Problem 2-31

Determine the x and y components of the force F.

Given:

F := 800N

:= 60deg

:= 40deg

Solution:

F x := F sin ( )

F y := F cos ( )

F x = 514 N

F y = 613 N
Problem 2-32

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction, measured clockwise from the
positive x axis.

Given:

F 1 := 70N

F 2 := 50N

F 3 := 65N

:= 30deg
:= 45deg

Solution :

+
FRx=SFx; F RX := F 1 + F 2 cos ( ) F3 cos ( )

+
FRy=SFy; F RY := F 2 sin ( ) F3 sin ( )

2 2
F R := F RX + F RY

FRY
:= atan
FRX
F R = 97.8 N

= 46.5 deg
Problem 2-33

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction measured counterclockwise from
the positive x axis.

Given:

F 1 := 50N

F 2 := 35N

:= 120deg

:= 25deg

Solution:

+
F Rx = F x ; F Rx := F 1 sin ( ) F2 sin ( )

F Rx = 28.51 N

+
F Ry = F y ; F Ry := F1 cos ( ) F 2 cos ( )

F Ry = 6.72 N

2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy

F R = 29.3 N

FRy
' := atan
FRx

' = 13.26 deg

:= 360deg '

= 347 deg
Problem 2-34
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction , measured counterclockwise
from the positive x axis.

Given:

F 1 := 850N

F 2 := 625N

F 3 := 750N

:= 45deg

:= 30deg

c := 3

d := 4

Solution :
d
+
FRx=SFx; F RX := F 1
2 2
F2 sin ( ) F 3 sin ( )
c +d

c
+
FRy=SFy; F RY := F 1
2 2
F2 cos ( ) + F 3 cos ( )
c +d

F RX = 162.8 N F RY = 520.9 N

2 2
F R := F RX + F RY F R = 546 N

FRY
:= atan
FRX
= 72.64 deg

:= + 180deg

= 253 deg
Problem 2-35

Three forces act on the bracket. Determine the magnitude and direction of F 1 so that the
resultant force is directed along the positive x' axis and has a magnitude of FR.

Units Used:

3
kN := 10 N

Given:
F R := 1 kN

F 2 := 450 N

F 3 := 200 N

:= 45deg

:= 30deg

Solution:

+
FRx=SFx; F R cos ( ) = F3 + F2 cos ( ) + F 1 cos ( + )

+
FRy=SFy; F R sin ( ) = F2 sin ( ) F 1 sin ( + )

F 1 cos ( + ) = F R cos ( ) F3 F2 cos ( )

F 1 sin ( + ) = F 2 sin ( ) + FR sin ( )

F2 sin ( ) + F R sin ( )
:= atan
FR cos ( ) F3 F2 cos ( )

= 37 deg

F 1 := (FR cos ( ) F3 F2 cos ( ) )2 + (F2 sin ( ) + FR sin ( ) )2

F 1 = 889 N
Problem 2-36

Determine the magnitude and direction , measured counterclockwise from the x' axis, of the resultant
force of the three forces acting on the bracket.

Given:

F1 := 300N

F2 := 450N

F3 := 200N

:= 45deg

:= 30deg

:= 20deg

Solution :

FRx := F1 cos ( + ) + F3 + F2 cos ( ) FRx = 711.03 N

FRy := F1 sin ( + ) + F2 sin ( ) FRy = 88.38 N

2 2
FR := FRx + FRy FR = 717 N

(angle from x axis)

FRy
:= atan = 7.1 deg
FRx

' (angle from x' axis)

' := +
' = 37.1 deg
Problem 2-37

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction, measured counterclockwise from
the positive x axis.

Given:

F 1 := 800N

F 2 := 600N

:= 40deg

c := 12

d := 5

Solution:

+
F Rx = F x ; F Rx := F1 cos ( ) F 2
c
F Rx = 58.99 N
2 2
c +d

+ d
F Ry = F y ; F Ry := F1 sin ( ) + F 2
2 2 F Ry = 745.00 N
c +d

2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy F R = 747 N

FRy
:= atan = 85.5 deg
FRx
Problem 2-38

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction, measured counterclockwise from
the positive x axis.

Units Used:

3
kN := 10 N

Given:

F 1 := 30kN

F 2 := 26kN

:= 30deg

c := 5

d := 12

Solution:

+
F Rx = F x ; F Rx := F1 sin ( )
c
F2 F Rx = 25 kN
2 2
c +d

d
+
F Ry = F y ; F Ry := F1 cos ( ) +
2 2
F2 F Ry = 1.98 kN
c +d

2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy F R = 25.1 kN

FRy
:= atan = 4.53 deg
FRx

:= 180deg + = 184.53 deg

Problem 2-39

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction measured counterclockwise from
the positive x axis.

Given:

F 1 := 60N

F 2 := 70N

F 3 := 50N

1 := 60deg

2 := 45deg

c := 1

d := 1

Solution:

d
3 := atan
c

( )
F Rx := F1 cos 3 F2 sin 1 ( ) F Rx = 103.05 N

( ) ( )
F Ry := F1 sin 3 F2 cos 1 F3 F Ry = 42.57 N

2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy F R = 111.5 N

FRy
:= 180deg atan = 157.55 deg
FRx
Problem 2-40

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force FR = F1 + F 2 and its direction, measured
counterclockwise from the positive x axis by summing the rectangular or x, y components of the
forces to obtain the resultant force.

Given:

F 1 := 600N

F 2 := 800N

F 3 := 450N

1 := 60deg

2 := 45deg

3 := 75deg

Solution:

+
F Rx = F x ; ( ) ( )
F Rx := F1 cos 2 F 2 sin 1 F Rx = 268.556 N

+
F Ry = F y ; ( ) ( )
F Ry := F1 sin 2 + F2 cos 1 F Ry = 824.264 N

2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy F R = 867 N

FRy
:= 180deg atan = 108 deg
FRx
Problem 2-41

Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant FR = F 1 + F2 + F 3 of the three forces by
summing the rectangular or x, y components of the forces to obtain the resultant force.
Given:

F 1 := 30N

F 2 := 20N

F 3 := 50N

:= 20deg

c := 3

d := 4

Solution:

F Rx := F 1
d F ( sin ( ) ) + F F Rx = 19.16 N
2 2 2 3
c + d

F Ry := F1
c F cos ( ) F Ry = 0.79 N
2 2 2
c + d

2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy F R = 19.2 N

FRy
:= atan = 2.37 deg
FRx
Problem 2-42

Determine the magnitude and orientation, measured

counterclockwise from the positive y axis, of the
resultant force acting on the bracket.

Given:

F A := 700N

F B := 600N

:= 20deg

:= 30deg

Solution:

Scalar Notation: Suming the force components algebraically, we have

FRx = Fx; F Rx := FA sin ( ) FB cos ( )

F Rx = 213.816 N

FRy = Fy; F Ry := FA cos ( ) + FB sin ( )

F Ry = 811.4 N

The magnitude of the resultant force FR is

2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy

F R = 839 N

The directional angle measured counterclockwise

from positive x axis is

FRx
:= atan
FRy
= 14.8 deg
Problem 2-43

Determine the magnitude and direction, measured counterclockwise from the positive x' axis, of
the resultant force of the three forces acting on the bracket.

Given:

F 1 := 300N

F 2 := 200N

F 3 := 180N

:= 10deg

1 := 60deg

c := 5

d := 12

Solution:

+
F Rx = F x ; ( )
F Rx := F1 sin 1 +
d
F3 F Rx = 115.8 N
2 2
c +d

( )
c
+
F Rx = F x ; F Ry := F1 cos 1 + + F2 +
2 2
F3 F Ry = 371.8 N
c +d

2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy F R = 389 N

FRy
:= atan = 72.71 deg
FRx

(
:= 90deg 1 ) = 42.7 deg
Problem 2-44

Determine the x and y components of F 1 and F 2.

Given:

F 1 := 200N

F 2 := 150N

:= 45deg

:= 30deg

Solution :

F 1x := F 1 sin ( )

F 1x = 141 N

F 1y := F 1 cos ( )

F 1y = 141 N

F 2x := F 2 cos ( )

F 2x = 130 N

F 2y := F 2 sin ( )

F 2y = 75 N
Problem 2-45

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction, measured counterclockwise
from the positive x axis.

Given:

F 1 := 200N

F 2 := 150N

:= 45deg

:= 30deg

Solution :

+
F Rx = F x; F Rx := F1 sin ( ) F 2 cos ( ) F Rx = 11.518 N

+
FRy = Fy; F Ry := F1 cos ( ) + F 2 sin ( ) F Ry = 216.4 N

2 2
F := F Rx + FRy F = 217 N

FRy
:= atan = 87 deg
FRx
Problem 2-46

Determine the x and y components of each force acting on the gusset plate of the bridge truss.

Given:

F 1 := 2kN c := 3

F 2 := 4kN d := 4

F 3 := 3kN e := 3

F 4 := 3kN f := 4

Solution :

F 1x := F 1

F 1x = 2 kN

F 1y := 0kN

d
F 2x := F 2
2 2
c +d
F 2x = 3.2 kN

c
F 2y := F 2
2 2
c +d
F 2y = 2.4 kN

e
F 3x := F 3
2 2
e +f
F 3x = 1.8 kN

f
F 3y := F 3
2 2
e +f
F 3y = 2.4 kN

F 4x := F 4

F 4x = 3 kN
F 4y := 0kN
Problem 2-47

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction measured clockwise from
the positive x axis.

Units Used:

3
kN := 10 N

Given:

F 1 := 20kN

F 2 := 40kN

F 3 := 50kN

:= 60deg

c := 1

d := 1

e := 3

f := 4

Solution:
+
F Rx = F x; F Rx := F3
f
+ F 2
d
F 1 cos ( )
2 2 2 2
e +f c +d
F Rx = 58.28 kN

+
FRy = Fy; F Ry := F3
e
F 2
c
F 1 sin ( )
2 2 2 2
e +f c +d
F Ry = 15.6 kN

2 2
F := F Rx + FRy

F = 60.3 kN
FRy
:= atan
FRx
= 15 deg
Problem 2-48

Three forces act on the bracket. Determine the magnitude and direction of F 1 so that the
resultant force is directed along the positive x' axis and has magnitude FR.

Given:

F 2 := 200N

F 3 := 180N

1 := 60deg

F R := 800N

c := 5

d := 12

Solution:

Initial Guesses: F 1 := 100N := 10deg

Given
+
F Rx = F x; ( ) ( )
F R sin 1 = F1 sin 1 +
d
F3
2 2
c +d

( ( )) = F1 cos (1 + ) + F2 +
c
+
F Ry = F y;
F R cos 1
2 2
F3
c +d

F1
:= Find ( F1 , )

F 1 = 869 N = 21.3 deg
Problem 2-49

Determine the magnitude and direction, measured counterclockwise from the positive x' axis, of
the resultant force acting on the bracket.

Given:

F 1 := 300N

F 2 := 200N

F 3 := 180N

1 := 60deg

:= 10deg

c := 5

d := 12

Solution:

Guesses F Rx := 100N F Ry := 100N

Given

( )
d
+
F Rx = F x;
F Rx = F 1 sin 1 +
2 2
F3
c +d

+
F Ry = F y; ( )
F Ry = F 1 cos 1 + + F 2 +
c
( F 3)
2 2
c +d

FRx FRx 115.75

:= Find ( FRx , FRy)
FRy 371.84
= N
FRy

2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy F R = 389 N

FRy
:= atan = 72.71 deg
FRx
(
' := 90deg 1 ) ' = 42.7 deg
Problem 2-50

Express each of the three forces acting on the column in Cartesian vector form and compute the
magnitude of the resultant force.

Given:

F 1 := 150 N := 60deg

F 2 := 275N c := 4

F 3 := 75N d := 3

Solution :

Find the components of each force.

d c
F 1x := F 1 F 1y := F 1
2 2 2 2
c +d c +d

F1x 90 N
F 1v :=
F1y
F 1v =
120

F 2x := 0 lb F 2y := F 2

F2x 0 N
F 2v :=
F2y
F 2v =
275

F 3x := F 3 cos ( ) F 3y := F 3 sin ( )

F3x 38 N
F 3v :=
F3y
F 3v =
65

Now find the magnitude of the resultant force.

F Rmag := F 1v + F2v + F 3v F Rmag = 463 N

Units Used:

1 lb = 0 kg

1 deg = 0.0175 rad

Given:

FBA := 150 lb c := 10ft := 30deg

FBC := 100 lb d := 3 ft

a := 20ft e := 8 ft

b := 2 ft f := 30ft

Solution :
The initial guesses:

rAC := 10m rBD := 20m

rBA = {acos i - asin j - (b-f) k};

rBAx := a cos ( )

rBAy := a sin ( )

rBAz := ( b f)

rBAx = 17 ft

rBAy = 10.0 ft

rBAz = 28.0 ft

rBA = {rBAx i - rBAy j - rBAz k}
;

2 2 2
rBA := rBAx + rBAy + rBAz

rBA = 34.41 ft

rBA
uBA =
rBA
rBAy rBAz
rBAx uBAy := uBAz :=
uBAx := rBA rBA
rBA

uBAx = 0.5034 uBAy = 0 uBAz = 1

uBA = {uBAx i + uBAy j + uBAz k}

rBC ={e i + c j + (d - f) k} ft

2 2 2
rBC := e + c + ( d f)

rBC = 29.88 ft

rBC
uBC =
rBC
e c df
uBCx := uBCy := uBCz :=
rBC rBC rBC

uBCx = 0.2677 uBCy = 0.3346 uBCz = 1

uBC = {uBCx i + uBCy j +uBCz k}

Force Vector:

FBA = FBA uBA

FBA uBA = FBA{uBAx i + uBAy j + uBAz k}
lb

FBA uBAx = 75.5 lb

FBA uBAy = 43.6 lb

FBA uBAz = 122 lb

FBA = { FBA uBAxi + FBA uBAyj +FBA uBAzk}lb

FBC = FBC uBC

FBC uBC = FBC{uBCxi + uBCyj + uBCzk}

FBC uBCx = 26.8 lb

FBC uBCy = 33.5 lb

FBC uBCz = 90 lb

FBC = { FBC uBCxi + FBC uBCyj + FBC uBCzk}lb

Resultant Forces:

FR := FBA + FBC

FRx := FBA uBAx + FBC uBCx

FRx = 102 lb

FRy := FBA uBAy + FBC uBCy

FRy = 10.13 lb

FRz := FBA uBAz + FBC uBCz

FRz = 212 lb

FR = { FRxi + FRyj + FRzk}l
b
The magnitude of FR is

2 2 2
FR := FRx + FRy + FRz

FR = 236 lb

The coordinate direction angles of FR are

FRx
:= acos
FR
= 64.3 deg

FRy
:= acos
FR
= 92.5 deg

FRz
:= acos
FR

= 154 deg
Problem 2-51

Determine the magnitude of force F so that the resultant F R of the three forces is as small as
possible. What is the minimum magnitude of F R?

Units Used:

kN := 1000N

Given:

F1 := 5kN

F2 := 4kN

:= 30deg

Solution :

Scalar Notation : Suming the force components

algebrically, we have

+
FRx = Fx; FRx = F1 F sin ( )

+
FRy= Fy; FRy = F cos ( ) F2

The magnitude of the resultant force F R is

FR =
2 2
FRx + FRy = (F1 F sin ( ))2 + (F cos( ) F2)2

FR = F1 + F2 + F 2FF1 sin ( ) 2F2 F cos( )

2 2 2 2

dFR
2F R = 2F 2F1 sin ( ) 2F2 cos ( )
dF

dFR
If F is a minimum then = 0 F := F1 sin ( ) + F2 cos ( ) F = 5.96 kN
dF

FR := (F1 F sin ( ))2 + (F cos( ) F2)2 FR = 2.33 kN

Problem 2-52

Express each of the three forces acting on the bracket in Cartesian vector form with respect to the
x and y axes. Determine the magnitude and direction of F1 so that the resultant force is directed
along the positive x' axis and has magnitude FR.

Units Used:

kN := 1000N

Given:

FR := 600N

F2 := 350N

F3 := 100N

:= 30deg

Solution :

F2 0
F2v := F3v:= F
0 3

F1 cos ( ) 350 0
F1v = F2v = N F3v = N
F1 sin ( ) 0 100

The initial guesses: F1 := 20N := 10deg

Given

F1 cos ( ) FR cos ( )
+ F2v + F3v =
F1 sin ( ) FR sin ( )

F1
:= Find ( F1 , ) F1 = 434 N = 67 deg

Problem 2-53

The three concurrent forces acting on the post produce a resultant force FR=0. If F2=1/2F1,
and F1 is to be 90 from F2 as shown, determine the required magnitude F3 expressed in terms
of F1 and the angle .

Solution: Use the primed coordiates

FRx = 0 F 3 cos ( 90) F1 = 0

FRy = 0 F 3 sin ( 90) + F 2 = 0

F2 1
tan ( 90) = =
F1 2

:= 90deg + atan
1

2

= 116.565 deg

1
k :=
cos ( 90deg)

k = 1.118 F 3 = k F 1
Problem 2-54
Three forces act on the bracket.Determine the magnitude and orientation of F 2 so that the
resultant force is directed along the positive u axis and has magnitude FR.

Given:

F R := 50kN

F 1 := 80kN

F 3 := 52kN

:= 25deg

c := 12

d := 5

Solution:

Guesses

F 2 := 50kN := 120deg

Given

d
F R cos ( ) = F 1 + F 2 cos ( + ) + F3
2 2
c +d

c
F R sin ( ) = F 2 sin ( + ) + F3
2 2
c +d

F2
:= Find ( F2 , ) F 2 = 88.1 kN = 103.3 deg

Problem 2-55

Determine the magnitude and orientation, measured clockwise from the positive x axis, of the
resultant force of the three forces acting on the bracket.

Given:

F 1 := 80kN

F 2 := 150kN

F 3 := 52kN

:= 55deg

:= 25deg

c := 12m

d := 5m

Solution :

F Rx := F 1 + F3
d + F cos ( + ) F Rx = 126.05 kN
2 2 2
c +d

F Ry := F3
c F sin ( + ) F Ry = 99.721 kN
2 2 2
c + d
2 2
F R := F Rx + FRy F R = 160.7 kN

FRy
:= atan = 38.3 deg
FRx
Problem 2-56

Three forces act on the ring. Determine the range of values for the magnitude of P so that the
magnitude of the resultant force does not exceed F . Force P is always directed to the right.

Units Used:

3
kN := 10 N

Given:

F := 2500N

F 1 := 1500N

F 2 := 600N

1 := 60deg

2 := 45deg

Solution:

Initial Guesses: F Rx := 100N F Ry := 100N P := 100N

Given

+
F Rx=Fx; ( )
F Rx = P + F2 cos 2 + F1 cos 1 + 2( )
+
F Ry=Fy; ( ) (
F Ry = F 2 sin 2 + F 1 sin 1 + 2 )
2 2
F= FRx + F Ry

FRx

FRy := Find ( FRx , FRy , P) P max = 1.62 kN

Pmax

Initial Guesses: F Rx := 100N F Ry := 100N P := 2000N

Given

+
F Rx=Fx; ( )
F Rx = P + F2 cos 2 + F1 cos 1 + 2 ( )
+
F Ry=Fy; ( ) (
F Ry = F 2 sin 2 + F 1 sin 1 + 2 )
 2 2
F= FRx + F Ry

FRx

FRy := Find ( FRx , FRy , P) P min = 1.69 kN

Pmin

Since P > 0 we conclude that 0 <= P <= P max = 1.62 kN

Problem 2-57

Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of F1 and F2 Sketch each force on an x,
y, z reference.
Given:

60

F 1 := 50 N

40

40

F 2 := 85 N


30

Solution:

1
F1

1 := acos
F1
1

1

46.86

1 = 124.74 deg
62.88
1

2
F2

2 := acos
F2
2

2

113.93

2 = 149.53 deg
72.29
2
Problem 2-58

Express each force in Cartesian vector form.

Units Used:
3
kN := 10 N

Given:

F 1 := 5kN

F 2 := 2kN

1 := 60deg

2 := 60deg

3 := 45deg

Solution:

cos ( 2)
2.50
F 1v := F 1 cos ( 3)

F 1v = 3.54 kN


cos ( 1)
2.50

0 0.00

F 2v := F 2 1

F 2v = 2.00 kN

0 0.00
Problem 2-59

Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the force F acting on the stake.

Given:

F h := 40N

:= 70deg

c := 3

d := 4

Solution:

2 2
c +d
F := F h
d

F = 50 N

c
F x := Fh cos ( ) F y := Fh sin ( ) F z := F
2 2
c +d

F x = 13.7 N F y = 37.6 N F z = 30 N

Fx Fy Fz
:= acos := acos := acos
F F F
= 74.1 deg = 41.3 deg = 53.1 deg
Problem 2-60

Express each force in Cartesian vector form.

Given:

F 1 := 400N

F 2 := 600N

1 := 45deg

2 := 60deg

3 := 60deg

4 := 45deg

5 := 30deg

Solution:

cos ( 2)
200.0
F 1v := F 1 cos ( 3)

F 1v = 200.0 N



cos ( 1)
282.8

cos ( 5) cos ( 4)
367.4
F 2v := F 2 cos ( 5) sin ( 4)

F 2v = 367.4 N



sin ( 5)
300.0