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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Model (1)
Question (1):-

(A) Choose:-
1- 2f
2- C6H4(COOH)2
3- Esterification
4- Blue
5- 0.05
6- Increasing its radius

(B)

C=0.004 Ka=8.8 106-

=
Ka = 8.810 = 0.0469

0.004

(C) back to your st.book

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question (2):-

(A) Arrange following by writing chemical equations:-

(1) Indirect hydration:
H2SO4
C2H2+H2O CH3CHO
(2) Oxidation:
24
CH3CHO+KMNO4 CH3COOH

CH3CHO+H2 C2H5OH

(3) Esters :
H2SO4
CH3COOH+ C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5+H2O

(4)Reaction with ammonia

CH3COOC2H5+NH3 CH3CONH2+ C2H5OH

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(B)
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2So4+H2O+CO2

1.1gm 0.25mole

3510-3L

=

= 106 0.25 35 103 = 0.9275

Na2CO3 0.9275
% of Na2CO3= 100 = 100 = 84.3%
1.1

(c) Purification of Copper

Copper of purity 99 % contains some

impurities such as Fe, Zn, Ag, and Au.
These impurities decrease the
conductivity of copper for electricity.
At the anode: Impure copper, while at
the cathode: pure copper, and the
electrolyte: CuSO4 solution.
When the electric current passes, the
ion will move towards the electrodes
opposite to their charges.
Ionization of CuSO4:

CuSO4 Cu+2 + SO42

a- At anode:

Cu Cu+2 + 2

b- At cathode:

Cu+2 + 2 Cu

Question (3)

(A)

1-organic acid
2- PH

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3-Indicators
4- electromotive force

(B) Explain by Chemical equation:

(1) C6H14 +4H2

oidation
+H2
(2) NH4Cl+ AgCNO Agcl+NH4CNO
(3) NH4Cl+ AgCNO Agcl+NH4CNO

oxidation K2CR2O7
(4) C2H5OH CH3COOH

CH3COOH+NaO CH3COONa+H2O

CH3COONa+NaOH CH4+Na2CO3

CH4+Cl2 CH3Cl +HCl

CH3Cl+NaOH CH3OH+NaCl
conc
(5) 3Fe +Cl2 FeCl3
HEAT
Fecl3 + NaOH Fe(OH)3 +3Nacl
HEAT
Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + H2O
Fe2O3 + H2SO4 Fe2 (SO4)3

COONa

+ NaOH + Na2CO3
(6)

Nitration of benzene

(7) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6NaOH(aq) 3Na2SO4(aq) + 2Al(OH)3(s)

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Al(OH)3(s) + NaOH(aq) NaAlO2(aq) + 2H2O()

C-
2 F At.w

0.8 F 0.4 At.w

0.8 x 96500 Coul = 77200 coul

____________________________________________________________

Question (4)

(A)Give reason:
(1) Because acids and alcohols have hydrogen bond but esters dont have.
(2) to avoid the hydrolysis of its vitamins
(b) you can reach to seven isomers four of them are alcohols and three of ethers

(B) Four isomers

1- C4H10O
2- CH3CH2 CH2 CH2OH
3- CH3CH(CH3)-CH2OH
4- C(CH3)3 OH

(c) look at your book

Question (5)

(a)

1- (sorbitol glycerol-gylcol-ethanol )
2- [- benzoic acid - acetic acid carbonic acid carbolic acid - ethanol ethyl
acetate ester sodium hydroxide ]

(b) NO.moles C = 12 = 4
48

10
NO.moles H = = 10
1

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

C4H10

( C) how to diff:-

1- By the density of the acid measured by hydrometer

2- By adding FeCl3 on ammonium hydroxide it turns into reddish brown and
with ammonium thiocynate it turns into bloody red
3- By adding AgNo3 it turns white on cold with Na2CO3 but white on hot with
NaHCO3
4- By adding FeCl3 it turns violet with phenol or adding acidified KMNO4 to
ethylene violet color discharged.

Model (2)

Question (1) :

1- 1-b 2- b 3-c 4-c 5-a

(B )- 1- Ethanol C2H5OH
conc H2SO4
C2H4 +H2O look at organic book

2- Iron (III) hydroxide

3Fe+4H2O 750 Fe3O4 + 4H2
Fe3O4+8HCl conc Fecl2+2Fecl3+4H2O
Fecl3+3NH4OH Fe(OH)3+3NH4Cl

Question (2):-

(A) Give reason

1- To measure value and it volatizes without affecting mass of solution
2- To neutralize between the excess of ions
3- Because effect of light increases so, rate of formation of silver increase
4- To back to the equilibrium state
5- To allow the connection with the electrolyte chamber

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(B) How to obtain :-

1-

2- CaCO3(s) + H2O() + CO2(g) Ca(HCO3)2(aq)

3 - 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 +SO2 +SO3

Fe2O3+6HCl 2FeCl3 +6H2O

FeCl3+3NH4OH Fe(OH)3+3NH4Cl

700
4- Fe3O4+4H2 Fe(s) Fe(s) + S(s) FeS(s)
Question (3):
(A) Write structural form:- CH3
1- H2C-COOH 2- CH=C-C-CH2-CH3

HO-C-COOH CH3

HO-C-COOH

3-CH3NH2 4-NH2CONH2 5-FeSO4 NO

(B) How to diff:-

1- By adding FeCl3 violet color appear on phenol
2- By adding KMNO4 violet color will disappear on ethanol

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3- By adding FeCl3 to each red color will appear on ammonium

thiocynate, violet color on phenol and reddish brown

(C) 1 Farday = 96500 Colm.

Queston (4):-
(A) Look BOOK III Page 8
(B) catalytic hydration- Oxidation reduction

(C) whats meant by :-

1- The quantity of Electricity that dissolves - evolve or ppt the gm
equivalent of any element
2-At constant temp the rate of chemical reaction is directly proportional to the
product conc raised to power of coefficient in balanced chemical equation

Question (5):-
(A):- 1- Cao-methane
2- Substitution- nitro benzene
3- Acetic acid- aspirin headache pain
22
4- No of moles= = =0.65mole
12+2(16)
1 mole 6.02 1023
0.65 ??
No of moles = 3.913 1023 moles

(B):- Solved before

(c) :- Temp + decreasing the amount of ammonia
pressure + increasing the amount of ammonia

Model (3)

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Question (1):-
(a) 1-a 2-c 3-d 4b 5-c 6-b 7-c
(B) 1- solved before (model 1)
2-

3-

4- FeCO3(s) FeO(s) + CO2(g)

CO(g) + FeO (s) 2Fe(s) + CO2(g)

Question (2):-
(A) 1-Methyl orange 2-Kp 3-nitration 4-saturated vapor pressure 5-
Kw 6-ammonolysis 7-secondary cell

( b) write Iupac name:-

1) 2-penten
2) 3-bromo,2-methyl hexane

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

(c)
1mole 208gm
Xg 2gm
208gm 233 m(BaCl2) =1.799gm

Question (3):-
(A) What is meant by :-
1- Equilibrium: takes place of reversible reaction when rate of forward =rate
of backward at certain condition of temp -p
2- phenomena in which compound has same molecular formula but different
in structural formula
3- Salt of alkyl benzene sulphonic acid
4- Acid is added to carbonate and bicarbonate effervescence takes place and
CO2 evolved which turbid lime water

(B):
1.810
= = = 0.0134 molar
0.1

(C) : show by chemical equation:-

1- 2FeSO4(s) Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)

Fe2O3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)
conc
Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O()

2-
3- C2H4+ 3O2 burning 2CO2+2H2O+energy
4- C2H5OH+H2SO4 80C CH3CH2OSO3H+H2O

Hydrolysis CH3CH2OSO3H+H2O 120c C2H5OH+H2SO4

CH3CH2OSO3H 180c C2H4+ H2SO4

Question (4):-
(A)
1- in nitration it works to prevent the reversible reaction but in
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sulphonation it is reactants that substitute the benzene ring with

SO3H
2-detect type of medium and change color of medium to specify that
each color its medium
3- to neutralize acidity of aspirin

(B) 1-3 2-5 3-1 4-2

(C)Mention one use:-

1- Dacron: manufacture of arteries of heart
2- Formic acid: manufacture of dyes and perfumes and
insecticides
3-Protien: insulin
4-Used to widen arteries in the heart treatment
5-Used in car battery

( D)-
M= 0.35 PH = 14-0.44 =13.55

Give Reason:-
(A):-
1-Because when temp increases kinetic energy increase so probability
of collision is greater
2-As it changes its color with 2 solutions phenol
changes to violet and ammonium thiocynate to bloody red
3-Due to markunikoffs law as H goes to carbon which has more
Hydrogen
4-Because acid dont have hydrogen bond but ketones and alcohols
has due to acidic property of carboxylic acid
4-To increase surface area so rate of chemical reaction increase and
decrease acidity.

(B):-
2HCl+ Na2CO3 2NaCl +H2O+CO2
. .
=

0.2 2010 0.4
=
2 2

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

2 0.2 = 0.016 Va=0.04L

(c) BACK TO Organic Book

(d) ethene gives ethyl alcohol but ethyne gives acetaldehyde

Model (4)

Question-1

A- 1-a 2-d 3-c 4-c 5- b 6-d 7-c

B- 1- alkyl halide 2- phenols 3-acidamide 4- ketones
C- HCl-benzoic-acetic-phenol-ethanol

Question-2
(a)
1-carbohydrates
2-law of mass action
3-soap
4-volatalization
5-kw
6-ammonolysis
7-sec-galvanic cell

B):-
*C2H4+H2 Ni\150-300c C2H6
*CH3COOH +H2 NI C2H5OH
*C2H2+H2 C2H4
1
*2Fe3O4 +2 O2 3Fe2O3

Question (3):-
A-Give Reason:-
1- To protect it from bacteria
2- It contains its own fuel and own ox.agent and great amount of energy is
liberated
3- Because reaction of CH3COOH and ethanol are reacting in same medium
without escaping one of product while
NaCl+AgNO3 NaNO3 +AgCl has ppt
4- Due to presence of benzene ring which has electron withdrawing effect
5- As its reaction is non-spon

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(b)1-mass of element in one mole divided by the molar mass x 1oo

2-it is the chemical decomposition of chemical substance by electric current
in the electrolyte

(c)

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(D)show by balanced equation:-

(1) from ethyne to ethyl alcohol then oxidation to acetic acid
(2) C2H5ONa+ HCl NaCl+C2H5OH

(3) CH3-CH2-CH2 H2so4\ CH3-CH=CH

OH

CH3CH=CH2 +HOH CH3CHCH3

OH

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

(4) CH2OH CH2-ONO2

CH-OH + 3HNO3 H2so4 CH-ONO2 +3H2O

CH2-OH CH2-ONO2

+HNO3 H2so4 +H2O

(5) C2H5OH 180c\H2so4 C2H4+H2O

C2H4+KMno4 (o)\ H2So4 CH2-CH2

OH OH

(6) Pb + PbO2 + 4H+ + 2SO4-2 2PbSO4 + 2H2O

(7)

2HBr+H2SO4 conc 2H2O+SO2 +Br2

Question (4):-

(A) Determine names and write :-

1- CH3-CH-CH-CH3 3-methyl 2-pentanol

OH C2H5

CH3

2- CH3-CH2-C-CH3 2-methyl 2-butanol

OH

3- CH3CH2CHCH3 2-butanol

OH

4- CH3CHCHCH2CH3 4-methyl 3-pentanol

CH3 OH

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

(B) Mention the mathematic relations between each of:

1- Number of moles of a gas and its volume in liter at STP
2- Molecular mass in gram of gas has density in (gm/l) at STP
3- Concentration of solution in (mol/l) and number of moles of solute and volume of
solution in liter

(C)What is meant by :-
1- change in concentration and temp and pressure affects equilibrium it shifts
the reaction in the direction that oppose change.
2- -ve log of concentration of hydrogen ion
3- product of multiplication of concentration of ions part. And solution salt
at equilibrium
4-Rule in which carbon near the bond to be one has more number of H
takes but has less takes halide.
5-Process in which compound re arranged in another shape.

Question (5):-

(A) :

1- By adding FeCl3 it turns violet with phenol or put both in a basic medium
ph.ph turns into blue.
2- By adding H2s to both black ppt appears on CUSO4
3- By adding NH4OH reddish brown ppt appear on Fe III sulphate and red on
Fe II.

(B) : 1-Heavy 2-methane 3-1-butene 4-Dacron

(C) How can you Differentiate:-

1- Phenol and ethanol By adding FeCl3 violet color on phenol

2- By adding KMno4 violet color disappear with ethyne
3- By sodium carbonate it gives eff with the ethanoic acid

Model (5)
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Question (1) :-
A- 1-a 2-d 3-d 4-a 5-b 6-d 7-b
B- Answered before
C- Answered before
D-
1- destructive distillation followed by alkylation
2-esterification reaction then ammnolysis
3-Cat.reforming then hydrogenation by three moles
4-reduction followed by fireld craft then nitration reaction
5-acetylene to acetlahdyde then reuction to ethyl alcohol the adding sulphoric
acid at 140 C
6- FeCl3(aq) + 3NH4OH(aq) 3NH4Cl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s)
above

2Fe(OH)3(s) 200C
Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O(v)
230C:300C
3Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) 2Fe3O4(s) + CO2(g)

7- 2KI(s) + 2H2SO4()
conc
K2SO4(aq) + 2HI(g)
conc
2HI(s) + H2SO4(l) 2H2O() + SO2(g) + I2(v)

Question (2):-

(A)

1-triglycride esters
2- kw
3- ammonolysis
4-detergent . saponification
5-Bayers reaction
6-FUEL CEEL
7-Passivity

(B) BACK TO ORGANIC BOOK

(c ) EMF = 0.4 + 0.6 = ONE VOLT

Question (3):-

(A) whats meant by:-

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1-equlibrium in weak electrolytes rises between molecule and its ions.

2- weak acids that changes its color by changing medium
3- CHBrCl CF3
4- By increasing dilution degree of ionization increases a t cont. temprature

(B) :-

= =

1.610
= = 0.013 molar
0.1

(C) Show by chemical equation:-

1- FeCl3+ NH4sCN Fe(SCN)3+3NH4Cl

2- phenol + formaldyhde acidic m. Co-polymer Baklite
3- gives gamixane
4- Hydrolysis give ethyl alcohol and thermal decomposition gives ethane
Alcoholic decomposition gives ether

Question (4):-
A. Answered before in model
B. 1-Dacron : heart valves 2-formic acid : detergent and dyes 3-glycine:
protein 4-TNG: Explosive 5- Recharging the lead acid battery 6-cover
cheap metals by precious one

Question (5):-

Give reason:-

1-Because k.e increases so collision increases

2- Because its color changes with both with ohenol violet and red with
ammonium
3- Due to markinikoffs law
4-Because each functional group has its own properties
5- Due to presence of benzene ring
B- h-anhy= water
1.47-1.11=0.36 gm x= 2

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
0.36
% of water=1.47 100 = 24.49%
C -back to organic book
Model (6)

Question (1):-

1-b 2-b 3-c 4-d 5-benzamide 6-a

Question (2):-

(A) :-

(B):-

1- salt of alkyl benzene sulphonic acid

2- it is reaction that happened in two directions due to presence of reactant and
product in same medium

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

3- it is equilibrium in which rate backward = rate of forward

4- Standard electrode used to estimate the electric potential of others electrode

Question (3):
(B): compare:
1- organic : chemistry of hydrocarbon

2- direct indirect
Addition reaction substitution addition
Gamixane chlorobenzene

3-vinyl chloride polyethene

Plastic tube,floors, Bags,hoses
Electric wires

4- CHO CH2OH
(CHOH)4 C=O
CH2OH (CH2OH)3
Glucose fructose
Aldhydic ketonic

6- Quantitative Qualitative
Analysis to estimate analysis of type
Amount of reactant of salt.
In reaction.

Question (4):-

(A):-1-

3-
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4-

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(B)
1- neutralization
2- Drydistilation
3- CHloration
5- Nitration

(c) 1-Isomerism
2- Catalytic reformation
3- Dynamic equilibrium system
4- Equilibrium constant

Question (5):-

(A)Give reason:-

1- Because their color changes with these elements

2-Because angle between bonds are 109.5
3-it is very dangerous it was called the ugliest compound in chemistry as it
destroy tissues of insects to kill them.
4- to prevent reversible reaction and increase acidity of water
5-Because volume of reactant = volume of product

(C):-
Neutralization Esterification
It is reaction between reaction between organic
Base and acid to give acid and alcohols to give
Salt and water ester and water
NaOH+HCl CH3COOH + C2H5OH H2so4
NaCl+H2O CH3COOC2H5+ H2O

Question (6):-

R-OH alcohol hydroxyl C2H5OH

R-OR ether etherial C2H5O C2H5
R-CHO aldehyde formyl CH3CH
R-CO-R ketone carbonyl RC=OR

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

R-COOH Acids CH3COOH

amines amino CH3NH2

(B):
Hydrolysis ionization
It is the exchange of ions between a It is the dissociation of salt into their
salt and water to give the acid and ions in water .and it may be complete
base from which the salt was derived. or incomplete
Acid + Alkali
Salt + Water Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO3-
Na2CO3 + 2H2O 2Na+ +
2OH + H2CO3

(C):
10
m(Fe2O3)= tons
7

10
7 54
% Fe2O3= =100

Ore= 2.6 tons.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Model (7)

Question (1):-

(A) Choose:-
1-substitution
2- Neutral
3- Bakalite
4- H2SO4 180c
5- Indicators
6-1-bromoethane
7- spongy lead
8- faraday
9- equivalent weight
10- all the previous

(B)
PH=12 POH=2
-log []=2
Conc=100
Ksp=[][]2 Ksp=100 [100]2= 106

(C)
C2H4O2
1- CH3COOH HCOOCH3
NI
2- C2H5OH + H2 CH3COOH
CaO
3- CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O (Neutralization)
CaO
CH3COONa + NaOH CH4+Na2CO
Question (2)
(A) Give reason :-
1- Because they are not saturated compound they have one bi bond.
CH2=CH2
2- NH4Cl NH4+ +Cl-
HOH H+ + OH-
NH4Cl + H2O NH4OH +H+ +Cl-
Because they dissolve in water giing strong acid (HCl) and weak base (NH4OH)
So effect of acidity is stronger it turns litmus paper to red ( PH< 7)
3- They are used in explosive manufacture as they are used in medicine
4- Because it doesnt exist free but it found in fats in form of triglycride ester
5- To increase surface area so rate of chemical reaction increase

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6- Due to variety of cations and they have diff oxidation state.

(B)

Question three:-

(A) Scientific term :-

1- Detergent
2- Teflon
3- Insulin
4- Avogdros number
5- Catalytic hydration
6- Esters

(B) How to diff:-

1- By adding K2Cr2O7 to both C2H5OH will change from green to orange
2- By adding FeCl3 to both phenol will change to violet
3- By adding KMno4 to both violet color disappear on acetelyne.

(C) Show by equation:- BACK TO YOUR TEXTBOOK

Question (4) :-

(A) Show by chemical equation:-

1- CH2-CH2-CH3+KOH CH2-CH2-CH3+KBr
| |
Br OH

CH2-CH2-CH3 CH2=CH-CH3+ H2O

CH3

CH2=CH-CH3+ KOH CH3-CH

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CH3 OH
4
CH3-CH C=O

OH

2- C2H5Br + KOH C2H5OH + KBr

24\140
2C2H5OH C2H5OC2H5 + H2O

3- BenzeneT.N.T
CH3
I CH3

4- CH3-CH + KOH CH3-CH + KBr

Br OH

C2H5Br + KOH C2H5OH + KBr

()
C2H5OH CH3CHO

5-

(B):-

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(C) 0.3 x 40 x 60 0.126

96500 coul ? ? = 16.8

Question (5)

(A):- whats meant by:-

1-long chain saturated hydrocarbon

2-Hydrolysis of ester in the presence of strong alkali by heating to form salt of acid and
alcohol
3-Number of carboxylic group
4- reaction between alkine and H2O in presence of catalyst giving aldehyde
5- Vingar = diluted acetic acid used as food additives
6- they are poly hydroxyl aldhedic or ketonic substances
7-Product of multiplying conc of H+ and conc of OH- = 10-4
8- Chemical equilibrium State of equilibrium in which the forward rate = the
backward rate

B- Compare between :
1- Fatty acids amino acid
O

HO-C-R R-CH-COH

NH2

2- PBC PCV
3- Sulphonation alkylation
+ H2SO4 + CH3Cl
3
+ H2O + HCl

Polymerization Thermal decomposition

It is process of converting small Converting heavy long petroleum
Molecules (monomers) to Chain into lighter short product

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Large one (polymer) takes place under high pre. And temp

C- temp inc reaction shifts forward

Pressure inc shifts forward

D-

96500 coul 1

5 x 30 x 60 ? =0.09 gm

Model (8)

Question (1):-

(A) Choose:-
1- Heating FeII SO4
2- Addition poly
3- Ethanoic
4- Decrease activation energy
5- Ni & Cr

(B) Explain by chemical equation:-

1- Mg(HCO3)2 MgO + H2O + 2CO2

2- - Copper (II) chloride solution is ionized as the following:

CuCl2 Cu+2 + 2Cl-
- When electricity passes, the ions moves toward the opposite charged electrodes
and the following reactions take place;

Reduction
At cathode (-ve electrode); Cu+2 + 2 Cu Red. Potential = 0.34 V
At anode (+ve electrode); 2Cl Oxidation 2 + Cl2 Ox. Potential = -1.36 V
Total reaction: Cu+2 + 2Cl- Cu + Cl2

24\110
2- CH2=CH2+ H2O C2H5OH
24\140
2 C2H5OH C2H5OC2H5 + H2O
3- CaCO3 + CO2 CaO + 2CO2

(C):-

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a- +3 0 5
26Fe : 4S , 3d ( no un paired=5)
b- +3 0 0
21Sc : 4s , 3d (no un paired ) 2- +3

D-mention one use of :-

1- As fuel or solvent
2- act as catalyst in living cells
3- sulphate and shuphide detection

Question (2) :
(A) Write scientific term:
1-electromotive series
2- Scarifying electrode
3- passivity
4-Equilibrium point
4- Bayers reaction
5- Transition elements
(B)
1- H2O H+ + OH-
2- Ionization equilibrium
3- Kw= 10-14

(C)

a-

CH3

CH3-CH-CH3+ NaOH CH3-CH + NaBr

Br OH

CH3
227
CH3-CH + [] CH3COCH3

OH

b- BY ZINC DUST

Question (3)

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(A) At cathode (-ve electrode); Cu+2 + 2 Cu Red. Potential =

Oxidation
0.34 V
At anode (+ve electrode); 2Cl 2 + Cl2 Ox. Potential = -1.36 V
IF COPPER ION ARE 3.011023 SO Cl- ions are 6.021023
And the evolved volume of one mole atom will be 11.2 Liter as the
chlorine is diatomic molecule

(B) Give scientific explanation:-

1- As its ionization const. is very small Kc= 10-6

2- Because it protect metals from corrosion and rusting
3- As it depends on reversible redox

Question (4):-
A- Give reason:-
1- Because it is oxidized to SO3
2- Because alkenes has one pi bond but alkynes has two pi bond
3- To neutralize vapours
4- Because they have structural and molecular formula
5- a) large number
b) all are common in C-atom
C) ability of C-atom
(B)
1- actyl salicylic acid 2- trinitres toluene
(C) write Iupac:-
1- 3-hexanol
2- 1-nitro benzoate
D- from following reaction:-
1- CaCO3+ H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
100gm 136

Mass of CaCO3= 0.37gm

2- Conc of H2SO4=0.5 molar

CaCO3 = 0.25 gm

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

=

0.5 2.510
= =
1 1

Va= 5 10-3L = 5ml

Question (5):-

(A):

CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

CH3COONa+NaOH cao CH4+Na2CO3

\725
CH4 + H2O CO+ 3H2 water gas

(B)Show by equation:-

1-C2H2 +H2 C2H4 C2H6

C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl
2- Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
3- 2NaNO3 + 4H2SO4 + 6 FeSO4 Na2SO4 + 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO

(C) Give reason :-

FeSO4+ FeSO4.NO brown ring compound

1- Because they are strong as steel

2- Due to presence of benzene ring WHICH INCREASES THE BOND LENTH OFOH
3- Because C doesnt have hydrogen

(D)

1- C10H8 2- NH4CNO

(E)

1- C12H22O11 + H2O 2C6H12O6

180
2- C2H5OH + HOSO3H C2H4 + H2O
24\120
3- C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
4: Answered before

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Model (9)

A-Choose:-

1- d- 1 molar hydrochloric acid

2- di hydroxyl
3- frozen fruits
4- plastic sheets
5- 1-butanol
6- Esters
7- Ethyl chloride with benzene

A-

1- HNO3 , H2SO4
2- C6H5OH
3- CaC2 + 2HOH C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
4- acidic effect
Its called picric acid gives red with methyl orange

B- Adding HCl will shift it forward but adding NaCL will shift it backward

24
5- C6H5OH + 3HO.NO2 + 3H2
3 mol 63 1
4.95 ? molecule
Molecule = 1.57 1022

(NO2)= 1.576 1022 3 = 4.73 1022

(B) HCl
NaCl

Question (2):
(A):

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

1- poly vinyl Teflon

Tubes, hoses , electric wires cooking unistls.surgical threads

Cl F F

CH2=CH C=C

F F

2- Cycloalkanes alkanes

CnH2n+1 CnH2n+2

Active not active

The angle bond is less

Than 109.5

3 , 4 - ( Answered before )

(B)

1- C2H5Br + KOH C2H5OH+ KBr

2- C2H5OH + NaCl C2H5Cl + NaOH

(C)

FeCl3 + 3NH4SCN ()3 + 3NH4Cl indicator

(D) whats meant by:-

1- it is the reaction of adding HNO3 at 50C in presence of H2SO4

2- it is ether that is product of same alcohol by emiltiry water
3- it is chloroform used as anesthetic substance it causes death
4- poly propene used in cases , cans , carpets
5- poly ethylene glycol used in photographic film and causette taps
6- it is the reaction between benzene and alkyl halides in presence of catalyst
AlCl3

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

7- it is series of related organic compound which have same chemical properties

and general formula and graduated in physical properties

Queston (3)
(A): Give reason

1-it shift backward

2-it shift forward
3- Because it is system stionaryappear but dynamic in real
4- Because acidic effect of organic but alcohols are neutral
5- Because it is hydrolysis in water gives strong alkali (NaOH) and weak acid
(H2CO3)

(B) CnH2n+2 26
nC= 1mole 12gm

nmole 26

C2H2
\
3C2H2 C6H6

C2H2 + H2 C2H4 C2H6

Question (4):

(A) write scientific term

1- indicators
2- rate of chemical reaction
3-IF
4- saponification

(B) Back to your text book

(C)
1- By adding H2SO4 at 140C
2- gas volume calculation
3- law of mass action
4- Markonikoffs rule HX

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Question 5 :
(A) look at your book
(B) How can you obtain

1-CH3CHO CH3COOH

CH3COOH+H2 C2H5OH
110
C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O
4
C2H4 + H2O CH2-CH2

2,3.4 ) OH OH

(C)

Ksp = []3 [3]2 = [10 9]3 [3.5 10 9]2 = 1.225 10-6

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Model (10)

Question (1):-

A- Choose:-
1-2
2- Sulphate
3- one molecule
4- d
5- methyle salyicylate
6- CO2
B- choose from A and B what fits C
(A) (B) (C)

1- ethanol. . VI- prepare converted

2- acetone. d-Primarymonohydroxy alcohol alcohol.
3- Ethylene glycol. c- ketone VII- Produced from
4- Carbolic acid. secondary alcohol
5- glycerol. f- Dihydroxy alcohol oxidation
6- Iso propyle alcohol. l IV- used in painting.
e- phenol
a- Trihydroxy alcohol I- Used to prepare picric
b- Secondary alcohol Acid
.
II- produced from
hydrolysis of 2-bromo
propane.

.
.

B- How to obtain:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

1- C2H4 + H2 C2H6

C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl

C2H5Cl + NaOH C2H5OH + HCl
227
C2H5OH + [] CH3COOH

227
2- C2H5OH + [] CH3CHO + H2O
227
CH3CHO CH3COOH
24
C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

3- 5NaNO2 + 2KMno4 + 3H2SO4 5NaNO3 + K2SO4 + MnSO4+ 3H2O

5-CH3COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3
.\1500
2CH4 C2H2+2H2

C2H2 + H2 C2H4
24\110
C2H4 + HOH C2H5OH
C2H5OH + NaCl C2H5ONa + HCl

(C):-

CaC2 + 2HOH C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
C2H2 + H2 C2H4
24\4
C2H4 + H2O CH3CHO + H2O
[]
CH3CHO CH3COOH

Question (2) :-
(A): write scientific term :-
1- rate of chemical reaction
2-ELECTROLYTE
3- catalytic reforming
4-AMPERE

( B)Compare:-
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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

1- Interstitial alloy substitution

Alloy in which element fill the alloy which element change
Inter molecular spaces between places with other element
Alloy element
Fe-C Ni-Cr Ag-Cr

2- alcohols ROH phenols ArOH

Has neutral effect Has acidic effect
(C)

96500 coul 35.5

0.02
2 x 30 ? =0.02 gm 35.52
x 22.4 = 0.01 liter

Question (3):-
(A)Give Reason:-
1- Due to its Acidic effect causes stomach ulcer
2- to avoid the water that makes rev. reaction
3- To avoid the water of dilution that may formed hydrolyse the ester
4- Because ionization degree is very small
5- Ka= 2.c as the conc

(B):-
Spong iron midrex furnaces by reduction of water gas
Manganese prepare steel prevent formation of oxy. On steel
Cobalt used prep of alloys
Black iron magnetite Fe3O4
Hematite 50%-60% Iron dark red
Yellow copper substation produced by electrolysis
Cement intermetallic Fe3C

B- 1- C2HBrF3 2-Na2S4O6 3-C6H6O

4- C8H8O4 5- C3H6O2 6-C7H5NH2O
C- Write structural formula :-
1- RCOOH
2- RCHO
3- RCOR
4- RCOOR
5- RCONH2

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Question (4) How can you diff:-

(A):-
1- HCl and NaOH
Adding AgNO3 white ppt appears on HCl
2- NaCl and AlCl3 by adding NaOH gel white green appears on AlCl3
3- FeO and Fe3O4 + H2SO4
\
FeO + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2O

Fe3O4 + 4 H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + FeSO4 + 4H2O

4-Ammonia solution and carbondioxide

By adding HCl white fumes appear on ammonia solution

(B)
1- (3)
2- (2-4)
3- (6)
4- (5-6)
5- (2-7)
6- (5)
7-(6)
8- (5)

(C)
NH4 NH3- + H+
[]= 10-5
PH + POH=14
-log[10]-5 + POH = 14
5+ POH=14
POH = 14-5=9
Question (5) :-
(A)-whats meant by:-
1- point in which the neutral is medium achieved
2- process by which conc of a solution can be determined by using standard solution of
known conc
3- The rule which assumes that [] with alkene H goes to C that has more hydrogen
while X to least hydrogen
4- Galvanic cells : electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electric
energy via spontuous redox::
5- Sacrificial electrode : the active electrode that consumed when attached to another

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

one has a lower oxidation potential

6- It is the chemical decomposition of the substance due to the effect of
passing electric current in the electrolyte .

(B)
=
(0.1) 600.5
= va= 300ml
1 1
(C):-
Conc () = n . 3 = 0.42 = 7.7 1023
304
142
2.1 200 10-3 = n

Model (11)

Question (1)
(A) 1-b 2d -3-c4-c5-b-6-b
(B) 1- 3 mloes 2- 2 mloes 3- 5 mloes

Question (2):
1- CH2OH

CHOH

CH2OH
4- COOH

COOH

(C)
\11
1- C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O
4
C2H4 + H2O + (O) CH2-CH2

OH OH

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

2- CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

CH3COONa+NaOH CH4+Na2CO3
2CH4 1500\fc C2H2 +2H2
C2H2 +2H2 NI C2H4
C2H4 + H2O H2so4\120c C2H5OH
24\140
2 C2H5OH C2H5O2H5 + H2O

3- Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O

2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO3+ SO2
700
Fe2O3+3H2 2Fe + 3H2O
Fe+S FeS
Question (3)
(A) write scientific explanation :-
1- Because K.E increase so no of collision increase
2- because they are partically ionized so, you can increase degree of dissociation
3- Because they are weak acids which indicate type of medium by changing
their color
4- Because they both change to blue by adding basic medium

5- C2H5OSO3H C2H4 + H2SO4
\180
C2H5OSO3H + H2O C2H5OH + H2SO4
6- Because it give white ppt with phenol
(b) 1- 108 g 2-3F 3-0.02 ew
2- Compare
1- phenol has acidity but alcohol is neautral
2- complete reaction : reaction that goes forward only when one of products
escape
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
Incomplete : reaction where it happened in both directions under the same
medium
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

Question (4):-
(A)
2H2 + O2 2H2O
2 1

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

0.25 ?L
0.125
0.125
%O= 100= 6.25%
2
22.4 2 mol 2mol 18
0.25 ?gm
?gm= 0.20
(B)
1- CO3
2-NO2-
3- Ca++
(C)
CuO
(D) 3CuO + 2NH3 N2 + 3H2O + 3Cu
1- 22.4 2 1 28
?L 1.8gm
L=2.88
2-(63+32) 3 2mol 22.4
?gm 2.88l
gm= 18.32
18.32
3- 100=91.67%
20
% Cu= 66.3% 18.12 = 12.14

Question (5)
(A):
1- CH2OH CH2ONO2
24
CHOH + 3HNO3 CHONO2 + H2O
CH2OH
CHONO2
2- C2H5OC2H5
4
3- C2H4 + H2O + (O) CH2-CH2
OH OH

.
4-C12H22O11 + H2O 2C6H12O6
CHO

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

(CHO)4

CH2OH
5- C2H5OH

(B)
1.8 10
1- = = = 6 10 -3
0.5

2- . = 1.8 10 0.5 = 3 10-3 molar

3- PH = 2.52

(C) BACK TO TEXTBOOK

D-
2HCOOH + CaO Ca(HCOO)2 + HOH
2- C6H5COOH + NaOH C6H5COONa + HOH
3-
4- COOH
COOH + CaO (COO)2Ca + H2O
(E )
PH = 14-7.5 = 6.5
[]+ = 10-6.5 = 3.16 10-7
H3Z 3H + Z
3H+ = 3X
X = 1.05 10-7
Ksp = 27X4
= 27(1.05 10 -7 )4
= 3.3 10-27

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

First session 2006

Question (1):
A:-
1- Catalyst 2- one coulomb
3- the rate of the chemical reaction.
4- Electrolytes
5- Elements of the third transition elements
6- Bicarbonate
B:-
Cl OH
(1)

+ NaOH 300oc
+ NaCL
300 atm

OH
OH
N2O NO2

conc. + 3H2O
+ 3HNO3
H2SO4

NO2

1500oc C2H2 + 3H2

(2) 2CH4 (g)
fast cooling
Question (2):
A:-
1- 2-bromopropane (c)
H
CH3-CH=CH2 + HBr CH3 - C - CH3
Br

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

2- B- ethyne
CaC2 + 2H2O CH CH + Ca(OH)2
3- b- CO2
Na2 CO3 + 2HCL 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
4- Mixture of CO and H2 gases:
2Fe2 O3 + 3CO + 3H2 4Fe ++ 3CO2 + 3H2 O
B:-
1- 3 moles of hydrogen.
2- 2 moles of hydrogen.
C:-

[H+] [OH-] pH pOH

1x 10 -11
M 1 x 10 M
-3
11 3
1 x 10-5 M 1 x 10-9 M 5 9

Question (3):
A:-
1- because the poly nitro organic compounds contain their own fuel which is carbon beside oxygen
which is the oxidizing agent. These compounds burn rapidly and a great amount of heat and gases are
produced accompanied by explosion. This is due to the weakness of the bond (N-O) to form the two
strong bonds (C-O) in carbon dioxide and the bond (N-N) in nitrogen molecule.
2- Because this mixture gives with bauxite a melt which is characterized by a low melting point and
lower density compared to the melt obtained from cryolite.
3- Because at its oxidation state (+2), its sublevel 3d9 is partially field.
4- Because of its high hardness and its great ability to resist corrosion.
5- Because calcium carbonate salts is sparingly soluble in water.
B:- 1- by adding acidified potassium permengnate solution to each of them:
If the violet colour of KMnO4 disappear, it is ethanol
If the violet colour doesnt disappear, it is 2-methyl-2-butanol.
2- by adding dil. hydrochloric acid to each of them :
If the gas evolved turns K2Cr2O7 into green it is sodium sulphite.
If there is no reaction occur, the salt is sodium sulphate.
[HI]2 (0.7815)2
Kc = = = 50.02
C:- 1- [H2][I2] (0.1105 X 0.1105)
2 Fe(OH)3
D:- 2Fe + 3H2O + 3/2 O2
Question (4)
A- (1/e/iii) , (2/d/v) , (3/a/ii) , (4/e/i)
B- equivalent mass of copper = 63.5/2 = 31.75 g
To ppt. 31.75 g of copper 96500 coulombs
3.175 g of copper (X) coulombs
Quantity of electricity = (3.175 x 96500)/ 31.75 = 9650 coulombs.
Time = (9650 /(10x60))= 16.083 min.
C- 1- chemical equilibrium:
it is a dynamic system that takes place when the rate forward reaction equals the rate of backward reaction. The
concentrations of the reactants and products are not changed. The equilibrium position remains unchanged.
2- Ionic equilibrium:
It is the equilibrium arising between molecules of weak electrolyte and ions resulting from it.
Acidic medium Basic medium Neutral medium

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Bromothymol blue Yellow blue Green

phenolphethaline Colorless red Colorless
D- 4H2O/ 4e- LiC6/e-
Question (5)
A- 1- they are electric cell in which the energy from an external source is used to make a non spontantenous
oxidation- reduction reaction.
2- It is a process of coating a metal required to be protected from corrosion by more active metal.
3- It is the mass of substance that has ability of losing or gaining 1 mole of electrons during the chemical
reaction
4- it is the substance thats attracted to the magnetic field, due to the presence of unpaired electrons in its
d-sublevel
B- 1- calcium sulphate./ white ppt.
2- brick red color.

C-
COOH
(1) Cl H
Cl (2) OH
Cl
H H
H Cl
Cl H
H Cl

COOH
(3)
(4)
HOOC COOH COOH

Question (6)
A-
C6H14 C6 H6
Pt CH3

AlCl3 + HCl
+ CH3 Cl
heat

CH3 CH3 CH3

Cl
Fe
+ 2Cl2 +
Uv

Cl

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

NaNO + AgCl
B- NaCl + AgNO3 3
The molecular mass in grams of AgCl = 108 + 35.5 = 143.5.
The molecular mass in grams of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g\mol.
58.5 g of NaCl 143.5 g of AgCl
X g of NaCl 9.256 g of AgCl
(X) = (58.5 x 9.256) / 143.5 = 3.7733 g
% of NaCl = (3.7733 / 4) x 100 = 94.3325 %
C- And D- look at the book.
Second session 2006
Question (1)
A- 1-b 2- c 3- c 4- b 5- b 6- b
B- 1-

COOH COONa

+ NaOH + H2O
NO2

H2SO4
+ HO NO2 H2O +
50o c

Fe3O4 + H2 400 :700oc 3FeO + H2O

2Fe2O3
2- 4FeO + O2
Question (2)
A: 1- activated molecules 2- secondary cell
3- Transition elements 4- Fehlings solution
5- Sacrificial electerode
B:
1- CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2 -CH3

CH3 (3-Methyl hexane)

Br
Br (1.2 di bromobenzne)
2-

( 2-phenyl propane)
3- CH3-CH-CH3

4- CH2=CH-CH-CH2-CH3 (3-methyl-1-pentene)

CH3
Question (3)
A:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

1- Because water is neutral, the concentration of H+ equals concentration of OH-.

2 5
2- 3- 25Mn[Ar] 4s , 3d Mn+2 : [Ar] 3d5
Mn+3 : [Ar]3d4
Mn (II) ion is more stable because the 3d sublevel is half-filled So. Mn (II) is not readily oxidized to Mn (III).
3- because of increase activating molecules.
(NH4)2SO4 + Fe(OH)2
4- FeSO4 + 2NH4OH
Due to the formation of iron (II) hydroxide which is greenish-white.
Na CO + 2HCl
B:- 2 3 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
Mb = (0.1 22.4 x 1) / (25 x2 ) = 0.0448 M.
C:- 1- Glycerol : it is used in the manufacture of creams and cosmetics as a moisturizing of skin
2- formaldehyde: it is used in the manufacturing of bakalite.]
3- Toluene : it is used to prepare (T.N.T) trinitrophenol.
4- terphethalic acid : to prepare Dacron fiber.
Question (4)
A: - 1- it is a group of compounds that have the same molecular formula, chemical properties and
gradual physical properties.
2- At constant temperature the rate of the chemical reaction is directly propotional to the product of
multiplication of the reactant concentration, raised to the power of the number of molecules in the
balanced chemical equation
3- The quantity of formed or consumed material at any electrode , if it is gas or solid it is directly
proportional to the quantity of electricity that passes in the electrolytic solution.
4- They are substance that cause a change in the rate of chemical reaction without itself being
change e.g. Pt.
P(NO2)2 22 = 20
Kp = =
B:- P(N2) X P (O2)2
0.2 X 12
C:- 1-It is used an electrolyte.
2- It is prevents reversible reaction.
3- it acts as oxidizing agent.
4- it is source of electric energy and can supply drinkable water for the astronauts.
Question (5)
A:- (1/c/iv) (2,d,i) (3,a,iii)
B:- gram mass equivelant= 108/1 = 108 g
One faraday ppt. 108 g of silver
X faraday ppt. 21.6 g of silver
X= (21.6 x1)/108= 0.2 F
C:-
CH3 COOH
1-

V2 O5
2 + 3O2 2 + 2H2O
400oc

2-
Al2 (SO4)3 + 6NaOH 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3

conc. Fe2(SO4)3 + FeSO4 + 4H2 O

3- Fe3O4 + 4H2 SO4

D:- FeCL3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4CL + Fe(OH)3 redish brown ppt

Question (6)
A: - the iron corrosion increases on scratching the plating layer.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

B:-
2NaNO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HNO3
4HNO3 2H2O + 4NO2 + O2
dil.
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
C:-
1- By adding acidified potassium permengnate solution to each of them:
If the violet colour of KMnO4 disappear, it is ethene gas.
If the violet colour doesnt disappear, it is methane.
D:- look at the book.

First session 2007

Question (1):
A:-
1- (b) 10 2- (b) ammonium chloride
3- (a) green 4- (d) 19300 C
5- (b) main transition
6- (d) polyhydric
B:-
COONa

(1) + NaOH CaO + Na2CO3

heat
SO3H

conc. + H2 O
+ H2 SO4

CuCrO C2 H5OH + H2O

(2) CH3 COOH + 2H2 o 4
200 C
C2H5OH + HCL ZnCl2 C2H5CL + H2O
Question (2):
A:-
1- faradays second law 2- scandium 3- structural formula
4- the reaction total pressure 5- duralumin
B:-
Ksp = [Ba+2][SO4-2]
= [1.04 10-5] [1.04 10-5]= 1.0810-10
C:-
C6 H 5 C OC2H5 + NH3 C6 H5 C NH2

O O
D:-
- On approaching a rod wetted with hydrochloric acid to ammonia gas, while clouds are
formed
HCL +NH3 NH4 CL
Question (3):

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

A:-
1- C6H14 C6H6 + 4H2
Pt
2- (COO)2Fe FeO + CO2 + CO
no air
3- Mg(HCO3 )2 MgCO3 + H2O + CO3
4- FeCO3 FeO + CO2
B:-
35.45
The equivalent mass of chlorine = 1 = 35.45 g

10* 20 * 60 * 35.45
The mass of chlorine = 96500 = 4.4 g
The number of chlorine moles = 4.4/70.9 = 0.062 mole.
The volume of chlorine at STP= 0.06222.4 = 1.3888 liter.
C:- 1-
H

H C COOH

HO C COOH

H C COOH

H H H CH3 H

H C C C C C H

2- H CL H
D:-
It cant be consumed like the other galvanic cells, because it is supplied with fuel from an
external source.
Question (4):
A:- 1- galvanic cell or Daniel cell
2- Spontaneous reaction.
3- (B) pole has higher oxidation potential.
Because it is the negative pole of the cell ( the anode) and the oxidation
process occurs always at the anode which loses electrons
B:-
1- because hydrogen atom is attracted to the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom of the water
molecule and connected to a water molecule by a coordinate bond.

2- Because benzene ring effects the bond between the carbon atoms of benzene ring in phenol and
the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group. This makes the bond shorter and stronger.

3- Because they are unsaturated open chain hydrocarbons which contain at least one triple bond. One
of the triple bond is strong sigma bond, while the other two bonds are weak (pi) bond and easily
broken.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

4- Because it is an inert substance. So, the body doesnt eject it and doesnt cause any type of
poisoning.

C:-
_ the larger number of the reacting molecules, the greater chance of collision and the
greater of the reaction rate.
_ the Norwegian scientist wage and Goldberg established a law expressing the
relationship between velocity of the chemical reaction and the concentration of the
reactants.
Question (5):
A: - 1- 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl heptane.
2- 4-chloro-1-butene.
3- 4-bromo-1,2-dichlorobenzene.
B: - Only one mole of the reactant gas.
- the reactants will increase with increasing the pressure.
C: -
Cations of the first analytical group Cations of the second analytical group
- precipitate in the form of chlorides. - precipitate in the form of sulphitdes in
- the group indicator is dil. Hcl the acidic medium.
- the group indicator is (Hcl + H2S)
D: -
Fe2O3 2Fe
(55.8 2) + (1655.8)
159.6 g 111.6 g
? ion 1 ton
159.6 g 1 ton
Mass of Fe2O3 = 111.6 g = 1.43 ton
Hematite Fe2O3
100 ton 54 ton
? ton 1.43 ton
100 1.43 = 2.648 ton
Mass of hematite = 54
Question (6):
A:- 1- it is used in the preparation of explosive substance.
NO2

+ HNO3 conc. H2SO4 + H2O

2-

B: -
1- NaOH + HcL NaCL + H2O
10 0.1
Number of moles of HCL= 1000 = 0.001 mole
Number of moles of NaOH = 0.001 mole
The mass of one mole of NaOH = 23+16+1=40 g/mol

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

0.04 100%
The mass of NaOH in the mixture = 0.2 = 20%
2- By adding sodium hydroxide solution to the salt solution of aluminum, a white gelatinous ppt.
is formed, which dissolves in excess of NaOH.
_ Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3
_ Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
3- (OH-) ion is responsible for the detection of aluminum Al +3 cation.
C:-
1- It is the maximum water vapour pressure in air at a certain temperature.
2- The change in any conditions of a system under equilibrium such as concentration,
temperature or pressure, the system activated to direction which decreases or cancels the
effect of change.
3- It is a method of preparation of benzene by passing of a normal hexane at high
temperature on the surface of platinum as a catalyst.
Second session 2007
Question (1):
A:-
1- rate of chemical reaction. 2- PH value
3- electrolytic cell 4- Ammonolysis
5- soda lime
6- reversible reaction
B:-
OH

Zn
1- + ZnO

2- 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 +SO3

3- 4HNO3 2H2O + 4NO2 + O2
1000 OC
4- CH4 2H2 + C
no air
Question (2):
A:-
1- (c) 2- (b) 3- (d) 4- (c) 5- (a) 6- (c)
B:-
1- Manufacture of carpets, cans or plastic cases.
2- measuring the potentials of other elements electrodes.
3- indicator.
C:-

1- naphthalene C10H8

2- Cyclopropane C3H6
Question (3):
1- because many of them are present in fats in forms of ester with glycerol.
2- because it is a salt of a weak acid and a strong base, in the hydrolysis of sodium carbonate
salt, carbonic acid, sodium ions and hydroxide ions are formed. The solution becomes alkaline
and turns litmus paper blue.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

3- Due to the presence of the 3d unpaired electrons which may be used in the formation of bonds
between the atoms of the metal surface and the reacting molecules leading to an increase in the
concentration of these molecules at the surface of the catalyst, so the activation energy decreases
which helps to increase the speed of the reaction.
4- due to the presence of strong sigma
Bond between their carbon atoms.
B:-
AgCl + -
Ag + Cl
Ksp= [Ag+][Cl-]=10-5
C:-
(1) The total reaction in the fuel cell:
2H2+O2 2H2O E= 1.23 v
The total reaction in the mercury cell:
Zn + HgO ZnO + Hg E= 1.35 v
(2) Reduction reaction in the blast furnace:
C + O2 CO2
CO2 + C 2CO
3CO + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO2
Reduction reaction in the midrex furnace :
2CH4+CO2+H2O 3CO+5H2
2Fe2O3+CO+3H2 4Fe+3CO2+3H2O
Question (4):
A:- Look at the book.
B:-
1- FeCl3+ 3NH4SCN Fe(SCN)3+3NH4CL
2 - C6H12O6 yeast 2C2H5OH+2CO2
zymase enzyme
3 - CaC2+2H2O C2H2+Ca(OH)2
4 - C2H5OH Conc.H 2SO4 C2H4+H2O
180oc
Question (5):
A:- (1/c) , (2/b) , (3/a)
B:- 1 Aspirin
2- ethylene glycol
C:-a
dil 2NaCl+H2O+CO2
1 - Na2CO3 +2HCL
2 - CO2 +Ca(OH)2 S.T CaCO3 +H2O
o
500 c
1 - 3Fe+4H2O Fe3O4+4H2
2 - Fe3O4+4H2SO4 FeSO4+Fe2(SO4)3+4H2O
Conc
Magnetic iron oxide is formed which reacts with hot conc . sulphuric acid forming acid forming
iron (II) .
D:-
2HCL+Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 +H2O
2mol 1mol
Va Ma Nb 0.5*25*1
Mb= = = 0.3125 M
na V b 20*2
Question (6):
A:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

1- CaC2+2H2O C2H2+Ca(OH)2

H2 SO4 (40%) CH3CHO

C2H2 +H2O
HgSO4 (60oc)
2 - Ca(OH)2+2NH4 Cl CaCl2 +2H2O
+2NH3
NH3+CH3 COOC2H5 CH3 CONH2 +C2H5 OH
B:-
1- it is a glass U-shaped tube filled with electrolyte solution. Its ions dont react with the ions present
in the two half cells, as well as with the electrode materials of the galvanic cell.
2- they are saturated hydrocarbons which contain three or more carbon atoms may be found in cyclic
structure.
3- it is the quantity of electricity which if it is passed for one second in a solution of silver ions, 1.118
mg of silver is precipitated.
4- it is a process of treatment the fine particles of iron ore obtained from crushing process in a larger
size to be similar and homogenous particles fit for reduction process.
C:-
1- it is possible to know the constituent of a soil and rock to decide, whether the soil is suitable or not
for cultivation.
2- it is possible to accelerate most of the slow reaction by using catalysts which increase the reaction
rate without raising the temperature.

First session 2008

Question (1):
A:-
1- d 2- c 3- b 4- c 5- d 6- d
B: - 1-
CH3 CH3
C Br + KOH C OH + KBr
CH3 CH3
H H
CH3 CH3
C OH
(O)
C O
CH3 -H2O
CH3
H
2-
CH3 COOH

V 2O 5 + 2H2O
2 + 3O2 2
400oC

COOH COOC2H5

HCL
+ C2 H5OH dry + H 2O
Question (2):-
A:- 1- chemical equilibrium in reversible reactions.
2- electrolytic cells 3- urea
B:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

- the mass of water of crystallization in the sample= 1.47-1.11=0.36 g

- each 1.11 g of anhydrous (CaCl 2) binds with 0.36 g water of crystallization.
- the molecular mass of (CaCl2)= (35.52)+40= 111 g
- 1.11 g CaCl2 binds with 0.36 g water of crystallization.
- X (mass of water of crystallization)
=(1110.36)/1.11= 36 g
- the no. of molecules= 36/18=2
C:-
1- it separates between the anode and cathode but it allowes ions to pass through it.
2- they are used in air conditions and fridges and as a rushed substance to be added to liquid and
perfumes. They are also used as a cleaner of electronic sets.
Question 3:
A:-
1- Because catalyst decreases the activation energy required to accelerate reversible and irreversible
reaction at the same time.
2- Due to the strong metallic bond which is formed due to the overlapping of both (4s) and (3d)
electrons.
3- Because the carbinol group of tertiary alcohol is not attached to any hydrogen atoms.
4- Because its concentration remains constant whatever its amount changes.
B:-
1- Mass of hydrogen = 58-48=10 g
Number of carbon moles= 48/12=4
Number of hydrogen moles= 10 mol.
The molecular formula of the hydrogen is C4H10.
2- the structural formula for the two isomers are :
H H H H H
H H

H C C C H H C C C C H

H CH3 H H H H H

C:-
1- chromium 2- Nickel
D:- it reduces the activation energy.
Question (4):-
A:-

H H H
CH2 H
NO2 OH

C O
2- 3- H C C C C H
1-
(CHOH)3
Cl
H CH3 CH3 H
CH2 OH
B:- the quantity of electricity = current strength* time= I*40*60 =3.7*96500 so,
I=3.7*96500/40*60= 1.4877 ampere.
C:-
-it is a group of atoms which combine together by a certain way to form a part of the molecule;
however its activity overcomes all the other properties of the all molecule

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

- They are chemical substance which change their colores in the reaction medium to detect the end
point of the reaction.
- at constant temp the rate of the chemical reaction is directly proportional to the multiplication of the
reactant concentration each is raised to the power of the no of molecules or ions in the balanced
chemical equation.
D:- Look at the book.
Question (5)
A:- 1-
a- C2H2 + H2O H2 SO4 40% CH3CHO
HgSO4 60oc

b- C2H2+HBr H 2C CHBr HBr CH3 CHBr

c-
SO3 H

+ H2SO4 conc.

2- it used in preparation of acetic acid(ethanoic)

B:-
1-N2S2O3 + 2HCL 2NaCL + H2O + SO2 + S
2- No, since the yellow suspension disturbs vision.
C:- by adding NH4OH solution.
FeSO4+2NH4OH (NH4)2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 greenish white ppt
FeCL3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4CL + Fe(OH)3 redish brown ppt
D:-
1- he formulated a rule which state that:
The change of any conditions of the chemical equilibrium such as concentration, temp and pressure
cause shift equilibrium in the direction oppose this change.
2- make medium solution acidic.
3- decreases the melting point of the mixture.
Question (6)
A:- required substance for the preparation of aspirin:
1- salicylic acid 2- acetic acid
O
O
C OH
C OH
+ CH3COOH + H2O
OH COOCH3
2- Required substance for the preparation of picric acid:
1- phenol 2- mixture of conc. Nitric and sulphuric acids.
OH OH
O2N NO2
+ HNO3 conc. H2SO4

NO2
B:-
HCN + H2O H3O+ + CN-
Ka= 2 C
7.2 10-10 = 2 0.1
2 =7.2 10-10 / 0.1 = 72 10-10 = 72 10 10= 8.5 10-5
C:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

1- the masses of different materials formed or consumed by the same amount of electricity are
proportional to their equivalent masses.
2- a blood color is formed :
FeCl3 + 3NH4 SCN 3NH4 CL + Fe(SCN)3 blood red
3- two salts of iron (II),(III) sulphates are formed which prove that magnetic iron oxide is a mixed
oxide.
3Fe + 2O2 Fe3 O4

Fe3O4+4H2 SO4 FeSO4 +Fe2(SO4)3 +4H2O

conc
4- white ppt is formed, which turns violet when exposed to the light.
NaCL + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCL white ppt
Second session 2008
Question (1)
A:-
1- diamagnetic substance.
2- the standard hydrogen electrode.
3- ammonolysis
4- isomerism
5- ionization process
6- cell potential (electromotive force)
1-
C2H 4 + H 2O 110o c C2 H5 OH
H2SO4

2 C2H5OH 140o c C2 H5 OC2H5

conc. H2SO4
2- COONa

+ NaOH + Na2CO3

CH3

+ CH3CL AlCL3 + HCL

anhydrous

B:-

Question (2)
A:- 1- a 2- b 3- c 4- d
1-
Complete reaction Reversible reaction
1- Proceeds in one direction 1- Proceeds in both directions
because one of the products forward and backward.
escapes from the system.
2- The products can not combine 2- Both the reactants and products
with each other once more are always found in the reaction
reforming the reactants. medium.

Addition polymerization Condensation polymerization

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

- it takes place by adding a huge - it takes place between two different 2-

number of unsaturated small monomers and accompanied by
molecules to each other to form a losing a simple molecule such as
very large molecule. water to form copolymer which
continues the polymerization.

C:-

NH3 + H2O NH4 + + OH-

the ionization degree of the weak base is a small value which can be neglected
[NH3 ] at equilibrium= [NH3] before equilibrium = Cb
[NH4+] [OH-] so, [OH-] = [NH4+]
Kb =
[NH3]
[OH-]2 [OH-]= kb* Cb
Kb =
Cb

Question (3)
A: - 1) 3-Ethyl-1-hexyne. 2) 2-phenyl propane.
B: -
55.86 atomic mass
= 18.62 grams = Equivalent mass of iron =
3 valence
mass of depositedsubstance x 96500
Equivalent mass
5.6 x 96500
Quantity of electricity (coulomb) = = 29022.55 Coulombs
18.62
C:-

(1) Iron (III) chloride Aluminum sulphate

By adding sodium hydroxide reddish brown ppt is formed Gelatinous white ppt is
solution formed and dissolved in
excess NaOH
FeCL3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4CL + Fe(OH)3 reddish brown ppt

Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3

Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O

(2) Sodium nitrite Sodium nitrate

By adding dil. Hydrochloric Colorless gas evolves which no reaction takes place
acid : turns reddish-brown at the
mouth of test tube.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

NaNO2 + HCL NaCL + HNO2

3HNO2 HNO3 + H2O + 2NO
2NO + O2 2NO2

Question (4):

A:-

1- This is attributed to association of carboxylic acid molecules by hydrogen

bonds; each acid molecule is linked to another molecule by two hydrogen bonds, while alcohols are
linked by only one hydrogen bond.
2- Because it retains its hardness at the high temp.
3- because of formation of sulpher suspension in the solution.
1- N2S2O3 + 2HCL 2NaCL + H2O + SO2 + S
B:- molar mass of CaCO3= 40+12+(163)= 100 g/mol
No. of reacted moles of acid= 20.01=0.02 mol volume of acid=0.02/0.1=0.2 l= 200 ml

C:- 1- 1 mol of H2
2-
H H H H H H H H

KMnO4 H
H C C C C H + H2O + [O] C C C C H
alkaline medium

H CH3 H CH3 OH OH
D:-
1- To detect the point at which complete reaction takes place (end point).
2- Rays emitted from it which used for diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
Question (5)

A-
drawing: look at your book.
1- 2C2H2 + 5 O2 4 CO2 + 2 H2O + heat

B:- Excess amount of air

Feo / Fe+2 // Ni+2 / Nio

Anode Cathode
The current pass from the anode Fe to
cathode Ni
C:-

1- 4FeO + O2 2Fe2O3
o
3Fe2O3 +CO 230-300 c 2Fe3O4 + CO2

2- Na2 S + 2HCL 2NaCL + H2 S

H2 S + (CH3COO)2Pb 2CH3 COOH + PbS

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

D:-

1- Nature of the reactants. 2- Concentration of the reactants.

3- Pressure. 4- Reaction temperature.
5- Catalyst. 6- Light.
Question (6)
A:-
H2O/H 2SO440% [O]
C2H2 CH3CHO CH3COOH 2H2/CuCrO4 C2H5OH
HgSO4 60oc o
200 c

O NH3 CH3COOH
NH2 CH3COOC2H5
CH3 C H2SO4

[ PCl ] [ PCl5 ] [ PCl5 ]

B:- Equilibrium constant Kc= 5 = = 15.75
[Cl ] [PCl ] 0.252
2 3
[0.3] [0.84 ]
The concentration of [ PCl 5] = 15.75 x 0.252 = 3.969 mole/liter.
C:- 1- Ostwald 2- Faraday 3- Kekule 4- Wohler
First session 2009
A:- 1- c 2- a 3- a 4- b 5- c 6- c
B:-
1- H H H H H H

1- H C = C C H + HBr HCCCH

H H Br H

H H H H H H

Aqueous
H C C C H + KOH H C C C H + KBr

H Br H H OH H

COOH COONa

+ NaOH + H2O

COONa

+ NaOH CaO + Na2CO3

2-

Question (2):
A:-
1- ionic product of water 2- marookh oil
3- activation energy 4- Catalyst
5- ammonolysis
B:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
1- NaI + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgI
2- silver iodide
3- I-
4- precipitation reaction.
5- Ag- + I- AgI
C:-
1- citric acid is added to the frozen fruits to retain their color and taste and prevents the growth of
bacteria on food.
2- ZnS is used in manufacturing illuminating paints and X- ray secreens.

Question (3)
A:-
1- it is substance composed of two metals or more or from a metal and other non-metals.
2- it is the result of multiplication of the concentration of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion that produced
from ionization of water which is constant value and equals 10-14 mol/l.
B:-
1- B0 / B+2// A+2 /A0
2- e.m.f = standard oxidation potential of anode - standard oxidation potential of cathode.
= 0.7 (-0.3) = 1 volt.
3- An electric current is produced because the e.m.f is positive value and the reaction inside the cell is
spontaneous.
C:-
1- 2C2H5 OH conc.H2SO4 C2H5OC2H5
140oc
2- 2Fe + 3CL2 2FeCL3
CH3

3- + CH3CL AlCl3 + HCL

anhydrous

D:-
1-
Lead acid battery Lithium ion battery
Reaction at anode Pb + SO4-2 LiC C6 + Li+1+ e-
PbSO4+2e-
2- The solution of phenol in water forms a violet colour with FeCl 3, while it forms a white ppt. with
bromine.
Question (4)
A:-
1- Because the nitro group NO2 is meta directing group.
NO2 NO2

+ CL2 Fe + HCL
dark
CL
2- In cyclopropane the angle between the bonds equal 60 which is less than 109 that is found in
normal alkanes, the overlap in cyclopropane is weak thus the combination between carbon
atoms is weak, therefore it is very active.
3- Due to sequence of electrons losing from 4s, 3d sublevels which are close in energy.
4- Due to formation of a non-porous layer of oxide which prevents continuing its reaction with acid.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

HOOC COOH
B:- 1-
OH
OH

2- OH
3- Fe3C

C:- Quantity of electricity =electric current intensity x time

= 9.65x5x60 =2895 coulombs.
Equivalent mass of Al = atomic mass/valency
= 37/3=9 gm
96500 coulombs 9 gm Al
2895 coulombs x
x= 2895x9/96500= 0.27 gm Al
27 gm Al 1 mole Al
0.27 gm Al x mole Al
0.27 x1
x= 0.01 mole Al
27
Question (5)
A:-
1- To absorb water and prevent the reversible reaction
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
2- Water is weak electrolyte, the conc. Of H+ is very weak and is unable to break down
The double bond therefore sulphuric acid is added to ethene to increase the
Concentration of H+ required breaking the double bond.
B:-
1- By passing an electric current in each of them:
Electric conductivity of dil acid is mor than pure acid, in case of dil acetic acid the lamp gives
more illumination in case of pure acetic acid the lamp gives less illumination.
2- By adding FeCL3 solution:
If the violet colour is formed, it is phenol.
If no violet colour is formed it, is ethanol.
3- By adding acid solution to both solution:
If the colour turns colourless, the solution is phenolphethalene.
If the colour turns red the solution is litmus.
4- By adding NaOH solution:
If a greenish-white ppt. is formed the cation is iron (II). If a reddish brown ppt. is formed the
cation is iron (III).
C:-
[H3O ] K a C a = 1.8 105 0.2 = 1.8897x10-3 molar.
Question (6):
A:- look at your book.

B:-
Complete reaction Reversible reaction

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

1- Proceeds in one direction 1- Proceeds in both directions

because one of the products forward and backward.
escapes from the system. 2- Both the reactants and products
2- The products can not combine are always found in the reaction
with each other once more medium.
reforming the reactants.
the first ionization potential is relatively small.
- Alo Al+3
[Ne], 3s2, 3p1 [Ne], 3s2
the second ionization potential is very high.
- Al+3 Al+4
2-
2 2
1s ,2s ,2p 6 1s2 ,2s2,2p5

C: - because hydrochloric acid is more stable than nitrous acid (derived from NO 2-) ion and less
stable than nitric acid (derives from NO3-) ion.
D: - LiCl.2H2O
Molar mass of LiCl.2H2O= (35.5 +7) + (182)= 78 g
Mass percentage of water crystallization= 36/78.5100%=48.86%
Question (1):
A:-
1 - (d) 11
2 - (c) 5
3 - (b) ion whose charge +2
4 - (d) increasing pressure
5 - (c) 3F
6 - (d) Sodium sulphate and barium chloride
B:-
1 - CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa+H2O
CH3COONa+NaOH Na2CO3+CH4

2-
Cl OH

+NaOH 300oc
300 atm +NaCL

OH
OH
NO2 NO2
+3HNO3 Conc
H2SO4 +3H2O

NO2
Question (2):-
A:-
1 - Enzymes
2 - Faraday
3 -Isomerism

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 SAAD RASHED
EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

4 -Law of mass action

5 - Alkylation

B:-
1-

H H H H
KMnO4
H C C H + H2O +(O) alkaline
H C C H
medium
OH OH
- With ethylene gas the violet color disappears
- With methane gas the violet color doesnt disappear
2 - By adding potassium permanganate solution acidified by conc. sulphuric acid.

Nitrite Nitrate
The violet color of permanganate disappears No reaction take place

5NaNO2+2KMnO4+3H2SO4 5NaNO3+K2SO4+2MnSO4+3H2O
C:-
1- 2-Butyne
2- 2 mol H2
3- normal butane

Question (3):
A:-
1- Because ammonium chloride salt is derived from strong acid and weak alkali
NH4 Cl+H2O NH4 OH+H+Cl-
Weak alkali strong acid
The concentration of OH- ions decreases due to being its consumed in the formation of weak alkali and
concentration of H+ ions increases causing acidic effect.

2- Because lead acid battery can be recharged by connecting it with outer electric source , its e.m.f Slightly
higher than that of lead acid battery ,that leads to the reverse of chemical reaction inside lead acid battery
charging
2PbSO4+2H2O Pb+PbO2+4H++2SO2-
discharging
3- Because (3d) sublevel is completely filled with electrons either in the atomic state or the only (+2) oxidation
state

4- Due to reduction of potassium dichromate solution to chromium (III) sulphate solution of green color
K2Cr2O7+3SO2+H2SO4 K2SO4+Cr2(SO4)3+H2O

B:-
0.45
No. of reacting moles of acid = 90 = 0.0055 mol

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 SAAD RASHED
EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
20
No. of reacting moles of NaOH = 1000 *0.5 = 0.01 mol

react
0.005 mol (acid) with 0.01 mol (NaOH)
1 mol (acid) ? Mol (NaOH)
0.01
No. of reacting moles of NaOH = 0.005 = 2 mol

C:-
1-Substance (a) trinitrotoluene

2- Substance (b) Halothane

3- Substance (c) acetyl salycilic acid

Question (4):
A:-
1- CaC2+2H2O C2H2 +Ca(OH)2
2- 3Fe+4H2O 500 Fe3O4+4H2
3- SO3+H2 O H2SO4
4- HCL+H2O H3O++Cl-

B:-
Ka 7.2*10-10
= C = 0.2 =6*10-5

c:-
1- Markownikoff's rule :
On adding an asymmetric reagent to an asymmetric alkene, the postivie part of the reagent is added to the
carbon atom which carries a large number of hydrogen atoms and the negative part is added to the carbon atom
which carries less number of hydrogen atoms.

2- First Farady's law :

The quantity of formed or consumed material at any electrode if it is gas or solid is directly proportional to the
quantity of electricity, that passes in the electrolytic solution.

3- Polyhydric alcohol :
It is an alcohol which is attached to many hydroxyl groups.

4- Incomplete (Weak) ionization :

It is a process in which a small fraction of molecules is ionized which happens in weak electrolytes.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Question (5):
A:-
dil FeCl2 +H2
1- Fe+2HCL
The reaction is complete because it is accompanied by escaping one of the products from reaction medium in
form of gas evolves
2- Because oxygen of water has lone pair of electrons , acts as donor , forms coordinate bond with H+ions of the
acid which has vacant orbital , acts as acceptor from hydronium ion H3O+
H2O+H+ H3O+
2
3- 25Mn[Ar] 4s , 3d5 Mn+2 : [Ar] 3d5
Mn+3 : [Ar]3d4
Mn (II) ion is more stable because the 3d sublevel is half-filled So. Mn (II) is not readily oxidized to Mn (III).
4- Because when it is connected to an external source of direct electric current whose potential is slightly higher
than the potential produced from the battery , oxidation reactions are converted into reduction reactions and
vice versa.

B:- Compare between

1- Sulphuric acid is more stable than hydrochloric acid, because it replaces it in its salt solutions.
2-
a- TiO2 : It used in the manufacture of sun protection cosmetics.
b- MnO2 : It is used as a strong oxidizing agent.
C:- ( Look at your book )
Question(6):
A:-
1- Potassium hydroxide acts as an electrolyte in mercury cell.
2- Forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules and prevents their combination with each other in the form of
ice crystals.
3- Acts as a standard electrode, its potential equals zero volt, used to measure the potential of other element.
4- This mixture gives with bauxite a melt which is characterized by a low melting point and lower density value,
that facilitates separation of melted aluminum which forms a deposited in the bottom of the electrolysis cell.
5- Change the rate of chemical reaction without itself being changed or change equilibrium position. (Or
decrease the time required to reach equilibrium state Or decrease the activation energy).

B:-
[HI]2
Kc=
[H2][I2]
The reaction is endothermic . As the value of Kc increase, the concentration of products increase, with the
increasing of the temperature, therefore the reaction is endothermic.

C:-
1- Acetylene (ethyne) gas
2- Iron (II) carbonate
3- Zinc Sulphide

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

First session 2010

Question (1)
A:- 1- d 2- a 3- b 4- d 5- c 6- d
B:-
CH3 CH3
C Br + KOH C OH + KBr
CH3 CH3
H H
CH3 CH3
C OH
(O)
C O
CH3 -H2O
CH3
H
OH

+ Zn Zn

H CL
H
H
uv Cl
+ 3Cl2 CL
H
Cl
Cl
H
H Cl
Question (2)

A:- 1- 3ethyl-1-hexyne. 2- 2-phenyl propane.

3- 2,3 dimethyl butanoic acid. 4- phenyl propanoat.

P2(NH3 ) (0.6)2
B:- 1- KP = 3
= 3
4.4 x 10 4
P (N2 )P (H2 ) (2.3) (7.1)
KP<1 the equilibrium shift backward.
2- NH4Cl < NaCl < CH3COONa.
C:-
1- because orbitals of sublevel (d) in K+ and Cl- ions are empty (d0).
2- colorless 3- yellow
4- Due to reduction of potassium permanganate to manganese (II) sulphate which is
colorless.
5NaNO2 + 2KMnO 4 + 3H2 SO 4 5NaNO3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO 4 + 3H2 O
D:-
1- Add acidified potassium dichromate to the same amount of three solutions that the mixture
in the bath for 10 min. if the color changes from orange to green the solution is ethanol.
Add iron (III) chloride to the three solutions if violet color appears the solution is phenol.
Acidity test : add sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, if effervescence takes place and CO2
gas is evolved which turns lime water turbid, the solution is acetic acid.
2- 1- chromium is used to plate other metals and leather tanning.
2- iron (II) sulphate is used in detection of NO3- ion in brown-ring test in presence of
conc. Sulphuric acid.
Question (4)
A:-
H H H H

H C C H H C O C H

H H H H
2- 2C2H5OH conc.H2SO4 C2H5OC2H5
140oc

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
3- 2C2H 5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2
B:- 1-
1-
Indicator Colour in acidic medium Colour in basic medium
Phenolphthalein Colourless Red
Litmus Red Blue
2-
Experiment Ammonium thiocyanate Sodium hydroxide
Adding FeCl3 solution Blood red color is formed Reddish brown ppt. is formed
2- sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
dil 2NaCl+H2O+CO2
1 - Na2CO3 +2HCL
C:-
1- connects between the solution of the two half cells.
Neutralize both the positive and negative charges produced in the solution of the two half cells.
2- form galvanic cells which cause corrosion of the more active metal.
Question (5)
A:-
O
CuCrO4
CH3 C OH + 2H2 200oc C2H5OH

COOH + C2H5OH HCl

COOC2H5 + H2O

COOC2H5 + NH3 CONH2 + C2H5OH

B:- 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + H2O

M1 V1 = M2 V2 0.5 25 M2 20

Ma Mb 2 1
0.5 25 1
M2 (conc. of Ca(OH)2)= = 0.312 mole/liter.
2 20
2- molar mass of Al2O3= (227)+(316)=102 g/mol
Al2O3 2Al
102 g 54 g
1 ton ? ton
54
Mass of Al (in ton) in Al2O3 = 102 = 0.53 ton = 530 kg
100
Mass of Al (in ton) in bauxite = 400 = 0.25 ton = 250 kg
C:- 1- Recharging is done by connecting the battery to an outside source of
electricity whose potential is slightly higher than the potential of the
battery, this will cause:
a- The reversing of all the reactions taking place at the electrodes
which result in changing PbSO4 to Pb and PbO2 again.
b- The conc. of H2SO4 returns back to its original level.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Reversible reaction for discharging and recharging:

2PbSO4 + 2H2O Charging Pb + PbO2 + 2SO4-2 + 4H+
2- it is the process of treatment of fine particles of iron ore obtained from crushing
process or in cleaning furnace to collect them in a large size to be similar and
homogenous particles fit for reduction process.
3- the change in any condition of a system under equilibrium such as concentration,
temp or pressure the equilibrium shift in the direction oppose this change.
Question (6)
A:- 1- Markownikoffs rule. 2- anode
3- group of barium chloride solution
4- anodic protection 5- Bromothymol blue.
B:- 1-
Substitution alloys Interstitial alloys

They are formed when atoms of the added
element occupy the spaces between the
atoms in crystal lattice of pure metal.
Formed as a result of a chemical
combination between metals of a different
groups in the periodic table and chemical
formula of these compounds disobey the law
of valency.

2-
Silver bromide Silver iodide
- Yellowish white salt. - Yellow white.
- dissolves slowly in conc. Ammonia solution. - doesnt dissolves slowly in conc. Ammonia
solution.
1- 4HNO3 2H2O + 4NO2 + O2
2- 2NO2 cooling N2O4 + heat
3- LiC6 + CoO2 discharge C6 + LiCoO2
uv CH3Cl + HCl
C:- 4- CH4 + Cl2
Second session 2010
A:- 1- c 2- c 3- c 4- c 5- d 6- c
B:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
1- Cl

FeCl3
+ Cl2 uv + HCl

Cl OH

o
+ NaOH 300 c + NaCl
300 atm

2-
conc. H2SO4 C H + H O
C2H5 OH 2 4 2
180oc

C2H4 + H2O + [O] KMnO4 CH2 CH2

alkaline medium

OH OH
Question (2)
A:- 1- concentration= no. of moles / volume in litres
2- Standard hydrogen potential
3- Gram equivalent mass
4- Polyvinyl chloride
B:-

CaF2 Ca+2 + 2F-

KSP = [Ca+2] [F-]2
When [Ca+2] = X, [F-] = 2X
Ksp = (X)(2X)2
4X3 = 3.9 10-11
3
X= 9.753.9 10 12= 2.13610-4
[Ca+2] = 2.13610-4 [F-] = 4.2710

1- citric acid
H

H C COOH

HO C COOH

H C COOH

H
2- Marookh oil

COOCH3

OH C:-

3- Butanoic acid - buteric acid

CH3CH2CH2COOH

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Question (3)
A:-
1- Because aspirin is acetyl salicylic acid and the acetyl group in aspirin decreases the acidic effect of
salicylic acid and make it tastless.
2- because it is changed to colorless sodium iodide compound.
2Na2S2O 3 + I2 2NaI + Na2S4O 6
3- due to increasing the amount of water produced from discharge reaction.
4- Due to forming a galvanic cell between the original metal and impurities where the more active
metal corroded.
B: - number of moles of H2SO4 = 100.1/1000 = 0.001 mole
- the balanced equation shows that: the no. of moles of CaCO 3= the no. of moles of H2SO4.
- One mole of CaCO3= 40+12+ (316) = 100 g/mol
- mass of CaCO3 in the sample = 100 0.001 = 0.1 g
- % of CaCO3 in the impure sample = 0.1/0.2 100% = 50%
C:-
hydrolysis C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
1- C12H22O11 + H2O
C6H12O6 yeast 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
zymase enzym
OH

+ Zn Zn
2-

Question (4)
A:-
1- these galvanic cell are characterized by reversible chemical reactions and store the
electrical energy as chemical energy which can be converted once to electrical energy when it is
needed and can be recharged by passing an electric current from an external source between
their poles in a direction opposite to the discharge process (e.g. alkaline nickel-cadmium
battery).
2- it is a dynamic system that takes place when the rate of forward reaction equals the
rate of the backward reaction. The concentration of the products and the reactants are not
changed.
The equilibrium position remains unchanged since all reactants and products are
still found in the system (no gas evolves, no precipitate is deposited) and as long as the
reaction conditions such as temperature and pressure are not changed.
CH3 COOC2 H5 + H2 O
e.g. H3C COOH + C2H5OH
3- They are substance that cause a change in the rate of chemical reaction without
itself being change e.g. Pt or Ni.
C2H4 + H2 Ni or Pt C2H6
4- Coating the metal required to be protected from corrosion by a metal which more
active. E.g. galvanization of iron ( plating iron by zinc ).
B:- CH3OH < C6H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5COOH < HCl

C:- 1-
(1) Iron (II) chloride Aluminum sulphate
By adding sodium hydroxide reddish brown ppt is formed Gelatinous white ppt is
solution formed and dissolved in
excess NaOH

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

FeCL3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4CL + Fe(OH)3 redish brown ppt

Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3

Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O

2-
(2) Sodium carbonate Sodium bicarbonate
By adding magnesium White ppt. is formed on cold White ppt. is formed after
sulphate solution. heating.
Na2CO3 + MgSO4 Na2 SO4 + MgSO4

2NaHCO3 + MgSO4 Na2SO4 + Mg(HCO3)2

Mg(HCO3 )2 MgCO3 + H2O + CO2
D:- 1- Compound (A) is an alcohol/C2H5OH
Compound (B) is an organic acid/CH3COOH
conc.H2SO4 CH3 COOC2H5 + H2O
2- H3C COOH + C2H5OH
Question (5)
A:- 1- faraday 2- heber-bosch 3- le-chatelier
B:- 1- Pt + H2 ( 1 atm) / 2H+ (1M)
2- toluene 3- 2,3-dimethyl pentane
C:- (1) left back ward
(P NO2)2
2
(2) KP = (P N2) (P O2) = (2)2/ 0.212 = 20
D:- look at your book.
Question (6)
A:-
1- Second transition series occupies the 5th period, while third transition series occupies the 6th
period.
2- the color of methyl orange in basic medium is yellow, while that of phenolphthalein is
red.
3- Acetic acid is from incomplete ionized weak acids, which its ionization affected by dilution.
H3C COOH + H2O CH3 COO- + H O+
3
B: - (1) Time=quantity of electricity / intensity of current = 10500/25= 420 sec. = 7 min
(2) Time = mass of deposited Ag96500 / equivalent weight of Ag I= 21.9 96500 /
10810= 1956.8 sec. = 32.6 minuts
C:- 1- 3,4-diethyl octane 2- 2- phenyl butane
First session 2011
A:- 1- c 2- d 3- c 4- d 5- a 6- c

B:-
Cl OH

o
+ NaOH 300 c + NaCl
300 atm

OH OH
O2N NO2
H2SO4
+ 3HNO3 + 3H2O
conc.

NO2

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
aqueous KBr + C2H5OH
C2H5Br + KOH
boiling

ZnCl2 C2H5Cl + H2O

C2H5OH + HCl
Question (2)
A:- 1- qualitative analysis 2- sintering process 3- Activation energy
4- saturated solution 5- Ampere
B:- Ca3(po4)2 3Ca+2 + 2PO4+3
KSP= [Ca ] [PO4 ] = [110-8]3[0.510-3]2= 2.510-31
+2 3 +3 2

C:-
COOH COONa

+ NaOH + H2O

CH3

+ CH3CL AlCl3 + HCL

anhydrous

CH3 CH3
O2N NO2
H2SO4
+ HNO3 conc. + 3H2O

NO2
Question (3)
A:- 1- sulphide anion:
H2 S + (CH3COO)2Pb 2CH3 COOH + PbS
2- Iron (III) cation Fe+3:
FeCL3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4CL + Fe(OH)3 redish brown ppt

3- Aluminum cation Al+3:

Al2(SO4 )3 + 6NaOH 3Na2 SO4 + 2Al(OH)3

Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O

B:- NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

M1 V1 = M2 V2
Ma Mb
0.1 15 M2 25

1 1
0.1 15
M2 = = 0.06 mole/liter
25
Mass of the substance = concentration x mass 1 mole x volume in liter
= 0.06 x 40 x 0.025= 0.06 gm
C:- look at your book.
Question (4)
A:-
1- as the increase of the surface area exposed to the reaction increases the rate of chemical reaction.
So the surface area of iron fillings which is exposed to the reaction is greater than that equal mass of
iron block.
2-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

H2O H+ + OH-

NH4Cl NH3+ + Cl-

NH4Cl + H2O NH4OH + H+ + Cl-

Due to accumulation of acidic H+ ions in solution.
3- because its composed from chemical combination between two elements which are iron and carbon
and its chemical formula (Fe3C) doesnt obey the valence rule.
4- because when it is connected to an outside source of direct electric current whose potential is slightly
higher than the potential produced from the battery, oxidation reactions are converted into reduction
reactions and vice versa.
B:-
1- the equilibrium shifts in the opposite direction (backward).
The equilibrium shifts in the forward direction increase the formation of ester
2- 1- 4-methyl-2-hexyne
2- 1,2-dihydroxy benzene (ortho hydroxyl phenol)
Question (5)
A:-
1- He destroyed the vital force theory, he prepared urea by heating an aqueous solution of two
inorganic compounds, ammonium chloride and silver cyan ate.
2- He deduced the relationship between the quantity of electricity, which flows in a solution and the
quantity of material liberated at electrods.
3- He classified compounds into organic and inorganic.
He considered that organic compounds are formed by vital force found in living organisms.
B:- 1-
Complete reaction Reversible reaction
1- Proceeds in one direction 1- Proceeds in both directions
because one of the products forward and backward.
escapes from the system. 2- Both the reactants and products
2- The products cannot combine are always found in the reaction
with each other once more medium.
reforming the reactants.
2-
Midrex furnace Blast furnace
Carbon monoxide produced from coke: Mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen
C + O2 CO2 oxide gases (water gas) produced from
CO2 + C 2CO natural gas.
2CH4 + CO2 + H2O 3CO + 5H2
C:-
CuCrO4
CH3 COOH + 2H2 C2 H5OH
200oc
conc. H2SO4 C H + H O
C2H5OH 2 4 2
180oc

C2 H4 + H2O + [O] KMnO4 CH2 CH2

alkaline medium

OH OH

Question (6)
1- on adding drops of FeCL3 solution to both of them:

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

If a violet color is produced, it is carbolic acid and the other is ethanoic acid.
Acidity test: on adding sodium carbonate or bicarbonate effervescence takes place and CO2 gas is
evolved which turns lime water turbid it is acetic acid.
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa + H2O + CO2.
2- on adding bromine dissolved in carbon tetrachloride to each of them : if the red color of bromine is
disappeared, it is ethyne and the other is ethane
Br Br

Br C C Br

C2H2 + Br2 BrCH=CHBr H H

3-
(1) Iron (II) sulphate Aluminum sulphate
By adding sodium hydroxide Greenish- white ppt. is Gelatinous white ppt. is
solution formed formed and dissolved in
excess NaOH
FeCL2 + 2NH4OH 2NH4CL + Fe(OH)2 greenish white ppt.

Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3

Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O

4- by adding sodium chloride solution:
If a colorless gas evolves and forms white fumes with a rod wetted with ammonia solution, the
acid is sulphuric.
- if there is no fumes are formed the acid is hydrochloric.
2NaCL + H2SO4 conc. Na2SO4 + 2HCl
HCl + NH3 NH4Cl
B:- 1- precipitation- dilution 2- a white 3- lactic acid 4- Bronze
Second session 2011
A:- 1- a 2- b 3- a 4- b 5- a 6- b
[HI]2 [1.5*10-2]2 = 48.9
Kc = =
B:- [H2] [I2] -3 -3
[1*10 ] [4.6*10 ]
C:- ethanol < ethylene glycol < glycerol < sorbitol
Due to increasing hydroxyl groups that are able to form hydrogen bonds between molecules of alcohol
and each other, that rises boiling points of alcohols.
Question (2)
A:- 1- activation energy 2- chemical passivity 3- isomerism 4- ionic product of water
5- electrolysis.
B:-
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3 COONa + H2 O
CH3COONa + NaOH CaO
CH4 + Na2CO3

CH4 + Cl2 uv CH3Cl + HCl

CH3CL + KOH CH3OH + KCl
C:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
Ma Va Mb Vb
C= =
na nb
Ma= conc. Of acid Mb= conc. Of base Va= volume of the acid Vb= volume of the base
Na= number of acid moles Nb= number of base moles
Question (3)
A:- 1- galvanic cells are formed, which cause the corrosion of the more active metal.
2- It doesnt store energy because its work requires a continuous supply with the fuel
and a contentious remove of the product.
B:-
725oc CO + 3H2
CH4 + H2 O cat
2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
FeCl3 + 3NaOH 3NaCl + Fe(OH)3

(COO)2Fe FeO + CO2 + CO

air isolated
2Na2S 2O 3 + I2 2NaI + Na2S 4O 6
C:-
1- Scandium 21sc 2- Cr2O3: it is used in the manufacture of dyes
3- MnO2: it is used as an oxidizing agent in dry cell.
Question (4)
A:- 1- 24Cr: [Ar], 4s1,3d5.
2- 29Cu: [Ar], 4s1,3d10.
Because the atom is more stable when sublevel (3d) is completely filled or half filled with
electrons.
2- Because the carbinol group of tertiary alcohol is not attached to any hydrogen atoms.
3- because hydrochloric acid is less stable than sulphuric acid. So, it cant replace it from its salt
solution.
4- because it is a proton attached to water molecule.
B:-
1- Blood red color increases due to formation excess of iron (III) thiocyanate.
2- Blood red color decreases as the equilibrium is shifted in the opposite direction to form
FeCL3.
C:-
COOH 2- CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
CH3 CH2 CH CH3
OH
1- CH3 OH

CH3 C OH

CH3
D:- 1- 3-methyl-1-pentene 2- 4-chloronitro benzene
Question (5)
1-
reagent Ethanol phenol
FeCl3 No. change Violet color appears
2-
Nitrite Nitrate
By adding potassium The violet color dissolves No. change takes place
permanganate solution

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
NaCl + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCl
1- mole (AgCl) = 108 + 35.5 = 143.5 g
143.5 35.5 Cl
4.628 X Cl
So, chlorine mass in AgCl = chlorine mass in NaCl

4.628 * 35.5 1.145 * 100% = 57.245 %

= 143.5 = 1.145 g % of Cl in sample=
2
C:-
1- A mixture of fluoride salts (Ca, Na, Al) with bauxite is lower in density than a mixture of
cryolite with bauxite.
H H H H

C C C C

2- H H n H CH3 n
Polyethylene polypropylene
D:-
H H H H

OSO3H 80oC C OSO3H + H2O

H C C OH + H H C
conc.

H H H H
H H
o
H C C OSO3H 180 c C2H4 + H2SO4

H H
Look at your book for drawing.
Question (6)
A:-
1- It is the element in which (d) or (f) sublevel is partially filled by electrons either in the
atomic state or in one of its oxidation state.
2- It is solution of known concentration, which added to known volume of substance to
find its concentration.
3- it takes place between two different monomers and it is accompined by losing a simple
molecule such as water, the copolymer formed is considered as the basic unit,
which continues the polymerization process.
B:-
1- =

C:- 1- COOH 2- OH
D:- 1- the rate of the chemical reaction is the rate of change in the concentration of the
reactants or the products per unit time and it is effected by:
- Nature of the reactants: increasing by increasing surface area.
- Type of bonding in reactants: a: ionic :Fast b:covalent: Slow.
- Concentration of the reactants: rate of reaction increases as the number of reacting
molecules increase, that increases collosion between molecules.
- Temperature: as the temp increases the % of activated molecules increases, that rises
rate of the chemical reaction.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

- Increasing pressure or cooling: on a balanced gaseous reaction is shifted to the

direction, that decreases volume.
2- there is a difference in chemical activity between transition elements as copper is
limited active metal- corroded on exposing to air while scandium is highly active metal,
which replaces hydrogen of water severely.
First session 2012
Question (1)
A: 1- c 2- d 3- b 4- c 5- c 6- b
B:- 1- it provides skin with softness and protects from suns rays thats why it is used in
making drugs and manufacturing cosmetics.
2- it is used as anti freezing substance to prevent water freezing in radiators in cold
countries and printing ink, hydraulic brake, polyethylene glycol that is used in the
preparation of Dacron fibers and photographic plates.
3- it is used in lining cooking utensils and making surgical threads.
C:- its useful in identifying and measuring the harmful environmental pollutants content
in water and food. Also the percentage of CO, SO2 and NO2 gases in air.
Question (2)
A:- 1- roasting process 2- acid basicity 3- rate of the chemical reaction.
4- couloumb 5- esterification (ester formation)
B:- look at your book.
KC = [N2]2
C:- [O2]3 [NH3]4
Question (3)
A:- 1- on adding NaOH solution to :
A solution contains iron (III) cation, reddish brown ppt. is formed.
A solution contains aluminum cation, gelatinous white ppt. is formed.
FeCL3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4CL + Fe(OH)3 redish brown ppt

Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3

2-
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
1 mol 1 mol
MaVa = MbVb
25 * 0.25 = 0.347
So, Ma=
18
na = MaVa = MaVa
before dil. after dil.
250* 0.25 = 180
Volume of solution before dil. =
0.347
volume of water required to be added to the acid
= 250-180 = 70 ml
B:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
OH ONa

1- + NaOH + H2O

2- CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH

dil. FeSO4 + H2O

3- FeO + H2 SO4
C:- When sodium carbonate dissolves, it gives sodium ions and carbonate ions as
Follows:

Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32

2H2O 2OH + 2H+
Na2CO3 + 2H2O 2Na+ + 2OH + H2CO3

Strong electrolyte Weak

completely ionized electroly
So, the conc. of OH > the conc. of H+ te
It is alkaline solution
According to Le Chatelier's principle, other molecules of water are ionized to compensate the
decrease in hydrogen ion. Consequently, hydroxyl ions are accumulated and increased in
concentration, to a level greater than hydrogen ion pH> 7 and [OH-] > 10-7
Thus Na2CO3 solution is pOH < 7 and [H+] < 10-7
Question (4)
A:- 1- Kekule 2- Ostwald 3- Faraday
B:- 1- General formula of alkanes: CnH2n+1
Number of hydrogen atoms= 2x3= 8 atoms.
The formula of alkane: C3H8.
The molecular mass= 3x12 + 8x1= 44 gm.
% of carbon= 3x12/44 x 100= 81.8 %.
2- a- aspirin. b- picric acid.

1- 3O-2 3
O2o+ 6e-
2
2- 2Al+3 + 6- 2Alo

3- 3O-2 + 2Al+3 3 Oo o
2 + 2Al
3 o 2
4- 2C + 2 O2 CO2 + CO
C:-
Question (5)
A:-1-because they bonded with water via coordinate bonds forming H3O+(hydromium ion)
2- Because the value of increase in the rate of forward reaction equals that of the
reversible reaction.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

3- As the electrolyte in the fuel cell is potassium hydroxide (alkaline), while that in
lead battery is sulphuric acid.
4- On reacting of water vapour with red hot iron, the black iron oxide is formed, which
reacts with conc. Sulphuric acid forming a mixture of iron (III) and iron (II)
sulphate, because it is a mixed oxide solution.
5- Because the rate of dissolving alt equals rate of its precipitating.
B:- 1-
Organic compounds Inorganic compounds
Most of them dont dissolve in water and Most of them are soluble in water
dissolve in organic solvent (benzene)
2-
Complete reaction Reversible reaction
1- Proceeds in one direction 1- Proceeds in both directions
because one of the products forward and backward.
escapes from the system.
2- The products can not combine 2- Both the reactants and products
with each other once more are always found in the reaction
reforming the reactants. medium.

3-
Glucose Fructose
CHO CH2 OH
(CHOH)4 C O

CH2OH (CHOH)3

CH2OH

C:-
1- 2-

Naphthalene C10H8 Diphenyl C12H10

No, because they differ in molecular formula

Question (6)
A:- 1- on changing any of the factors affecting on equilibrium (concentration, temp or
pressure) the system shifted in an opposite direction to this change.
2- Alloys in which some atoms of the pure metal are replaced by atoms of other metal
which having the same radius, crystal lattice and chemical properties.
3- It is the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ion and that is a way for
expressing the degree of acidity or basicity for an aqueous solution by +ve values.
B:-
1- Because triple bond is converted into douple one, then into single bond in the
second step.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
H Br

H C C H + HBr H C C H H C C H

2- H Br H Br
3- 1,1-dibromoethane.
4- 2 moles of hydrogen bromide are consumed and 3 moles remain without reaction.
C:-
atomic mass 55.86
Equivelant mass = = = 18.62 g
valence 3
96500 coulombs need to 11.2 g
11.2 * 96500
Quantity of electricity= 18.62 = 58045.1
Second session 2012
Question (1)
A:- 1- b 2- a 3- b 4- c 5- d 6- c
B:- 1- anesthetic substance
2- Drug to treat headache, fever and lessens the occurrence blood clotting.
3- used in making carpets, plastics, cans and cases.
4- Detection of glucose.
Question (2)
A:- 1- (a) phethalic (b) pyrogallol
2- (a) NH3+CH3COOC2 H5 CH3CONH2+C2H5OH

(b) CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O + Energy

B:-
1- 2Fe 2Fe+2 + 4e-
2- 2H2O + O2 + 4e- 4OH-
3- 2F+2 + 4OH- 2Fe(OH)2
4- 2Fe(OH)2 + 1/2 O2+ H2O 2Fe(OH)3
By adding the four previous equations we get a total equation of iron corrosion cell.
2F+2 + 2H2O + 3/2 O2 2Fe(OH)3
C:- -
1-le chattier: at constant temperature the rate of chemical reaction is directly proportional to
the product of multiplication of the reactants concentration each is raised to the power of the
number of molecules or ions in the balanced chemical equation.
2- Fischer-Tropsch: invented a method to convert water gas (hydrogen and carbon
monoxide) to liquid fuel.
3- Wohler: Wohler performed an experiment which was considered to be the beginning of the
end of Berzelius theory. Wohler was able to prepare Urea, which is organic compound, by
heating an aqueous solution of two inorganic compounds (Ammonium chloride and silver
cyanate solution).
D:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

(1) 1. Kc1= [NH3]2

[N2] [H2]3

[N2] [H2]3
2- Kc2=
[NH3]2
1
(2) Kc2 =
Kc1
Question (3)
A:- 1- by heating iron (II) oxalate (air isolated), then oxidizing the product in hot air.
(COO)2Fe FeO + CO + CO2
/ in abscence of air

4FeO + O2 2Fe2O3
2- the color of reaction mixture becomes blood red due to formation of iron (III) thiocyanate.
FeCl3 + 3NH4 SCN Fe(SCN)3 +3NH4CL

B:- the electroplating of a spoon by a layer of silver.

Clean the surface of the spoon completely.
Dip the spoon and the rod of Ag into electrolyte solution that contains silver ions.
Connect the spoon to the ve electrode of the battery (cathode) and a rodd of silver
metal to the +ve electrode (anode).
Switch on the circuit.
Look at your page for drawing.
C:-1- the blue color degree of the copper sulphate solution decreases and my become
colorless and dissolving of zinc increases by time.
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
2- trinitro phenol is formed which is commercially known as picric acid.
OH OH
O2N NO2
H2SO4
+ HNO3 conc. + 3H2O

NO2
A:- 1- chemical equilibrium 2- faraday 3- pH value 4- Roasting 5- isomerism
B:-
1- C2H5OH conc. H2SO4 C2H4 + H2O
180oc

2- C2H4 + H2O + [O] KMnO4 CH2 CH2

alkaline medium

OH OH
H2 SO4 +2 NaOH Na2 SO4 + 2H2O

C:- tertiary alcohol as carbinol is linked to 3 carbon atoms and no hydrogen atoms.
Question (5)
A:-
1-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
O
structural formula CH3 CH2 C O CH3

molecular formula C4H8O2

2- in cyclohexane: 6 groups.
in benzene: no methylene groups.
B:-
1- because it is colorless in acidic medium.
2- because glycerol is trihydric alcohol, ethylene glycol is dihydric alcohol and by
increasing OH- groups the hydrogen bonds increases. So, the boiling point rises.
3- iron (II) ion is colored:
Fe+2: 18[Ar] 3d6 , 4s0 , iron (III) ion is colored:Fe+3: 18[Ar] 3d5, 4s0 iron (III) ions is
more stable because the 3d sublevel is half filled. So, iron (II) is easily oxidize to iron
(III).
Mn+2: [Ar]18,4S0,3d5 Mn+3:[Ar]18,4S0,3d4
More stable less stable
4- Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
Because of difficulty of combining the gas products again to form reactant substances in
the same reaction conditions.
5- due to the formation of a galvanic cell, at which iron is the anode as a more active
metal than tin.
C:-
1- it is a platinum sheet covered by a layer of black spongy platinum dipped in a strong acid
solution of molar concentration (1 M) by passing a flow of hydrogen gas at a constant
pressure of one atmosphere and the potential of this electrode = Zero
2- At constant temperature, the degree of ionization increasing by dilution until the
equilibrium constant for ionization is constant.
3- they are polyhydroxy aldehydic or ketonic substances.
Question (6)
A:- 1- catechol 2- 2-propanol 3- 1-propanol 4- 2-propanol
5- picric acid (2,4,6 trinitro phenol) 6- catechol 7- picric acid.

B:- 1-
Paramagnetic substance
They are characterized by the presence
of unpaired electrons in (d) sublevel.
Attracted to external magnetic field.
2-
Bromine fumes
Turn a paper wetted with ammonia
solution into yellow.
3-
Solution of chlorine gas in water
It is a good conductor of electricity
Diamagnetic substance
They are characterized by pairing all the
electrons in (d) sublevel.
Repel the external magnetic field.
Iodine fumes
Turn a paper wetted with ammonia
solution into blue.
Solution of HCl in benzene
It doesnt a good conductor of electricity

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C:- precipitation method.

First session 2013
A:- 1- a 2- b 3- c 4- b 5- a 6- c

B:-
1- 3C2H2 Ni tube
200o c

C6H 14 catalytic reforming

pt/

2- 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2

ZnCl2 C2H5Cl+ H2O
C2H5OH + HCl
Question (2)
A:- 1- IUPAC: international union of pure and applied chemistry.
Common: in this system count all carbon atoms.
2- HCOOH: formic acid, methanoic acid.
Used in: manufacture of dyes, insecticides, perfumes, drugs, and plastics.

B:-
1 e II

2 a III

3 b VII

4 c IV

5 d VI

P2(NH3 ) (0.6)2
C:- KP = 3
= 3
4.4 x 10 4
P (N2 )P (H2 ) (2.3) (7.1)
KP<1 the equilibrium shift backward.
To increase the reaction product. Increase concentration of the reactant
Increase the pressure and decrease the volume of the reaction container.
decrease temperature cooling.
Question (3)
A:- 1- anode 2- hydronium ion 3- cations of the second analytical group
4- dynamic chemical equilibrium. 5- urea.
B:- look at your page.
- we pass it on copper sulphate solution to remove phosphine gas and hydrogen
sulphide which are produced from the impurities of the calcium carbide.

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C:- Faraday The amount of separated substance produced by passing an electric

current is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passing through the
solution or molten.
Ostwald: at constant temperature, the degree of ionization increasing by dilution

Property Organic Compounds Inorganic Compounds

1- Chemical Consist of carbon and

May contain C and H
Structure hydrogen
2- Type of bond Covalent bond Often ionic bonds
3- Melting point Low melting point High melting point
4- Ability to
conduct Do not conduct electricity Often conduct electricity
electricity
Often liquid inorganic are non
5- Inflammability Liquid organic are inflammable
inflammable
until the equilibrium constant for ionization is constant.
Question (4)
A- Purification of copper:
Copper of purity 99% contains impurities such as Fe, Zn, Ag, and Au.
Theses impurities decrease the conductivity of copper for electricity.
At the anode: impure copper, while at the cathode: pure copper, and the electrolyte
CUSO4 solution.
When the electric current passes the ion will remove towards the electrode opposite to
their charges.
Drawing look at your book.
B:- 1-
2-

Complete reaction Reversible reaction 3-

1- Proceeds in one direction 1- Proceeds in both phenol
because one of the products directions forward and is
Escapes from the system. backward. more
2- The products cannot combine 2- Both the reactants and acidic
with each other once more products are always found in than
Reforming the reactants. the reaction medium. ethyl
alcohol
.
C:- 1- nitrogen dioxide gas reddish brown.
2- phenolphthalein in acidic medium colorless.

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3- Brick-red color.
4- Reddish-brown ppt.
Question (5)
A:-1- Ca(OH)2+2HCL 2NaCL+2H2O
10 ml 0.5 molar
? 15 ml
1 mole 2 mole
Concentration of sodium hydroxide = (0.515)/210=0.0375.
2- increase the intensity of bloody red color due to increasing the color of iron (III)
thioscyanate colorless.
FeCl3 + 3NH4SCN 3NH4CL + Fe(SCN)3 blood red

B:-
1- At 140oc :
1- 2C2H5OH conc.H2SO4 C2H5OC2H5
140oc
At 180 oc:
conc. H2SO4 C H + H O
C2H5OH 2 4 2
180oc

2-
conc.
Fe3O4+4H2SO4 FeSO4+Fe2(SO4 )3+4H2 O
3-
2NaNO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HNO3
conc.
C:-
1- H H Uses:

C C Carpets cases cans

n
CH3 H

2- Uses:
H H
Drainage tube Plastic tubes Shoes Hoses Electric
CC wires insulators Floors Oil bottles.

n
H Cl
Question (5)

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

A:- 3<5<1<2<4
B:- 1- because it remains in the environment without being decayed killing useful insects
as bees. Besides it goes with the rain to the rivers and lakes killing the fish and the
aquatic creatures until it reaches the man.
2- because it is freezes at 16oc and forms crystals resembles ice.
3- due to having double bond, which involves one weak pi bond which can be broken
easily.
4- due to the presence of 3d unpaired electrons which may be used in the formation
of bonds between the atoms of the metal surface and the reacting molecule
leading to an increase in the concentration of these molecules at the surface of the
catalyst and weaking the bonds between the atoms of the reacting molecules. So, the
activation energy decreases which helps to increase speed of the reaction.
5- because hydrochloric acid is more stable than nitrous acid and less stable than nitric
acid.
C:- 1- ethyl formate and methyl acetate
2- Methyl acetate and ethyl acetate.
3- Formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid.
4- Ethyl formate.
Second session 2013
Question (1)
A:- 1- c 2- b 3- c 4- a 5- a 6- b
B:-1- look at your page.
uv CH3Cl + HCl
2- CH4 + Cl2
725oc
CH4 + H2O CO+ 3H2
catalyst
Question (2)
A:-

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS
CaC2 + H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
. anode reaction :
LiC6 C6 + Li+ + e-
. cathode reaction:
CoO2 + Li+ + e- LiCoO2
. discharge reaction :
LiC + CoO discharge
6 2 C6 + LiCoO2

B:- 1- galvanic cells 2- cycloalkanes 3- Baeyers reaction 4- concentration process

5- metal corrosion.
Question (3)
A:- 1- it is decreasing arrangement of elements according to their oxidation potentials
with (H) or ascending order according to their reduction potential.
2- It is a dynamic system when the rate of forward reaction equal the rate of
backward reaction, and the concentration of the reactants and product is constant.
3- a substance increase the rate of the chemical reaction without it is being affected.
4- the process by which hydrogen atom of the benzene ring is substituted by an
alkyle group forming alkyl benzene in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 as catalyst.

B:-
1- Cl

FeCl3
+ Cl2 + HCl
uv

Cl
OH
o
+ NaOH 300 c + NaCl
300 atm

2-
conc. H2SO4 C H + H O
C2H5OH 2 4 2
180oc

C2H4 + H2O + [O] KMnO4 CH2 CH2

alkaline medium

OH OH

C:- Fe+3 + 3e- Fe0

55.86
= 18.62
Equivalent weight of Fe= atomic weight/valance = 3 .
Since precipitation of 18.62 needs 96500 coulombs So, ppt. of 3.2 g needs (x) quantity of
electricity =(96500 x 3.2)/18.62= 16584.31 coulombs.

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

Question (4)
A:-
1- Abundance of organic compounds is attributed to ability of (C) atoms to bind with each
other or with other atoms via single, double and triple covalent bonds forming branched
and unsaturated chains or heterocyclic or homocyclic compounds.
2- due to the formation of an oxide layer on its surface. This layer is non-porous layer
which prevents further reactions with oxygen.
3- due to increasing the pressure which helps increasing the rate of the reaction in
cooking process.
4- because alkenes contain 1 weak pi bonds while alkynes contains 2 weak pi bonds.
B:- 1-e 2- a 3-c 4-d
C:-
COOH COONa

+ NaOH + H2O

NO2

H2SO4
+ HO NO2 H2O +
50o c

NO2 NO2

+ CL2 Fe + HCL
dark
CL

Question (5)
A:- 1-
Hydrolysis Neutralization
1-salt+H2O acid+base 1-Acid+base salt + H2o
NaCL+H2O NaOH+HCL NaOH+HCL NaCL+H2O

2-
Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis

It is identification of the constituent of It is determination of the concentration

the substance of the constituent of the substance

3-

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P.O.C Zinc oxide Copper (II) sulphate

Magnetic properties A substance repels the
external magnetic field, as
it is diamagnetic
substance.
Uses Manufacture of paints,
rubber and cosmetics.
A substance attract the
external magnetic field, as
it is dparamagnetic
substance.
Insecticide and fungicide
in water purification

B:- 1- it is product of multiplying concentrations of ions of sparingly soluble substances

raised to the power of the no. of ions in mol/l in equilibrium with saturated solution.
AgCl Ag+ + Cl-
+ - -6 -6 -12
2- Ksp = [Ag ] [Cl ] = 10 x 10 = 10
C:- 1- butanoic acid
OH
O2N NO2

2- NO2 picric acid (2,4,6 trinitro phenol).

Question (6)
A:- by adding NaOH solution:
FeCL3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4CL + Fe(OH)3 redish brown ppt

FeSO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 Greenish white ppt

2-
Na2 CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCL + H2O + CO2
s.t CaCO3 + H2 O
CO2 + Ca(OH)2

3-
H H

C COOR1 H C OH
H
R1COOH
COOR2 H C OH + R2COOH
H C + 3NaOH
R3COOH
H C COOR3 H C OH

H H

the reaction name is sapnofication reaction

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B:- 1- he introduced a relation between quantity of electricity passing in solution and

mass of substances evolved or precipitated at any of the electrodes.
2- they established a law expressing the relationship between the velocity of the
chemical reaction and the concentration of the reactants.
3- they produced ammonia in industry by using iron as a catalyst.
C:- 1- COOH group 2- (OH) is responsible for appearing the violet color when the
compound reacts with FeCl3.
3- ammonolysis occur for ester group.
H+ + OH-
2- 1- H2O
2- ionic equilibrium

First session 2014

Question (1)
A:-
1- d 2- c 3- b 4- d 5-b 6- a
B:-1- a- Methane gas.
b- Hexa chloro cyclohexane.
2- faraday second law:
When a given quantity of electricity is passed through different electrolytes the masses of
substances formed at the electrodes are directly proportional to their equivalent weights.

Experiment to verify the law:

pass the same amount of electricity in the solutions.
the substance formed at the cathodes in the electrolytic cells are silver and copper
respectively.
the ratio of weights of these substance is directly proportional to their equivalent weight.
draw :look at your book.
3- 1- Preparation from phenol:
OH

+ ZnO

Preparation of tri nitro toluene from sodium benzoate:

Cl

FeCl3
+ Cl2 + HCl
uv

Cl
OH
o
+ NaOH 300 c + NaCl
300 atm

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

2-
COONa

+ NaOH + Na2CO3

CH3

+ CH3CL AlCl3 + HCL

anhydrous

CH3 OH
O2N NO2
H2SO4
+ HNO3 conc. + 3H2 O

NO2

Question (2)
A:-
1-quantity of electricity 2- anode 3- equilibrium system.
4-activation energy 5- precipitation reactions. 6- seconds faradays law.
B:-
1- Phenyl acetate and methyl benzoate.
2- ethyl formate and methyl acetate.
2- Volatilization method:

It is based on the volatilization of the Element or compound to be determined followed by its

measurement either by collecting the volatile material.

Complete reaction Reversible reaction

1- Proceeds in one direction 1- Proceeds in both directions

because one of the products forward and backward.
Escapes from the system. 2- Both the reactants and products
2- The products cannot combine are always found in the reaction
with each other once more medium.
Reforming the reactants.

2-

Hydrolysis Neutralization

1-salt+H2O acid+base 1-Acid+base salt + H2o

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

NaCL+H2O NaOH+HCL NaOH+HCL NaCL+H2O

3-

Primary cell Secondary cell

1-they are saving energy systems in the
form of chemical energy which can be
converted to electrical energy at the desired
time through spontaneous irreversible
oxidation reduction reaction.
2-this type of cells cannot be recharged.
1-these cells are characterized by reversible
chemical reactions.
2-these cells can be recharged by passing an
electric current from external source
between their poles in direction opposite to
the discharge process.

3-they are irreversible cells. Ex: lead cell, lithium ion cell.

Ex: mercury cell, fuel cell.

Question (3)

A- A:- Freons: they are considered as halogenated derivatives of alkane as; CF4, the famous
one is dichloro, difluoromethane CF2CL2.
uses: in air conditions and fridges, also as a rushed substance to liquid and perfumes and
as cleaner of electronic sets.
disadvantage: they cause the decay of the ozone layer, which protect the earth against
harmful effect of ultra violet rays.
Conc. H2SO4
2- C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O.
180 C

A- 1-
Pb + PbO2 + 4H+ + 2SO4-2 2PbSO4 + 2H2O

Draw: look at your book.

1- in mobiles laptops and in in modern cars instead of lead acid battery.
2- anode is :
Lead Pb
3- cathode is :
PbO2
4- electrolyte is:
Dil. H2SO4

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le chattier: at constant temperature the rate of chemical reaction is directly proportional to

the product of multiplication of the reactants concentration each is raised to the power of
the number of molecules or ions in the balanced chemical equation.
Ostwald: at constant temperature, the degree of ionization increasing by dilution until the
equilibrium constant for ionization is constant.

Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32

2H2O 2OH + 2H+

Na2CO3 + 2H2O 2Na+ + 2OH + H2CO3

Strong electrolyte
Completely ionized Weak
So, the conc. of OH > the conc. of H+ Electroly
It is alkaline solution te
According to Le Chatelier's principle, other molecules of water are ionized to
compensate the decrease in hydrogen ion. Consequently, hydroxyl ions are
accumulated and increased in concentration, to a level greater than hydrogen ion
pH> 7 and [OH-] > 10-7
Thus Na2CO3 solution is pOH < 7 and [H+] < 10-7
2-

NH4CL NH4+ + CL
H2O OH + H+

Na2CO3 + 2H2O H+ + CL + NH4OH

Strong electrolyte
completely ionized Weak
So, the conc. of H+ > the conc. of OH- electroly
It is acidic solution te
According to Le Chatelier's principle, other molecules of water are ionized to
compensate the decrease in hydroxyl ion. Consequently, hydrogen ions are
accumulated and increased in concentration, to a level greater than hydroxyl ion
pH< 7 and [H+]>10-7
Thus NH4CL solution is POH >7 and [H+] > 10-7
Question (4)
A:-
1- it is a process based on measuring the amount of a reagent of known concentration that
completely consumed by the analyte.
2- they are chemical substances which change their color in the reaction medium.
3- it is the equilibrium a rising between molecules of a weak electrolyte and the ions
resulting from it.
2- a- the additives added to the alcohol are methanol, pyridine and colored dyes they are
added to minimize its use in making alcoholic liquors.
b- by blowing a ballon through a tube containing silica gel saturated with acidified potassium
dichromate. The ballon is left till the exhalation goes out. If the driver was drunk, the color
changed from orange to green.

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EXPERIMENT: look at your book.

EXPERIMENT: look at your book.
B:- electroplating: look at your book.
Question (5)
A:-
1- because the 3d sublevel contains unpaired electrons, either in their oxidation state or
atomic state.
2- because the small angles lead to weak overlap between the atomic orbiatls. Therefore, the
bonds between carbon atoms are very weak and easily broken. So, these compounds are
very active.
3- because the reactants volume is more than the products volume. So, by increasing
pressure the direction of the reaction will be shifted forward to reduce the volume. The rate
of ammonia formation increases.
4- the boiling point increases by the increase of :
The molecular mass. The no. of hydroxyl group (OH).
5- because when the detergent is dissolved in water, their molecules arrange them selves
where hydrophobic tail of each molecule is directed towards dirties and the textile adhere
with them, while the hydrophilic head directed towards water. So the detergent molecule
surrounds the dirties completely and with any mechanical rubbing the cleaning process start.
B:-

Second session 2014

A: - 1- b 2- d 3- d 4- a 5- c 6- b
B:- 1- 1- formic acid is methanoic acid HCOOH.
2- pyrogalol is 1,2,3 trihydroxy benzene. (C6H3(OH)3).
2- The first faradays law: the quantity of formed or consumed material at any
electrode (gas or solid) is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity that
passes across the electrolytic solution.

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* this can be practically proved by passing different amounts of electricity in an electrolytic

solution and then calculating ratio of formed masses from anode and comparing these ratios
with the ratio of amounts of electricity passed through the solution.
Note that: its a directly proportional with the amount of electricity passed through the
solution.
3- Di-hydric alcohol from monohydric alcohol:-
conc. H2SO4 C H + H O
C2H5OH 2 4 2
180oc

C2 H4 + H2O + [O] KMnO4 CH2 CH2

alkaline medium

OH OH
Picric from benzene:
Cl

FeCl3
+ Cl2 + HCl
uv

Cl
OH
o
+ NaOH 300 c + NaCl
300 atm

OH
OH
NO2
NO2
conc. H2 SO4
+ 3HNO3

NO2
Question (2):
A:-1- ethene (ethylene)
2- electromotive series.
3- ionic product of water.
4- cyclic alkanes.
5- secondary alcohol.
B:-
1- the ascending order is, ammonium chloride then, potassium nitrate then sodium
hydroxide.
2- ethyl alcohol.
3- It depends on the precipitation of the required element or compound in the form of
insoluble, stable, pure compound, where its mass can be determined.

4-
Galvanic cell Electrolytic cell
1-Converts the electric energy to 1-Converts the chemical energy
chemical energy to electrical energy
2-The anode is the positive electrode 2-The anode is the negative
in the cell where the oxidation electrode in the cell where the
process takes place at it. oxidation process takes place at

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

3-The cathode is the negative it.

electrode in the cell where the
reduction process takes place at it.
4-The oxidation-reduction reactions
are non-spontaneous (need an
external source).
5-Doesnt need salt bridge
6-The two electrodes may be similar
or different
3-The cathode is the positive
electrode in the cell where the
reduction process takes place at
it.
4-The oxidation-reduction
reactions are spontaneous
(doesnt need an external
source).
5- need salt bridge
6-The two electrodes must be
different where there is a
potential difference between
them.

2- complete ionization Weak ionization

* it occurs in strong electrolytes. * it occurs in weak electrolytes.
* all unionized molecules are * a small fraction of molecules
changed into ions. is ionized.
* the reaction is activated only to * the reaction is activated in the two
the forward direction directions (forward and backward).

Question (3)
A:- detergent : look at your book.
Methane gas in lap: look at your book.
B:- standard hydrogen electrode: look at your book.
2- 1- Avogadro: he deduced the relation between equal volumes of different gases which
measure at STP and the no. of molecules
2- Wohler: Wohler performed an experiment which was considered to be the
beginning of the end of Berzelius theory. Wohler was able to prepare
Urea, which is organic compound, by heating aqueous solution of two inorganic
compounds (Ammonium chloride and silver cyanate solution).
3- Ostwald: at constant temperature, the degree of ionization increasing by dilution
until the equilibrium constant for ionization is constant.
3- (1) And (4)reversible reactions. (2) And (3) are complete reactions.
Question (4)
A:- 1) * ethyl iodide for preparing of ethanol:
C2H5I + KOH C2H5OH + KI
* 2-bromopropane to prepare 2- propanol :
(CH3)2CHBr + KOH (CH3)2CHOHr + KBr
2) Reaction of toluene with chlorine gives ortho and para- chloro toluene.
CH3 CH3 CH3
Cl
uv
+ 2CL2 + + 2HCl
Fe

Cl

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EXAMS MODEL ANSWERS

* Reaction of toluene with a mixture of conc. Sulphuric acid and conc.

Nitric, gives tri-nitro toluene.
CH3
CH3
NO2
NO2
conc. H2 SO4
+ 3HNO3

NO2
3) Mercury cell:-
It is a small sized and used in headphones and watches.
Structure: the negative electrode (anode) from zinc and the positive electrode
(cathode) from mercury oxide + graphite.
The total reaction:
oxidation

Zn0 + HgO ZnO + Hg0

reduction
B: - 1- the general formula of alkynes is CnH2n-2 and its molar mass= 54 g/mol.
N=4 therefore the molecular formula of alkyne is C4H6. And the structural formula is
C C C C
: 1-butyne
Ca X Ka 0.1 X 7.2x10-10
2- [H3O+] = = = 0.85 x 10-5M.
3- It is a series of suitable chosen chemical reactions performed to detect the kind of
main component for a substance based on the changes occurring in the chemical
reactions.
* It is a chemical analysis which aims to estimate the percentage of each
essential component of substance.
Question (5)
A:- 1- it is important to determine the number of the carbon atoms which is attached
to the hydroxyl group before the name of alcohol.
Due to presence of other isomers which have different properties and give
different products in the same reaction.
2- Because on increasing the pressure, the reaction proceeds in direction which
decreases the volumes, which is forward direction.
3- Because the strong electrolytes are completely ionized and proceed in only
one direction of the formation of ions and no equilibrium occurs between
them and their molecules.
4- The aryl group is electron withdrawing which makes the bond between it and
oxygen is short and strong, while the bond between hydrogen and oxygen is long
and easily broken.
While, the alkyl group is electron repelling, where the negative charge increases on the
oxygen atom, thus the bond between oxygen and hydrogen becomes short and strong and
difficult to be broken.

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55.86 96500 x 5.6 = 29022.6

= 18.62
B: - 1- Gram equivalent= 3 g quantity of electricity= 18.62
2- The cycle inside the ring as shown in the figure, indicates that the single bond
and the double bonds are exchanged between the C atoms and that the six
electrons are not accumulate at a certain carbon atoms.
* Addition reaction:

/P
+ 3H 2
cat

* Substitution reaction:
Cl

Cl2 /P
+ + HCl
cat

0.1 x 10 = 0.001
3- Number of used moles of hydrochloric acid= 1000
1 mol of NaOH neutralize with 1 mol of HCl NO. of moles of sodium hydroxide= 0.001
The molar mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g/mol.
Mass of sodium hydroxide in mixture = 40 x0.001 = 0.04g
Percentage of sodium hydroxide in the mixture = 0.04/0.1 x 100% = 40%
First session 2015
Question (1)
A:- 1- d 2- b 3- b 4- a 5- c 6- c
B:-
1-a-tri nitro glycerin it is used towiden arteries in heart problems and used as
explosive substance.
2- Standard hydrogen electrode used as: measure the standard electrode potential of
other electrodes because its potential is equal zero.
3- ethylene glycol used as: anti freezing substance in car radiator in cold countries.
4- Mercury cell is used as: ear phones, clocks, and camera.
C: - detection of carbon and hydrogen: Look at your book.
D:- IUPAC: 1- 2,3 di-methyl pentane. 2- 1,2 dihydroxy benzene.
Question (2)
A:- 1-
kc kp
It is the equilibrium constant by It is the equilibrium constant by
knowing concentration knowing pressure
The product of multiplication of the The product of multiplication of the
reactant concentration each raised to reactant pressure each raised to the
the number of molecules in balanced number of molecules in balanced
chemical equation chemical equation

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2-

Na2NO3:neutral kcl: Neutral NH4NO3:acidic FeCL3: acidic

3-

The compound Functional group Example Formula

Phenols OH Phenol C6H5OH

Aldehydes CHO Acetaldehyde CH3CHO

Esters -COO- Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H5

Ketons -CO Aceton CH3CO CH3

B- Faraday second law: the masses of different material formed or consumed by the same
amount of electricity are proportional to their equivalent masses.

Question (3)

1- a- quantatity of electricity b- alkanes c- galvanic cells d- complete ionization e-

interstitial alloy .
2- 1-FeCl3+3NH4SCN Fe(SCN)3+3NH4Cl
(experiment look at your book)
blood red color

3- (1.342*10-3)
4- SO2(sulpher dioxide) H2S(hydrogen sulphide)
5- 1- with (e) with (III) 2- with (c) with (I) 3- with (a) with (VI) 4- with (f) with
(IV 5-with (b) with (v)

Question (4)

A- Ostwald : found the relation between the degree of ionization and concentration of
solution per mol/litre and state that ( at constant temperature the degree of ionization
increase by dilution.
B- Baeyer reaction: discover a reaction of alkenes with potassium permanganate in
alkaline medium where the violet color of potassium permanganate disappear this
reaction is used to detect the presence of double bond and differentiate between alkane
,alkene and alkyne.
C- Faraday: The amount of separated substance produced by passing an electric current
is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passing through the solution or
molten.

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2- 1- They are allowed to blow a balloon through a tube containing silica gel saturated
with acidified potassium dichromate. The balloon is left until the exhalation went out, if
the driver is drunk; the colour of potassium dichromate is changed from orange to
green.

phethalic

2- 1- due to absence of hydrogen bonds in esters because they dont have any
hydroxyl group

- because the concentration of [H+]=[OH-]=10-7 mol/l equal 7

- iron can give oxidation state positive 2 when it loses 2 electrons of the 4S2 sublevel and
it give oxidation state positive 3 by loses two electrons from 4S2 and one electron from
3d6 sublevel to be stable
- because the reaction proceeds in both direction forward and backward and both the
reactant and product are found in the reaction medium
- using it for along time to decrease the concentration of acid and increase the
concentration of water and lead acetate
- Question (5)
1- (0.5 mol/l)

solubility of ammonium chloride in water

NH4CL NH4+ + CL

H2O OH + H+

Na2CO3 + 2H2O H+ + CL + NH4OH

Strong electrolyte Weak

electroly
completely ionized te

So, the conc. of H+ > the conc. of OH-

It is acidic solution

According to Le Chatelier's principle, other molecules of water are ionized to

compensate the decrease in hydroxyl ion. Consequently, hydrogen ions are

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accumulated and increased in concentration, to a level greater than hydroxyl

ion pH< 7 and [H+]>10-7

Thus NH4CL solution is POH >7 and [H+] > 10-7

2- purification of copper: look at your page.

1- obtaining an aromatic compound from an aliphatic:

3C2H2 C6H6

2- obtaining an aliphatic compound from aromatic:

+ 3H2

3- Baeyer
4- C2H4+H2O+[O] KMNO4/alkaline medium CH2(OH)-CH2(OH)

Frediel craft :

CH3
l

+CH3CL ALCL3

Second session 2015

Question (1)
A: 1- b 2- c 3- b 4 b 5-b 6- d .
B:- 1- 1.3 mol H2 2- normal butane.
2- it is used as preservation substance for food.
It is used in lining and cooking utensil.
3- look at your book.

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Question (2)
A:- 1-
1-dynamic system takes place when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of
backward reaction. The concentrations of the reactants and products are not changed.
2- it is a series of processes which are carried out in order to identify substance components
and estimate its concentration, mass or its percentage in the sample.
3- it is the quantity of electricity, which if it is passed for one second in a solution of silver
about 1.118 mg of silver precipitated.
2- 1- 5-chloro-2-pentyne 2- 2,4,6-tri-nitrotoluene
B:- dry distillation :
COONa

+ NaOH + Na2CO3
CaO
Halogenations:
1- Cl

FeCl3
+ Cl2 + HCl
uv

Cl
OH
o
+ NaOH 300 c + NaCl
300 atm

2- 1- adding excess of CO2 gas :

the reaction is activated to the forward direction, thus H2 gas decreases.
2- adding excess of water vapour H2O:
The direction is activated to the backward direction thus, the H2 increases.
3- increasing temperature:
The reaction endothermic is activated to the forward direction, thus H2 gas decreases.
4- reducing the container volume ( increasing pressure).
It doesnt effect in H2, since no. of moles of reacting gases equals number of moles of
produced gases.
3- look at your book.
Question (3)
A:- 1- mercury cell 2- galvanic cell 3- equilibrium system 4- the catalyst
5- the total pressure of reaction.
55.86 96500 x 5.6 = 29022.6
= 18.62
Gram equivalent= 3 g quantity of electricity= 18.62
2- detergent: Look at your book.
3- It is a group of molecules which combine together by a certain way to form a part of the
molecules; however, it is activity overcomes all other properties of the whole molecule.

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The compound Functional group Example Formula

Phenols OH Phenol C6H5OH

Aldehydes CHO Acetaldehyde CH3CHO

Esters -COO- Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H5

Ketons -CO Aceton CH3CO CH3

Question (4)
A:- 1- because it resist corrosion, even if it is red hot.
3H2O 3H+ + 3OH-
FeCL3 Fe+3 + 3Cl-
+ -
2- FeCl3 + 3H2 O = Fe(OH)3 + 3H + 3Cl
Due to accumulation of acidic H+ ions in the solution (pH<7).
3- because weak electrolytes are incomplete ionized, therefore an ionic equilibrium occurs
between their molecules and ions.
4- because angle between bonds in cyclopropane is 60oc, while that in normal propane is
109.5o and as the angle between bonds decreases, the combination between carbon atoms
becomes weak and the compound becomes more active.
0.1 x 10 = 0.001
B:- Number of used moles of hydrochloric acid= 1000
1 mol of NaOH neutralize with 1 mol of HCl NO. of moles of sodium hydroxide= 0.001
The molar mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g/mol.
Mass of sodium hydroxide in mixture = 40 x0.001 = 0.04g
Percentage of sodium hydroxide in the mixture = 0.04/0.1 x 100% = 40%
CH3

+ CH3 CL AlCL3 + HCL

anhydrous
2-
2- COOH COONa

+ NaOH + H2O

NO2

H2SO4
+ HO NO2 H2O +
50o c

Question (5)
A:- 1-found the relation between the degree of ionization and concentration of solution per
mol/litre and state that ( at constant temperature the degree of ionization increase by
dilution.

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2- Wohler performed an experiment which was considered to be the

beginning of the end of Berzelius theory. Wohler was able to prepare
Urea, which is organic compound, by heating aqueous solution of two inorganic
compounds (Ammonium chloride and silver cyanate solution).

Complete reaction Reversible reaction

Property Organic Compounds Inorganic Compounds

1- Chemical Consist of carbon and

May contain C and H
Structure hydrogen
2- Type of bond Covalent bond Often ionic bonds
3- Melting point Low melting point High melting point
4- Ability to
conduct Do not conduct electricity Often conduct electricity
electricity
Often liquid inorganic are non
5- Inflammability Liquid organic are inflammable
inflammable
1- Proceeds in one direction 1- Proceeds in both directions
because one of the products forward and backward.
escapes from the system.
2- The products can not combine 2- Both the reactants and products
with each other once more are always found in the reaction
reforming the reactants. medium.

3- The decreases in activation energy after using the catalyst = 210-180= 30 Kj/mol
So, the activation energy of the catalyst.
B:- 1- 1- ethyl formate, methyl acetate.
2- methyl acetate, ethyl acetate.
3- acetic acid, formic, and oxalic acid.
2- Explanation: the battery works during charging as an electrolytic cell, where a non-
spontaneous chemical reaction occurs on passing the electric current.
This means storing the electric energy from the external source in a form of
chemical energy.
Therefore, the secondary cells (lead battery) are considered as battery which store energy.
Charging equation:
charge Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4
2PbSO4 + 2H2O

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First session 2016

Question (1)
A: - 1- b 2- d 3- b 4- c 5- c
B:- 1- 1- is used in the manufacture of car tires, black painting, polishes and printing ink.
2- Is used in sun protection cosmetics, dental implants, artificial joints
and its alloy are used in the manufacture of
aircrafts and space shuttle.
3- Is used in cooking utensil and surgical threads.
2- Ammonolysis: of esters react with ammonia to give acid amide and alcohol.
3- Markownikoffs rule: on adding an asymmetric reagent (H+X-) Or (H-SO3H) to an
asymmetric alkene, the positive part of the reagent is added to the carbon atom which carries
a large number of hydrogen atoms and the negative part is added to the carbon atoms which
carries less number of hydrogen atoms.
C:- 1- 1- adding a catalyst.
2- powdering magnesium.
3- increasing temperature.
4- increasing concentration of the acid.
Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 conc
FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O
2-
Question (2)
A:- 1- paramagnetic sybstance.
2- qualitative analysis.
3- le-chatlier principle.
4- the gram equivelant mass.
5- homologous series.
B:- 1- a 1 mole 2- b 6 moles
3- a halothane 4- b gamixane
H CL
Br F H
H
Cl
CL
H C C F H
Cl
Cl
H
Cl F H Cl
3- Molecular formula for the first precipitate is Al(OH)3 .the molecular formula of the
second precipitate is Fe(OH)3.
[NO2]2 (0.0032)2
KC = [N2 O4] = = 0.213 M
[N2O4] 4.81 X 10-5
C:-
2- electroplating.look at your book.
Question (3)
A:- 1- Due to the presence of the 3d unpaired electrons which may be used in the formation of
bonds between the atoms of the metal surface and the reacting molecules leading to an
increase in the concentration of these molecules at the surface of the catalyst, so the
activation energy decreases which helps to increase the speed of the reaction.
2- because it is lightest metal and it has the lowes reduction potential (-3.04 v) or
highest oxidation potential.
3- because it forms hydrogen bonds between water molecules and prevent their
combination with each other in the form of ice crystals.

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4- because it attracts to the lone pair of oxygen atom forming co-ordinate bond.
5- due to the presence of a great number of basic radicals also in their interference
with each other, also the same radical may have more than one oxidation state.
B:- 1- H2S turns a paper wetted with lead acetate solution to black.
2- NO2 has a reddish brown color which increases by adding more copper.
C8H18 pressure/heat C4H8 + C4H10
catalyst

2- 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

C:- 1- hydration 2- polymerization 3- nitration 4- halogenations.

cold
CaC2 + H2 O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

3C2H2 red hot C6H6

Ni tube
NO2

H2SO4
+ HO NO2 H2O +
50o c

NO2 NO2

+ CL2 Fe + HCL
dark
CL
2- emf= 0.7-(-0.4) = 1.1 volt or (0.7 + 0.4)= 1.1 volt
Electric current is produced because the value of emf is positive value which means that the reaction is spontaneous.
Question (4)
A:- 1- 4-bromo-1-chloro-2-nitro benzene
2- 2-chloro-4-methyl hexane.
2-
a- anodic cover Cathodic cover
Covering the metal by another more Covering the metal by another active
active metal. metal to protect it from corrosion.
EX:- plating iron with Zn or Mg EX:- plating iron with tin.

Substitution alloys Inter-metallic alloys

They are formed when atoms of the added The elements forming the alloy combine
element occupy the spaces between the with each other chemically to form a
atoms in crystal lattice of pure metal. chemical compound, its chemical formula
disobey valence law .

EX:carbon-iron alloy EX:cementite

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B:- 1-he said that : at constant temperature, the degree of ionization increasing by dilution
until the equilibrium constant for ionization is constant.
2- he performed an experiment which was considered to be the beginning of the end of
Berzelius theory. Wohler was able to prepare Urea, which is organic compound, by heating
an aqueous solution of two inorganic compounds (Ammonium chloride and silver cyanate
solution).
2- a- 4 b- 2,6 c-1 b- 3
C:- equation No. C.

Ma X Va Mb X Vb
=
na nb
2-
Mb= 0.06 M No. of moles= 0.025 x 0.06 = 0.0015 mole
Mass = 40 x 0.0015 = 0.06 g
3- the yellow ore is 2Fe2O3.3H2O. the red ore is Fe2O3.
Question (5)
A:- 1- the functional groups are NH2 and COOH.
2- the monomer is propene.
3- X is alcohol, Y is phenol.
X reacts with sodium hydroxide while Z doesnt react with it.
B:-
1- it is the formation of a thin layer of oxide on the metal surface which protect it from further
reaction.
2- they are chemical substances which change their color according to the change in the
reaction medium.
3- at constant temp the rate of the chemical reaction is directly proportional to the
multiplication of the reactant concentration each is raised to the power of the no of molecules
or ions in the balanced chemical equation.
4- it takes place between two different monomers and accompined by losing a simple
molecule such as water.

2-
Points of comparison Mercury cell Lead battery
a- type Galvanic primary cell Galvanic secondary cell
b- the electrolyte KOH H2SO4

/P
+ 3H2
cat
C:-
Sc+3 < Ni+2 < Fe+2

Ka= 1.8 X 10-4.

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