Experiment #:

Date:

Title: Osmosis

Aim: to determine the effect of osmosis on plant cells.

Apparatus & Material: beakers, scalpel, potato, potato borer, salt, distilled water, top pan
balance, ruler.

Method:

1. Use the potato borer to obtain two strips of potato.

2. Identify the potato strips as strip A and strip B.
3. Measure the lengths of the two potato strips and record the lengths.
4. Weigh the potato strips on the top pan balance and record the weight.
5. Pour about 20cm3 of distilled water into two beakers and add salt to one of them.
6. Label one beaker as strip A and the other as strip B.
7. Place the potato strips in the respective beakers.
8. Let the potato strips stay in the beaker for about 45mins then take them out and observe
the texture.
9. Record the length and weight of the potato strips again.

Results:

Put the results in a table. That is the mass and length of the potato strips.

Give the table a suitable title.

Discussion:

What is osmosis?

What solutions are used to describe osmosis?

In two sentences state what you did in the experiment.

Explain your results (explain the changes in the potato strips).

List two precautions.

Conclusion: answer the aim

Experiment #:
Date:

Title: Diffusion

Aim:

Apparatus & Material:

Method:

1. Place small pieces of red litmus paper of equal size in the test tube at equal distances
apart.
2. Connect the test tube in the horizontal position to a clamp stand.
3. Use the dropper to add three drops of ammonium hydroxide on the cotton swab and
immediately place it in the mouth of the test tube.
4. Use a stop watch to record the time it takes for each red litmus paper to turn blue.
5. Repeat the experiment using 6 drops of ammonium hydroxide.
6. Tabulate the results

Results:

Table:

Give the table a suitable title

Discussion:

What is diffusion?

Explain the factors that affect diffusion.

Use two sentences to explain what you did in the experiment.

Analysis

What results did you expect based on your knowledge?

What were the results you got?

Use your knowledge to explain the results.

List two precautions.

Conclusion:

Experiment #:
Date:

Title:

Aim:

Apparatus & Material

Method:

Test Observation Inference

Test for Reducing Sugar

1. Add 1cm3of 0.1 glucose solution to a test tube.

2. Add an equal volume of Benedicts solution.
3. Shake the mixture and place it in a boiling tube for
about 5mins.
4. Record observations over this time period.

Test for starch

1. Add 1cm3 of 5% starch solution to a test tube.

2. Add a few drops of iodine solution to the test tube.
3. Record observations.
Biuret test for protein

1. Add 1cm3 of protein (albumen) solution to a test

tube.
2. Add an equal volume of sodium hydroxide
solution and mix.
3. Add 2 drops of copper sulphate solution and mix.
4. Record observations.

Lipid test

1. Pour 2cm3 of ethanol in a test tube and add 1cm3 of

oil and shake well.
2. Allow the solution to settle for 3mins.
3. Pour 2cm3 of distilled water in a next test tube.
4. Pour the clear layer of the oil and ethanol mixture
into the test tube with water.
5. Record observations.

Non-reducing sugar test

 1. Add 1cm3 of sucrose solution to a test tube.
2. Add 1cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid to the test
tube and place it in a water bath for 1min.
3. Allow the test tube to cool then add sodium
bicarbonate.
4. Place the test tube back in the water bath for about
5mins.
5. Observe the colour changes over this period.

Discussion:

What are macromolecules?

Write at two sentences about each macromolecule.

Explain how the different color changes were obtained.

List two precautions.

Conclusion: