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1.0 OBJECTIVE
To determine the characteristic of Pelton Turbine by using several speed.
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they have
learned to:
a. Understand the basic operating system of the Pelton turbine.
b. Understand the factors which influence the efficiency of turbine.
3.0 THEORY
A Pelton Turbine characteristic operation curve can be derived by using the same method as a
pump. It is because the velocity is usually assumed as an independent parameter when the
plotting of power, efficiency, torque and discharge are carried out. Mechanical Power, Pm
(watt) = Rotation ( , Nm) Circular velocity ( , rad/sec). Where, T=Force(N)
2radius / min
60 sec/ min
Radius(m)(Nm) and (rad/s) where, 1 revolution is equal to 2 radius.
Pw gHQ g
3
Meanwhile, Water Power, where, is water density (100kg/m ), is gravity
H Q
constant (9.81m/s2), is head at inlet point (m) and is flowrate (m3/s). Wheel efficiency,
Pm
% 100
Pw x x
. To convert the unit of rpm to radians per minute is given by, rpm= (
x
revolution/min)=( x2 radian)/min.
4.0 EQUIPMENTS
1. Pelton Turbine
2. Tachometer
3. Stopwatch
5.0 PROCEDURES
1. The bell brake is fixed according to the W1 value (Neglect W1 = 0)
2. The level ball should be push up before the pump is on.
3. The pump is switch on.
4. Open the valve controller from low level to high level.
5. The pressure reading is obtained from the most high sound from the valve controlled.
6. The pressure obtained is recorded.
7. The RPM reading is obtained from the optic tachometer. (The reading which a frequently
is recorded)
8. The W2 value is obtained from the bell brake.
9. The level ball should be pushed down.
10. The stop watch is use to obtained the time needed to reach 5 liter volume of water.
11. The level ball should be pushed up after recording the time.
12. The valve controller should be off.
13. The pump is switch off.
14. Repeat the procedure according to the next W1 valve.
W2 W1 (N)
0 0.8 1.8 2.5 2.9 3.3
Drum Radius
x10-3m 30 30 30 30 30 30
Rotation
0 0.024 0.054 0.075 0.087 0.099
(Nm)
Pm(W)
0 19.81 43.41 38.14 31.01 20.58
Volume (l)
5 5 5 5 5 5
Time(s)
23 23 23 23 23 23
Flowrate (m3/s)
2.17x10-4 2.17x10-4 2.17x10-4 2.17x10-4 2.17x10-4 2.17x10-4
Efficiency (%) 0 0.46 1.00 0.88 0.71 0.47
3. Calculate the velocity where the maximum power is reached. Give your comment based
on the level of maximum efficiency.
4. State five (5) safety factors that have been taken in the experiment?
The Pelton turbine machine have been ensured in good condition before
experiment started.
The experiment must be conduct properly to make sure incident not happen
because this experiment involved the electricity and water.
All group member must read and understand the manual sheet before make an
experiment to avoid injuries while conducting the experiment.
While the RPM reading taken by using tachometer, must beware to avoid injuries
as if hand or fingers touched the moving belt brake wheel.
Before turned off the switch, make sure our hand in dry condition to avoid electric
shocked that could be dangerous.
9.0 CONCLUSION
The numerical analysis of flow in the Pelton turbine was performed for several operating