How To Use The Command Prompt To Fix Issues With Your PC's Boot Records - Digital Citizen PDF

How to use the Command Prompt to fix issues with your PC's boot records | Digital Citizen http://www.digitalcitizen.
life/command-prompt-fix-issues-your-boot-records
DIGITAL CITIZEN
How to use the Command Prompt

to fix issues with your PC's boot
records
TUTORIAL by Ciprian Adrian Rusen published on 02/02/2017
You can use system recovery tools to fix most of your computer
problems. However, there are times when you'll need to address such
issues in a manual way, like, for example, when your Windows
computer won't boot. In these cases, you can use a tool named
Bootrec.exe. It can help you troubleshoot and repair things like the
master boot record (MBR), the boot sector or the Boot Configuration
Data (BCD) store. Here's how it works, in all modern versions of
Windows:
NOTE: This guide covers Windows 10, Windows 7 and Windows 8.1.
Bootrec.exe - The ultimate repair tool for boot

problems in Windows
No matter whether you use Windows 7 or Windows 10, if your
operating system has trouble booting and Startup Repair
(http://www.digitalcitizen.life/fix-problems-
keep-windows-81-loading-start-repair) can't fix the problem,
it's worth trying the Bootrec.exe tool. With this tool you can repair the
Master Boot Record (MBR), write a new boot sector, rebuild the Boot
Configuration Data (BCD) and add missing Windows installations to
the boot configuration data.
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How to use the Command Prompt to fix issues with your PC's boot records | Digital Citizen http://www.digitalcitizen.life/command-prompt-fix-issues-your-boot-records
If you need to know what all these mean, heres an explanation for each
of them:
Master Boot Record (MBR) - the first sector of your system

drive. Its purpose is to tell the computers BIOS where to look for
the operating system, so that it can start it.
Boot sector - the region of the disk that contains the code to be
loaded into the RAM memory, that is necessary to load the
operating system. A boot sector must have a specific disk
signature to be seen by BIOS as a boot sector. If this signature is
corrupted, or has been changed, the BIOS will not be able to find
the boot sector and won't be able to load the necessary
instructions for finding and starting the operating system. In
Windows 7 and newever versions of Windows, the boot sector
loads the Windows Boot Manager, accesses the Boot
Configuration Data and uses this information to load the
operating system
Boot Configuration Data (BCD) - The BCD is a database of
boot-time configuration data that is used by the Windows Boot
Manager. The Boot Configuration Data is stored in a data file
that has the same format as the Windows Registry.
How to start the Command Prompt when

Windows wont load successfully
In order to be able to use Bootrec.exe, you'll have to use Command
Prompt. However, because you already have startup issues, it's obvious
that you won't be able to simply run it from Windows.
You need to use a repair disc or a recovery drive that was created on a
working Windows computer. Here are some guides that will help you
create such discs/drives:
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What is a system repair disc and how to create one in Windows

(http://www.digitalcitizen.life/what-system-
repair-disc-and-how-create-one-windows) - this guide
applies to all modern versions of Windows. Windows 7 users can
only use this method if they want to have a chance at repairing
the computer. The repair disc can be a CD or DVD with all the
necessary files for troubleshooting your system
How to create a recovery drive in Windows 10
(http://www.digitalcitizen.life/how-create-
recovery-drive-windows-10) - learn how to create a
bootable USB memory stick with recovery tools for Windows 10.
How to create a recovery drive on a USB memory stick in
Windows 8 & 8.1 (http://www.digitalcitizen.life
/how-create-recovery-drive-usb-memory-stick-
windows-8-81) - this guide is useful for Windows 8 users only.
Once you have recovery drive/disc created, boot from it. In order to do
that, plug it in and start your Windows computer or device. Immediately
after it starts, press the boot device selection key on your keyboard. Its
usually the F12, F11 or the Escape key, but it could be another as well,
depending on the manufacturer of your devices mainboard. Doing that
will make your computer display a boot priority selection menu. Use the
arrow keys on the keyboard to select the recovery drive. Then, press
Enter and, when asked to press any key to boot from that drive, do so.
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If you are using Windows 10 or Windows 8.1, once your PC boots from
the USB drive, you will be asked to choose the keyboard layout that you
want to use. When this happens, click or tap on the layout that matches
your keyboard. To navigate between all the available keyboard layouts,
press See more keyboard layouts.
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The list of available keyboard languages is quite long and you may have
to scroll a lot until you find the layout that you want to use. On the next
screen, you should click or tap on Troubleshoot (Reset your PC or see
advanced options).
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On the Advanced options screen, click or tap on Command Prompt.
If you are using Windows 7, first, select the keyboard input method that
you want to use and click Next.
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Then, it scans for available Windows installations and lists those that are
found. Select the Windows 7 installation that you want to repair and
click Next.
Then, when the list of available System Recovery Options are shared,
click Command Prompt.
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Once you've launched the Command Prompt, type the command

bootrec.exe and hit Enter to see the options that are available for this
tool. As you can see in the screenshot below, there are four parameters
available: /FixMbr, /FixBoot, /ScanOs and /RebuildBcd.
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Lets see how each of them can help you solve your computers boot
problems. Keep in mind though, that even if the Bootrec.exe tool can
handle most boot problems, it does not guarantee success in every
possible situation.
How to repair the Master Boot Record (MBR)

The first parameter of the Bootrec.exe tool is /FixMbr. It allows the
repair of a corrupted or damaged Master Boot Record (MBR). Usually,
you will use this parameter when you are faced with one of these error
messages: Operating System not found", Error loading operating
system", Missing operating system" or Invalid partition table". To
start the repair process of the MBR, run the command: bootrec.exe
/fixmbr.
How to write a new boot sector

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The /FixBoot parameter writes a new boot sector to the system

partition. The tool will use a boot sector that is compatible with your
Windows version. Using this parameter is useful in the following
situations:
The boot sector has been replaced with a non-standard Windows

boot sector;
The boot sector is damaged;
An earlier Windows operating system has been installed after
your version of Windows was installed.
To start writing a new boot sector, use this command: bootrec.exe

/fixboot.
How to rebuild the Boot Configuration Data

(BCD)
The Boot Configuration Data (BCD) contains a detailed list of what is
supposed to load at startup. Microsoft indicates that a boot error can
also be caused by missing or damaged files in the BCD. The /rebuildbcd
parameter can be very useful when you must fix some errors by
completely rebuilding the BCD. To completely rebuild the Boot
Configuration Data, run this command: bootrec.exe /rebuildbcd.
Hownavigation,
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missing
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cookies. By continuing to the
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Boot Configuration Data

If your computer has multiple operating systems installed but not all of
them are available, use the /ScanOS option. Using this parameter on
Bootrec.exe will launch a scan on all disks for any Windows
installations that are not currently included in the Boot Configuration
Data (BCD). In the screenshot below, you can see how this scan process
might look.
If the bootrec.exe /scanos command returns results, you will be able to

continue the repair process. In the end, you will get the lost Windows
installation back into the secure BCD table, thus making it bootable
again.
First of all, you have to clean the Master Boot Record (MBR) by using
bootrec /fixmbr. Next, type bootsect.exe /nt60 all /force and press
Enter. The /nt60 parameter applies the master boot code that is
compatible with BOOTMGR. The /all argument updates the master boot
code on all partitions. The /force parameter forcibly dismounts the
volume(s) during the boot code update so that the Bootsect.exe tool
does not gain exclusive volume access.
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Running all these commands will create a new MBR and tell it to use
the correct Windows boot loader in order to load that specific
installation from your drive.
Conclusion
As you can from this guide, Bootrec.exe is a very powerful tool for
troubleshooting and fixing problems with your Windows computer's
boot records. If you know other ways to fix issues with your boot
records, dont hesitate to share them in a comment.
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How to use the Command Prompt to fix issues with your PC's boot records | Digital Citizen http://www.digitalcitizen.

How to use the Command Prompt

Bootrec.exe - The ultimate repair tool for boot

Master Boot Record (MBR) - the first sector of your system

How to start the Command Prompt when

What is a system repair disc and how to create one in Windows

On the Advanced options screen, click or tap on Command Prompt.

Once you've launched the Command Prompt, type the command

How to repair the Master Boot Record (MBR)

How to write a new boot sector

The /FixBoot parameter writes a new boot sector to the system

The boot sector has been replaced with a non-standard Windows

To start writing a new boot sector, use this command: bootrec.exe

How to rebuild the Boot Configuration Data

Boot Configuration Data

If the bootrec.exe /scanos command returns results, you will be able to

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