Points of Oxygen (O 2) Carbon dioxide Nitrogen (N)

comparison (CO2)
The percentage 21% 0.03% 78%
The sources By green plants during 1- Respiration of living organisms. Exist in:
photosynthesis process. 2- Combustion (burning) of organic 1- The atmospheric air.
Co 2 + water food + O 2 materials such as: (wood - coal oil 2- The soil (as nitrogen oxide).
gasoline tobacco). 3- Legumes plant (as protein).
3- Combustion (burning) of 4- Living organisms tissues as Protein.
fuel in Industrial factories
and means of transportation.

The structure 2 atoms of oxygen 1 carbon atom + 2 oxygen atoms 2 atoms of nitrogen
Preparation in
lab.

Hydrogen peroxide Manganese dioxide

oxygen + water Catalyst
Calcium carbonate + dil (Hcl)

CO 2

Collection Downward displacement of water Upward of displacement of air Downward displacement of water
during
preparation
Properties 1- It is colorless, tasteless and 1- It is colorless and odorless. 1- It doesnt help in burning.
odorless gas.
2- It is heavier than the air so it is 2- It is colorless tasteless and odorless gas.
2- It is scarcely (rarely) dissolves collected by upward displacement
in water. of air. 3- It is scarcely ( rarely) dissolves in water.

3- It doesn't burn, but helps in burning 3- It is easily dissolves in water 4- It can be condensed into liquefied nitrogen.
4- It has a neutral effect on litmus so it is not collected by displacing
paper (doesnt change the color of the water. 5- It combines with lighted magnesium ribbon
blue and red litmus paper). forming a white substance that reacts with
4- It doesn't burn and doesn't help water forming ammonia gas which has
5- It is heavier than air. (as it In burning (so it is used in fire pungent smell.
replaces it). extinguishing).

5- In the presence of carbon dioxide

gas, a magnesium ribbon keeps
burning and turns into:
a- Magnesium oxide (white powder).
b- Carbon (coal) (black powder)
deposits on the wall of the cylinder.

Uses and 1- It is necessary for respiration 1- It is used in refrigeration. 1- Filling car tires. (G.R)
importance of and food burning process to produce (making dry ice) - Because it is relatively constant in
energy necessary for vital process. (When converting carbon dioxide volume when the temperature
the gas
into a liquid by pressure and
changes.
2- Water is composed of oxygen cooling then the
combines with hydrogen. pressure is relived forming dry
ice that we used in refrigeration) 2- Treatment of skin tumors.
3- Ozone molecule is composed of
three oxygen atoms (O3) which forms 2- It is used in extinguish (put off) 3- Cooling and preserving food, medicines
ozone layer. fires .(G.R) and vaccines. (G.R)
(Because it doesnt burn and - Because nitrogen changes into liquid
doesnt help in burning) at very low temperature so it makes
 4- Oxygen gas gets compressed in
iron cylinders that can be used in:
a- Mechanical ventilation.(for
patients suffer from breathing
difficulties )
b- During surgeries.
c- During diving and climbing
mountains.
G.R:-Oxygen cylinder is used when
U 5-Green plants use CO 2 in
a person climbs a mountain.
- because oxygen is heavier
than air, So its percentage
decreases when we rise
above the Earths surface.
5- Oxygen combines with acetylene
gas to form oxy- acetylene flame
that is used in cutting and welding
of metals.
G.R: -Oxy- acetylene flame is used
U
3- It is used to make soft drinks.
4- It is used to make bread bubbled.
(as yeast after fermentation
produces CO 2 which gets expanded
by heat making bread porous and
tasty.)
photosynthesis process to produce
its food and oxygen.
7- Nitrogen is used in the manufacture of :
food freeze quickly.
4- Nitrogen is used in making ammonium
nitrate and ammonia which are used in
manufacturing soil fertilizers.
5- Nitrogen is used to store petroleum. (G.R)
-Because nitrogen is an inactive gas
(doesnt help in burning).
6- Nitrogen is used in small amounts to
fill some type of lamps.
a- Gunpowder (explosives)
b- Electronic devices
c- Stainless steel

in cutting and welding of metals.

- Because its temperature
reaches to 3500 C.

Discovering and By Joseph Pristley Known as silent killer By Daniel Rutherford

others. known as Azote that means lifeless gas.