Design History File Team: Mariam Alsaleh, Omar Ismail, Corey

Department of Nicholson
Biomedical Engineering Class: BME 2910
Wayne State University Semester/Year: Winter 2017

Project: Camera Attachment to Counteract Involuntary Movements

User Needs Summary: Design Development:

Stabilize camera Concept Map
Affordable Morph Matrix
Lightweight Pugh Matrix
Durable
Universal
Fully operational using one hand
Design Input Summary: Design Output Summary:
Utilizes a gyroscope and motor Arduino 101 contains gyroscopes and
Usable with different types of phones accelerometers
Costs less than $100 3 Hobby Motors that will allow rotations in 3
Lightweight (total weight < 3 lb)
axes
Durable enough to survive 8 falls above 48
Easy to hold A single clip that is adjustable to any phone
PLA is strong, durable, and lightweight
A Single Rod: 6 tall and 1.5 in diameter

Design Verification Summary: Design Review Summary:

Cost Drop testing the device
Impact Strength of PLA Weight of the device
Arduino 101 will steady camera Arduino 101 programming
Will Support all types of phones

Design Change Summary: Plans for Future Developments:

How will steady be defined? Redesign
Adding more sensors Validate
Joystick to control camera Incorporate most neurological dysfunctions
Material change
 Table of Contents
Title Page

Design Input 2

Problem Statement

User Needs

Design Specifications

Design Development 5

Concept Map

Morph Matrix/Initial Sketches

Pugh Matrix

Design Output 10

Design Overview

Parts/ Materials Needed

Design Verification 11

Design Sketches 13

Design Review 14

Summary of feedback

Design Changes

Plans for Future Development 17

NX Models/Technical Drawings 18

Design Change Summary 28

References 30

1
Design Input

Problem Statement

Design a device that helps our patient use a camera more efficiently and to help improve his/her
quality of life.

Background

We are designing a device that will help a 33 year old male, with paralysis of the right side of the

body but has full use of his left hand, to easily take pictures with his functioning hand. Stroke

patients with hemiplegia, paralysis of one side of the body, have trouble noticing the other side

of their body [8]. Designing this device will help these patients visualize their other half. This

will essentially help their overall balance. Because patients with hemiplegia have trouble

following the midline, the pictures they take tend to be tilted and in some cases, muscle tremors

can form while they hold the tilted camera [8]. That is why our patient will need a durable,

convenient, and lightweight device to better be able to hold/operate a camera.

User Needs

Using the above statement, there are several desirable conditions:

Stabilize camera

Affordable

Lightweight

Made of durable material

Universal

Held using only one hand

The main use of the device is to steady a camera for people with tremors or muscle

spasms. The device should compensate for any camera shake caused by the user. The design of

our device will stabilize the users phone with less motion. The device should also be affordable.

2
We define affordable as under a $100. This is due to the fact that there are currently high tech

steadicams that are used in filmmaking and they are typically between $300-$1000, which we

define as expensive. We would also like the device to be relatively lightweight. This is very

important because if the weight of the device can affect whether or not this device will lead to

muscle spasms in the patient. Another user need is that the device needs to be made of durable

material. Designing a sturdy device is crucial because stroke patients tend to have trouble

walking and they are prone to falling. The device should be able to withstand multiple falls in

case of an accident. The device should also be universal. This means that the device should be

support all types of phones. The final user need is a necessity in our design. Due to the fact that

the patient does not have control of half his body, the device should be completely operational

using one hand. This included attaching and detaching the phone.

Design Specifications

Utilizes a gyroscope and motor

Usable with different types of phones

Costs less than $100

Lightweight (total weight < 3 lb)

Durable enough to survive 8 falls above 48

Easy to hold

The main purpose of this device is to stabilize the camera. In order to do this, we will

utilize a gyroscope and motor system that will counteract the patients muscle spasms. The device

must be easy to use for the intended user. This includes the attachment of the device and

operation of device. The device needs to be adjustable to hold all types of smart phones. More

3
specifically the device should hold different iphones with or without a case. The device should

allow for the phone to be detachable using only one hand. This is due to the device being used by

only one hand by the user and should not require assistance by another person.

The device must not exceed the weight of 3 pounds. This weight is relatively fair in that it

accounts for the weight the material must be to hold a phone without breaking, but also considers

the demographic, in this case a 33-year-old male with paralysis of the right side of the body, but

has full use of the left hand. The user need to be able to hold the device with ease when operating

the camera. Weighing more than 3 pounds will add unnecessary weight to the users arm and

cause the user to drop the device. The device needs to be easy to hold. The device should provide

a comfortable grip without causing cramping or fatigue to the hand of the person using the

device.

Material for the device must be durable enough to endure the force required to hold an

iphone and not break if the user were to drop the device. If dropped at 48 inches 26 times without

any damage, the device is considered durable enough according to an article on military drop

tests (Hill). This accounts for the possibility that the device is accidentally dropped by the user if

they could no longer hold the weight. The cost of materials and creation of the device must not

exceed $100, although we would like the device to sell for around $45 to $65. A user would not

buy a device that would hold/operate a camera that exceeds even $100. This is due to its single

function and lack of difficult technology involved with the device.

4
Design Development
Concept Map

Morph Matrix and Initial Sketches

5
Sketch Ball

Sketch Walker

6
Sketch Glove

Sketch Joystick

7
Pugh Matrix

Link to baseline: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01J6IRC3Y?psc=1

8
Overview

With the initial design process, the team first started saying random ideas for a steadicam.

This ranged from ridiculous designs to somewhat more plausible designs. Eventually a few ideas

were created that could be useful or lead somewhere in a design. Next the ideas fell into place

and were put into categorizes. This led to the concept map where each group and useable ideas

became visualized around the central camera attachment. Later these groups became smaller and

it was then made into a morph matrix. With the morph matrix, randomly selected ideas from

each group were chosen. Then a rough sketch was made for each of these design just to give an

idea on what the combination would look like. After a review of these sketches a key design was

created. This key design is what was eventually used and presented during a design review. To

make sure this new design was better than the other designs and different than other products

already out on the market, a pugh matrix was created. The simple product we chose already on

the market was set as the baseline. Each sketch and baseline was compared against a function of

the device. Each function of the device was given a weight from 1 to 5 with 5 being the highest

weight. The higher the weight the more important the function. If the device did better than the

baseline it was given a 1, same a 0, and if worse a -1. Each score was multiplied by the baseline

and added up. Our final sketch received the highest score, and then the team focused on making

that design.

9
Design Output
Utilizing the gyroscopes in the Arduino 101

Two hobby motors to rotate 2 axes

Clip and Mount adjustable to any Smart phone.

Utilizes bluetooth to take a photo

PLA material

When making the design, it was vital for the phone to be stabilized to counteract the

condition of stroke patients. To achieve this, the electric system of the Arduino 101 and three

motors were chosen. The Arduino 101 can be compared to the brain in this system. It can be in

control of the motors, and it has gyroscope, accelerometer, and bluetooth functions. The Arduino

101 will sense when the phone will be moved, and sends a message to the motors to counteract

the movement. The hobby motors are able to move along one axis, so two motors are used for

two different axes. The device needed to be universal to improve market size, and in case the

subject changes phones. To achieve this, the system will utilize bluetooth from the Arduino 101

because the Iphone 7 has removed the headphone jack. To account for any size of a phone, the

system will use a simple clip on mechanism to hold the phone in place. For the main material

used, PLA was chosen because it is a very affordable, only costing $0.053/gram, durable, and

lightweight, having a density of 1.25 g/cm3. Using a pipe that has a height of 6 in, outer radius of

1.5 in and inner radius of 1 in, the weight is about 1.4 lb. The two motors only weighed 0.172

lbs. The low cost of PLA gives more room for cost of the electronics, mainly the Arduino 101

which costs $30. Having the body made of PLA, also makes the device durable to withstand falls

from 4 ft. The pipe has the dimensions of a height of 6 in, outer radius of 1.5 in and inner radius

of 1 in to provide a large enough handle, and to have compartment space for the electronics of a

motor, power source, button to take photos, wiring, and a switch.

10
Design Verification

User Needs Design Input Design Output Verification

Steadys Camera Gyro and Motor Hobby, Arduino 101 Sketches

Affordable <$100 PLA, Hobby, Arduino Cost $37

101 -Arduino 101=$30 [1]
-PLA = $0.053/gram[7]
-Motor = $2 each [3]

Lightweight <3lb PLA, Electronic Parts 1.8<lb [3]

Durable 8 falls above 48 PLA Impact Strength 7kJ/m2 [6]

Universal Holds any phone Clip and bluetooth Largest: Huawei MediaPad X1
[9]
Dimensions:103.9 x 183.5 x
7.18mm
Smallest: Sony Xperia Z5 [9]
Dimensions: 146 x 72 x 7.3 mm

One-Hand Easy to hold Single rod Sketches

The main function of this device is to steady the camera. In order to do this, we will be

implementing the arduino 101 with three motors. In order to make sure that this system will

steady the camera, we will be performing a series of validation tests. This device is fairly cheap

for a SteadiCam. The arduino 101, the most essential part of this device, will cost $30 [1]. The

rest of the device will consist of PLA, which costs 58 cents per pound [7] and the motors cost $2

each [3]. This leads to a total cost of $37, which is significantly less than our target price. To

determine the weight of the device, there are 3 parts to consider. The device that will take the

picture, in this case an Iphone SE, the handle made of PLA, and the two motors. The Iphone SE

11
weighs 0.2491 lb, the handle weighs 1.404 lb [3], and the three motors weigh 0.172 lb [3].

Adding all three components will result in a device that weighs less than 1.8 lbs. In order to

verify that the device will be durable enough, we will implement a drop test. The device should

be able to withstand 8 falls from a height of 48; if so, the device will be as durable as the

Iphone SE [4]. Since the user only has one functional hand, he will need to insert the device

using his one hand. To do this we will be using a clipping system. Essentially the user will slide

his phone into the clipping system, it will snap and the phone will be secured. In order to detach

the device, the user needs to push the device inwards and then immediately pull the phone out of

the system. In order to truly make this device universal, we have researched the largest and

smallest smartphones that are currently on the market. The largest smartphone is the Huawei

MediaPad X1 and it's dimensions are 103.9 x 183.5 x 7.18 mm [9]. The smallest smartphone is

the Sony Xperia Z5 and it's dimensions are 146 x 72 x 7.3 mm [9]. Therefore, the clip should be

able to support any device that is within the dimensions mentioned above. It is also important to

keep in mind that the clip needs to hold a certain amount of weight which will need to be

evaluated later.

12
Design Sketches

13
Design Review

Background

People involved: Brian Mundo, Dr. Tan, Yang Zhou, UV Sanitation Group, Iron Hand

Group

Date of Review: 7 December 2016

Summary of Feedback

Most of the feedback went into how we define and present our device, which will be

taken into consideration the next time the device is presented. There were a few key feedback

points that have been useful in designing a better device. A point made by Dr. Tan was How do

you define steady? This point needed to be discussed because it is a key aspect into our design.

Also another point that was brought up was allowing the phone to be in different position such as

taking a photo upwards or downward. The last useful point was to add more sensors which was

made by Yang Zhou. Utilizing more sensors may result in a steadier camera. Other comments

involved were defined as lower feedback. These often contained feedback that would entirely

change our device or add unwanted features.

Design Changes

Immediate changes to the device will be made. Adding to the design inputs and design

outputs, the device will steady the camera enough to counteract the small rapid movements

resulting in non blurry images. The device will also keep the camera level allowing for a straight

midline parallel to the horizon. Also utilizing the accelerometers in the Arduino 101 will be

implemented into this device in order to help with stability. Creating a joystick or some sort of

button mechanism will be created in order for the camera to be able to stabilize in different

positions. This will have a master control over a motor and allow the camera to tilt up or down.

As for the feedback in the lower feedback group, all comment will be discussed in the future and

14
taken into consideration, and they will be either given reasons for or against implementing into

our design.

Updated Design Sketches

15
16
Plans For Future Development
For future development, the team will consider any further feedback that will be given in

the future as well as any feedback that is more long term such as some of the feedback that was

given during the design review presentation on December 7, 2016. Any of the useful feedback

will be incorporated into our design or given a reason to not be incorporated. After feedback a

prototype and validation tests will need to be created in order to verify our design will meet our

user needs. A test will be made that will adequately determine how effectively the device

steadies a camera. A drop test will determine on how durable the design is. Lastly, new designs

of the device will be made to create a broader impact on the population. The device will be

further designed to incorporate all neurological dysfunctions that involve muscle tremors or other

reasons for patients to have trouble taking a steady picture.

17
NX Models/Technical Drawings
Part 1:

Part 1 is one of the main parts of the NX design and it where the user will be holding the

object. Almost The general shape of the object was determined prior to creation when designing

other parts. The diameter of 2.5 in was determined by a general shape of motors, and what was

comfortable grasping different cylindrical objects. The height of 8 in was also determined from

grasping different cylindrical objects and how the hands would lie on different heights. The

square button was placed 6 in above the base, and this was also determined by a general shape of

the group members hands. Almost all dimensions of the parts were determined prior to the

creation of the parts. This was to ensure the fact that the parts would line up correctly. Part 1 and

part 2 both were roughly sketched before the making of 3D models to make sure the rods of part

2 and the holes of part 1 would line up. The holes in part 1 are wider than the rods in part 2 to

make the assembly easier and also to make sure there is not significant friction because the rods

will be moving up and down.

18
 When creating this part, a circle of 2.5 inches in diameter was sketched and then extruded

to 8 inches in height. A datum plane was then created on top of the cylinder. Next two holes

were placed into the cylinder from the datum plane with its origin in the center line of the

cylinder. The two holes were then given a point on the datum plane with one point being 1.05

inches in the y direction and 1.05 inches in the -x direction. The holes diameters were then set to

0.3 inches and their heights were set to 6 inches going into the cylinder. Next the block feature

was used to create the button. The origin point was created at the point (0,0,6) from the original

origin. Its parameters were then set to -1.4 inches in length, and 0.3 inches in width and height.

Lastly, and edge blend with a radius of 0.3 inches was created at the bottom of the rod to help

with sharp edges.

The main focus of the reviews for this part was to draw and sketch the internal

components of the rod, but this was not implemented because of time, and lack of details. Trying

to sketch out all of the internal components would include wiring, batteries, contraptions, and the

motors. This would take much more time which is out of the scope of the prototype. Lastly, the

full details of the internal components are not yet finalized to create the internal components.

Part 2: Plate with 2 Rods

19
 This part of the device is designed to hold part 1 or the case that the phone will be inside.

Part 3 will be attached on top of this plate. The shape and dimensions of the top part or the plate

was decided based off the phone case. Since the purpose of the part is to hold the plate, it needs

to cover the surface area of the phone case as well. The bottom two rods will go into and down

the body of the device or part 1. As seen in the picture on the right, the two rods are in a peculiar

formation. These rods will be connected to the motors inside the body of the steadicam.

Therefore, we have placed them close to each other. The rod on the left will control the plate

vertically. The rod in the center will control the plate horizontally.

In order to make sure that the rods will fit perfectly into the holes created in part 1, we

had to make sure we used the same datum plane. We decided to create the bottom left corner the

origin of our datum plane. Then we coordinated exactly where the rods and holes will be.

Creating this part was quite simple. The first step is to create a 4x3 inch rectangle and extract it

0.25 inches. The second step is create holes using specific coordinates that were determined

before creating this sketch, as seen in the picture below. Finally, the hole should have a boolean

option to extract it 6 inches.

20
 Although I have not made any direct changes to this part that I created, the NX review

gave me some new ideas to improve it. One of the changes that I have considered is to thread the

bottom of the rods to properly fit into the motor.

Part 3:

This part of the device is designed to hold the phone and will be attached to part 2. Part 2

will be attached on the bottom of this plate with screws. The shape and dimensions of Part 3 was

decided based off the phone case. Since the purpose of the part is to hold the phone, it needs to

hold the phone and phone case as well. The bottom two holes will be used to screw it into the top

plate of Part 2. As seen in the picture above, the two holes are symmetrically even to fit above

the plate of Part 2.

In order to make sure that the holes will fit perfectly into the holes created in part 2, we

had to make sure we used the same datum plane. We decided to create the bottom left corner the

origin of our datum plane. Then we coordinated exactly where the screws and holes will be.

Creating this part was quite simple. The first step is to create a 5x2 inch block and subtract

another box of 5x1.5 inches. The second step is to create a plane on the bottom edge of the part

so that we can create holes. The holes were made using specific coordinates that were

21
determined before creating this sketch, centered and 1.2 inches away from each edge length.

Finally, the holes should have a radius option of 0.2 inches.

Although I have not made any direct changes to my part relating to the NX review, there

are ideas to improve it. One of the changes needed to be done is to thread the bottom of the holes

for the screws to fit in. Also considering how the phone will be held in depending on the material

of this part and so as to not let the phone fall out. I did however change the dimensions of the

blocks to adjust for the sizing of the phone.

Description of the Assembly:

The assembly was created from the bottom up utilizing part 1, the main rod, first because

it was the base of design, Also going from the bottom up made it easier to assemble because it

made it similar to just stacking the components on top of each other. The rod was first was

created and then used the fix constraint to make sure it didnt move when other constraints were

placed. Next part 2 was loaded in and utilizing the touch align tool the centerlines of the rods of

22
part 2 and the holes of part 1 were used to align the two parts together. The move tool was then

used to make part 2 go further down into the cylinder. For part 3 aligning was a bit troublesome.

Standard aligns would not bring the two planes near each other at first, so a touch tool was used

to make the bottom plane of part 3 and top plane of part 2 come together. Part 3 then had to be

rotated 180 degrees to make sure it was facing the right direction. Part 3 then had to be manually

moved to help part 3 become more centered.

Technical Drawing of Parts

Part 1:

23
 The technical drawings in part 1 were created to help show proper dimensions of the part

and to allow someone to recreate the part. Only two views were shown to give the overall

dimensions of the part. The side view was shown to show the total height and width of the

design, it also shows the height of the block for the button. The top view was shown to help

show the size of the holes, the diameter of the cylinder and to actually show the part in

cylindrical.

Part 2: Plate with 2 Rods

24
25
 In the technical drawings shown above, the top right picture shows the dimensions from a

top view and a side view. The top view is meant to show the length and width of the plate. The

side view shows the height or thickness of the plate and the length of the rods. The picture on the

bottom is a bottom view of the part. This picture shows the diameter of the rods. The reason I

selected the top view is to show the length and width of the plate. I selected the side view to

show the length of the rods and the thickness of the plate. Finally, I showed the bottom view to

show the diameter of the rods. I did not select the Isometric view because one cannot get

accurate dimensions from that view. The dimensions that are shown are all the information

someones needs to recreate the part.

Part 3:

26
 In the technical drawings shown above, the top right picture shows the dimensions from a

bottom view of the part. The bottom view is meant to show the length and width of the plate and

where the placing of the holes will be relative to the edge length. The top left picture shows the

27
dimensions from a top side view. The top side view is meant to show the length and width of the

plate. The picture on the bottom left is a side view of the part. This picture shows length and

width of the plate as well as the thickness of the case. The reason I selected the side view is to

show the length and width of the part and overall look of the design. And I showed the bottom

view to show the placement of the holes. I did not place measurements on the Isometric view

because one cannot get accurate dimensions from that view. The dimensions that are shown are

all the information someones needs to recreate the part.

Design Change Summary

Date of Change Summary Rationale Applicable Sections

of DHF

12/7/16 Added a lever to Brought up in the Design Changes -

change the cameras design review and Updated to show use
position and angle. adds more versatility of lever
to the product

2/13/16 Utilizing a plate and Utilizes less motors, Design

rods for changing and provides more Output/Changes -
position and angle of support to the camera Updated to reflect use
camera of plates and rods

4/10/17 Material change from PLA was used with Design Output -
PVC to PLA the 3D printer to print Updated to reflect
prototype new material

After the review a quick change of adding in the lever to change the cameras resting

position and angle. This was decided because it seemed like a feature that could be easily

implemented and provide a new feature to this device. The device would be much more versatile

to the user. Later much of design was scrapped to include a new design of utilizing a plate and

two rods. The rods would allow the motors to turn on the inside of the rod rather than the

outside. The plate and rods also provided more stability by reducing torque and weight above the

28
handle. Later, when prototyping, PLA was discovered as a very strong material that could be 3D

printed allowing for prototypes to be more like the final product. It also allows the device to be

made easier.

Conclusion:

Our final assembly and drawings communicate what we had intended them to. The

overall goal for the models and drawings are to help explain the structure of our design to a

variety of audiences whether it be reviewers, funders or manufacturers. Throughout the semester

it will be used as a visual aid to help explain the design of our device and to show the specific

dimensions of it. The NX models and technical drawings are intended to help our team create a

prototype of the device. One should be able to look at our drawings/models and be able to fully

understand and recreate our design as the NX models were made with the right dimensions and

features. From our NX models and technical drawings we hope to build a device based solely on

what we designed. Funders will be able to see how the much material and manufacturing would

need to be done, and then make a judgement of how much funding should be. Again the main

part of the models and drawing is to explain the overall structure of our design.

29
References
1. "Arduino 101." SparkFun Electronics. SparkFun Electronics, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2016.

<https://www.sparkfun.com/products/13787>.

2. Hill, Simon. "What Do Military Drop Test Certifications Really Mean? We Asked the

Experts." Digital Trends. Digital Trends, 24 Sept. 2016. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.

<http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/phone-cases-military-drop-test-standards/>.

3. "Hobby Motor - Gear." SparkFun Electronics. SparkFun Electronics, n.d. Web. 23 Nov.

2016. <https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11696>.

4. Mack September 21, 2014 10:59 PM PDT, Eric. "IPhone 6 and 6 Plus Drop and Drown Test

Results Are in." CNET. CNET Interactive Inc., 22 Sept. 2014. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.

<https://www.cnet.com/news/iphone-6-iphone-6-plus-squaretrade-torture-test/>.

5. "Overview of Materials for PVC, Rigid Grade." Matweb. Matweb, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2016.

<http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=69642362cb864d25b8f6eb

9d02092ecf>.

6. Sevenster, Arjen. "PVC." PVC Strength - PVC. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

<http://www.pvc.org/en/p/pvc-strength>.

7. Tidy, Colin, Dr. "Stroke Information. Symptoms and Treatment of Stroke - Patient | Patient."

Patient. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2016. <http://patient.info/health/stroke-leaflet>.

8. "The Super-sized Chart: Meet the Largest Smartphones on the Planet (2015)." Phone Arena.

N.p., 24 June 2015. Web. 14 Dec. 2016.

<http://www.phonearena.com/news/The-super-sized-chart-meet-the-largest-smartphones-o

n-the-planet-2015_id51327>.

9. Wire, PetroChem. "U.S. PVC Prices Set to Rise in 2014 on Higher Ethylene Prices, Export

Demand." PR Newswire. PR Newswire Association LLC, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2016.

30
<http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/us-pvc-prices-set-to-rise-in-2014-on-higher-et

hylene-prices-export-demand-235401471.html>.

31