Telecommunication Guideline

Telecommunication
Guideline
ICT Division
July 2016
Fifth Edition
Page 1 of 101
No Date Revision History Prepared by Approver
1st Edition of Telecommunication TDE Technical
1 27th July 2007 Engineering Unit
Guideline Committee
2nd Edition of Telecommunication TDE Technical
2 29th August 2008 Engineering Unit
Guideline Committee
Removal of Integral Bearer (IB) type of
fiber optic cable from type of fiber optic
cable used in TNB as instructed in Fiber Optic Unit General
3 20th April 2010
Engineering Instruction Pemansuhan TDE Manager (IIDO)
Penggunaan Kabel Optik jenis IB di
Pepasangan TNB
Operational
4 16th August 2010 Update on Synchronization Specialist Group Technical
Committee
IIDO Technical
5 22nd June 2010 Review on Storage Battery Capacity Engineering Unit
Committee
Inclusion of Dual AC system IIDO Technical
6 29th July 2010 Engineering Unit
requirement for Dual SMR system. Committee
Introduction of Type IV DC System for IIDO Technical
7 12th January 2011 Specialist Group
NLDC and COIT. Committee
Installation of MDF in the same IIDO Technical
8 12th October 2011 Engineering Unit
equipment rack. Committee
Inclusion of Ethernet Data Channel Unit IIDO Technical
9 12th October 2011 Access Unit
for PDH Equipment Committee
3rd Edition of Telecommunication IIDO Technical
10 20th April 2012 Engineering Unit
Guideline Committee
1. Review on Multipair Copper Cable
for Current Differential Protection
Technical Support IIDO Technical
11 2nd August 2012 2. Review on Teleprotection Services Unit Committee
Equipment Scheme for
132kV/275kV/500kV
Review in the following chapters :-
1. Chapter 1 : Introduction
2. Chapter 3 : Telecommunication
ICT
Room General Requirements
26th December Telecommunication IIDO Technical
12 3. Chapter 4 : Telecommunication
2012 Guideline Review Committee
Cables
Workgroup
4. Chapter 9 : Switchmode Rectifier
(SMR)
5. Chapter 10 : Battery
4th Edition of Telecommunication Technical Support IIDO Technical
13 2nd January 2013
Guideline Services Unit Committee
1. Review of Appendix E: Optical Fibre
& Cable Characteristics
Technical Support IIDO Technical
14 29th March 2013 2. Review of Chapter 10: Battery. Services Unit Committee
Change of color code for negative (-
) polarity from black to blue color.
1. Review of Chapter 3 :
25th February Telecommunication IIDO Technical
15 Telecommunication Room General
2014 Room Taskforce Committee
Requirements Air Conditioning
Review in the following chapters :-
ICT
Chapter 2 : General Synchronization
Telecommunication
16 14th January 2015 Guideline
Guideline Review
Chapter 3 : Telecommunication Room
Workgroup
General Requirements
Page 2 of 101
Chapter 4 : Telecommunication Cables
Chapter 5 : SDH Multiplexer Equipment
Chapter 6 : UTILITY SDH Equipment
Chapter 7 : Wavelength Dense
Multiplexer (WDM)
Chapter 8 : IP Network
Chapter 9 : PDH Optical Line Terminal
Equipment And Higher Order
Multiplexer Equipment
Chapter 10 : Access Multiplexer
Equipment
Chapter 11 : Digital Teleprotection
Equipment
Chapter 12 : 48VDC Power System
Review of Chapter 8 on the following
sub-chapter:
8.2 WAN (Wide Area Network):
IV. CE Router
Telecommunicati
8.3 LAN (Local Area Network): TNB ICT Network
17 10th May 2016 on Technical
Architecture
Space and environmental Committee
requirement for LAN
equipment
Type of Access Switch
Page 3 of 101
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement.................................................................................................. 10
References .............................................................................................................. 11
List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 12
List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 12
Glossary.................................................................................................................. 14
1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 16
1.1 Objective of Guidelines .................................................................................... 16
1.2 Scope of Guidelines ......................................................................................... 16
1.3 Responsibility ................................................................................................... 16
1.4 Suggestions and Contributions ........................................................................ 16
2. General Synchronization Guideline ................................................................ 17
2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Standards ......................................................................................................... 17
2.3 General Guideline ............................................................................................ 18
2.4 SDH/PCM Access Node Synchronization ........................................................ 19
2.5 GNSS Based Synchronous Supply Unit (SSU) ............................................... 20
2.6 Network Management System (NMS) ............................................................. 20
2.7 Network Time Protocol (NTP) .......................................................................... 20
3. Telecommunication Room General Requirements ........................................ 21
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Telecommunication Service Termination Boundary ........................................ 21
3.3 Telecommunication and Associated Equipment .............................................. 21
3.4 Telecommunication Room Facilities ................................................................ 22
3.5 Room Size ........................................................................................................ 22
3.6 Room Location in the Building ......................................................................... 23
3.7 Floor Type ........................................................................................................ 23
3.8 Ceiling Height ................................................................................................... 23
3.9 AC Power Supply ............................................................................................. 23
3.10 Room Lighting .................................................................................................. 23
3.11 Air Conditioning ................................................................................................ 23
3.12 Windows in the Room ...................................................................................... 24
3.13 Station Earthing ................................................................................................ 24
3.14 Main Distribution Frame (MDF) ........................................................................ 24
3.15 Optical Fiber Distribution Panel (ODP) ............................................................ 24
3.16 Room Access ................................................................................................... 25
3.17 48V DC Battery and Charger ........................................................................... 25
3.18 Operational Telephone (PLC) .......................................................................... 25
3.19 Fire Protection System ..................................................................................... 25
3.20 Remote Alarm Facility ...................................................................................... 26
3.22 Safety and Health Requirements ..................................................................... 26
4. Telecommunication Cables ............................................................................. 26
Page 4 of 101
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 26
4.2 Fiber Optic Cables ........................................................................................... 26
4.2.1 Types of Fiber Optic Cables ............................................................................ 27
4.2.2 OPGW Configuration Requirements ............................................................... 28
4.2.3 New Optical Fiber Type Test........................................................................... 30
4.2.4 New Optical Fiber Factory Acceptance Test ................................................... 30
4.2.5 Optical Fiber Site Acceptance Test ................................................................. 30
4.2.6 Documentation ................................................................................................ 30
4.3 Installation Guideline ........................................................................................ 31
4.3.1 Standard Requirement for Installation of Fiber Optic Cable in TNB ............... 31
4.3.2 Standard Requirement for Installation of OPGW (132-500kV) and Long Span
ADSS 31
4.3.3 Standard Requirement for Installation of Short Span ADSS (415 V).............. 31
4.3.4 Standard Requirement for Installation of Duct Optical Fiber Cable ................ 32
4.3.5 Standard Requirement for Installation of Approach Cable ............................. 32
4.3.6 Installation of Fiber Optic Aerial Cable on Low Voltage (LV) Poles ................ 32
4.3.7 Installation of Duct Fiber Optic Cable ............................................................. 33
4.3.8 Installation of Concrete Cable Marker & Cable Route Marker ........................ 37
4.3.9 Installation of Cable Slack ............................................................................... 37
4.3.10 Installation of Manhole .................................................................................... 37
4.3.11 Installation of Splice Closure ........................................................................... 37
4.3.12 Standard Requirement for Jointing Of Optical Cable ...................................... 38
4.3.13 Standard Requirement for Installation of OPGW Repair/Patch Rods............. 38
4.3.14 Yoke plate installation guide ........................................................................... 39
4.3.15 All Dielectric Self Supporting (ADSS) Fiber Optic Cable Sagging Guideline .. 39
4.3.16 Fiber Termination at Substation ...................................................................... 39
4.3.17 Permit to Work (PTW) and Safety Precautions ............................................... 39
4.4 Signal Cable ..................................................................................................... 39
4.4.1 Type of Signal Cable ....................................................................................... 39
4.5 Control Cable ................................................................................................... 40
4.5.1 Type of Control Cable ..................................................................................... 40
4.5.2 Multicore Cable ............................................................................................... 41
4.5.3 Multipair Copper Cable for Current Differential Protection Relay ................... 41
5. SDH Multiplexer Equipment ............................................................................. 41
5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 41
5.2 Standards ......................................................................................................... 41
5.3 Hierarchy .......................................................................................................... 42
5.4 Equipment Architecture .................................................................................... 42
5.5 SDH Multiplexer Features ................................................................................ 43
5.6 Switch ............................................................................................................... 43
5.7 Optical Amplifier/Booster Unit .......................................................................... 43
5.8 Regenerator ..................................................................................................... 43
5.9 Construction ..................................................................................................... 43
5.10 Power Supply ................................................................................................... 43
5.11 Protection ......................................................................................................... 43
5.12 Synchronization ................................................................................................ 44
5.13 Data Communication Channels ....................................................................... 44
5.14 Alarm Facilities ................................................................................................. 44
Page 5 of 101
5.15 Loopback Features .......................................................................................... 44
5.16 Local Management Interface............................................................................ 44
5.17 Optical Line Terminal Interface ........................................................................ 44
5.18 Access Interfaces ............................................................................................. 44
5.19 Synchronization Interface ................................................................................. 45
5.20 Network Management Interface ....................................................................... 45
5.21 Auxiliary Data Channel Interface...................................................................... 45
5.22 Engineering Order Wire Interface .................................................................... 45
5.23 Alarm Interface ................................................................................................. 45
5.24 Digital Distribution Frame ................................................................................. 45
5.25 Inspection and Testing ..................................................................................... 45
5.26 Recommended SDH Multiplexer Equipment Optical Connectivity Practice and
Testing 45
6. UTILITY SDH Equipment .................................................................................. 46
6.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 46
6.2 Standards ......................................................................................................... 46
6.3 Hierarchy .......................................................................................................... 47
6.5 UTILYTY SDH Equipment Features ................................................................ 48
6.6 Switch ............................................................................................................... 48
6.7 Optical Amplifier/Booster Unit .......................................................................... 48
6.8 Regenerator ..................................................................................................... 48
6.9 Construction ..................................................................................................... 48
6.10 Power Supply ................................................................................................... 49
6.11 Protection ......................................................................................................... 49
6.12 Synchronization ................................................................................................ 49
6.13 Data Communication Channels ....................................................................... 49
6.17 Optical Line Terminal Interface ........................................................................ 50
6.18 Access Interface ............................................................................................... 50
6.19 Synchronization Interface ................................................................................. 51
6.21 Alarm Interface ................................................................................................. 52
6.22 Digital Distribution Frame ................................................................................. 52
7. Wavelength Dense Multiplexing (WDM) .......................................................... 53
7.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 53
7.1.1 Concept ........................................................................................................... 53
7.1.2 Type of WDM .................................................................................................. 53
7.2 Standards ......................................................................................................... 53
7.4 DWDM Features............................................................................................... 54
7.5 Construction ..................................................................................................... 55
7.6 Power Supply ................................................................................................... 55
7.7 Protection ......................................................................................................... 55
Page 6 of 101
7.7 Control or Processor Unit ................................................................................. 55
7.8 Optical Amplifier Unit (if required) .................................................................... 55
7.9 Multiplexer De-multiplexer Unit ........................................................................ 55
7.10 Transponders ................................................................................................... 56
7.11 Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) ................................................................ 56
7.14 User Interface ................................................................................................... 56
7.18 Extra-Long Haul Links ...................................................................................... 57
8. IP-Network......................................................................................................... 57
8.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 57
8.2 WAN (Wide Area Network) .............................................................................. 63
8.3 LAN (Local Area Network) ............................................................................... 71
9. PDH Optical Line Terminal Equipment and Higher Order Multiplexer
Equipment .............................................................................................................. 72
9.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 72
9.2 Hierarchy .......................................................................................................... 72
9.3 Optical Line Terminal Equipment Features ...................................................... 72
9.4 Third Order Multiplex Equipment ..................................................................... 72
9.5 Second Order Multiplex Equipment ................................................................. 72
9.7 Alarm and Supervisory Facilities ...................................................................... 73
9.9 Local Management System .............................................................................. 73
10. Access Multiplexer Equipment ........................................................................ 73
10.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 73
10.2 Construction ..................................................................................................... 73
10.3 Primary Multiplexer Equipment (PMUX) .......................................................... 73
10.4 Digital Add Drop Multiplexer Equipment (ADM) ............................................... 74
10.5 Digital Cross Connect Multiplexer Equipment (DXC)....................................... 74
10.6 Access Multiplexer Equipment Timing Signal .................................................. 74
10.7 Voice Frequency Channel Unit ........................................................................ 74
10.8 PCM Subscriber Unit ........................................................................................ 74
10.9 Function for PCM Subscriber Unit on Exchange Side ..................................... 74
10.10 Function for PCM Subscriber Unit on Subscriber Side .................................... 74
10.11 V.24/V.28 Asynchronous Data Channel Unit (DIU 1) ...................................... 74
10.12 Synchronous 64kbit/s G.703 Co-directional Data Channel Unit (DIU 2) ......... 74
10.13 Synchronous n x 64kbit/s V.35 Data Channel Unit (DIU 3) ............................. 75
10.14 Ethernet Data Channel Unit (DIU 4) ................................................................ 75
10.15 Main Distribution Frame (MDF) ........................................................................ 75
10.16 Digital Distribution Frame (DDF) ...................................................................... 75
10.17 Local Access .................................................................................................... 75
Page 7 of 101
10.18 Network Management Interface (NMS) ........................................................... 75
11. Digital Teleprotection Equipment (TPE).......................................................... 76
11.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 76
11.2 Uses of TPE ..................................................................................................... 76
11.3 Number of TPEs ............................................................................................... 76
11.4 TPE Configuration ............................................................................................ 76
11.5 Number of PSE Commands ............................................................................. 76
11.6 TPE Scheme Configurations ............................................................................ 77
11.7 TPE Scheme for 132kV System Using PDH Equipment ................................. 77
11.8 TPE Scheme for 132kV System Using SDH Equipment ................................. 77
11.9 TPE Scheme for 132kV System Using UTILITY SDH Equipment ................... 78
11.10 TPE Scheme for 275kV System Using PDH Equipment ................................ 78
11.12 TPE Scheme for 275/500kV System Using UTILITY SDH Equipment ............ 79
11.13 TPE Scheme for 500kV System Using PDH Equipment ................................. 80
11.15 SNCP for Protection Scheme for 500kV System Using SDH Equipment ....... 81
11.16 Number of PSE Commands ............................................................................. 81
11.17 Equipment Mounting ........................................................................................ 81
11.18 Channel Fail ..................................................................................................... 81
11.19 Command Input ................................................................................................ 81
11.20 Command Output ............................................................................................. 82
11.21 Electronic Counters or Internal Registers ........................................................ 82
11.22 Transmission Time ........................................................................................... 82
11.23 Equipment Addressing ..................................................................................... 82
11.24 Alarms .............................................................................................................. 82
11.25 Power Supply Variations .................................................................................. 82
11.26 Command filtering and extension..................................................................... 82
11.27 Current Differential (CD) .................................................................................. 82
11.27.1 Channel Interface (for CD) .............................................................................. 82
11.27.2 Signal Cable Length ........................................................................................ 83
11.27.3 Multipair Copper Cable for Current Differential Protection Relay ................... 83
11.27.4 Fiber Optic Cable for Current Differential Protection Relay .......................... 83
12. 48 VDC Power System...................................................................................... 83
12.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 83
12.2 Dual System Connectivity ................................................................................ 83
12.2.1 Nokia PDH........................................................................................................ 84
12.2.2 SAFN PDH ....................................................................................................... 84
12.2.3 Overall Dual DC Connectivity........................................................................... 85
12.3 Switch Mode Rectifier (SMR) System .............................................................. 86
12.3.1 Type and Capacity ........................................................................................... 86
12.3.2 Rectifier AC Source .......................................................................................... 86
12.3.3 DC System Earthing ......................................................................................... 87
12.3.4 Operating Temperature .................................................................................... 87
12.3.5 Module Protection ............................................................................................ 87
12.3.6 Local Access .................................................................................................... 87
12.3.7 Remote Monitoring ........................................................................................... 87
Page 8 of 101
12.3.8 Indication and Alarm Facilities ......................................................................... 87
12.3.9 Float Charge..................................................................................................... 88
12.3.10 Low Voltage Disconnect Value ........................................................................ 88
12.3.11 Upgradeability .................................................................................................. 88
12.3.12 Energy Efficiency ............................................................................................. 88
12.3.13 SMR System Configuration .............................................................................. 88
12.3.14 SMR Cabinet .................................................................................................... 89
12.3.15 DC Distribution Panel ....................................................................................... 89
12.3.16 DC Termination Block ...................................................................................... 90
12.3.17 Portable Charger .............................................................................................. 90
12.4 Battery .............................................................................................................. 90
12.4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 90
12.4.2 Design .............................................................................................................. 90
12.4.3 Battery Capacity ............................................................................................... 91
12.4.4 Switch-fuse Isolator .......................................................................................... 91
12.4.5 Battery Rack ..................................................................................................... 92
12.4.6 Color Code for Polarity and Cable ................................................................... 92
12.4.7 Terminal ........................................................................................................... 92
12.4.8 Installation ........................................................................................................ 92
12.4.9 Battery Cable.................................................................................................... 92
12.4.10 Battery Bank Replacement .............................................................................. 93
12.4.11 Discharge Test Ratio (DTR) Definition ............................................................. 93
12.4.12 Standby Time (ST) Definition ........................................................................... 93
12.4.13 Battery Disposal ............................................................................................... 94
12.4.14 Battery Disposal ............................................................................................... 94
Appendix A: Recommended Room Layout for 132kV and 275/500kV
Substations............................................................................................................. 95
Appendix B: Guideline for Optical Fiber Site Acceptance Test .......................... 96
Appendix C: TEMPLATE TO CALCULATE SPAN EQUIVALENT BETWEEN
SUSPENSION TOWER WITH YOKE PLATE INSTALLATION AND TENSION ...... 98
Appendix D: Optical Fibre & Cable Characteristics and Power Budget
Calculation .............................................................................................................. 99
Page 9 of 101
Acknowledgement
The permanent working group would like to thank the people, from various departments within
ICT who have contributed either directly or indirectly in drafting, finalizing and updating this
valuable document.
The committee also significantly values the comments and contributions from other TNBs
Divisions.
Page 10 of 101
References
1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards and guidelines

2. International Engineering Consortium (IEC) standards
3. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standards and guidelines
4. NOKIA Operating Handbook
5. ALCATEL 1660 SM/1650 SMC Technical Handbook
6. RFL Instruction Manual
7. Confrence Internationale des Grands Reseaux Electriques (CIGRE) documents
8. TNB Electrical Safety Rules for Transmission 2003
9. TNB Transmission : Design Philosophy and Guidelines Protection and Control
10. TNB Transmission : Safety Excellence Management System (SEMS) Data Sheet Manual
2012
11. TNB Distribution : Standard Operating Procedure (SOP): Pemasangan Peralatan Syarikat
Telekomunikasi pada Rangkaian Sistem Voltan Rendah
12. TNB Distribution : Panduan Keselamatan: Pemasangan Peralatan Syarikat
13. Minute of Meeting TDE Technical Committee
14. Minute of Meeting of ICT Infrastructure Development & Operation (IIDO) Technical
Committee.
15. Minute of Meeting of ICT Divisional Planning Committee.
16. Minute of Meeting of ICT Operational Technical Committee.
17. ICT Engineering Instructions
18. ICT Technical Specifications
19. ICT-TeSS TEMP-01-Fiber Optic Cable Inspection & Testing Template document
20. ICT PSI Documents
Page 11 of 101
List of Tables
Table 1 : Itu-T Standard On Synchronization ........................................................................... 18

Table 2 : Room Size ................................................................................................................. 22
Table 3: Air Conditioning Unit Cooling Capacity ...................................................................... 23
Table 4 : Type Of Fiber Optic Cables ....................................................................................... 28
Table 5 : Requirement For New Transmission Line To New Or Existing Substation ............... 28
Table 6 : Opgw Requirement For Existing Transmission Line To New Or Existing
Substation .................................................................................................................. 29
Table 7: Type Of Signal Cable ................................................................................................. 40
Table 8: Type Of Control Cable ................................................................................................ 40
Table 9 : Itu-T And Etsi Standards On Sdh Equipment ............................................................ 42
Table 10: Sdh Transmission Hierarchy .................................................................................... 42
Table 11: Standards On Utility Sdh Equipment ........................................................................ 47
Table 12: Utility Sdh Transmission Hierarchy .......................................................................... 47
Table 13: Itu-T And Etsi Standards On Dwdm Equipment ....................................................... 54
Table 14: Standard Router Location ......................................................................................... 59
Table 15: Standard Wan Connectivity ...................................................................................... 59
Table 16: P Router Type For Data Centre ............................................................................... 61
Table 17: Pe Router Type For Offices And Substation ............................................................ 62
Table 18 : Ce Router Type For Offices And Substation ........................................................... 62
Table 19 : Environmental Requirement For Lan Equipment ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 20 : Standard Connectivity For Lan ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 21: Access Switch Type In The Building ........................................................................ 64
Table 22 : Wireless Equipment Criteria .................................................................................... 65
Table 23: Pdh Hierarchy ........................................................................................................... 72
Table 24 : Number Of Tpes ...................................................................................................... 76
Table 25 : Smr Type And Total Capacity.................................................................................. 86
Table 26 : Ac Voltage And Frequency ...................................................................................... 86
Table 27 : Indication And Alarm Facilities ................................................................................ 87
Table 28 : Number Of Mcb Outlets In Dc Distribution Panel .................................................... 89
Table 29 : Dc Termination Block Size And Mcb Rating ............................................................ 90
Table 30 : New 48vdc System Capacity Guide ........................................................................ 91
Table 31: Existing 48vdc System Capacity Guide .................................................................... 91
Table 32 : Type Of Power Cable .............................................................................................. 92
Table 33: Battery Bank Replacement Criteria .......................................................................... 93
Table 34: Power Supply Inverter Type & Rated Power ............................................................ 94
List of Figures
Figure 1: Synchronization Hierarchical Structure ..................................................................... 17

Figure 2 : Synchronization Chain ............................................................................................. 18
Figure 3 : PCM Access Node Timing Source ........................................................................... 19
Figure 4: Synchronization in Islanded SDH and PCM Nodes .................................................. 19
Figure 5: Synchronization in Partially Islanded SDH and PDH nodes ..................................... 19
Page 12 of 101
Figure 6: Telecommunication Room Boundary ........................................................................ 21
Figure 7 : Telecommunication Room Facilities ........................................................................ 22
Figure 8 : MDF Arrangement in SDH and PDH Equipment ..................................................... 24
Figure 9: Fiber Optic Cables Used in TNB ............................................................................... 27
Figure 10: OPGW Configuration for 132/275/500 kV New Transmission Line to New or
Existing Substation .................................................................................................. 28
Figure 11: OPGW/ADSS Cable Configuration for 132 kV Single Circuit Loop-in-out into
Existing Double Circuit Line
29
Existing Double Circuit Line ..................................................................................... 30
Figure 13: OPGW/ADSS Cable Configuration for 132/275 kV Double Circuit Loop-in-out Into
Existing Double Circuit Line ..................................................................................... 30
Figure 14: Documentation Required for New Fiber Optic Link ................................................. 31
Figure 15: Installation of Duct Optical Cable ............................................................................ 34
Figure 16: HDPE Corrugated Pipe Fiber Optic and Power Cable for 33kV Laid in Ground on
Road ....................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 17: HDPE Corrugated Pipe Fiber Optic and Power Cable for 33kV Laid in Ground on
Road Shoulder ........................................................................................................ 36
Figure 18: Components of DWDM System .............................................................................. 55
Figure 19: IP-MPLS Network Hierarchy Diagram ..................................................................... 58
Figure 20 : TNB IP-MPLS Connectivity .................................................................................... 58
Figure 21: Tier-1 Drawing ......................................................................................................... 59
Figure 25: Concept of the VRF Feature Diagram ..................................................................... 63
Figure 26: LAN Equipment Configuration for Users More Than 200 ....................................... 63
Figure 27: LAN Equipment Configuration for Users Less Than 200 ........................................ 64
Figure 28: TPE scheme configuration for 132 kV System Using PDH Equipment .................. 77
Figure 29: TPE scheme configuration for 132 kV System Using SDH Equipment .................. 77
Figure 30: TPE scheme configuration for 132 kV System Using UTILITY SDH Equipment .... 78
Figure 32: TPE scheme configuration for 275 kV System Using SDH Equipment .................. 79
Figure 33: TPE scheme configuration for 275/500 kV System Using UTILITY SDH
Equipment ............................................................................................................. 79
Figure 35 : TPE scheme configuration for 500 kV System Using SDH Equipment ................. 80
Figure 36 : SNCP for Protection Scheme for 500kV System Using SDH Equipment .............. 81
Figure 37: Termination on Digital Distribution Frame for 2Mbps G.703 ................................... 83
Figure 38 : Dual DC system connectivity for Nokia PDH ......................................................... 84
Figure 39: Dual DC System for SAFN-S PDH .......................................................................... 84
Figure 40 : Dual DC System Connectivity (Single DB) ............................................................. 85
Figure 41: Dual DC System Connectivity (Dual DB) ................................................................ 85
Figure 42: Configuration of Single DC System for Offices and Substations (below 132kV) .... 88
Figure 43: Configuration of Dual SMR System for All New Substation (132kV and above) .... 89
Page 13 of 101
Glossary
ABC Aerial Bundle Conductors EMI Electromagnetic Interference
European Telecommunication Standard

AC Alternating Current ETSI
Institute
Digital Add Drop Multiplexer

ADM GFP Generic Frame Protocol
Equipment
ADSS All Dielectric Self Supporting GI Galvanized Iron
ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown GPS Global Positioning System
Communication Alarm Monitoring

CAMS HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling
System
CCTV Closed-circuit Television HDPE High Density Polyethylene
CD Current Differential HF High Frequency
Conference International des

CIGRE HMI Human Machine Interface
Grands Reseaux Electriques
COIT College of Information Technology HO High Order
CPE Customer Premise Equipment HV High Voltage
CVT Capacitive Voltage Transformer IB Integral Bearer
DC Direct Current IEC International Engineering Consortium
Institute of Electrical and Electronics

DCC Data Communication Channel IEEE
Engineers
Internet Protocol Private Branch

DDF Digital Distribution Frame IP-PBX
Exchange
Integrated Security Management
DHIS Direct Hydro Intertripping Signal ISMS
System
DIU Data Interface Unit ITU International Telecommunication Union
DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
Dense Wavelength Division LG Line Matching Unit

DWDM
Multiplexing
Digital Cross Connect Multiplexer LILO Loop In Loop Out

DXC
Equipment
E&M Ear & Mouth LMU Line Matching Unit
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility LO Low Order
Page 14 of 101
LVD Low Voltage Disconnect RSOH Repeater Section Overhead
MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker RTU Remote Terminal Unit
MDF Main Distribution Frame SAS Substation Automation System
Supervisory Control and Data

MSOH Multiplex Section Overhead SCADA
Acquisition
MSP Multiplex Section Protection SCS Substation Control System
NLDC National Load Dispatch Centre SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
NMS Network Management System SEC Synchronous Equipment Clock
Substation Interrogation and Monitoring

NOC National Operation Center SIMS
System
OD Outside Diameter SMR Switch Mode Rectifier
ODP Optical Distribution Panel SNCP Sub Network Connection Protection
OLTE Optical Line Terminal Equipment SSM Synchronization Status Message
OPGW Optical Ground Wire SSU Synchronous Supply Unit
OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer STM Synchronous Transport Module
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange STP Shielded Twisted Pair
Telecommunication Management
PCM Pulse Code Modulation TMN
Network
PDH Pleasichronous Digital Hierarchy TPE Teleprotection Equipment
PLC Power Line Carrier TPS Telecommunication Protection Signaling
PMU Pencawang Masuk Utama UG Underground
PMUX Primary Multiplexer Equipment UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
PPU Pencawang Pembahagian Utama VCAT Virtual Concatenation
PRC Primary Reference Clock VF Voice Frequency
PSE Protection Signaling Equipment VRLA Valve Regulated Seal Lead Acid
PTW Permit To Work WAIS Wide Area Intelligent System
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride WAMS Wide Area Measurement System
Page 15 of 101
1. Introduction
1.1 Objective of Guidelines

The aims of this guideline are to: -
a. Provide an overview of the basic telecommunication practices in Tenaga
Nasional Berhad.
b. Provide guideline to the staffs during installation, commissioning and testing of
communication equipment and fiber optic cables at sites and to assist in the
preparation of telecommunication tender.
c. Standardize the schemes and practices on telecommunication equipments
including auxiliary equipments.
1.2 Scope of Guidelines

This guideline is applicable to:-
a. All telecommunication equipments used in TNB.
b. All users of telecommunication services and facilities provided by ICT TNB.
1.3 Responsibility
Technical Support Services (TeSS) Section, Telecommunication Infrastructure
Management Department (TIM), ICT Division is the custodian of this document.
1.4 Suggestions and Contributions

All constructive suggestions and contributions for this document should be directly
addressed to:
General Manager
Telecommunication Infrastructure Management Department (TIM),
ICT Division
Level 12, Bangunan Dua Sentral
No 8, Jalan Tun Sambanthan
50470 Brickfields
Kuala Lumpur
Tel No: 03-2180 2319
Fax No: 03-2180 2200
Page 16 of 101
2. General Synchronization Guideline
2.1 Introduction
a. To prevent transmission errors in a SDH network, the SDH equipment clock shall
be synchronized to a high precision Primary Reference Clock (PRC) unit that
conforms to ITU-T Recommendation G.811 (Stratum 1).
b. PRC shall be the highest level (Level 1) of synchronization in the SDH transmission
network.
c. Synchronization Supply Unit (SSU) shall be the second level (Level 2) of
synchronization.
d. SSU shall conform to ITU-T Recommendation G.812 (Stratum 2).
e. Local Node clock (also known as internal clock) shall be the third level (Level 3) of
synchronization.
f. Local Node clock shall conform to ITU-T Recommendation G.813 (Stratum 3).
g. TNBs synchronization hierarchical structure is shown in Figure 1.
LEVEL 1
STRATUM 1 (G.811)
PRC AT NLDC PRC AT COIT
(MASTER) (SLAVE)
LEVEL 2
STRATUM 2 (G.812)
SSU SSU SSU SSU
LEVEL 3
STRATUM 3 (G.813)
LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL
Figure 1: Synchronization Hierarchical Structure
2.2 Standards
The synchronization network shall comply with the latest revision of the following ITU-
T standard and recommendation.
Page 17 of 101
ITU-T Standard Description
ITU-T G.781 Synchronization layer functions
ITU-T G.783 Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) equipment

functional blocks
ITU-T G.810 Definitions and terminology for synchronization networks
ITU-T G.811 Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks

Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node
ITU-T G.812
clocks in synchronization networks
ITU-T G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are
ITU-T G.823
based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are
ITU-T G.825
based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
Table 1 : ITU-T Standard on Synchronization
2.3 General Guideline

a. Network synchronization shall be based on master-slave clocking concept.
b. Local Node clock source shall be traceable to PRC as shown in Figure 2.
Max. 10 SSU
LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL

PRC SSU SSU SSU
NODE NODE NODE NODE NODE NODE
Max. 20 Local Nodes
Max. 60 Local Nodes
Figure 2 : Synchronization Chain

c. The timing quality will decrease as the number of Local Nodes increases.
Therefore, the number of Local Nodes in a synchronization chain shall be
minimized as much as possible.
d. The maximum number of Local Nodes between two (2) SSU(s) or between PRC
and SSU shall be twenty (20).
e. The maximum number of SSU(s) in a chain shall be ten (10).
f. The maximum number of Local Nodes in a synchronization chain shall be sixty
(60).
g. Synchronization Status Message (SSM) must be enabled on all SDH Nodes.
h. All SDH nodes collocated with the PRC or SSU shall receive the clock directly from
the PRC or SSU.
Page 18 of 101
2.4 SDH/PCM Access Node Synchronization
a. PCM access nodes shall receive clock from the SDH node where available. This is
illustrated in Figure 3 below.
SSU SDH SDH
Int. Rx
PCM PCM
Timing Direction
Figure 3 : PCM Access Node Timing Source

b. In the event that the SDH and PCM nodes are islanded and not receiving clock
from PRC, one of the SDH nodes shall be set as free-running (also known as
internal clock).
c. The other SDH nodes and PCM access nodes shall receive clock from the SDH
node mentioned in the bullet above. This is illustrated in Figure 4 below.
Internal Clock
SDH SDH
Int. Rx
PCM PCM
Timing Direction
Figure 4: Synchronization in Islanded SDH and PCM Nodes

d. In event that the SDH and PDH / PCM nodes are partially islanded as shown in
Figure 5, the islanded SDH nodes shall receive the clock from the PDH / PCM
node.
Sync cable
SSU SDH SDH SDH
Rx
Ext. Int.
PDH PDH
PCM PCM
PCM PCM
Timing Direction
Figure 5: Synchronization in Partially Islanded SDH and PDH nodes

e. Where possible, the PCM equipment shall be synchronized to the SDH equipment
via 2MHz synchronization points. Synchronization via 2Mbps tributaries shall be
avoided wherever possible.
Page 19 of 101
2.5 GNSS Based Synchronous Supply Unit (SSU)
a. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based synchronous supply units (SSU)
will provide network synchronization clock sources for SDH and PDH networks,
cross-connect and PBX equipment.
b. The equipment shall produce timing signals that comply with ITU-T
Recommendations G.811.
c. The SSU can be mounted in the same rack as the SDH equipment or in an
independent 19 rack.
d. The SSU shall have external alarm indication facility.
e. The SSU shall have at least one (1) voltage free alarm contact for remote
monitoring purposes.
f. The SSU shall have at least two (2) synchronization 2 MHz inputs and ten (10)
2MHz synchronization outputs.
g. The SSU shall have at least two (2) -48VDC power supply inputs. The DC Power
supply inputs shall be connected to two different power supply sources.
h. The GNSS receiver shall be equipped with transient voltage surge suppressor to
protect the clock from transient voltage surge coming from the antenna.
i. The GNSS antenna shall also be equipped with lightning arrestor whenever
necessary.
2.6 Network Management System (NMS)

1. PRC and SSU shall be managed using a common NMS System.
2. NMS shall be located at NOC and backup NOC.
3. The NMS should have a comprehensive management services including fault,
configuration, performance, security and operational management.
2.7 Network Time Protocol (NTP)

a. Selected SSU shall be equipped with NTP Time modules.
Page 20 of 101
3. Telecommunication Room General
Requirements
3.1 Introduction
Telecommunication Room is defined as a room where the telecommunication and
associated equipment are installed to provide telecommunications services for TNB.
3.2 Telecommunication Service Termination Boundary

The laying and terminating of cables from customers equipment to the
MDF/DDF/terminal block/patch panel in the Telecommunication Room shall be under
the customers responsibility. The telecommunication service termination boundary is
shown in Figure 6.
ICT Telecommunication Room
Joint box/
Splice ODP
Closure
Telecommunication Equipment
48V DC
System
Telemetering
Fault Recorder
Power Quality
WAIS/WAMS
MDF/Ethernet DDF/Terminal
CCTV
Patch Panel Block
SIMS
ISMS
Intranet
LEGEND
Comm Box
ICTs equipment/panel
ICT/Customers equipment/panel SCS RTU

Relay Panel
Customers equipment/panel
ICTs cabling
Customers cabling
Figure 6: Telecommunication Room Boundary
3.3 Telecommunication and Associated Equipment

Typical telecommunication and associated equipment installed in the
Telecommunication Room are:-
a. SDH Multiplexer
b. Utility SDH
c. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM)
d. Access Multiplexer
Page 21 of 101
e. Integrated Communications Equipment (ICE)
f. Primary Reference Clock (PRC)
g. Synchronization Supply Unit (SSU)
h. MPLS Router
i. Switch
j. IP-PBX /PABX
k. 48V DC System
l. Modem
m. Radio/wireless equipment
n. Digital Teleprotection Equipment
o. Optical Distribution Panel
p. Ethernet Patch Panel
q. Terminal Block for RTU/Protection Relay
r. Digital Distribution Frame (DDF)/Main Distribution Frame (MDF)
s. Telephone Sets
3.4 Telecommunication Room Facilities

Figure 7 outlined the typical telecommunication room facilities required in TNBs
substations.
Air Conditioning Fire Protection Working Table

Room Lighting
Unit System and Chair
Temperature AC Power
Raised Floors Station Earthing
Sensor Supply
Figure 7 : Telecommunication Room Facilities
3.5 Room Size

a. Determination of room size based on typical telecommunication and associated
equipment requirements for Transmission substations are shown in Table 2.
Substation (kV) Minimum Room Dimension (m)
132 4.5 x 4.5
275/500 5.0 x 5.5

Table 2 : Room Size
b. Allocation has not been made for any other customer equipment (e.g. Telecontrol
equipment and Remote Front End Equipment). Please refer to Appendix A for the
drawing of the recommended room layout.
c. For 33 and 11kV Distribution substations, minimum equipment space dimension
required is 1.2m x 0.6m.
Page 22 of 101
3.6 Room Location in the Building
a. The recommended location of the Telecommunication Room should be next to the
Relay Room to ensure the limitation on length of cable and the teleprotection signal
for current differential protection (CD) scheme is met.
b. For 33kV and 11kV Distribution Substations, the telecommunication equipment
shall be placed in the control room.
c. Floor plan with escape route shall be displayed in the telecommunication room.
3.7 Floor Type

a. The flooring of the room is to be of raised platform type (computer floor) with a
minimum height of 0.3 m from ground finish level. It shall be equipped with the
facilities to expose the cement floor. This is to facilitate installation and cabling
between equipment and to ensure tidiness.
b. Minimum of two cable outlet with dimension of 8 shall be provided for cable access
into the raised floor from outside of telecommunication room
3.8 Ceiling Height

The clear ceiling height of the Telecommunication Room shall not be less than 2.5m
above the finish floor to ease installation of equipments and provide fire safety
clearance.
3.9 AC Power Supply

a. A minimum of two (2) 13A, AC points should be made available in the room.
b. A minimum of two (2) 415V AC 3 phase points connected directly from two different
points from LVAC board should be made available in the room if available.
3.10 Room Lighting

Adequate room lighting with a minimum equivalent of 500 lux shall be provided from
the ceiling.
3.11 Air Conditioning

a. The room shall be air-conditioned with an average temperature requirement of
18C to 24C for 24 hours a day.
b. Minimum of FOUR (4) split air conditioning units equipped with changeover timer
where TWO (2) split air conditioning units shall ALWAYS operate together in unison
followed by the other TWO (2) in fixed interval setting. For recommended
placement of air-conditioning units, refer to Appendix A. Table 3 below provides
recommendation on the cooling capacity of the air conditioning units based on the
room size:
Recommended Air Cooling

No. of Air Conditioning Units
Substation (kV) Capacity Per Air
Per Room
Conditioning Unit
132 1.5 HP 4
275/500 2.0 HP 4
*Room size as dictated by Clause 3.5 above
Table 3: Air Conditioning Unit Cooling Capacity
c. Tray shall be installed under all air conditioning units. Each tray shall be installed
with proper water outlet piping
Page 23 of 101
3.12 Windows in the Room
The windows (if present) in the room must be of tinted glass. This is to reduce sunlight
penetration and prevent it from raising the room temperature.
3.13 Station Earthing

a. Earthing copper strip connected to the station earthing system must be made
available in the telecommunication room. This is to ensure proper earthing for the
telecommunication equipment.
b. The station earthing resistance shall be less than 1 Ohm.
3.14 Main Distribution Frame (MDF)

a. MDF shall be installed in the same equipment rack as shown in Figure 8.
b. In the event that MDF is required to be installed out of the equipment rack, it should be
installed in a separate closed rack.
EPSA 19"
Top Rack Unit S5 S3 S1
S6 S4 S2
1A 2A 3 A 4A 5 A 6A 1 B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B
NOKIA DXC (DN2)

STM- 1
STM -1
SYNTH1N ST M- 1
SYNTH1N ST M-1
A21E1 (E1 1-21)
SUB /S UB (1)
W20 (Spare)
W20 (Spare)
DI U1 (1)
DI U1 (2)
I U2 (1)
I U2 (2)
I U2 (3)
I U2 (4)
RING
B PU
NDA
CU
ISA-ES1
CONGI
SERGI
P63E1
P63E1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
10
1
9
5
TP S 64 (1) TP S64 (2)

CO NT ROL UNIT A
CO NT ROL UNIT A
CHANNE L UNIT 1
CHANNE L UNIT 1
NDA
NDA
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
HK A larm A UX Channel S Y NC / E 1 A UX
B lock B lock B lock
HK A larm #1 V. 11 #1
1
S Y NC
HK A larm #2 V. 11 #2
G .703
RS-232
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 Mbit /s B lock 2 Mbit / s B lock
1 to 21 E 1 (21 S pare)
TX 1E1 7E 1 S pare
RX 1E 1 7E 1 S pare
TX 8E 1 14E1 S pare DDF

RX 8E1 14E1 S pare
DM2+ ( 1) DIU2 (1)
TX 15E1 21E 1 S pare
Rx 15E1 21E1 S pare DIU2 (2)
Ground Ground
Ground
DDF DDF DDF

Block 1 - 5 Block 6 - 10 Block 11 - 15
IU2 (1-2)
IU2 (3-4)
Ground
SDH PDH
Figure 8 : MDF Arrangement in SDH and PDH Equipment
3.15 Optical Fiber Distribution Panel (ODP)

a. Optical Fiber Distribution Panel (ODP) is used for terminating and patching of
optical fiber.
b. ODP shall be of floor mounted standalone/free standing type.
Page 24 of 101
c. ODP shall be designed for bottom or top entry, and suitable for indoor use.
d. The ODP shall have the dimension of 42U height, 0.6m width and 0.6m depth with
lockable door.
e. Each direction of transmission line with fiber has a separate 19 patch tray.
f. Each patch tray shall have terminating capacity according to the total number of
cores of the fiber optic cable installed.
g. The ODP shall be installed in TNB substations and offices with fiber optic cable
termination.
3.16 Room Access

a. Room Access - The doors to the telecommunication room shall be locked at all
time and keys to the lock shall be kept in substation control room.
b. Panel Access - The doors to all panels shall be locked at all time and keys shall be
kept in a designated key box inside telecommunication room.
3.17 48V DC Battery and Charger

a. Sealed lead acid battery shall be provided as a back-up supply for
b. The AC/DC converter and battery charger shall be inside the telecommunication
room due to the need of air conditioning for its electronics.
c. For further details, refer to Chapter 9: 48VDC Sytem
3.18 Operational Telephone (PLC)

A dedicated operational telephone line and telephone unit shall be installed in the
telecommunication room.
3.19 Fire Protection System

a. In order to limit the risk of fire as much as possible, all ICT Telecommunication
Room & equipment are protected by appropriate measures with aim to prevent fire
& minimize losses
b. Reference shall be made to TNBs Safety Excellence Management System
(SEMS) Data Sheet Manual. Efficient fire protection equipment ensures that fires
can be extinguished in a rapid & efficient manner. Therefore, the selection of the
correct type of protection shall take into consideration of the 3 elements below:
I. Legal & standard requirements
II. Risk based
III. Financial based
c. Consideration on the use of non-combustible materials, active and or passive fire
protection measures shall be applied during the design, alterations and
modifications to process, equipment and buildings.
d. Any opening within the room space has to be sealed and closed with a proper fire
stopping material voiding rodent entry to the room and preventing fire from
extending in or out.
e. Reference shall be made to TNB Fire Policy Guideline 9.0 Fire Protection.
Page 25 of 101
3.20 Remote Alarm Facility
a. A remote extension of the alarm indications shall be provided to National Operation
Center (NOC) and the nearest 24 hour manned station or National Load Dispatch
Center (NLDC) via a Remote Alarm Monitoring System or a SCADA Remote
Terminal Unit.
b. There shall be one dedicated Communication Alarm Monitoring System (CAMS)

box mounted on the wall in the telecommunication room equipped with minimum
of 5 alarm termination points from RTU.
c. The alarms that will be monitored are:-

I. Telecomm AC Supply Fail
II. Telecomm 48 Power Supply 1 Alarm
III. Telecomm 48 Power Supply 2 Alarm
IV. Telecomm Room Temperature Alarm
V. Telecomm PCM Common Alarm
3.21 Cable Trench

a. Cable trench or suitable ducting system shall be provided as an access between
switchyard/control room/relay room and telecommunication room for all
telecommunication cable.
b. The telecommunication cables are laid through the trench or suitable ducting
system with adequate protection for each cable.
c. All telecommunication cable from third party shall utilize a common cable trench or
suitable ducting system.
3.22 Safety and Health Requirements

All safety and health requirements related to the telecommunication room shall refer
to the ICT Safety Excellence Management System (SEMS) and related Acts.
4. Telecommunication Cables
4.1 Introduction
The types of telecommunication cables used in TNBs Telecommunication Network
consist of optical and copper cables.
4.2 Fiber Optic Cables

Fiber optic cables used in TNB consist of the following types shown in Figure 13.
Page 26 of 101
All-dieletric
Optical Ground Duct Fiber
Self-supporting Approach cable
Wire (OPGW) Optic cable
(ADSS)
Submarine Lashed Aerial

Indoor cable Patch cord
cable cable
Figure 9: Fiber Optic Cables Used in TNB
4.2.1 Types of Fiber Optic Cables

The different types of fiber optic cables for future requirement of TNB are summarized
in Table 4. (subject to approval from TNBT)
Circuit No/ Position/

No Type Voltage No of cores
Type
500kV Line 1 and 2 48
275kV Line 1 or 2 48
OPGWa. (Optical
1 275kV/ 132kV
Line 1 and 2 48
1 Ground wire) (quad circuit)
132kV Line 1 or 2 48
33kV Single line 48
ADSS (All 500kV NA NA

Dielectric Self
275kV Refer to isovolt plot 48
Supporting)- Long
Span
i). 2 132kV Refer to isovolt plot 48
2 ADSS(All 33kV 24/48
Dielectric Self Poles
11kV 24/48
Supporting)
Short Span 415V 24/48
500kV 48
Gantry to
275kV 48
Communication Room
132kV 48
3 Approach Cable
33KV 48
Line Termination Point
11KV 48
to Substation Building
415V 48
500kV NA
275kV 48
Duct Fiber optic 132kV 48

4 Duct
Cable 33kV 24/48
11kV 24/48
415V 24/48
Page 27 of 101
No power cable 24/48
5 Indoor Optical Laid in cable riser or
No voltage
Fiber cable tray 24/48
Submarine Laid beside submarine
6 Any voltages 2 X 48
Optical Fiber power cables
Lashed Aerial Wrapped on earth wire
7 Any voltages 48
Cable
Table 4 : Type of Fiber Optic Cables
4.2.2 OPGW Configuration Requirements

a. OPGW requirements for new transmission line to new or existing substation are
summarized in Table 5.
No optical
Line Line No. of
Type of Tower fiber/
Voltage Configuration OPGW
cable
Double
500 kV PMU to PMU 2 48
Circuit
132/ Single/ Double Table 5
PMU to PMU 1 48
: 275 kV circuit
132/
Quad circuit PMU to PMU 2 48
275 kV
Requirement for New Transmission Line to New or Existing Substation
b. Recommended OPGW cable configuration is summarized in Figure 10.
PMU A PMU B
1 x OPGW
48 Core
Figure 10: OPGW Configuration for 132/275/500 kV New Transmission Line to New or
Existing Substation
c. OPGW and ADSS requirements for existing transmission line to new substation
are summarized in Table 6.
Page 28 of 101
No
Line Type of
Line No. of optical Other
Voltage Tower
Configuration OPGW fiber/ Requirements
cable
Single circuit 3 way splice
Double/
loop-in-out into closure at
132 kV Quad 1 48
existing line with loop-in-out
Circuit
OPGW/ADSS point
Single circuit 2x3 way splice
Double/
loop-in-out into closures at
275 kV Quad 2 48
existing line with loop-in-out
Circuit
OPGW/ADSS point
3 way splice
closure at
Double circuit 1 48
loop-in-out
Double/ loop-in-out into
132/ point
Quad existing line with
275 kV OPGW/ADSS 2x2 way splice
Circuit
closures at
2 48
loop-in-out
point
Single circuit T-off 3 way splice
Double/
132/ into existing line closure at
Quad 1 48
275 kV with loop-in-out
Circuit
OPGW/ADSS point
To complete
optical fiber
Single circuit T-off
installation
Double/ or LILO into
132/ between the
Quad existing line 1 48
275 kV existing line. 3
Circuit without
way splice
OPGW/ADSS
closure at T-
off/LILO point
Table 6 : OPGW Requirement for Existing Transmission Line to New or Existing
Substation
d. Recommended OPGW/ADSS cable configurations are summarized in Figure 11,

Figure 12, and Figure 13.
3 way Splice
Closure
PMU A PMU B
Existing OPGW or ADSS Existing OPGW
New 1 x OPGW
48 Core
PMU C
Figure 11: OPGW/ADSS Cable Configuration for 132 kV Single Circuit Loop-in-
out into Existing Double Circuit Line
Page 29 of 101
3 way Splice
Closure
PMU A PMU B
Existing OPGW or ADSS Existing OPGW
New 1 x OPGW
48 Core
PMU C
Existing Double Circuit Line
2 way Splice
Closure
PMU A PMU B
Existing OPGW or ADSS Existing OPGW or ADSS
New 1 x OPGW
48 Core
PMU C
Figure 13: OPGW/ADSS Cable Configuration for 132/275 kV Double Circuit Loop-in-out
Into Existing Double Circuit Line
4.2.3 New Optical Fiber Type Test

Refer to list of standards in ICT-TeSS TEMP-01-Fiber Optic Cable Inspection & Testing
Template document.
4.2.4 New Optical Fiber Factory Acceptance Test

Refer to list of standards in ICT-TeSS TEMP-01-Fiber Optic Cable Inspection & Testing
Template document.
4.2.5 Optical Fiber Site Acceptance Test

a. There are four phases associated with testing of fiber optic cable starting from the
point of manufacture as follows:
i. Factory cable reel testing and documentation.
ii. Visual inspection at the delivery site for shipping damage.
iii. Pre-installation testing, which occurs when the cable is delivered to the job site,
and before it is installed.
iv. Final acceptance testing, after the link has been completed.
b. Detailed testing guideline as in Appendix B.
4.2.6 Documentation
Documentations listed in Figure 14 shall be provided for every new fiber optic link.
Page 30 of 101
Drawings
Cable Route maps

Manhole position
Location of Splice Closure with GPS coordinate
Tower/Pole Schedules with splice closure locations
Single line diagram of cable route
Isovolt plots for ADSS Cable on HV lines
Swing analysis for ADSS Cable on HV lines
Cable Accessories and hardware drawings
Cable attachment position for different type of towers
Other related drawings, data and room/rack layout
OTDR Records
Splice loss data

End-to-end signature traces
Optical Power Meter (OPM) Records
End-to-end power meter test results from both location
Information
Test Instruments Details

Work Personnel details
Material schedule /material information
Fiber colour codes
Cable and splice closure specifications
Fiber optic cable commissioning date
Figure 14: Documentation Required for New Fiber Optic Link
4.3 Installation Guideline
4.3.1 Standard Requirement for Installation of Fiber Optic

Cable in TNB
Refer to SOP (Installation of All Type of Overhead Fiber Optic Cables used in TNB).
4.3.2 Standard Requirement for Installation of OPGW (132-

500kV) and Long Span ADSS
a. Recommended minimum section length between splice closures is 3km.
b. Loop cable should be of sufficient length to reach ground level for splicing or
maintenance.
c. The cable sagging should followed cable manufacturer recommendation which is
1% or 2% or 3% of the cable span length.
4.3.3 Standard Requirement for Installation of Short Span

ADSS (415 V)
a. For distances of less than 100 m between the last pole and the substation or office
building, short span ADSS could be used.
Page 31 of 101
b. ADSS could be installed point to point without the use of joint box (no
approach/underground cable is required).
4.3.4 Standard Requirement for Installation of Duct Optical

Fiber Cable
a. If communication link between substations to another substation cannot be
established by using pole/transmission tower, Duct Fiber Optic cable shall be laid
along the power cable.
b. Non-metallic Duct Fiber Optic shall be laid up to telecommunication room at the
substation or office.
c. Duct fiber could be installed point to point without the use of joint box.
d. For underground installation, duct fiber should be installed in PVC pipe minimum
50mm (min thickness: 2mm).
4.3.5 Standard Requirement for Installation of Approach

Cable
a. Loose tube construction approach cable will be used to connect the OPGW and
ADSS cable from the substation gantry joint point to the fiber optic patch panel in
the telecommunication room.
b. The approach cables are to be installed at TNBs substation inside a minimum of
40 mm diameter HDPE pipes attached securely in existing or new cable ducts /
trenches. For wall mounted installation purposes, all the materials used shall be
stainless steel or hot-dipped galvanized material.
c. The accessories used to secure HDPE pipes shall be a minimum of 1 meters apart
and labelling plate (fiber direction) should be installed every 3 meters.
d. Where required, the approach cable shall be laid in HDPE pipes with a minimum
size of 40 mm diameter to a depth of 0.6 m below ground and adequately protected
against accidental damage by a cover of sand and bricks. G.I. pipes shall be used
for road crossing.
e. Adequate marking and labels to easily identify the fiber optic approach cable
throughout the installation shall be provided.
f. At the gantry, the Approach Cable installation shall utilize the galvanized metal
conduit. The installation of Approach Cable in the communication room shall utilize
PVC sheath flexible corrugated with armored.
4.3.6 Installation of Fiber Optic Aerial Cable on Low

Voltage (LV) Poles
a. Installation of fiber optic aerial cable on LV poles shall be in accordance with
procedures and guidelines issued by TNB Distribution as follows:
1. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP): Pemasangan Peralatan Syarikat

2. Panduan Keselamatan: Pemasangan Peralatan Syarikat Telekomunikasi

pada Rangkaian Sistem Voltan Rendah.
b. Apart of that, the installation of fiber optic aerial cable on LV Poles will be
accordance with ICT Guideline as below:
Page 32 of 101
1. In every corners, road crossing, and junctions cable should be tensioned with
tension set
2. In one straight line fiber optic cable installation, tension set should be installed
in every five span.
3. 10 meters poles should be used for road crossing line in the event where the
fiber has not enough clearance, angle iron extension should be installed.
4. Cable from overhead installation to underground installation should be
enclosed with GI pipe (3.5m).
5. The cable sagging should be not more than 2% of cable span.
6. GI pipe should be used for bridge, road and drain crossing.
7. Access cable at splice closure should be coiled maximum 1 meter with
maximum five coils.
8. Fiber optic cable should not be installed on wooden pole, pole mounted
transformer and pole with bare conductor.
9. Wooden pole should be changed to concrete pole prior to cable installation.
10. Bare conductor should be changed to ABC conductor prior to cable
installation.
4.3.7 Installation of Duct Fiber Optic Cable

a. Installation of Duct Optical Cable Only
Where no power cables are installed in the same trench as the duct optical cable, the
following apply:
1. The trench depth shall be 1500 mm. The duct shall be placed at 150 mm away
from the trench base. The sand bedding shall be 150 mm below and above the
duct. The width of the trench shall be 300 mm. Please refer to Figure 1 for
more details.
2. The duct shall be made from 100 mm diameter High Density Polyethylene
(HDPE) pipes.
3. In situations where more than one (1) cable needs to be laid, existing 100 mm
HDPE pipe shall be used. The width of the trench shall be 300mm. Figure 14
for more details.
4. The ducts shall be installed in a Class C Galvanized Iron (GI) pipe for road
crossings and bridge crossings. The GI pipe shall be 100 mm diameter.
5. The duct ends shall be sealed with a removable watertight material.
Page 33 of 101
300 mm
300mm
1250 mm
Backfill Earth
Warning Tape
1500mm
> 50 mm
150 mm
Sand
100mm
Duct
150 mm
Fiber Optics Cable Duct
Figure 15: Installation of Duct Optical Cable
b. Installation of Duct Optical Cable with Power Cable

Where power cables are installed in the same trench as the optical cable, the following
apply for various laying conditions.
1. Before the cables are laid, the bottom of the trench shall be filled with sifted/
stone free sand and pinned down to a thickness of 150 mm to form a bed.
2. The duct shall be buried at the same level as the power cables.
3. For single circuit, the width of the trench shall be at least 600mm. As for double
circuit, the width shall be at least 1200mm. Refer to Figure 3 for more details.
4. After the cables are laid, the first 150mm depth of backfill above the cables is
to consist of sifted/ stone free sand over which protective covers are to be
placed.
5. Cable protective reinforced concrete slabs shall be laid to cover the full width
of the trench on top of the first sand filling. The cable protective covers shall be
Page 34 of 101
of reinforced concrete of Grade 20 in accordance to BS 8110 (1997), and
unless otherwise approved, shall be of the following dimensions:
i. 1000mm long x 300 mm wide x 50mm thick- for one circuit of power cables
ii. 1000mm long x 150 mm wide x 50mm thick- for optical fiber/ pilot/ alarm
cables
6. The duct shall be placed at least 150mm from the trench base. The base shall
be filled with stone-free sand of 150mm thickness.
7. Where pipe ducts are required across a road, which may be crossed by
trenching, HDPE Pipe shall be used. These pipes shall be encased in Grade
20 concrete in accordance to BS 8110 with 100mm minimum cover at the top,
bottom and sides and a minimum thickness of 50mm of concrete between
adjacent pipes.
8. For excavation on tar macadam, the duct shall be made from at least 100mm
diameter High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. These pipes shall be
encased in Grade 20 concrete in accordance to BS 8110 with 100mm minimum
cover at the top, bottom and sides and a minimum thickness of 50mm of
concrete between adjacent pipes. For laying of cables on road, please refer to
Figure 15.
9. For excavation on road shoulder, the duct shall be made from at least 100mm
diameter double wall corrugated High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. As
for laying of cables on the road shoulder, refer to Figure 16.
10. Where a road may only be crossed by directional drilling (HDD), High Density
Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe shall be used.
11. After all cables and concrete slabs have been laid, the trenches shall be re-
filled in 150mm layers, each layer being well rammed and consolidated.
12. The conditions or requirements of the road resurfacing structure shall follow as
given by the relevant authority. If no standard is set by the local authority, then
the road resurfacing structure shall follow the existing road condition or 220mm
of crusher run and 75mm of tar macadam. The road reinstatement resurfacing
shall be done by a specialized road resurfacing contractor registered with any
public authority.
13. The duct ends shall be sealed with a removable watertight material.
Page 35 of 101
GROUND LEVEL GROUND LEVEL
75 TAR MACADAM 75
300 300
CRUSHER RUN
475 475
1500
BACKFILLING
BACKFILLING 1500
50 50
CONCRETE SLAB
150 150mm DIS. HDPE DOUBLE 150
WALL CORRUGATED PIPE

POWER CABLE
150 150
FIBER OPTIC
150 150
SAND BEDDING
100 150 150 100 100 100 100 150 150 100 100 100 150 150 100
1200 600
DOUBLE CIRCUIT SINGLE CIRCUIT
Figure 16: HDPE Corrugated Pipe Fiber Optic and Power Cable for 33kV Laid in
Ground on Road
GROUND LEVEL GROUND LEVEL

75 75
300 300
475 475
1500
BACKFILLING
BACKFILLING 1500
50 50
CONCRETE SLAB
150 150mm DIS. HDPE DOUBLE 150
WALL CORRUGATED PIPE

POWER CABLE
150 150
FIBER OPTIC
150 150
SAND BEDDING
100 150 150 100 100 100 100 150 150 100 100 100 150 150 100
1200 600
DOUBLE CIRCUIT SINGLE CIRCUIT
Figure 17: HDPE Corrugated Pipe Fiber Optic and Power Cable for 33kV Laid in Ground
on Road Shoulder
Page 36 of 101
4.3.8 Installation of Concrete Cable Marker & Cable Route
Marker
a. Where cables are laid direct in ground, cable route markers (indicating the
direction) shall be provided at intermediate points along the route at not more than
3 metres apart, in handhole/manhole and at all points where trench changes
direction and branches off. Cable route marker shall be made of metal/aluminium
and tied to the cable using steel tie.
b. For installation within TNBs substation, the cable marker shall be placed every 10
meter and wherever there are changes in the cable direction.
c. Where cables are laid direct in ground, cable route markers shall be provided at
intermediate points along the route at not more than 30 metres apart and at all
points where trench changes direction and branches off.
d. For installation with power cable, the cable marker shall be constructed from
concrete and the word TNB CABLE WITH FIBER OPTIC shall be engraved on
the cable marker.
e. For installation without power cable, the cable marker shall be constructed from
concrete and the word TNB FIBER OPTIC shall be engraved on the cable marker.
f. Concrete cable marker shall be placed at not more than 3 metres apart and at all
points where trench changes direction and branches off.
4.3.9 Installation of Cable Slack
Cable slack shall be provided as follows:

a) Minimum 3 meters for manhole / joint pit.
b) Minimum 5 meters at termination location
c) Minimum 1 meter within termination enclosures.
4.3.10 Installation of Manhole
a. Distance between hand holes shall be in the range of 150m - 200m for straight line
or one hand hole at every corner.
b. Manhole shall be of JB 30/JRC 7 or as per requirement by local authorities.
4.3.11 Installation of Splice Closure
a. Weather proof splice closures/joint boxes shall be mounted at the second cross
arm level of the transmission towers and 3m above the ground on substation
gantry/terminal tower (subjected to alteration). Sufficient spare length of optical
cable shall be provided to facilitate future splicing.
b. The mounting bracket suitable for lattice and tubular tower on installation of splice
closures shall be provided.
c. Downlead optical fiber cables shall be securely fastened to the tower body by
downlead clamps. The distance between clamps shall not be greater than 2m.
Sufficient length of downlead cables shall be provided to facilitate splicing at ground
level.
Page 37 of 101
d. For ADSS cable in high risk (eg: monkey bite) area, cable downlead shall be
protected by suitable non-metallic spiral or tubular cable protectors.
e. At the substations gantry approach cables shall be protected by suitable non-metallic
spiral or corrugated HDPE(20mm) / tubular cable protectors or flexible conduit. The
coiling device suitable for coiling the ADSS and approach cable shall be provided. The
said conduit or protectors end shall be seal with a weather proof sealant.
f. Loop cable at tower splice closure to be coiled 1m diameter vertically inside a
coiling device.
g. In the case of jointing at suspension tower, special bracing set (main angle iron)
need to be installed at the tower body structure where later tension set will be
installed.
4.3.12 Standard Requirement for Jointing Of Optical Cable
Prior to splicing/jointing procedure, the contractor shall measure the loss of the optical
fibers in each section and then proceed to test the fiber splice/joint using two-point
measurement technique. The optical loss measured by OTDR shall not exceed (unless
approved by Engineer) the following requirement: -
Splicing Loss : Maximum 0.1 dB/Splice
Terminating Loss : Maximum 1.0 dB/Connection
4.3.13 Standard Requirement for Installation of OPGW

Repair/Patch Rods
a. The rectification of strand breakage for OPGW cables could be done using
repair/patch rods.
b. The installation of OPGW Repair/Patch Rods at the damaged area is
recommended for cases whereby the outer strands are broken, but the fiber optic
links attenuation reading are within the recommended values as per ICT TNBs
Optical Fiber Characteristics Specifications
c. The OPGW Repair/Patch Rods are designed to protect the damaged area of the
OPGW cable, and hence avoiding further damages to the fiber optic cable.
d. The OPGW Repair Rods are ideal for emergency situations, whereby the loose
strands might risk unwinding further and cause unwanted tripping on the existing
transmission lines.
e. For detailed guideline on applying OPGW repair/patch rods on OPGW Cable with
strands breakage please refer to Engineering Guideline ICT/TeSS/GL/3/2013 :
Guideline on applying OPGW repair/patch rods on OPGW Cable with
strands breakage.
Page 38 of 101
4.3.14 Yoke plate installation guide
Installation of Yoke plate on Transmission Suspension tower during OPGW
breakdown must comply with the following conditions:
1. The equivalent span for Yoke plate to be installed on the Suspension Tower
should be the same. This will be determined according to the formula given.
2. Any modification on the tower structure is strictly prohibited.
(Reference: Letter dated 27 Jun 2013 from Ir. Ho Peng Choong, Senior GM
Asset Development Transmission to GM TIM)
Please refer to Appendix C for the template to calculate span equivalent between
suspension tower with yoke plate installation and tension.
4.3.15 All Dielectric Self Supporting (ADSS) Fiber Optic

Cable Sagging Guideline
a. The rectification of ADSS cable sagging is to ensure that clashing of ADSS cable
with conductor cable which may result in power trip could be avoided
b. The ADSS fiber optic cable sagging should be determined according to these 5
important criteria:
I. Location of ADSS
II. Swing Analysis
III. Sag and Tension of ADSS
IV. Minimum clearance of ADSS cable and conductor
V. Minimum ground clearance of ADSS cable
c. The rectification of ADSS Sagging shall follow ICT/TDE-TES/1/2012 All Dieletric
Self-Supporting (ADSS) Fiber Optic Cable Sagging Guideline.
4.3.16 Fiber Termination at Substation

a. All fiber optic cable shall be terminated in a fiber patch tray.
b. For PMU and PPU located in the same building, common optical distribution panel
shall be used for termination.
c. For PMU and PPU located in separate building, separate optical distribution panel
shall be used
4.3.17 Permit to Work (PTW) and Safety Precautions

Reference shall be made to TNB Electrical Safety Rules for Transmission 2003.
4.4 Signal Cable
4.4.1 Type of Signal Cable

Summary of different types of signal cables used for TNBs telecommunication
equipment is given in Table 8.
Page 39 of 101
No Type Voltage Description No of pairs
275kV Laid from LMU/CVT of Yellow 2

1 HF Cable
132kV Phase to Communication Room 2
500kV
4 cores to be
Underground Pilot Owned by Transmission and
2 275kV reserved for
Cable Distribution
ICTs use
132kV
- Used as data cable from outside
Shielded Twisted
Communication Room
3 Pair (STP) Cable 2/4/5
(Protection application for
Current Differential)
-
Screened Twisted 2 or 8 or 10
4 Used as internal signal cable
Pair or 20
-
Unshielded
Used as data cable inside
5 Twisted Pair (UTP) 4
Communication Room
Cable
- Connectivity to Service provider
Telephone Cable (Telekom) and User 1 or 2
6
(analog/digital trunk)
-
Coaxial Cable
Used as data cable for
7 Unbalanced 75 1
communication equipment
ohm
Table 7: Type of Signal Cable
4.5 Control Cable
4.5.1 Type of Control Cable

Summary of different types of control cables used in TNB is given in Table 8.
No Type Voltage No of cores
1 Multicore cable for RTU, SCS and SAS. 7 cores (3 cores used)
500kV 12 per feeder
Multicore cable for Teleprotection 275kV 12 per feeder

2
132kV 12 per feeder
500kV 7 per station
3 Multicore cables for alarm facilities 275kV 7 per station
132kV 7 per station
500kV 4 per relay
275kV 4 per relay

4 Screened shielded twisted pair
132kV 4 per relay
33kV 4 per relay

Table 8: Type of Control Cable
Page 40 of 101
4.5.2 Multicore Cable
a. Multicore cable for teleprotection cable is required between Telecommunication
Protection Signaling (TPS) equipment and protection relay.
b. Multicore cable for alarm facilities is to serve remote alarm facilities such as battery
charger, communication failure and common station alarm to or from facia-
indication panel. Alarm facilities shall be supplied at 110V DC or 48V DC.
c. All multicore cable shall be supplied and laid by the user/customer.
4.5.3 Multipair Copper Cable for Current Differential

Protection Relay
a. 2 pairs shielded twisted pair armored cables with individual pair screened for each
current differential data channel shall be used.
b. Each cable shall be PVC sheathed with wire-armored construction and single
stranded with copper conductor dimensions of 0.5 mm2 (1/0.8mm diameter) for
64kbit/s G.703 data signals between G.703 data interface unit and Current
Differential Protection relay connections.
c. Color coding for twisted pair core: red, black, orange, green.
5. SDH Multiplexer Equipment
5.1 Introduction
a. This chapter describes the guidelines on technical requirements of SDH Multiplexer
Equipment. SDH Multiplexer Equipment shall be known as The equipment
hereafter in this document.
b. The equipment is used for the transmission of digital signals at the ITU-T
Recommended SDH hierarchical bit rates of 155Mbit/s, 622Mbit/s, 2.4Gbit/s,
10Gbit/s over single mode optical fibers in the 1310nm or 1550nm wavelength
windows.
5.2 Standards
The equipment shall comply with the latest revision of the following ETSI and ITU-T
standard and recommendation.
Standard Description
ITU-T G.652 Characteristics of a single mode optical fiber cable.
Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single mode optical fiber

ITU-T G.653
cable.
Characteristics of a 1550nm wavelength loss-minimize single-

ITU-T G.654
mode optical fiber cable.
ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces.
Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8488

ITU-T G.704
and 44736 Kbit/s hierarchical levels.
Page 41 of 101
ITU-T G.707,G.708, Bit rate structure, network node interfaces and multiplex
G.709 structures in the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
ITU-T M.3010 Principles of a Telecommunication Management Network

ITU-T M.3020 TMN Interface specification methodology
ITU-T M.3100 Generic network information model
ITU-T M.3180 Catalogue of TMN management information
ITU-T M.3200 TMN management services: Overview
ITU-T M.3300 TMN management capabilities presented at the F interface
ITU-T M.3400 TMN management functions

ITU-T Q.811 Lower layer protocol profiles for the Q3 interface.
ITU-T Q.812 Upper layer protocol profiles for the Q3 interface.
ITU-T X.700 series System management standards
ITU-T G.773 Protocol suites for Q interfaces

ITU-T G.774 SDH Management Information Model for Network Element View
ITU-T G.784 Management of the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
Table 9 : ITU-T and ETSI Standards on SDH Equipment
5.3 Hierarchy
Table 10 shows SDH Transmission Hierarchy and the line rate associated with it.
SDH Bit Rate (Mbps) Abbreviated

STM-1 155.52 155 Mbps
STM-4 622.08 622 Mbps
STM-16 2488.32 2.4 Gbps
STM-64 9953.28 10 Gbps
Table 10: SDH Transmission Hierarchy
5.4 Equipment Architecture

a. The architecture of the equipment shall be based on Multi-service provisioning
platform or Next generation SDH type consisting of:
I. Control or Processor Unit
II. Line Terminal Unit
III. Switch Unit
IV. Access interfaces Units
V. Power Supply Unit
VI. Synchronization Unit
VII. Network management Unit
VIII. Alarm Supervision Unit
IX. Auxiliary unit
b. The equipment shall be modular in design and support hot swapping of modules.
Page 42 of 101
5.5 SDH Multiplexer Features
a. The equipment shall have multi service provisioning platform-supporting SDH,
PDH, Ethernet and Packet Based Interfaces.
b. Ethernet over SDH shall support GFP, LCAS and VCAT features in accordance
with ITU-T G.7041 and G.7042 Recommendations.
c. The equipment shall be able to operate as either an add-drop or digital cross
connect multiplexer.
5.6 Switch
a. The equipment shall provide non-blocking, full connectivity and timing transparent
Low and High Order (LO/HO) cross-connections.
b. The equipment switch shall be able to provide cross-connections between line-to-
line, line to access and access-to-access ports at VC-12, VC-3 and VC-4 levels.
c. Concatenation at VC-12 and VC-4 levels shall be available.
d. Virtual concatenation (VCAT) at VC-12 level shall be available.
5.7 Optical Amplifier/Booster Unit

a. Optical amplifiers or boosters shall be used for extra-long haul links when the
optical power budget margin as required in TNB standard is not achieved.
b. The optical fiber characteristic and power budget calculation is attached in
Appendix E.
5.8 Regenerator
STM-1/4/16/64 Regenerator equipment shall be able to extract and regenerate signals
for extra long-haul links when the optical power budget margin as required in TNB
standard is not achieved even by the use of Optical Amplifier/ Booster.
5.9 Construction
The equipment sub rack shall be:
a. Based on IEC 297 for 19 rack or ETSI equipment practice.
b. Compliant with IEC/ ETSI specifications for EMC/ EMI requirements.
c. Equipped with the front access connection frames.
5.10 Power Supply

The equipment shall be able to support dual 48V power supply input and shall be
powered from two different 48V positive grounded DC supply system.
5.11 Protection
The equipment shall be equipped with:
a. Equipment protection.
I. N+1 protection for access interface unit.
II. 1+1 protection for Control or processor unit.
III. 1+1 protection for switch unit.
IV. 1+1 protection for centralized power supply unit.
V. Distributed power supply does not require protection.
b. Network protection employing SNCP for network protections and supporting
1+1 MSP features.
Page 43 of 101
5.12 Synchronization
a. The equipment shall have the capability of supporting SSM and prioritization of
timing sources.
b. The equipment shall have the following synchronization sources:
I. Internal
II. External
III. Line
IV. Tributary
c. The equipment shall comply with ITU-T G.813 recommendation for internal clock
source.
d. The equipment shall be able to operate under the following modes;
I. Freerunning mode
II. External-timing mode
III. Holdover mode
IV. Line mode
5.13 Data Communication Channels

The equipment shall have data communication channels for transmission of network
management information using D1-D3 and D4-12 bytes of the RSOH and MSOH bytes.
5.14 Alarm Facilities

The equipment shall have individual alarm indications on each unit and common alarm
displayed on the rack alarm unit.
5.15 Loopback Features

a. The equipment shall have loopback features for testing and maintenance
purposes.
b. The configuration shall be software configurable.
5.16 Local Management Interface

The equipment shall provide local connection for human machine interface for service
and maintenance.
5.17 Optical Line Terminal Interface

a. Optical Line terminal unit shall provide the aggregate interface for transmission at
STM-1, STM-4, STM-16 or STM-64 synchronous level.
b. Optical connectors shall be FC/PC or LC/PC type suitable for single mode optical
fibers complying with ITU-T Recommendations.
c. The equipment shall be provided with ALS complying with ITU-T Recommendation
for safety.
5.18 Access Interfaces

a. The equipment shall be able to provide access interface such as 2/34/45Mbit/s
PDH interface, STM-1 electrical interface, 10/100/1000 (where specified) Mbit/s
Ethernet Interface.
b. The equipment interface shall comply with ITU-T Recommendations for each PDH
and SDH interfaces.
c. 2Mbit/s interface shall use 120 Ohm interface for termination at the DDF.
Page 44 of 101
5.19 Synchronization Interface
The equipment shall have input and output synchronous timing interfaces.
5.20 Network Management Interface

a. The equipment shall have Q3 or open interface standard for northbound NMS
Interface.
b. The equipment shall comply with TMN standards as stated in M.3000 series ITU-
T Recommendations or Open Standard, which is internationally accepted.
5.21 Auxiliary Data Channel Interface

The equipment shall have auxiliary data channel interface.
5.22 Engineering Order Wire Interface

The equipment shall be equipped with an engineering order wire.
5.23 Alarm Interface

The equipment shall be equipped with alarm input and output interfaces.
5.24 Digital Distribution Frame

Digital Distribution Frame for the equipment shall be provided to terminate with the
following interfaces:
I. 2Mbit/s using 120 Ohm Krone connectors/ disconnectors.
II. 34/45Mbit/s.
III. 155Mbit/s.
IV. RJ 45 Ethernet Interface.
V. Synchronization clock Interfaces.
VI. Auxiliary interface.
VII. Any other digital or optical interfaces provided by the equipment.
5.25 Inspection and Testing

The equipment shall undergo the following tests:
I. Type test for new equipment introduced in the telecommunication network.
II. Factory integration and acceptance test
III. Site integration and acceptance test.
5.26 Recommended SDH Multiplexer Equipment Optical

Connectivity Practice and Testing
a. For STM-1 optical connections to substation, the optical module for the remote
end substation shall always reside on the main optical daughter card and not the
extended optical daughter card.
b. The extended optical daughter card shall be used for optical connectivity to less
critical sites that required SDH connectivity i.e. TNB offices, etc.
Page 45 of 101
6. UTILITY SDH Equipment
6.1 Introduction
a. This chapter describes the guidelines on technical requirements of UTILITY SDH
Equipment.
b. The UTILITY SDH Equipment will be used primarily to serve critical operational
services such as teleprotection services, operational telephone, SCADA, wide area
protection, fault recorder, metering, power quality and administrative services such
as email, internet, intranet and other Ethernet services.
c. The UTILITY SDH shall be able to function as add-drop multiplexers, digital cross-
connect multiplexers and terminal multiplexers. The equipment shall be used for
transmission of digital signals at the ITU-T Recommended SDH hierarchical bit rate
of at least 155Mbit/s over single mode optical fiber in the 1310nm or 1550nm
wavelength window.
6.2 Standards
The equipment shall comply with the latest revision of the following standard and
recommendation.
ITU-T G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fiber and cable
Characteristics of a cut-off shifted, single-mode optical fiber
ITU-T G.654
and cable
Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital
ITU-T G.703
interfaces
Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048,
ITU-T G.704
8448 and 44 736 kbit/s hierarchical levels
Network node interface for the Synchronous Digital
ITU-T G.707
Hierarchy (SDH)
Sub STM-0 network node interface for the Synchronous
ITU-T G.708
Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.781 Synchronization layer functions
Types and general characteristics of Synchronous Digital
ITU-T G.782
Hierarchy (SDH) multiplexing equipment
Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.783
equipment functional blocks
Management aspects of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
ITU-T G.784
(SDH) transport network elements
Timing characteristics of SDH equipment Slave Clocks
ITU-T G.813
(SEC)
Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node
ITU-T G.812
clocks in synchronization networks
Error performance of an international digital connection
ITU-T G.821 operating at a bit rate below the primary rate and forming
part of an Integrated Services Digital Network
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which
ITU-T G.823
are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy
Page 46 of 101
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which
ITU-T G.825
are based on the Synchronous Digital hierarchy (SDH)
End-to-end error performance parameters and objectives for
ITU-T G.826
international, constant bit-rate digital paths and connections
Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the
ITU-T G.957
synchronous digital hierarchy
ITU-T Q.811 Lower layer protocol profiles for the Q and X interfaces
ITU-T Q.812 Upper layer protocol profiles for the Q and X interfaces
Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions
ETSI ETS 300 019
and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment;
Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Synchronous Digital
ETSI ETS 300 147
Hierarchy (SDH); Multiplexing structure
Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Generic requirements
ETSI ETS 300 417
of transport functionality of equipment;
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
ETSI 300 386 (ERM); Telecommunication network equipment;
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements
IEC 61000 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
ITU-T G.7041 Generic framing procedure
Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) for virtual
ITU-T G.7042
concatenated signals
IEEE Standard for N Times 64 Kilobit per Second Optical
IEEE C37.94-2002 Fiber Interfaces between Teleprotection and Multiplexer
Equipment
IEEE Standard Environmental and Testing Requirements
IEEE 1613-2003 for Communications Networking Devices in Electric Power
Substations
Communication networks and systems in substations - Part
IEC 61850-3:2002 3: General requirements
Connectors for electronic equipment - Part 7: Detail

IEC 60603-7 specification for 8-way, unshielded, free and fixed
connectors
Table 11: Standards on UTILITY SDH Equipment
6.3 Hierarchy
Table 12 shows UTILITY SDH Transmission Hierarchy and the line rate associated
with it.
SDH Bit Rate (Mbps) Abbreviated

STM-1 155.52 155 Mbps
STM-4 622.08 622 Mbps
Table 12: UTILITY SDH Transmission Hierarchy
a. The architecture of UTILITY SDH Equipment shall be based on the Next

Generation SDH and fully integrated with the 64kbps interfaces. There shall be no
external cabling or wiring between the Next Generation SDH part and the 64kbps
interfaces.
Page 47 of 101
b. The UTILITY SDH shall consist the following plug-in units:
I. Control Unit
II. Cross Connection Unit
III. Synchronization Unit
IV. Line Terminal Unit
V. Access interface Unit
VI. Power Supply Unit
VII. Equipment management function
VIII. Alarm supervision function
c. The equipment shall be modular in design and support hot swapping of modules.
6.5 UTILYTY SDH Equipment Features
a. Able to withstand harsh substation environmental elements such as high operating

temperature minimum of 45C, humidity of 90%, dust and EMI.
b. Ethernet over SDH shall support GFP, LCAS, LAPS and VCAT features in
accordance with ITU-T G.7041 and G.7042 Recommendations.
c. Designed for critical operational services that require high reliability and high
availability such as teleprotection services.
d. Supports Teleprotection specific interfaces such as IEEE C37.94,
e. Has integrated or external Protection Signaling Equipment.
f. Shall be able to operate as either an add-drop or digital cross connect multiplexer.
6.6 Switch
a. The equipment shall provide non-blocking, full connectivity and timing transparent
Low and High Order (LO/HO) cross-connections.
b. The equipment switch shall be able to provide cross-connections between line-to-
line, line to access and access-to-access ports at DS0 (64kbps), VC-12, VC-3 and
VC-4 levels.
c. The cross-connect switch shall also support the unidirectional point-to-point and bi-
directional point-to-point connection.
d. Concatenation at VC-12 and VC-4 levels shall be available.
e. Virtual concatenation (VCAT) at VC-12 level shall be available.
6.7 Optical Amplifier/Booster Unit
a. Optical amplifiers or boosters shall be used for extra-long haul links when the
optical power budget margin as required in TNB standard is not achieved.
b. The optical fiber characteristic and power budget calculation is attached in
Appendix D.
6.8 Regenerator
STM-1/4/16 Regenerator equipment shall be able to extract and regenerate signals for
extra long-haul links when the optical power budget margin as required in TNB standard
is not achieved even by the use of Optical Amplifier/ Booster.
6.9 Construction
The equipment construction shall be:
Page 48 of 101
I. Based on IEC 60297 for 19 rack or ETSI ETS 300 119 equipment practice.
II. Compliant with IEC/ ETSI specifications for EMC/ EMI requirements.
III. Equipped with the front access connection frames.
IV. The Utility SDH sub rack, main distribution frame (MDF), digital distribution
frame (DDF), alarms indicators, Protection Signaling Equipment sub rack and
all other interfaces shall be housed in the same rack.
6.10 Power Supply

6.11 Protection
a. Equipment protection.
I. 1+1 protection for control or processor unit.
II. 1+1 protection for switch unit.
III. 1+1 protection for centralized power supply unit.
IV. Distributed power supply does not require protection.
b. Network protection employing SNCP for network protections, supporting 1+1
MSP features and LCAS for Ethernet protection.
6.12 Synchronization
a. The equipment shall have the capability of supporting SSM and prioritization of
timing sources.
b. The equipment shall have the following synchronization sources:
I. Internal
II. External
III. Line
IV. Tributary
c. The equipment shall comply with ITU-T G.813 recommendation for internal clock
source.
d. The equipment shall be able to operate under the following modes:
I. Freerunning mode
II. Through-timing mode
III. External-timing mode
IV. Holdover mode
V. Line-timing mode
6.13 Data Communication Channels
The equipment shall have data communication channels for transmission of network
management information using D1-D3 and D4-12 bytes of the RSOH and/or MSOH
bytes. Interworking between different vendor equipment shall be supported.
The equipment shall have individual alarm indications on each unit and common alarm
displayed on the rack alarm unit.
Page 49 of 101
purposes.
and maintenance.
6.17 Optical Line Terminal Interface
a. Optical Line terminal unit shall provide the aggregate interface for transmission at
STM-1 and STM-4 synchronous level.
b. Optical connectors shall be FC/PC or LC/PC type suitable for single mode optical
fibers complying with ITU-T Recommendations G.652, G.653 and G.654.
c. The equipment shall be provided with ALS and restart facilities to comply with ITU-
T G.958 Recommendations.
6.18 Access Interface
The equipment shall be able to provide access interface as below:
a. 2Mbit/s
The 2Mbit/s electrical characteristics should comply with the following
specification:
Descriptions Specifications
Type of Interface Electrical, according to ITU-T
Rec.G703
Bit Rate 2048 kbit/s
Code HDB3
b. 34/45Mbit/s
specification:
Rec.G703
Bit Rate 34368 kbit/s
Code HDB3

specification:
Rec.G703 and to ANSI TS 102 Rec.
Bit Rate 44.736 kbpss
Code B3ZS
Page 50 of 101
c. 10/100/1000 Ethernet Interfaces
The 10/100 Ethernet interfaces should comply with the following specification:
Type of Interface Electrical, full compliant to IEEE
802.3 standard, 10Base-T and
100Base-T
Bit Rate Autosensing: 10Mb/s and 100Mb/s
Connector RJ45
The 1000 Ethernet interfaces should comply with the following specification:
Type of Interface Electrical, full compliant to IEEE
802.3 standard, 10Base-T,
100Base-T and 1000Base-T
Bit Rate 1.25Gbit/s
Connector RJ45
d. C37.94 Interface
C37.94 interfaces should comply with the following specification:
Type of Interface Comply with IEEE Std C37.94
2002
Bit Rate N X 64kbps
Connector ST or BFOC/2.5
e. FXO/FXS Interface
I. FXS unit is connected to the two-wire subscriber line of the exchange.

II. FXO unit shall be suitable for connection to 2-wire telephone set and shall
be equipped with ringing generator.
f. RS232 Interface
RS232 interfaces should comply with the following specification:
Type of Interface Comply with EIA/TIA232-C or ITU-T
V.24 standard
Bit Rate 9.6kbps to 19.2kbps
Signal level 5 to 15 volts
6.19 Synchronization Interface

The equipment shall have input and output synchronous timing interfaces as below:
Type of Interface Comply with ITU-T G.703
Bit Rate 2048kHz or 2048kbps
Page 51 of 101
a. The equipment shall have Q3 or open interface standard for northbound NMS
Interface.
b. The equipment shall comply with TMN standards as stated in M.3000 series ITU-
T Recommendations Q.811/Q.812 or Open Standard, which is internationally
accepted.
6.21 Alarm Interface

The equipment shall be equipped with alarm input and output interfaces.
6.22 Digital Distribution Frame

Digital Distribution Frame for the equipment shall be provided to terminate with the
following interfaces:
I. 2Mbit/s using 120 Ohm Krone connectors/ disconnectors.
II. RJ45 Ethernet Interface (RJ45 Patch panel)
III. FXO/FXS Interface
IV. RS232 Interface
V. G.703 Interface
VI. Synchronization clock Interfaces.
VII. Alarm Termination.
VIII. Any other digital or optical interfaces provided by the equipment.

I. Type test for new equipment introduced in the telecommunication network.
II. Factory integration and acceptance test
III. Site integration and acceptance test.
Page 52 of 101
7. Wavelength Dense Multiplexing (WDM)
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Concept
Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes a
number of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different
wavelengths (i.e., colors) of laser light.
7.1.2 Type of WDM

WDM systems are divided into different wavelength patterns:
a. Conventional/ Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM)
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) in contrast to DWDM
uses increased channel spacing to allow less sophisticated and thus
cheaper transceiver designs.
b. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM).
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) uses denser channel
spacing. TNB currently uses DWDM system in its telecommunication
network.
This chapter describes the guidelines on technical requirements of Dense
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Equipment used in TNB. DWDM
Equipment shall be known as The equipment hereafter in this document.
7.2 Standards
The equipment shall comply with the latest revision of the following ETSI and ITU-T
standard and recommendation.
Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable
ITU-T G.652
Optical safety procedures and requirements for optical transport
ITU-T G.664
systems
Transmission characteristics of optical components and
ITU-T G.671
subsystems
Physical transfer functions of optical networks elements
ITU-T G.680
ITU-T G.692 Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical
amplifiers
Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency grid
ITU-T G.694.1
ITU-T G.697 Optical monitoring for DWDM systems
Multichannel DWDM applications with single channel optical
ITU-T G.698.1
interfaces
Amplified multichannel DWDM applications with single channel
ITU-T G.698.2
optical interfaces
ITU-T G.707 Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy
(SDH)
Page 53 of 101
ITU-T G.709 Interfaces for Optical Transport Network (OTN)
Architecture of optical transport networks
ITU-T G.872
Management aspects of the optical transport network element
ITU-T G.874
Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the
ITU-T G.957
synchronous digital hierarchy
Principles for a telecommunications management network
ITU-T M.3010
ETSI ETS 300 019 Environmental Conditions and environmental tests for
telecommunications equipment.
ETSI EN 300 386 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM);
Telecommunication network equipment;
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements
ETSI EN 300 132-2 Equipment Engineering (EE);Power supply interface at the input
to telecommunications equipment;Part 2: Operated by direct
current (dc)
IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-X Gbit/s Ethernet over Fiber-Optic at 1 Gbit/s

IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gbit/s (1,250 MB/s) Ethernet over fiber
INCITS 373:2003 Information technology - Fibre Channel Framing and Signaling
Interface (FC-FS)
Table 13: ITU-T and ETSI Standards on DWDM Equipment

a. The architecture of the equipment shall consist of:
I. Control or Processor Unit
II. Power Supply Unit
III. Optical Amplifier Unit (if required)
IV. Multiplexer De-multiplexer Unit
V. Transponder Unit
VI. User Interfaces Units
VII. Local Management Unit
VIII. Network Management Unit
b. The equipment shall be modular in design and support hot swapping of modules.
7.4 DWDM Features

a. The DWDM system shall support mixture of the following services:
I. SDH STM16
II. SAN Fiber Channel 8G
III. LAN and WAN Gigabit Ethernet and 10GB Ethernet
b. The DWDM system shall be transparent for any service protocol and maintain data
integrity.
c. The DWDM system shall be able to handle all external client system wavelengths.
Page 54 of 101
7.5 Construction
The equipment sub rack shall be:
I. Based on IEC 297 for 19 rack or ETSI equipment practice.
II. Compliant with IEC/ ETSI specifications for EMC/ EMI requirements.
III. Equipped with the front access connection frames.
7.6 Power Supply

7.7 Protection
a. Equipment protection:-
I. 1+1 protection for Control or processor unit.
II. 1+1 protection for centralized power supply unit.
III. Distributed power supply does not require protection.
7.7 Control or Processor Unit

The Equipment shall support control or processor unit for the configuration of services
and functions of the equipment.
7.8 Optical Amplifier Unit (if required)

The Equipment shall consist of an optical amplifier (if required) to boost the multi-
wavelength optical signal for transmission over the optical fiber link.
Terminal A Terminal B
Transponder
Transponder
Mux-Demux
Mux-Demux
Interface
Interface
Optical Line Amplifiers Optical
Amplifier Amplifier
Figure 18: Components of DWDM System
7.9 Multiplexer De-multiplexer Unit

The Equipment shall consist of the following:
7.9.1 Multiplexer
The multiplexer contains a wavelength-converting transponder for each data
signal and an optical multiplexer. Each wavelength-converting transponder
receives an optical data signal from the client-layer, such as Synchronous
optical networking [SONET /SDH] or another type of data signal, converts this
signal into the electrical domain and re-transmits the signal at a specific
wavelength using a laser. These data signals are then combined together into
a multi-wavelength optical signal using an optical multiplexer, for transmission
over fiber
Page 55 of 101
7.9.2 De-Multiplexer
The de-multiplexer consisting of an optical de-multiplexer and one or more
wavelength-converting transponders separates the multi-wavelength optical
signal back into individual data signals and outputs them on separate fibers for
client-layer systems (such as SONET/SDH).
7.10 Transponders
The Equipment shall support transponders to translate the transmit wavelength of a
client-layer signal into one of the DWDM system's internal wavelengths in the 1,550 nm
band.
7.11 Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)

The Equipment shall support Optical Supervisory Channel for carrying information
about the multi-wavelength optical signal as well as for remote software
upgrades and network management.

and maintenance.

The equipment shall be equipped with network management interface.
7.14 User Interface

The equipment shall be able to provide access interface as below:
I. 10Gbit/s Ethernet
II. 8Gbit/s Fiber Channel
III. 1Gbit/s Ethernet
IV. STM-16

a. The equipment shall have individual alarm indications on each unit and common
alarm displayed on the rack alarm unit.
b. The equipment shall be equipped with alarm input and output interfaces.

purposes.

a. Factory integration and acceptance test
b. Site integration and acceptance test.
Page 56 of 101
7.18 Extra-Long Haul Links
The following methods to maintain optical signal integrity are to be used for extra-long
haul links:
7.18.1 Regenerator
Regenerator equipment shall be able to extract and regenerate signals for
extra long-haul links when the optical power budget margin as required is not
achieved by the use of built-in equipments optical amplifier.
7.18.2 Optical Amplifier

Additional line optical amplifiers shall be used for extra-long haul links when
the optical power budget margin as required is not achieved and no
intermediate station is available for regeneration of the signal.
8. IP-Network
8.1 Introduction
a. This chapter describes the guidelines on technical requirements of IP Network in
TNB.
b. IP Network can be divided by two:-
I. WAN (Wide Area Network).
II. LAN (Local Area Network).
c. WAN Network adopts IP Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology. The
WAN network comprises of the following routers:
Router Type Functions

Provider (P) or Label Switch A MPLS router that performs routing based only on the
Router (LSR) label and located in the middle of a MPLS network. It is
responsible for switching the labels used to route
packets.
Provider Edge (PE) or Label A MPLS router that operates at the edge of an MPLS
Edge Router (LER) network and acts as the entry and exit points for the
network. It is responsible to push an MPLS label onto
an incoming packet and pop it off the outgoing packet.
Customer Edge (CE) The router at the customer premises that is connected
to the provider edge of a service provider IP/MPLS
network.
d. LAN (Local Area Network) adopts Ethernet technology. The LAN comprise of wired
and wireless network.
Page 57 of 101
I. Wired The wired network consists of Core, Distribution and Access
Switches.
II. Wireless The wireless network contains of Bridge and Access.
IP - Network
WAN LAN
(Wide Area Network) (Local Area Network)
IP/MPLS Wired Wireless
Customer Edge Core Distribution Access

Provider (P) Provider Edge (PE) Bridge Access
(CE)
Figure 19: IP-MPLS Network Hierarchy Diagram
8.2 WAN (Wide Area Network)

a. The function of WAN is to provide connectivity between all TNB premises such
as:-
I. TNB Office
II. TNB Yard
III. TNB Store
IV. TNB Substation
V. TNB Power Station
VI. TNB Data Centre
VII. TNB Control Centre
b. Typical TNB connectivity for WAN as per below diagram:-
Figure 20 : TNB IP-MPLS Connectivity
Page 58 of 101
c. Standard location for the routers:-
No. Router Type Location

1 P Data Centre 1 and Data Centre 2
Selected Pengurus Besar Negeri (PBN) offices and selected 275kV
2 PE
substations
3 CE Identified TNB Offices and 132/275/500kV substations
Table 14: Standard Router Location

d. The standard connectivity for WAN:-
Connectivity
No. Link Physical Bandwidth
1 PP Optical Fiber via DWDM network 1Gbps
Optical Fiber via DWDM network 1Gbps

2 P PE
Ethernet via SDH network 45Mbps
Optical Fiber via DWDM network 1Gbps

3 PE PE
Ethernet via SDH network 45Mbps
4 PE CE Ethernet via SDH network 20Mbps
5 CE CE Ethernet/Serial via 3rd Party Network 1 10Mbps
6 CE LAN Ethernet 100Mbps/1Gbps
Table 15: Standard WAN Connectivity
e. Design:-
I. The design of IP-MPLS based on the Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3 and Tier 4:-
1. Tier-1 site consists of one P router and two PE routers for the MPLS
VPN services. There are redundant GE links created between the PE
routers and the Layer 3 switches in the same Tier-1 site for the access
to the local Data Center.
Figure 21: Tier-1 Drawing
Page 59 of 101
2. Tier-2 site consists of one PE router, which is responsible to
aggregate all connections from CE routers of branch
offices/substations in the region.

3. Tier 3 sites are so-called Type 1 Branch Offices/Substation. The Tier-
3 site consists of a CE router, which connects to PE routers of
redundant

4. Tier 4 - Due to the coverage of the infrastructure, not all remote Branch
Offices/Substation can be connected to the Tier-2 regional sites
directly. Only for these exceptional cases, the remote Branch
Offices/Substation will connect back to the TNB IP/MPLS Core through
another Branch Office/Substation (Tier-3 site).
Page 60 of 101
II. Routing protocol for IP MPLS using OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
III. IP MPLS network scalability
1. Maximum number of PE connected to each P is 18 (Subject to
additional module at P).
2. Maximum numbers of CE connected to each PE is 50.
IV. Type of P, PE, CE as below:
P Routers
No. Criteria Data Centre
The minimum number of
1 Routed Ethernet interface of P 1 slot 24 ports
router
The requirement of Application
2 Specific Integrated Circuit Yes
(ASIC)-based processor
3 Minimum no of Slots 6
4 Rugged Type No
5 Power Supply 48V DC and redundant
Table 16: P Router Type for Data Centre
Page 61 of 101
PE Router
No. Criteria Offices Substation
1 Routed Ethernet interface of 1 slot 24 ports 1 slot 24 ports
PE router
The requirement of
Application Specific
2 Yes Yes
Integrated Circuit (ASIC)-
based processor
3 Minimum no of Slots 4 4
3 Rugged Type No No
48V DC and
4 Power Supply 48V DC
redundant
Table 17: PE Router Type for Offices and Substation
CE Router
No. Criteria Offices Substation
1 Routed Ethernet interface of 3 3
CE router
The requirement of To be installed as
2 Not Applicable
Asynchronous module and when required.
3 Rugged Type No Yes
48V DC and
4 Power Supply DC/ AC*
redundant
* Refer to item LAN Network Requirement at TNB Premises
Table 18 : CE Router Type for Offices and Substation

V. Service separation in IP - MPLS
1. The service separation in Tier 1 and Tier 2 at PE Router can be done
by MPLS-VPN.
2. The service separation in Tier 3 and Tier 4 at CE sites can be done

by Virtual Routing Forwarding. The following graph shows the
concept of the VRF feature.
Page 62 of 101
Figure 25: Concept of the VRF Feature Diagram
VI. Security Between Application/Corporate Networks
1. A firewall or redundant firewalls will be installed as the control point
between the service separation for Tier 2 and Tier 3.
8.3 LAN (Local Area Network)

a. The function of LAN is to provide connectivity to end-users in a TNB premises.
b. Typical connectivity for LAN divided by two:-
i. More than 200 users
CE Router
Core Switch
Access Access Access

Switch Switch Switch
Figure 26: LAN
Equipment Configuration for Users More Than 200
Page 63 of 101
ii. Less than 200 users
CE Router
Access Access Access

Switch Switch Switch
Figure 27: LAN Equipment Configuration for Users Less Than 200
c. Standard Connectivity for LAN:
Connectivity
No. Function Cable Type Minimum Bandwidth
Client Noncritical - PC,MFP,IP
1 UTP Cat5E Cable 100Mbps
Phone, EASY access
2 Client Critical Server UTP Cat 5E Cable 1Gbps
3 Inter-floor Multimode fibre* 1Gbps
4 Inter-building Singlemode fibre* 1Gbps
Inter-building (Less than
5 STP Cat5E Cable 1Gbps
70metres)
* SFP transceivers shall be used as the optical to electrical converter.
Table 19: Access Switch Type in the Building
d. Wireless equipment.
Wireless network shall be based on IEEE 802.11 standards. The Wireless

Access Point shall be lightweight type while the Wireless Bridge shall be
standalone type.
e. Type of Wireless equipment.
Equipment Type
No. Criteria Wireless Access Wireless Bridge
Point
1 Type Controller Based Standalone
WPA2 Enterprise with WPA2 with AES-
2 Security (Minimum)
AES-CCMP CCMP
3 Data Rate (Minimum) 54Mbps 54Mbps
4 Antenna External External
Page 64 of 101
Equipment Type
No. Criteria Wireless Access Wireless Bridge
Point
Recommended Number
5 25 Not Applicable
of User per Access Point
6 Power Supply Type AC or POE AC
Table 20 : Wireless Equipment Criteria

f. LAN Security
i. LAN will be segregated between users, servers, and vendors using VLAN.
ii. 3rd Party network devices are not allowed based on TNB policy.
g. LAN Network Requirement at TNB premises (offices):-

Sample diagram of basic LAN configuration at TNB premises (offices)
Multiple Floor office premise is as follows:
TNB Premise
Distribution Network Room 4th

Floor
Access Switch
Distribution Network Room 3rd

Floor
Access Switch
Fiber Optic
Distribution Network Room 2nd

Floor
Access Switch
Distribution Network Room 1st

Floor
Access Switch
Main Network Room Ground

Floor
Link 1 (Main)
UTP TNB Fiber Optic/
3rd Party LL
Core Router Link 2 (Backup)
Core Switch
Figure 23 : LAN Network Configuration at TNB premise (Multiple floor office premise)
LAN configuration for TNB premises (offices) are divided into 3 type of
premise category:
Type of Premise No. of Staff

Big > 200
Medium 5 < x < 200
Small <5
Table 24 : Type of TNB Premise
Page 65 of 101
TNB Premises (Offices) Critical Site Categorization:
VVVIP Premise Critical premise based on function

CEO Office Customer Management Center (CMC)
VPs Office Data Center/Regional Data Center
Pengurus Besar Negeri (PBN) Office Regional Control Center (RCC)
Heavy customer traffic Kedai Tenaga (e.g.: Kepong/Subang)
Table 25 : TNB Premise Critical Site Categorization

CE Router requirement for LAN at TNB premises (offices):
Item/Office Category Big Medium Small
DC at Main Network Room AC at

DC at Main Network Room Distribution Network Room
AC Supply
AC at Distribution Network Install UPS at selected sites. UPS
Room Protection Period : 2 hours Option for limited size office
Install UPS at selected sites. Voltage Regulator at selected sites AC-type CE Router
(1) Power Supply
UPS Protection Period : 2 with UPS
hours Option for limited size office:-
UPS Protection Period
Voltage Regulator at selected AC-type CE Router with UPS : 1 Hour
sites
UPS Protection Period : 2 Hours
Page 66 of 101
Managed Type with SNMP capability and console port
(2) Manageability Can be monitored by existing NMS
Supports RADIUS and TACACS+ servers for AAA
(3) Three (3) interfaces required

(3) Minimum number Interface 1 : Main Link (i.e. SFP/FE/GE)
of Routed Interface 2 : Backup Link (i.e. SFP/FE/GE)
interface Interface 3 : Local LAN (i.e. SFP/FE/GE)
(4)
No
(4) Rugged Type
(5) Requirement of
Asynchronous Not Applicable
module
Table 26 : CE Router requirement at TNB Premises (Offices)
Page 67 of 101
Switch requirement for LAN at TNB premises (offices):
AC at Main Network Room

DC at Main Network Room
Install UPS at selected
AC at Distribution Network Room sites. UPS Protection
(1) Power Supply Period : 1 hour
Install UPS at selected sites. UPS Protection Period : 2 hours
Voltage Regulator at selected sites Voltage Regulator at

selected sites
Managed Type with SNMP capability and console port
(2) Manageability Can be monitored by existing NMS
Supports RADIUS and TACACS+ servers for AAA
48/ 24 ports
(3) Minimum Gigabit
Ethernet Network Port In specific case where there is a requirement for POE, the Switch shall support POE ports.
Access Switch : 2 ports (minimum)

(4) Requirement of 1Gbps
SFP Ports Main Switch : All ports
(5) Rugged Type No
Page 68 of 101
(6) Minimum Reserve Port 6 ports

Capacity
(7) Rack Mountable Yes
Table 27 : Switch requirement at TNB Premises (Office)
Network Room Specs & Other General Requirement at TNB premises (offices):
(1) Minimum Main Network 4.5 m x 4.5 m 3.0 m x 3.0 m

Room Size
(2) Minimum Distribution 2.0 m x 2.0 m Not applicable

Network Room Size
(3) Room-type Sealed from dust for Main Network & Distribution Network Room
Main Network Room : EASY System

(4) Door Access for
Network Room Distribution Network Room : Normal door lock
Page 69 of 101
(5) Room Door Opening Outswing door type for room access
Type
For power supply redundancy:
For critical office = Dual

For power supply redundancy: 48VDC Supply Type 1
For critical office = Dual 48VDC Supply Type 1 For non-critical office =
Single 48VDC Supply Type
For non-critical office = Single 48VDC Supply Type 1
1 or UPS with 1-hour
(6) Power Supply
Voltage Inverter at sites which have existing AC-type CE protection period
Router/Switch
Voltage Regulator at selected
For premise with UPS, UPS shall be Managed Type with SNMP sites
capability
For premise with UPS, UPS
shall be Managed Type with
SNMP capability
Applicable to Main Network Room only
Raised platform type (computer floor)
(7) Raised floor Minimum height > 0.3 m from ground finish level
Main and Distribution Network Room shall not be carpeted at all
Distribution Network Room shall not be installed with raised floor
Page 70 of 101
At Main Network Room:
1.5 hp x 2 At Main Network Room

Split Unit. Operate in 12-hours rotation 1.5 hp x 2
(8) Aircond Unit
At Distribution Network Room: Split Unit. Operate in 12-
1.0 hp x 2 hours rotation
Split Unit. Operate in 12-hours rotation
(9) Network Room Average temperature requirement : 18 C - 24 C 24 hours a day

Temperature
Rack Dimension : 600mm x 800mm
(10) Network Rack Rack Height : 42U/ 24U
Minimum clearance for all rack doors to wall : 1000mm
Table 28 : CE Router Requirement at TNB Premises (Offices)
Page 71 of 101
9. PDH Optical Line Terminal Equipment and
Higher Order Multiplexer Equipment
9.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the guidelines on PDH Optical Line Terminal Equipment and
Higher Order Multiplexer equipment.
9.2 Hierarchy
The hierarchy level on the PDH system is shown in Table 12 below:
Hierarchy (Level) European Carrier Bit Rate
1 E1 2.048 Mbps
2 E2 8.448 Mbps
3 E3 34.368 Mbps
4 E4 139.264 Mbps
Table 21: PDH Hierarchy
9.3 Optical Line Terminal Equipment Features

a. Optical Line Terminal Equipment (OLTE) shall be able to transmit signal at nominal
rates 140Mbit/s, 34Mbit/s, 8Mbit/s or 2Mbit/s.
b. Optical Line Terminal Equipment (OLTE) shall be supplied with FC-PC optical
connector.
9.4 Third Order Multiplex Equipment

The characteristics of the Third Order Multiplex Equipment are:
I. Capable of multiplexing four 8448 Kbit/s streams into one 34368 Kbit/s stream.
II. Nominal bit rate of the main signal shall be 34368 Kbit/s 20 ppm.
III. The impedance of the signal is 75 Ohm
9.5 Second Order Multiplex Equipment

The characteristics of the Second Order Multiplex Equipment are:
I. Capable of multiplexing four 2048 Kbit/s streams into one 8448 Kbit/s stream.
II. Nominal bit rate of 8448 Kbit/s 30 ppm.
III. The impedance of the signal is 75 Ohm.

The Optical Line Terminal Equipment and Higher Order Multiplexer Equipment shall be
in the same rack and comprises of:
I. Plug-in units
II. Sub-racks
III. Connection frames
IV. Access interfaces
V. Alarms interfaces
Page 72 of 101
VI. Management interfaces
9.7 Alarm and Supervisory Facilities

The Optical Line Terminal Equipment and Higher Order Multiplexer Equipment shall
have alarm and supervisory facilities.

a. The Higher Order Multiplexer Equipment shall have loopback features for testing
and maintenance purposes.
b. The configuration shall be done via software.
9.9 Local Management System

a. The Optical Line Terminal Equipment and Higher Order Multiplexer equipment
shall be accessible for installation, monitoring, operations and maintenance
through a lap-top computer or a local access terminal / service terminal.
b. The Equipment shall be equipped with F interface for local access.
c. The local management system shall comprise of all necessary hardware and
software.

The equipment shall have an interface for remote NMS.
10. Access Multiplexer Equipment
10.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the guidelines on the technical requirements of access
multiplexer equipment, which consists of primary multiplexer equipment, digital drop
and insert equipment, digital cross connect equipment, voice frequency and data
interface units.
10.2 Construction
a. Mechanical construction shall be based on ETSI or 19 construction practice.
b. The sub rack shall be suitable for mounting on to racks, which comply with ETSI
ETS 300 119 or IEC 297 standard for racks and cabinets.
c. The equipment shall comprise of plug-in units, sub-racks, alarms, synchronising
and management interfaces.
10.3 Primary Multiplexer Equipment (PMUX)

Primary Multiplexer Equipment consists of the following:
i. Minimum of 30 speech channels and/or data channels in any combination of
applications.
ii. Common parts comprising of 2 Mbit/s interface, timing circuits, wired sub-rack, alarm
unit and etc.
iii. D.C. power supply input.
Page 73 of 101
iv. Used for local access.
10.4 Digital Add Drop Multiplexer Equipment (ADM)

a. Add Drop Multiplexer Equipment is used to add and drop channels along a chain of
communication links.
b. Add drop Multiplexer shall be able to add and drops at two different directions.
10.5 Digital Cross Connect Multiplexer Equipment (DXC)

a. Digital Cross Connect Multiplexer Equipment is used to cross-connect channels
across multiple communication links.
b. Digital Cross Connect Multiplexer shall be able to cross connect at minimum of four
directions.
10.6 Access Multiplexer Equipment Timing Signal

All Access Multiplexer except primary multiplexer equipment shall be able to transmit
timing signal derived from:
I. Internal clock.
II. External clock.
III. Incoming signal
10.7 Voice Frequency Channel Unit

a. Equipment shall be able to support voice frequency (V.F) and E&M interfaces.
b. The signaling unit shall be an integral part of the V.F channel unit
10.8 PCM Subscriber Unit

a. PCM subscriber unit shall be suitable for use with DTMF telephone sets.
b. PCM subscriber units shall consist of Exchange and Subscriber side unit.
10.9 Function for PCM Subscriber Unit on Exchange Side

The PCM Subscriber Unit on exchange side will be used to connect to the two-wire
subscriber line of Private Branch Exchange (PBX) equipment.
10.10 Function for PCM Subscriber Unit on Subscriber Side

The Subscriber side unit equipped with ring generator will be used to connect to a 2-wire
telephone set.
10.11 V.24/V.28 Asynchronous Data Channel Unit (DIU 1)

a. V.24/V.28 Asynchronous Data Channel Unit (DIU 1) shall operate in the duplex mode
at the ITU-T recommended speeds between 600 to 19,200 bit/s.
b. V.28/V.24 Asynchronous Data Channel Unit is normally used for RTU, power
quality monitoring system and remote metering application.
10.12 Synchronous 64kbit/s G.703 Co-directional Data Channel

Unit (DIU 2)
a. The interface impedance of Synchronous 64 kbps/G.703 Data Channel Unit shall be
120 ohm for balanced twisted cable connection.
b. The Synchronous 64 kbps/G.703 Data Channel Unit is used primarily to provide data
channels for digital teleprotection signaling equipment.
Page 74 of 101
10.13 Synchronous n x 64kbit/s V.35 Data Channel Unit (DIU 3)
a. Synchronous n x 64kbit/s V.35 Data Channel Unit (DIU3) shall operate at n x 64
kbit/s, n being 1, 2 up to 31.
b. Synchronous n x 64kbit/s V.35 Data Channel Unit is to provide interface to routers
used for operation and business/administrative applications.
10.14 Ethernet Data Channel Unit (DIU 4)

a. Ethernet Data Interface Unit (DIU4) shall operate at 2.048 Mbps (E1 G.703).
b. Ethernet Data Interface Unit is to provide interface to routers, LAN switches or Data
Terminal (PC, Laptop, Fault Disturbance recorder, Power quality device) used for
operation and business/administrative applications.
c. DIU4 shall comply with 10/100 Base-T, IEEE 802.3 standard.
d. DIU4 shall be equipped with RJ45 interfaces.
10.15 Main Distribution Frame (MDF)

a. The Main Distribution Frame (MDF) shall be used for interconnection of all voice
frequency and data channels except for DIU2 from the communication equipment to
the service equipment.
b. Krone connector- disconnector modules shall be used to provide stripping-free and
solderless interconnections.
c. The MDF shall not cause any distortion or attenuation of the signals in the
interconnection and the method used shall be suitable for multiple disconnection and
re-connection.
d. Each MDF is to be provided with at least one set of all necessary tools for connection
and disconnection.
e. The MDF must come with the appropriate surge arrestor device.
10.16 Digital Distribution Frame (DDF)

a. A digital distribution Frame (DDF) shall be used for termination of
I. DIU2(64kbit/s G.703 data) interface
II. 2 Mbit/s and higher tributary interface
b. Krone connector- disconnector modules shall be used.
10.17 Local Access

a. HMI (human machine interface) shall be available at the access multiplexer
equipment for installation, monitoring, operations and maintenance.
b. The Local access shall be through F interface.
10.18 Network Management Interface (NMS)

Access Multiplexer Equipment shall have an interface standard for remote access from
NMS.
Page 75 of 101
11. Digital Teleprotection Equipment (TPE)
11.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the guidelines on Digital Teleprotection Equipment. TPE is used
to transmit tripping commands or data produced by protective relays to remote station for
rapid tripping and isolation of faulty transmission lines.
11.2 Uses of TPE

a. For command type protection schemes such as distance protection, direct inter trip
protection, permissive, forced generator tripping and DHIS protection schemes.
b. For providing data channel used in Current Differential Protection schemes.
11.3 Number of TPEs

Voltage (kV) Number of TPEs
132 1 pair per line
275 1 pair per line
500 1 or 2 pair per line
Table 22 : Number of TPEs
11.4 TPE Configuration

The minimum requirements for each TPE are as follows:
a. Digital protection signaling equipment (PSE) for command type protections
schemes such as distance protection, direct inter tripping and permissive protective
scheme as specified by Protection Unit.
b. 64 kbps G.703 co-directional data interface unit or direct 2Mbps interface for
interfacing with PSE.
c. 64 kbps G.703 co-directional data interface unit for interfacing with Current
Differential Relay as specified by Protection Unit.
d. Dedicated primary multiplexer.
e. Dedicated 2Mbps channel should be allocated for each TPE. The channels may
be between adjacent substations or may transit one or more substations.
f. Terminal blocks with isolating links that are suitable for protection relay multi-core
cable terminations.
g. DDF for terminating Current Differential Relay signals and 2Mbps signals.
h. Dedicated 48V DC power supply switch for PSE and primary multiplexer.
11.5 Number of PSE Commands

a. A minimum of 4 commands is required for each 275kV/500kV line.
b. A minimum of 2 commands is required for 132 kV substations.
c. Number of commands is subject to Protection requirement.
Page 76 of 101
11.6 TPE Scheme Configurations
a. TPE scheme configuration for 132 kV System Using PDH Equipment is shown in
Figure 27.
b. TPE scheme configuration for 132 kV System Using SDH Equipment is shown in
Figure 28.
c. TPE scheme configuration for 132kV System Using Utility SDH Equipment is
shown in Figure 29.
d. TPE scheme configuration for 275 kV System Using PDH Equipment is shown in
Figure 30.
e. TPE scheme configuration for 275 kV System Using SDH Equipment is shown in
Figure 31.
f. TPE scheme configuration for 275kV / 500kV System Using Utility SDH Equipment
is shown in Figure 32.
g. TPE scheme configuration for 500kV System Using PDH Equipment is shown in
Figure 33.
h. TPE scheme configuration for 500kV System Using SDH Equipment is shown in
Figure 34.
i. SNCP for Protection Scheme for 500KV Using SDH Equipment is shown in Figure
35.
11.7 TPE Scheme for 132kV System Using PDH Equipment

Current Differential Current Differential
G.703 G.703
Main 1, L1 Main 1, L1
PMUX PMUX
Breaker Failure Breaker Failure
PSE G.703 G.703 PSE
L1 L1
PDH PDH
G.703 G.703
PMUX PMUX
PSE G.703 G.703 PSE
L2 L2
Figure 28: TPE scheme configuration for 132 kV System Using PDH Equipment
11.8 TPE Scheme for 132kV System Using SDH Equipment

G.703 G.703
PMUX PMUX
PSE G.703 G.703 PSE
L1 L1
SDH SDH
G.703 G.703
PMUX PMUX
PSE G.703 G.703 PSE
L2 L2
Figure 29: TPE scheme configuration for 132 kV System Using SDH Equipment
Page 77 of 101
11.9 TPE Scheme for 132kV System Using UTILITY SDH
Equipment
SUBSTATION A SUBSTATION B SUBSTATION C
Breaker Breaker Breaker Breaker

Failure PSE G.703 / E1 Failure PSE G.703 / E1 PSE Failure G.703 / E1 PSE Failure
L1 (dir. B) L1 (dir. A) L1 (dir. C) L1 (dir. B)
Current Current Current Current
Differential G.703 / C37.94 Differential G.703 / C37.94 Differential G.703 / C37.94 Differential
U-SDH NO.1 U-SDH NO.1 U-SDH NO.1

Figure 30: TPE scheme configuration for 132 kV System Using UTILITY SDH Equipment

G.703 G.703
PSE PSE
L1 L1
PMUX PMUX

G.703 G.703
PDH PDH
G.703 G.703
PSE PSE
L2 L2
PMUX PMUX

G.703 G.703
Page 78 of 101
G.703 G.703
PSE PSE
L1 L1
PMUX PMUX

G.703 G.703
SDH SDH
G.703 G.703
PSE PSE
L2 L2
PMUX PMUX

G.703 G.703
Figure 32: TPE scheme configuration for 275 kV System Using SDH Equipment
11.12 TPE Scheme for 275/500kV System Using UTILITY SDH

Equipment
SUBSTATION A SUBSTATION B SUBSTATION C

L2 M1 (dir. B) L2 M1 (dir. A) L2 M1 (dir. C) L2 M1 (dir. B)
M1 & M2 for each Line M1 & M2 for each Line

shall be via different shall be via different
U-SDH equipment and via U-SDH equipment and via
different 2Mbps routes different 2Mbps routes

(via different 2Mbps routes) (via different 2Mbps routes)

Figure 33: TPE scheme configuration for 275/500 kV System Using UTILITY SDH
Equipment
Page 79 of 101

G.703 G.703
PSE PSE
L1 L1
PMUX PDH PDH PMUX

G.703 G.703

G.703 G.703
PSE PSE
L2 L2
PMUX PDH PDH PMUX

G.703 G.703

G.703 G.703
PSE PSE
L1 L1
PMUX SDH SDH PMUX

G.703 G.703

G.703 G.703
PSE PSE
L2 L2
PMUX SDH SDH PMUX

G.703 G.703
Figure 35 : TPE scheme configuration for 500 kV System Using SDH Equipment
Page 80 of 101
11.15 SNCP for Protection Scheme for 500kV System Using SDH
Equipment
TPE 1 SDH 1 SDH 1 TPE 1
TPE 2 SDH 2 SDH 2 TPE 2
SUBSTATION B SUBSTATION A
LEGEND :
Main Path for TPE 1 Backup Path for TPE 1
Main Path for TPE 2 Backup Path for TPE 2
Figure 36 : SNCP for Protection Scheme for 500kV System Using SDH Equipment
11.16 Number of PSE Commands

a. A minimum of 4 commands is required for each 275kV/500kV line.
b. A minimum of 2 commands is required for 132 kV substations.
c. Number of commands is subject to Protection requirement.
11.17 Equipment Mounting

The PSE shall be constructed for mounting on 19" rack.
11.18 Channel Fail

Receiver logic shall have facilities to block output command for any of the following
minimum conditions:
I. Loss of synchronization
II. Loss of signal
III. BER > 1X10-3
IV. Loss of supply voltage
V. Component or card failure
11.19 Command Input

a. The input interface rating shall have the following voltage ratings:
I. 110V DC
II. 48V DC
b. The input pickup voltage shall be 80V DC +/-10%.
Page 81 of 101
11.20 Command Output
a. Command signal extension shall be provided at the receiver end and shall be
adjustable from 0 to not less than 100 ms.
b. Configuration facilities to prevent unwanted or false tripping due to interference at
input and during transmission shall be available.
11.21 Electronic Counters or Internal Registers

Electronic counters or internal registers inclusive time and date stamping with up to 1
milliseconds accuracy shall be provided for sequence of event recordings for each input
and output command.
11.22 Transmission Time

The total transmission time from command initiation to closure of receiver output
contacts shall be less than 10 milliseconds.
11.23 Equipment Addressing

Each protection signaling equipment shall be provided with addressing features to
ensure correct pairing of equipment.
11.24 Alarms
a. Failure of any active equipment including failure of DC power supply shall be
indicated by visual alarms.
b. Voltage free contacts to be provided for remote alarm monitoring.
11.25 Power Supply Variations

The equipment shall operate normally for variation of power supply within its operating
range, either for a prolonged or short period.
11.26 Command filtering and extension

a. In order to increase the security and ensure correct operation of the teleprotection
system, the command filtering settings shall be implemented.
b. In general, the PSE shall only transmit a tripping command if the tripping signal is
present for more than 2ms. The PSE shall then continue to transmit the command
for at least 40ms to ensure that the command is properly received at the remote
end. Examples of this setting in the current TPS64 & RFL GARD8000 is given in the
Appendix.
11.27 Current Differential (CD)
11.27.1 Channel Interface (for CD)

a. Channel interface for CD Relays shall comply with ITU-T G.703
Recommendation for Co-directional 64 kbit/s G.703 interface or 2 Mbps
G.703 E1 interface or IEEE C37.94 nx64kbps fiber optic interface. (Only
special cases such as the Siemens CD Relays are connected using the
direct 2 Mbps G.703 E1 interface).
b. 2Mbps G.703 channels shall be terminated on Digital Distribution Frame
(DDF) module corresponding to the direction of the line being protected
as shown in Figure 26. Each DDF module is only for one direction of each
line.
Page 82 of 101
Direction Direction
No. 1 No. 2
DDF module DDF module TPE 1 TPE 2
Legend :
DDF- digital Distribution frame
TPE 1 Teleprotection Equipment No. 1

TPE 2 Teleprotection Equipment No. 2
Figure 37: Termination on Digital Distribution Frame for 2Mbps G.703
11.27.2 Signal Cable Length

Maximum signal cable length between CD relay and TPE shall not be
more than 100m.
11.27.3 Multipair Copper Cable for Current Differential

Protection Relay
Refer to paragraph 4.6.4.
11.27.4 Fiber Optic Cable for Current Differential Protection

Relay
Fiber optic connection between CD relay to Utility SDH will be using
multimode fiber optic patch cord in a metal conduit. The patch chord shall
be terminated using ST connectors as specified in the IEEE C37.94
standard. The maximum length for the multimode fiber optic cable is 2km.
12. 48 VDC Power System
12.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the guidelines on 48VDC power system design and
configuration.
12.2 Dual System Connectivity
The guideline to connect telecommunication equipments to dual 48V DC systems are

listed in subchapter below.
Page 83 of 101
12.2.1 Nokia PDH
For Nokia PDH equipment equipped with Enhance Power Supply Adaptor
(EPSA), dual DC input connectivity is as in Figure 38.
For Nokia PDH equipped with Power Supply Adaptor (PSA), it is

recommended to upgrade to Nokia-Siemens EPSA or other approved
equipment with dual DC input whenever possible.
Figure 38 : Dual DC system connectivity for Nokia PDH
12.2.2 SAFN PDH

For SAFN-S PDH dual DC input connectivity is as in Figure 39. For SAFN-
M, it is recommended to upgrade to SAFN-S, Nokia-Siemens PDH or other
approved equipment with dual DC input whenever possible.
Figure 39: Dual DC System for SAFN-S PDH
Page 84 of 101
12.2.3 Overall Dual DC Connectivity
Overall dual DC connectivity is in Figure 40 and Figure 41.
CAMS Point
Equipment with
Single DC Input
(e.g. Router (CE),
DC System Brand A
switch, hub,
(Existing)
modem, etc)
Circuit
Breaker 1
Distribution
Board
Circuit
Breaker 2
Equipment with
Dual DC Input
DC System Brand B (e.g. SDH, Utility
SDH, PDH, DWDM,
etc)
CAMS Point
Figure 40 : Dual DC System Connectivity (Single DB)
CAMS Point
Circuit Equipment with

Breaker 1 Single DC Input
Distribution (e.g. Router (CE),
Board DC System Brand A
switch, hub,
(Existing)
modem, etc)
Circuit
Breaker 1
Equipment with
Dual DC Input
Distribution
DC System Brand B (e.g. SDH, Utility
Board
SDH, PDH, DWDM,
etc)
CAMS Point
Figure 41: Dual DC System Connectivity (Dual DB)
Page 85 of 101
12.3 Switch Mode Rectifier (SMR) System
12.3.1 Type and Capacity

a. The rectifier system shall be of switch mode type. The switched mode
rectifier (SMR) module shall be of constant potential and current limited
design.
b. The SMR modules shall consists of minimum two identical modules with
N + 1 modules (where N is the number of main modules that provide the
required capacity and 1 is the redundant module that has the same capacity
as each of the main modules).
c. The rectifier shall be suitable for operation in parallel to supply the load
and simultaneously charge the batteries.
d. The rectifier systems ground shall be set to positive earth.
e. The total capacity of the each rectifier system shall be equal or greater
than the following :
Minimum
Charger Total SMR
DC System Location
Type Capacity for
N Modules
Type 0 48V, 20A DC Single Offices
Type I 48V, 40A DC Dual 132kV Substation
Type II Dual Major 132kV

48V, 60A DC
Substation
48V, 100A Dual 275/500kV
Type III
DC Substation
48V, 300A Dual
Type IV NLDC & COIT
DC
Table 23 : SMR Type and Total Capacity
12.3.2 Rectifier AC Source

a. The rectifier shall be designed for continuous operation with the following
AC input for either single phase or three phase supply:
Frequ
Voltage
ency
230 Vphase to neutral +10%, -6 % 50 Hz + 5 %
Table 24 : AC Voltage and Frequency
b. The AC input shall take from the LV/AC distribution board.

c. For dual SMR system configuration, the AC input shall be taken from 2
different LV/AC distribution board, provided the facility is available.
Page 86 of 101
12.3.3 DC System Earthing
a. The SMR systems ground shall be set to positive earth.
b. The SMR earthing system shall be connected to substation main earth
copper bar using minimum 16mm 2 earth cable terminated using
copper cable lug.
12.3.4 Operating Temperature

Operating temperature of the rectifier module shall be between 00C to 700C
12.3.5 Module Protection

a. The SMR shall be adequately protected against overload current, over
voltage, low voltage, thermal overload and abnormal AC supply transient
and surges.
b. The input of the SMR shall be protected by Surge Protection Devices
(SPD) Class 2/Type 2 according to IEC 61643-1 (Surge protective
devices connected to low-voltage power distribution system
Requirement and Testing).
c. The SMR shall be protected against the effect of surges and spikes on
the mains supply and shall comply with IEC 61000-4-5 (Testing and
measurement technique Surge Immunity Test)
12.3.6 Local Access

The SMR System shall be provided with the facilities for local access to do
maintenance, configuration and monitoring.
12.3.7 Remote Monitoring

The SMR System shall be provided with facilities for secure remote
access to do maintenance and monitoring.
12.3.8 Indication and Alarm Facilities

Each of the rectifier system shall be provided with the following indication
and alarm facilities:
Mains (AC supply) ON

Indication lamps
Rectifier normal
Rectifier Failure
Battery Over Voltage
Battery Low Voltage
Alarm lamp and point Low Voltage Disconnect
Mains Failure
Battery high temperature alarm

Surge Arrestor/MOV Failure
DC Output Voltage
Voltmeter (digital)
AC Input Voltage
Load Current
Ammeter (digital)
Battery Current
Table 25 : Indication and Alarm Facilities
Page 87 of 101
12.3.9 Float Charge
a. The Float charge of the SMR shall be between 54V.
b. Under normal condition all set of rectifier modules should operate in
parallel to supply the equipment load and simultaneously float charge the
battery.
c. If one rectifier module fails, the other shall continue to maintain supply up
to the rated capacity. This will include providing power to the load and to
float charge the battery.
12.3.10 Low Voltage Disconnect Value

The Low Voltage Disconnect of SMR shall be set at 43.2V.
12.3.11 Upgradeability
The SMR system shall be modular to allow the flexibility for capacity
upgrades.
12.3.12 Energy Efficiency

The SMR shall meet a minimum of 90% energy efficiency at ambient
temperature.
12.3.13 SMR System Configuration

Dual DC system configuration is required for all 132kV, 275kV and 500kV
substations.
SINGLE SMR SYSTEM FOR NON-CRITICAL STATION
SMR SYSTEM 1
SURGE
ARRESTER MODULE 1 MCB
DC
R
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
AC
MAIN DC
CIRCUIT
MODULE 2 BREAKER
DC
Y
CIRCUIT
BREAKER AC SPARES
FOR
FUTURE
MODULE N+1
AC TERMINAL BATTERY BANK A
DC
SOURCE 1 BLOCK
B DISTRIBUTION PANEL
CIRCUIT
BREAKER AC
Figure 42: Configuration of Single DC System for Offices and Substations

(below 132kV)
Page 88 of 101
DUAL SMR SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
SMR SYSTEM 1
SURGE
ARRESTER
MODULE 1 MCB
DC
R
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
AC
MAIN DC
CIRCUIT
MODULE 2 BREAKER
DC
Y
CIRCUIT
BREAKER AC SPARES
FOR
FUTURE
MODULE N+1
AC TERMINAL BATTERY BANK A
DC
SOURCE 1 BLOCK
CIRCUIT
BREAKER AC
SMR SYSTEM 2
SURGE
ARRESTER
MODULE 1 MCB
DC
R
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
AC MAIN DC
CIRCUIT
MODULE 2 BREAKER
DC
Y
CIRCUIT
BREAKER AC SPARES
FOR
FUTURE
MODULE N+1 BATTERY BANK B

AC DC TERMINAL
SOURCE 2 BLOCK
CIRCUIT
BREAKER AC
Figure 43: Configuration of Dual SMR System for All New Substation
(132kV and above)
12.3.14 SMR Cabinet

a. The cabinet shall be free standing, ventilated and vermin proof.
b. The cabinet shall be divided into shelves, housing the rectifier modules,
AC distribution panel, DC distribution panel, control panel and
alarm/instrumentation panel.
c. The rectifier cabinet shall be designed for ease of installation and
servicing.
12.3.15 DC Distribution Panel

a. All the DC wiring connections for the equipment or load should be
brought to a common DC panel within the charger chassis.
b. Individual MCB shall be provided for each outgoing circuits.
c. The number of MCB outlets in the panel shall be as follows:
SMR Type 6A Outlets 16A Outlets 32A Outlets

Type 0 6 8 -
Type I 6 8 6
Type II 6 8 6
Type III 12 16 12
Type IV 12 16 12
Table 26 : Number of MCB Outlets in DC Distribution Panel
Page 89 of 101
12.3.16 DC Termination Block
a. The termination block shall be screwed type.
b. Each termination block size shall have the following MCB rating as
shown in Table 29.
Termination block size MCB Rating

6mm2 6A
16mm2 16A
25mm2 32A
Table 27 : DC Termination Block Size and MCB Rating
12.3.17 Portable Charger

a. It shall be used to provide temporary 48V DC power supply to
b. It shall be equivalent to Type 1 charger.
12.4 Battery
12.4.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the guidelines on 48V battery design and
configuration.
12.4.2 Design
a. The battery shall be used to supply the telecommunication equipment
whenever there is no AC input or the SMR failed.
b. The nominal system voltage shall be 48 V DC.
c. The battery shall be charged by the SMR and shall also be able to
provide back up supply to the equipment in the case of AC failure via
the DC distribution panel.
d. The battery shall be from Valve Regulated Sealed Lead Acid (VRLA)
type using gas recombination technique.
e. The battery shall comply with IEC60896-21 (Stationary lead-acid
batteries Part 21: Valve regulated types method of test) and
IEC60896-22 (Stationary lead-acid batteries Part 22: Valve regulated
types Requirements).
Page 90 of 101
12.4.3 Battery Capacity
a. For new 48VDC system, the battery capacity shall be follow as Table
30.
Minimum
Minimum
Charger Total SMR
DC System Battery Capacity Location
Type Capacity for
per system
N Modules
Type 0 48V, 20A DC Single 80 Ah Offices
Type I 48V, 40A DC Dual 120 Ah 132kV Substation
Type II Dual 150 Ah Major 132kV

48V, 60A DC
Substation
48V, 100A Dual
Type III 300 Ah 275/500kV Substation
DC
48V, 300A Dual
Type IV 600 Ah NLDC & COIT
DC
Table 28 : New 48VDC System Capacity Guide
b. For existing 48VDC system, the battery capacity upgrading shall be

follow as Table 31.
Estimate Minimum
Compatibility with
Battery type total load Battery Capacity
Charger Type
station per system
Type 0 <10.0 A 80 Ah Type 0
Type I 10.1-20.0 A 120 Ah Type I
Type II 20.1 35.0 A 150 Ah Type I ,Type II
Type III 35.1 50.0 A 300 Ah Type II, Type III
Type IV >50 A 600 Ah Type IV
Table 29: Existing 48VDC System Capacity Guide
c. For each type a compact version can be used where the battery is
located inside the charger chassis. The compact version should only
be used when there are space constraints and there are no other
alternatives available.
12.4.4 Switch-fuse Isolator

a. Each battery bank shall be protected against faults with 250A isolating-
switch fuse.
b. Wall-mounted isolating switch-fuse shall be installed in close to the
batteries and shall be clearly labeled.
c. It is not required for compact types.
Page 91 of 101
12.4.5 Battery Rack
a. The battery shall be installed on suitable racks. The battery rack shall
be isolated from ground potential.
b. The compact type shall have an internal battery bank contained within
the charger rack.
c. For non-compact design, the battery rack shall have a minimum of 12
inch or 30 cm working clearance between the battery and the upper
tier rack.
d. For compact design, the rack shall have a minimum of 5 inch or 3U
working clearance between batteries and charger.
e. The rack shall provide ample air-circulation in the battery storage area
and is able to withstand heavy load of battery.
12.4.6 Color Code for Polarity and Cable

a. The positive (+) polarity terminal and the negative (-) polarity terminal
of each battery block shall be clearly marked.
b. Positive polarity shall be marked with red color.
c. Negative polarity shall be marked with blue color.
12.4.7 Terminal
The battery terminal and inter cell connectors shall be covered with
suitable insulation material to prevent accidental contact or short circuit.
12.4.8 Installation
a. The battery bank shall be installed in an air-conditioned room.
b. The battery shall be made accessible for easy maintenance, testing
and inspection.
c. The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) should be made available
during installation
12.4.9 Battery Cable

a. The battery cable size shall be more than four times the maximum
battery charging current.
b. Summary of different types of power cables used for TNB
telecommunication equipment is given in Table 32.
No of
No Type Voltage From To
cores
AC Distribution Equipment/
I AC cable 415V AC 4
Board Charger
AC Distribution Equipment/
2 AC cable 240V AC 3
Board Charger
3 DC Cable for equipment 48V DC Charger 48V Equipment 2
4 DC Cable for battery 48V DC Charger 48V Battery 2
Table 30 : Type of Power Cable
Page 92 of 101
12.4.10 Battery Bank Replacement
The calculated values of Discharge Test Ratio (DTR) and Standby Time
(ST) calculation will determine the course of Action to be taken for a
battery bank as shown in the Table 33 below:
DTR ST Status Action

1. Replace bank battery once
1 DTR < 8 Battery bank is
average conductance is equal
0.80 hours unhealthy but standby
or below 60%.
time is acceptable
2. Replaced battery bank to be
scrapped.
1. Replace battery bank
2 DTR < <8 Battery bank is
immediately.
0.80 hours unhealthy and standby
time is not
scrapped.
unacceptable
1. Continue battery bank
3 DTR 8 Battery bank is healthy
maintenance as per
0.80 hours and standby time is
maintenance schedule.
acceptable
1. Replace battery bank with
4 DTR <8 Battery bank is healthy
higher capacity battery.
0.80 hours but standby time is
unacceptable
relocated.
Table 31: Battery Bank Replacement Criteria
12.4.11 Discharge Test Ratio (DTR) Definition

This ratio is used to define the health of the battery. It is the ratio
calculated based on the actual discharge duration divided by 5 hours.
The recommended discharge current is based on battery datasheet
from the manufacturer. A ratio of less than 1 indicates that the current
battery bank is considered unhealthy since it is unable to achieve 5
hours discharge time. In other words the battery has discharged to
43.2V before 5 hours.
Discharge Test Ratio (DTR) = Actual Discharge Duration (hours) / 5 (Hrs)
= _________ (round up to two decimal point)
12.4.12 Standby Time (ST) Definition

Standby time is to determine the actual duration that a battery bank can
withstand based on current station load. DTR value should be included
into the calculation for ST. The objective is to ensure that the battery
backup time is sufficient to cater to the standby time requirement of 8
hours.
Standby Time (ST) = Battery Capacity (Ah) X DTR

Load Current per Charger (A) *
= _____________ hours (round up two decimal point)
* If there are two or more battery banks connected to a single charger, the load current
is equally divided by the number of battery banks connected.
Page 93 of 101
12.4.13 Battery Disposal
The disposal of VRLA batteries should comply to schedule wastes
criteria under Environmental Quality Act 1974
12.4.14 Battery Disposal

a. 48V DC/230V AC power supply inverter shall be used to supply
power to AC powered equipment such as modem, wireless bridge
and wireless access point in substation and offices which have 48V
DC supply.
b. The rated power shall be a minimum of :
Type Rated power

Type 1 700W
Type 2 1500W
Table 32: Power supply inverter type & rated power
c. The dimension should be able to fit within standard ICT 19inch rack
d. The output shall be Type G 3-pin socket
Page 94 of 101
Appendix A: Recommended Room Layout for
132kV and 275/500kV Substations
4.5m
Air Conditioning Unit Air Conditioning Unit
SDH /
Battery Network
Utility SDH
Equipment
132 kV Substation
Equipment
48V DC SDH /
Access
Charger Utility SDH
Equipment
4.5m
Equipment
48V DC Access
Charger ODP
Equipment
Battery Spare Spare
Air Conditioning Unit CAMS Box Air Conditioning Unit
132 kV Room Layout

Legend
Spare : Future Expansion
Access Equipment : Access Multiplexer and Teleprotection Equipment
SDH/Utility SDH : Transport Equipment
Network Equipment : Networking Equipment i.e. router, switch
CAMS Box : Communication Alarm Monitoring System (CAMS) equipment
ODP : Optical Distribution Panel
5.5m
Air Conditioning Unit Air Conditioning Unit
SDH /
Network
Utility SDH
Equipment
Equipment
Battery
275/500 kV Substation
Access Access
Equipment Equipment
48V DC
Charger
Access Network
Equipment Equipment
5.0m
48V DC
Charger SDH /
Utility SDH Spare ODP
Equipment
Battery
Spare Spare ODP
Air Conditioning Unit CAMS Box Air Conditioning Unit
275/500 kV Room Layout

Legend
Spare : Future Expansion
Access Equipment : Access Multiplexer and Teleprotection Equipment
SDH/Utility SDH : Transport Equipment
Network Equipment : Networking Equipment i.e. router, switch
CAMS Box : Communication Alarm Monitoring System (CAMS) equipment
ODP : Optical Distribution Panel
Page 95 of 101
Appendix B: Guideline for Optical Fiber Site
Acceptance Test
1. The following ways of testing and measuring are carried out to ensure:-
Optical fiber does not have any damage core.
Optical fiber has been spliced correctly.
Transmission loss should be lower than specified value.
2. Pre-installation Testing:
This typically consists of an OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) test performed
at 1550 nm.
All optical fiber cables must be bi-directionally OTDR-tested prior to shipment and the
test report attached to the reel.
Bi-directional testing is important to verify results and to make certain that no potential
problems were missed.
This test will verify the characteristics of the cable and check for any shipping damage.
TNBs personnel and the contractor must jointly conduct the tests in order to preclude
future difficulties should a cable be damaged during construction.
3. Post-installation Testing
Cable should be tested once it has been strung or placed in the conduit, and prior to
splicing to make sure that there has been no installation damage.
Installation testing is usually done with an OTDR.
4. Splice Loss Test
Visual Appearance Test of Spliced Fiber
It is done after each splice to ensure that a clean, low-loss connection was made.
For jointing work result, judge the quality of the splicing by using the monitor of
fusion splicing machine.
Take note on any abnormalities.
Splicing Loss Test
Measurement is made in both directions of the spliced work section and the
averaged value of these two measurements is recorded on a standard test sheet.
5. End to End Test
End to End Test of Fiber Optic Cable
The testing method is performed end-to-end using OTDR from both directions.
The results should be compared to the pre-installation test.
Measured result shall be recorded on a standard test sheet.
End to End Test of Terminal
Transmission loss is measured by light source and optical power meter.
Repeat above output measurement and input measurement until you can get the
same value without error.
It is highly recommended that an ongoing testing program be established after the
system is powered up.
Page 96 of 101
6. It is important that the personnel testing the fiber uses the same brand and model of test
equipment and the same testing profile. Use of different test equipment and profiles will
result in confusion and inconsistent test results.
7. TNB Telecommunication personnel in charge must be able to understand the test results
to verify that all specifications have been met.
8. A sample of Site Acceptance Test Form is depicted below:
FIBER OPTIC CABLE SITE ACCEPTANCE TEST FORM

LINK NAME:
CONTRACTOR FO CABLE NO OF CORES NO OF JOINTS DATE

TYPE
LIGHT SOURCE POWER WAVELENGTH

OPM MODEL OTDR LENGTH (KM)
AT METER AT (nm)
FORMULA
PLOSS (dB) = PIN (dBm) - POUT (dBm)
INPUT OUTPUT
TOTAL REMARKS
POWER POWER POWER LOSS 10 dB
CORE POWER (ACCEPTED/NOT
(PIN) (POUT) (dB) ATTENUATOR
LOSS (dB) ACCEPTED)
(dBm) (dBm)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
TNB REPRESENTATIVE CONTRACTOR REPRESENTATIVE
SIGN
NAME
DATE
Page 97 of 101
Appendix C: Template To Calculate Span
Equivalent Between Suspension Tower With
Yoke Plate Installation And Tension
Page 98 of 101
Appendix D: Optical Fiber & Cable
Characteristics and Power Budget Calculation
1. Optical Fiber Characteristics
Description TNBs Requirement

Fibre Type Single-mode , Silica / Silica Doped
Number of Fibres (core) 24/48*
Mode Field Diameter (8.6 m-9.5 m) 0.6 m at 1310 nm
0min 1300 nm
Chromatic Dispersion
0max 1324 nm
Coefficient
S0max 0.092 ps/nm2 km
Radius 30 mm
Macrobend Loss Number of turns 100
At 1625 nm 0.1 dB
Proof Stress > 0.69 GPa
Cable Cut-off Wavelength 1260 nm
Core Concentricity Error 0.6 m
Cladding Non-circularity 1.0%
Cladding Diameter 125 1 m
Coating Diameter 245 10 m**
* TNB Requirements (Non ITU-T G.652 C Recommendations)
** IEC 60793-2-50 (Optical fibres - Part 2-50: Product Specifications Sectional specification for
class B single-mode fibres)
2. Cable Characteristics
Description TNBs Requirement

0.40 dB/km at 1310 nm
Maximum Attenuation Coefficient
0.25 dB/km at 1550 nm*
0.35 dB/km at 1310 nm*
Average Attenuation Coefficient
0.23 dB/km at 1550 nm*
M 20 cables
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
Q 0.01 %
Coefficient
PMDQ 0.5 ps/ km
* TNB Requirements (Non ITU-T G.652 C Recommendations)
Page 99 of 101
3. Power Budget Calculation
The power budget calculation uses the following parameters:
a. Average attenuation at 1310 or 1550nm

b. 0.1dB splice loss per splice
c. 0.3 splice every Km
d. Repair splice every 10Km
e. Path penalty of 1 to 1.5dB
f. Connector Loss of 0.5dB per connector
g. Bit error rate of 1010 or better
h. Start of life values for laser sources and receivers
i. 6dB system margin
Page 100 of 101

Page 101 of 101

Telecommunication Guideline

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Telecommunication

1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards and guidelines

Table 1 : Itu-T Standard On Synchronization ........................................................................... 18

Figure 1: Synchronization Hierarchical Structure ..................................................................... 17

ABC Aerial Bundle Conductors EMI Electromagnetic Interference

European Telecommunication Standard

Digital Add Drop Multiplexer

ADSS All Dielectric Self Supporting GI Galvanized Iron

ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown GPS Global Positioning System

Communication Alarm Monitoring

CCTV Closed-circuit Television HDPE High Density Polyethylene

CD Current Differential HF High Frequency

Conference International des

COIT College of Information Technology HO High Order

CPE Customer Premise Equipment HV High Voltage

CVT Capacitive Voltage Transformer IB Integral Bearer

DC Direct Current IEC International Engineering Consortium

Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Internet Protocol Private Branch

DIU Data Interface Unit ITU International Telecommunication Union

Dense Wavelength Division LG Line Matching Unit

Digital Cross Connect Multiplexer LILO Loop In Loop Out

E&M Ear & Mouth LMU Line Matching Unit

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility LO Low Order

MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker RTU Remote Terminal Unit

MDF Main Distribution Frame SAS Substation Automation System

Supervisory Control and Data

MSP Multiplex Section Protection SCS Substation Control System

NLDC National Load Dispatch Centre SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

NMS Network Management System SEC Synchronous Equipment Clock

Substation Interrogation and Monitoring

OD Outside Diameter SMR Switch Mode Rectifier

ODP Optical Distribution Panel SNCP Sub Network Connection Protection

OLTE Optical Line Terminal Equipment SSM Synchronization Status Message

OPGW Optical Ground Wire SSU Synchronous Supply Unit

OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer STM Synchronous Transport Module

PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange STP Shielded Twisted Pair

PDH Pleasichronous Digital Hierarchy TPE Teleprotection Equipment

PLC Power Line Carrier TPS Telecommunication Protection Signaling

PMU Pencawang Masuk Utama UG Underground

PMUX Primary Multiplexer Equipment UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair

PPU Pencawang Pembahagian Utama VCAT Virtual Concatenation

PRC Primary Reference Clock VF Voice Frequency

PTW Permit To Work WAIS Wide Area Intelligent System

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride WAMS Wide Area Measurement System

1.1 Objective of Guidelines

1.2 Scope of Guidelines

1.4 Suggestions and Contributions

SSU SSU SSU SSU

LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL

Figure 1: Synchronization Hierarchical Structure

ITU-T G.781 Synchronization layer functions

ITU-T G.783 Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) equipment

ITU-T G.811 Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks

Table 1 : ITU-T Standard on Synchronization

2.3 General Guideline

LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL

Max. 20 Local Nodes

Max. 60 Local Nodes

Figure 2 : Synchronization Chain

SSU SDH SDH

Figure 3 : PCM Access Node Timing Source

Figure 4: Synchronization in Islanded SDH and PCM Nodes