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5
ANTIBITICOS NO CONVENCIONAIS
Prescrever:
Crianas menores de 6 anos: 10 gotas, trs
vezes ao dia;
Crianas com idade entre 6 e 12 anos: 20
gotas, trs vezes ao dia;
Adultos e crianas maiores de 12 anos: 30
gotas, trs vezes ao dia por 5 a 7 dias (ou por at
10 dias).
Figura 2.5 - Estrutura qumica do salicilato de
bismuto.
5.4 - SALICILATOS
Salicilato e compostos relacionados tais
como aspirina, tem uma grande variedade de 5.4.2.A - MECANISMO DE AO DO
efeitos em sistemas eucariontes, nos quais so SUBSALICILATO DE BISMUTO:
bem conhecidas suas propriedades
O mecanismo ainda no est bem
farmacolgicas: antitrmicas, anti-inflamatrias
esclarecido (Dodge & Wackett, 2005). Acredita-
e analgsicas. Salicilatos tambm tm efeitos
se que tanto o subsalicilato de bismuto como
queratolticos, bacteriostticos e fotoprotetores
seus metablitos intestinais (oxicloreto de
(Madan & Levitt, 2014). Do ponto de vista
bismuto e hidrxido de bismuto) tm ao
bacteriano, crescimento pode ser benfico ou
BACTERICIDA.
restrito. A presena de salicilatos, pode reduzir
a resistncia bacteriana a alguns antibiticos e
afetar o fator de virulncia de algumas bactrias 5.4.2.B- MECANISMO DE AO CONTRA
(Price & Gustafson, 2000). DIARREIA:
O mecanismo exato no foi determinado.
5.4.1 - ASPIRINA O subsalicilato de bismuto pode exercer ao anti-
diarreica no somente por estimular absoro de
Aspirina apresenta algum efeito fludo e eletrlitos pelo organismo, atravs da
antimicrobiano inibindo o crescimento de parede intestinal (ao anti-secretria), mas
Helicobacter pylori e suprimindo o efeito tambm quando hidrolisado cido saliclico inibe
mutagnico do metronidazol. E ainda demonstra a sntese de prostaglandinas responsveis pela
aumentar a suscetibilidade de H. pylori a inflamao intestinal e hipermotilidade. Alm
antimicrobianos (Wang et al., 2003). Alm disto, disto, o subsalicilato de bismuto pode se ligar s
foi descoberto que alm do efeito antibitico, toxinas produzidas pela Escherichia coli. A ao
aspirina tambm tem anti-fngico (Al-Bakri et bactericida do subsalicilato de bismuto ir matar
al., 2009). as bactrias patognicas e fazer prevalecer as
70 Ricardo de Souza Pereira
5.6 - IBUPROFENO
Ibuprofeno um frmaco com atividades
anti-inflamatrias, antipirticas e analgsicas.
Figura 3.5 - Estrutura qumica do subgalato de Alm disto, tem capacidade de inibir
bismuto crescimento bacteriano de Staphylococcus
aureus e Paracoccus yeei (Al-Janabi, 2010; Elvers
& Wright, 1995).
A atividade antibacteriana do ibuprofeno
afetada pelo pH, sendo mais efetiva em valores
abaixo de pH 7. de grande utilidade para uso
tpico no controle de infeces (Elvers & Wright,
1995). Lembrando que doena se manifesta com
Figura 4.5: Estrutura qumica do subnitrato de mais facilidade em meio cido (pH<7.0).
bismuto.
Antibiticos no convencionais 71
5.12.2 - PROMETAZINA E
5.11 - ALGINATO OUTROS FENOTIAZNICOS
O alginato de clcio e sdio com hidrogel PROMETAZINA - A prometazina
(Curatec ) tem efeito antimicrobiano podendo (Fenergan) pertence classe dos
ser usados para queimaduras de segundo grau e fenotiaznicos. Ela tem efeito antialrgico,
para feridas como lceras venosas, arteriais e antiemtico, antivertiginoso e antipsictico.
lcera de decbito (ou lcera de presso), Alm disto, apresenta atividade antimicrobiana
abrases e laceraes (Mehyar et al., 2007). significativa contra 124 linhagens de bactrias
O alginato de prata possui efeito aerbicas e 13 cepas de bactrias anaerbias
antimicrobiano de largo espectro contra vrios pertencentes a gneros Gram positivas e Gram
microorganismos oportunistas que podem negativas (Chakrabarty et al., 1989). Em outras
colonizar a ferida: Staphylococcus aureus (cepas palavras, um antibitico de largo espectro. Ela
sensveis a metilicina e cepas resistentes a tem sido reconhecida como um agente
meticilina), Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus faecalis, antiplasmdio eficaz em culturas contendo uma
Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas nica espcie de bactrias tais como Escherichia
aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus
sakazakii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia e Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Molnr et al.,
marcescens, Chryseobacterium indologenes, 2003). Os antibiticos no-convencionais podem
Proteus vulgaris e Acinetobacter baumannii ajudar os convencionais a melhorar a atividade
(Thomas et al., 2011). bactericida e/ou bacteriosttica. Por exemplo, a
Chuangsuwanich e colaboradores (2013) prometazina e outros fenotiaznicos tem sido
compararam sulfadiazina de prata e alginato de testados in vitro para melhorar a atividade da
prata para tratamento de lcera de presso (grau vancomicina contra Enterococcus faecalis
III e IV). Os curativos foram usados durante 8 resistente vancomicina (Rahbar et al., 2010).
(oito) semanas (2 meses). A vantagem do Alm disto, prometazina tem efeito contra tosse
alginato de prata a no necessidade de receita noturna em crianas com infeces das vias
mdica. Podendo ser usado para queimaduras, areas superiores (Bhattacharya et al., 2013).
lceras de presso e outros tipos de feridas
graves.
Antibiticos no convencionais 73
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