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How are the different Fourier

Series Coefficients related? Ccos(t+)=Acos(t)+Bsin(t)?


1 cos(2 0.1 t + 0.15)
1
Polar Form:
0
Trigonometric
Form: -1
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Even Component: 0.89 cos(2 0.1 t)
1
Equating: Trigonometric Form:
Polar Form:
0

-1
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Odd Component: -0.45 sin(2 0.1 t)
1

-1
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

Fourier Series Coefficients Related Fourier Series Coefficients Related

The different Fourier Series Polar Form Rectangular Form


Coefficients represent the

1
Finding the Fourier Series Coefficients

xp(t)
4
3
C0 = ?
2
1 C1=?, 1=?
0
-1
C2=?, 2=?
-2
-3
-40 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
C3=?, 3=?

Example: Find the Trigonometric and Exponential


Fourier Series Coefficients for:
Example: Find the Trigonometric and Exponential
Fourier Series Coefficients for:

Frequency f1: 2 f1 t = 8 t Frequency f1 = 4 = 2 f0 Frequency f2 = 10 = 5 f0


f1= _____ k=2 k=5

Frequency f2: 2 f2 t = 20 t
f2= ____

Fundamental Frequency f0 of the combined signal:


f0 = GCD{ f1 , f2 } = GCD{ 4 , 10 } = _____ Hz

Therefore the Fourier Series coefficients will go with cosines


at frequencies kf0 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, Hz
(k =1, 2, 3, 4, 5,)

2
Example: Find the Trigonometric and Exponential
Fourier Series Coefficients for: Integral of Sinusoid Over 1 Period
Frequency f1 = 4 = 2 f0 Frequency f2 = 10 = 5 f0
k=5 3
k=2
Signal Area = 0.0
2
T

Fourier Coefficients (by inspection): 0


k=0: a0 = 2 b0 = 0 c0 = 2 0 = 0 X[0]= 2
k=1: a1 = 0 b1 = 0 c1 = 0 1 = 0 X[1]= 0 X[-1]= 0 -1
k=2: a2 = 3 b2 = 0 c2 = 3 2 = 0 X[2]=1.5 X[-2]=1.5
k=3: a3 = 0 b3 = 0 c3 = 0 3 = 0 X[3]= 0 X[-3]= 0 -2
k=4: a4 = 0 b4 = 0 c4 = 0 4 = 0 X[4]= 0 X[-4]= 0
k=5: a5 = 0 b5 =-4 c5 = 4 5 =/2 X[5]= 2j X[-5]= -2j -3
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time - sec
=tan-1(-(-4)/0)

Finding 1st Fourier Series


Coefficient: c0 = a0 = x[0] Finding Fourier Series Coefficients
Start with the definition of the Fourier Series Sum (Polar Form):
Similarly, if we multiply together 2 sinusoids that
have individual frequencies that are multiples of
Integrate both sides over 1 period of the Fundamental Frequency f0 = 1/T
the same fundamental frequency

kn
Which is just the _______________of xp(t)
T = 1 / f0

3
Periodic Signal from Periodic Signal from
Product of 2 Diff. Harmonics Product of 2 Diff. Harmonics
1 1
0.8
0.6 0.8
0.4 T
0.2 0.6
0
-0.2 0.4
-0.4
-0.6 1f Signal Area = 0.0 0.2 1f Signal Area = 0.0
-0.8
2f Signal Area = 0.0 2f Signal Area = 0.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0
Time - sec
Product
X -0.2
Signal Area = 0.0
1 -0.4
0.8
0.6 -0.6
0.4
0.2 -0.8
0
-0.2 -1
-0.4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-0.6 Time - sec
-0.8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time - sec

1 Harmonic Signal
Finding Fourier Series Coefficients
Multiplied by Itself
1
Similarly, if we multiply together 2 sinusoids that 0.8

have individual frequencies that are multiples of 0.6

the same fundamental frequency 0.4


Each Individual
0.2 Signal Area = 0.0
then the area under the resulting product 0 Product
function (integral over integer multiples of the -0.2 Signal Area 0
fundamental period) again sums to zero 0. -0.4
-0.6
-0.8
T = 1 / f0 -1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Provided that k and n are different Time - sec
2 cosines @ different frequencies

4
Periodic Signal from
Finding Exponential Fourier Series
Product of 2 Same Harmonics Coefficients: x [ k ]

This concept also applies to complex


exponential forms of sinusiods,namely:

Finding Exponential Fourier Series Finding Exponential Fourier Series


Coefficients: x [ k ] Coefficients: ak, bk
Start with the definition of the Exponential Fourier Series Sum:
By a similar derivations, it can be shown that:

Multiply all terms by another complex exponential at a harmonic frequency,


And integrate both sides over 1 period of the Fundamental Frequency f0 = 1/T

0, except if k=n

So the sum leaves only 1 term @k=n

So that:
After a change of variables nk

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