VOCABULARY & CONCEPT REVIEW LIST

GEOL 1200 Spring 2017

J. Armour

Note: This is only a guide. I do not guarantee the inclusiveness of this list. Please study all your notes and
your required reading for the final exam. Remember, practice solving lots of problems!

Big Bang Nebula

Planetesimals
Formation of suns
Formation of earth
Differentiation
Density
Viscosity
Core (properties)
Mantle (properties)
Crust (types, properties)
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
5 earth systems
Convection
Tectonic Plates
Sources of Energy for the Planet
Origin of the Moon
Gemstone vs. Gem
Carat, color, clarity,
cut
Atom
Element
Atomic #
Molecule
Minerals
How minerals form
Quartz
Most common elements/minerals in crust
Physical properties of minerals
Crystal form
Rock cycle
Bowens reaction series
Igneous Rocks
Intrusive Rocks (types, examples, characteristics, and how they form)
Extrusive Rocks(types, examples, characteristics, and how they form)
Rock texture
Mafic Silicic
Differentiation
Partial melting
Assimilation and mixing
Igneous Bodies (types, characteristics, and how they form)
What is Geology who does it? Jobs?
Scientific Method - What are the steps?
Systems open vs. closed
Equilibrium
Feedbacks - Positive vs. Negative
Mineralogy
Atoms, elements, minerals, rocks
Symmetry, bonding
Characteristics
Color, hardness, luster, streak, etc
Primary Mineral groups
Polymorphs
Gems vs. gemstones
Precious vs. semi-precious
Rock cycle- where do molten rock, crystallization, igneous rocks, weathering, sediment, sedimentary
rocks, and metamorphic rocks fit in and how do they relate to one-another?
Igneous rocks Born from Fire
Intrusive vs. Extrusive crystal size
Mafic vs. Felsic iron and magnesium-rich vs. sodium and potassium-rich (remember table of 6
common examples from the notes)
Volcanism
Volcano types and locations viscosity
Hazards and prediction
Active vs. Dormant vs. Extinct
Metamorphism what is it? what happens to rocks because of it?
Sources of heat and pressure for rocks that are being metamorphosed
Different grades of metamorphic rock and how to tell the difference between them
Foliation What is it? What does it tell you about the rock?
Plate Tecontics:
What is the evidence for it?
What moves the plates?
Sea Floor Spreading
Plate Boundaries
Types, real world examples, & type of rocks associated with them.
Geologic Structures
Stress what is it? different types?
Strain evidence?
Types - Brittle, Ductile, Elastic Strain
Folds different types & what they tell you about stress
Faults different types & what they tell you about stress & how to recognize a fault
Joints
Orogens & Mountain Building, what causes it and how?
Earthquakes what are they, what causes them?
Parts of an earthquake
How to measure parts and size of an Earthquake
Seismic Waves different types and what they tell you about the inside of the earth
Seismic Hazard- what is it how do we know about it?
Surface water
Rivers, streams, lakes
Base level
Ultimate vs. local
Nickpoint migration
Stream gradient and longitudinal profiles
Stream discharge
Measurement, calculation, units
 Bedload, suspended load, dissolved load
Drainage basins, watershed, runoff
Sheetwash, rill development, drainage divides
Tributaries vs. trunk streams
Drainage patterns describe all 4 types
Ground water
Infiltration
Zone of aeration vs. water table
Ground water gradient
Aquifers: Confined vs. unconfined
Porosity vs. permeability
Artesian conditions: Springs and seeps
Pumping wells vs. flowing wells
Cone of depression, overpumping (groundwater mining)
Compaction, sinkholes
Weathering what is it; what does it do; what are some examples of weathering products
Physical weathering types and how they work
Chemical weathering types and how they work
Soil horizons what are they; what are their characteristics
Sediment what are the different types of sediment and how are they formed
Differences between weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition
What happens to sediment during transportation (rounding and sorting)
Depositional environments different ones, what are they, how do they influence the characteristics of
sediment
Lithification what is it; how does it happen
Sedimentary rocks their names, characteristics and the type of sediment that forms them
Sedimentary structures/bedding what are they, Different types and how they form and what they can tell
us
Detrital vs. Chemical define clastic
Maturity sorting, rounding, grain size, etc
Glacial Ice Glacial sensitivity to climate change mass balance
Transportation, erosion, and deposition
Ice cores records of climate change from atmospheric composition
Uniformitarianism
Age of objects vs. events/processes
Relative age dating principles superposition, horizontality, continuity, etc.
Cross-cutting relationships and how to interpret relative age of different rocks in an outcrop
Inclusions
Unconformities describe the 3 types
Relative versus Absolute (numeric) age
Isotopes what are they; what happens to radioactive ones, what is half-life
How does isotopic dating work?
How does 14C dating work?
What rocks are different types of numeric dating good for?
Earth History
Geologic timescale
How is it determined?
What are the primary time intervals and how are they determined?
Major events in Earth History
Mass Extinctions, etc
How do humans fit into the picture?