A Detailed Lesson Plan in English III

I. Learning Competencies
A. Arrive at the meaning of the words through context clues.
B. Point out cause and effect relationship used by the writer to underscore the theme of
the selection.
C. Extract and organize information from a written text using a diagram.

II. Subject Matter

Topic : Floods and Typhoons
Cause and Effect
References : English Expressways III p. 48
Functional English for Today III
Bridges to Better Communication III
PSSLC 7.2 Reading, 1.1.1 Listening, 3.2.2 Reading
Materials : MS PowerPoint, visual aids, chalkboard

III. Learning Task

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
A. Motivation
Class, watch this video. What can you say
about the video?
The video shows the cutting of trees
that can be resulted to environmental
destruction.
Very well said! What else?
It also shows a lot of garbage which
will cause floods.
Very good! How can you prevent floods and
landslide?
By not throwing garbage anywhere
and by planting more trees instead of cutting
it.
Very well said! I have here an adapted
selection about floods and typhoons. You are going
to read this. But before that let’s have first the
vocabulary enrichment.

B. Pre-Reading
Direction: The vocabulary words are written on the branches of the mango tree and the other
words is on the mango fruit. As a word used in a sentence your partner will attach the fruit to the
branch. Give the meaning of the following words through context clues.
 1. Floods are natural phenomena that usually appear during rainy season and affects
different parts of the world.
2. After a severe flood, thousands of people and animals are drowned.
3. Hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of farmlands are ruined as the crops.
4. Floods also cause massive destruction of the roads, bridges, railway lines, and water and
power supplies.
5. Sometimes in the early ‘90s, a tropical storm struck the island of Leyte in the Philippines
and caused the worst flood there in seven years.

C. Reading
Now, you are going to read the selection on
floods and typhoons and complete the diagrams that
follow. Make sure that you will read it with
understanding. Afterwards, I will ask some
questions regarding this. I will give you 3 minutes
to read.
Floods and Typhoons (adapted)
By: Jane Walker

Floods are natural phenomena that usually occur during rainy season and affect different
parts of the world. The worst of these have been caused by unpredictable weather.
Tropical storms, also called typhoons, hurricanes, or cyclones, whip up the winds over
the oceans. As a result, these waves, called storm surges, raised towards the shore and caused
floods.
After a severe flood, thousands of people and animals are drowned, and whole villages
are demolished. Hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of farmlands are ruined as the crops
and fertile soil are washed away and replaced by thick mud.
Floods also cause massive destruction of roads, and bridges, railway lines, and water and
power supplies. Rescue worker have difficulty in bringing food and medical supplies to many
people trapped by flood waters. Broken sewers and the lack of clean water can lead to the rapid
spread of diseases like cholera.
Sometime in the early ‘90s, a tropical storm struck the island of Leyte in the Philippines
and caused the worst floods there in seven years. As a result, 2,500 people died, thousands more
were reported missing and estimated 50,000 were left homeless.

D. Post Reading
Task 1
Complete the following diagrams.

Causes Effects

Thousands of people and animals are

drowned.

Floods

Answer:
Whole villages are demolished.
Hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of farmlands are ruined.
The crops and fertile soils are washed away.
 Broken
Sewer

Answer:
lack of clean water
spread of diseases
More than 2,500 people die.

Tropical
storm

Answer:
thousands more were reported missing
estimated 50,000 were left missing

Task 2
What happens to people and animals after a
flood?
Thousands of people and animals are
drowned.
Correct! What happens to farmlands?

Hundreds of thousands of
square kilometers of farmlands are ruined.
Very good! How about the crops and fertile
soil?
The crops and fertile soil are washed
away and replaced with thick mud.
Good answer! Why do relief workers have
difficulty bringing food supplies?
Relief workers have difficulty
bringing food supplies because of massive
destruction of roads, bridges and railway
lines.
Very well said! What do diseases spread?
Diseases spread because of broken
sewer and lack of clean water.

E. Discussion
What will happen if the floods occur?
People and animals will drown etc.
Very good! That is the effect or the result.
Why will people and animals drown?
Because the floods occur.
Correct! And that is the cause. Class, will
you please read these?
Cause and effect arrangement helps
you make connections between a result and
the events preceding it.
 A cause is something that brings
about a result.
An effect is the result of a cause.
Nice voice! Would you please read the
example?
Example:
Cause – because you keep your
promise.
Effect – people will trust you.
Good! Can you give your own example?
Cause – because of severe flooding.
Effect – thousands of people and
animals are drowned.
Very good! Cause and effect support can
move in either direction. You can begin with cause
and lead to an effect, or several effects, or you can
begin with an effect and show its cause or causes.
To make this relationship clear, use words such as
cause, reason, effect, result, because, so that,
since, consequently, therefore.

Let’s have some activities.

F. Enrichment Activity

Activity 1
I have here strips of paper where five of these strips are causes and other strips are
effects. From these strips, form a sentence that shows cause and effect relationship.

Fires often occur in summer Children fly kites in summer

because everything is hot and dry because summer winds are strong
The Philippines is a hot country Most Syria is dry and semi-desert
because of its location near the equator so it has little agriculture
Insects sprays and ways matter have polluted the environment
so many birds and animals are dying

Answer:
1. Fires often occur in summer because everything is hot and dry.
2. The Philippines is a hot country because of its location near the equator.
3. Most Syria is dry and semi-desert so it has little agriculture
4. Children fly kites in summer because summer winds are strong.
5. Insects’ sprays and waste matter have polluted the environment so many birds and
animals are dying.

Activity 2
Listen to the song entitled “Because of You” by: Kelly Clarkson. Identify the situation in
the song. Afterwards identify the cause and effect and write your answer on a short bond paper.

Activity 3
Now, you are going to act every command
that I will give you. Are you ready?
Yes ma’am!
Okay, please stand up. Rub your hands
together?
(The students will do the task.)
What is the effect?
Our hands became warm.
 What is the cause?
Because we rub our hands together.
Turn around five times.
(The students will do the task.)
How do you feel?
We feel dizzy.
What causes such feelings?
Because we turn around.
This time let us dance to the tune of
“Nobody”. (after dancing). How do you feel?
I feel tired.
What is the cause?
Because we danced.
G. Generalization
Now, can you differentiate cause and effect?
A cause is something that brings
about a result while an effect is the result of
a cause.
Very well said! Can you give an example of
a cause?
Tropical storm struck the island of
Leyte in the Philippines.
Very good! How about an example of an
effect?
As a result, over 2,500 people died.

IV. Evaluation
Let’s have another group activity. I will
group you into 3 groups. Please count 1 – 3 and
proceed to your respective groups. You are going to
draw a situation having cause and effect
relationship.
Draw it on a piece of cartolina.
Your work will be graded based on the
following Criteria:

Neatness-------------------------------30%
Creativity------------------------------40%
Uniqueness----------------------------30%
Total-------------------------100%

V. Agreement
Construct 10 sentences having cause and
effect relationship. Underline the cause and
encircle the effect.