Structural Design Calculation

ACI318M-11 CODE REQUIREMENTS

FOR BEAMS UNDER COMBINED SHEAR
AND TORSION

Published by:

E.G. Navarro
CE - Mindanao University of Science and Technology
April 3, 2014
 Structural Design Calculation

TYPES OF TORSION
1. EQUILIBRIUM TORSION - The torsional moment cannot be reduced by redistribution of internal
forces . This is referred to as equilibrium torsion, since the torsional
moment is required in the structure to be in equilbrium.( ACI 11.5.2.1)

sample of beam subject to equilibrium torsion

 Structural Design Calculation

2. COMPATIBLE TORSION - The torsional moment can be reduced by redistribution of internal

forces after cracking If the torsion arises from the member
twisting to maintain compatibilty of deformation. This torsion
is referred to as compatible torsion. ( ACI 11.5.2.2)

sample of beam subject to compatible torsion

 Structural Design Calculation

TORSION CAN BE NEGLECTED IF IT WILL COMPLY SECTION 11.5.1 OF THE CODE

If Tu is lesser than the

> threshold torsion then
it can be neglected
because it will not
have significant effect
on the structure.
Structural Design Calculation

> Tu reduction is not

allowed for member
subject to equilibrium
torsion.

> Tu reduction is
allowed for member
subject to compatible
torsion because of
redistribution.
Tu is permitted to be
reduced equal to

for nonpressed
members.
Structural Design Calculation

> Check for cross section

adequacy due to
combined shear
and torsion.
 Structural Design Calculation

TORSIONAL REINFORCEMENT SHOULD BE ACCOUNTED IF IT DOES NOT COMPLY SECTION 11.5.1

(THE TORSIONAL MOMENT IS GREATER THAN THE THRESHOLD TORQUE)
TORSIONAL REINFORCEMENT SHOULD BE COMPUTED AS STATED BELOW.
 Structural Design Calculation

SAMPLE CALCULATION:
1. A 250mmX600mm BEAM IS SUBJECTED TO A TORSIONAL MOMENT (Tua) = 20 KN.m
SHEAR (Vu)=168 KN AND BENDING MOMENT(Mu) = 120 KN.m. CHECK IF THE SECTION
IS ENOUGH CARRY SUCH LOADAND HOW MUCH REINFORCEMENT IS NEEDED.

xo

Tua = 20.0 kN.m

Vu = 168.0 kN
Mu = 120.0 kN.m

H d
yO

Cc

PARAMETERS:

fc' = 27.5 MPa (cylinder compressive strength of concrete)

fy = 414.0 MPa (yield strength of reinforcement)
= 0.75 (strength reduction factor for shear in concrete)
H= 600.0 mm (total height of the beam)
B= 250.0 mm (total width of the beam)
d= 550.0 mm (effective depth of the beam)
Cc = 35.0 mm (concrete cover to center of stirrups)
xo = bw-(2xCc) = 180.0 mm (center to center length of stirrups in x-direction)
yo = H-(2xCc) = 530.0 mm (center to center length of stirrups in y-direction)

Acp = bw x H = 150000.0 mm (area enclosed by outside perimeter )

Pcp = (2xbw)+( 2xH) = 1700.0 mm (outside perimeter of concrete section)
Aoh = xo X yo = 95400.0 mm (area enclosed by transverse reinforcement )
Pn = 2 x (xo + yo) = 1420.0 mm (perimeter of transverse reinforcement )
 Structural Design Calculation

1.Check for type of torsion :

Type of torsion = Equilibrium torsion

Therefore: Tu = Tua = 20.0 kN.m (ACI 11.5.2.1)

2.Check for design torsion(Tu) versus threshold torsion(Ts) :

Ts = Tcr/4 Ts is one quarter of cracking torque

(ACI 11.5.1)

Tcr = (0.75)(0.33)(27.5)((150,000.0)^2/(1,700.0))
Tcr = 17.18 KN.m

Ts = 4.29 KN.m < 20.0 kN.m

torsional reinforcement required!

3.Check for beam size adequacy :

where: Vc = 91.9 KN

(ACI 11.5.3.1)

2.21 N/mm 3.10 N/mm OK!

4.Required area of transvered torsional reinforcement (At/s) :

At/s = Tn / 2 Ao fy cot q
At/s = (20.00)/(0.75)(2)(81,090)(414)cot45 (ACI 11.5.3.6)
At/s = 0.40 mm/mm

where:
q= 45
Ao = 0.85 Aoh = 81090 mm
Tn = Tu = 20.0 kN.m
cot 45 = 1
 Structural Design Calculation

5.Required area of transvered shear reinforcement (Av/s) :

Vc = 1/6 fc' bw d
Vc = (0.75)(0.17)(27.5)(250.0)(550.0)
Vc = 91.9 KN

Vu = 168.0 kN

Vs = ( Vu - Vc ) /
Vs = (168.0-91.9)/ 0.75
Vs = 101.4 KN

Av/s = Vs / d fy
Av/s = 101.4 / 550.0x414.0
Av/s = 0.45 mm/mm

6.Total required stirrups due to combined shear and torsion:

(ACI 11.5.3.8)

Total ( Av + t/s)= 0.45+(2x0.40)

Total ( Av + t/s)= 1.24 mm/mm

Using T10 @ 100mm c/c 2 LEGS

As,provided = 1.57 mm/mm

As provided is greater than As required - SAFE!

7.Required area of longitudinal torsion reinforcement (AL ) :

(ACI 11.5.3.7)

AL = (0.40)(1,420.00)(414.0/414.0) cot 45 = 1
AL = 563.97 mm
 Structural Design Calculation

(ACI 11.5.5.3)

ALmin = (0.42)(27.5)(150,000.0)/(414.0)-(0.40)(1,420.00)(414.0/414.0)
ALmin = 234.03 mm

Required longitudinal torsion reinforcement = 563.97 mm

8.Required area of longitudinal bending reinforcement (As) :

Mu = 120.0 KN.m

Rn= Mu x 106 = 0.9 (for flexure)

2
.b.d
b= 250.0 mm, d= 550.0 mm,

Rn= 120.00 x 10
0.9 x 250 x 550
Rn= 1.76

2.
1 1
= 0.85. 0.85.

= 0.85(28MPa/414MPa)(1-(1-((2)(1.76)/((0.85)(28MPa)))

= 0.00443

As,req = req x b x d = 0.00443 x 250.00 x 550.00 = 609.49 mm

9.Total required area of longitudinal reinforcement (AL +As) :

Total required longitudinal reinf. = AL+ A s

Total required longitudinal reinf. = 563.97+609.49

Total required longitudinal reinf. = 1173.47 mm

Using 2 T 16 TOP REINFORCEMENT

2 T 20 BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
2 T 12 SIDE BARS

Total reinf. provided

As,provided = 1256.64 mm

As provided is greater than As required - SAFE!