UMTS Mobiles

UMTS Mobiles

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Contents and Session Aims

This session aims to explore the
functionality of the UE and the
UE Service States processes that it directs
Idle Mode Processes ! UE States and Idle Mode
Processes
UE Measurements ! UE measurements
UTRAN Measurements ! Mobile Trends

Phones of the Future

Mobile Trends

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UE Power Classes and Modes

Power Class Maximum output power Maximum output power
TDD FDD

1 [+33] dBm +33 dBm

2 [+27] dBm +27 dBm

3 [+24] dBm +24 dBm

4 [+21] dBm +21 dBm

5 [+10] dBm

6 [ 0 ] dBm

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User Equipment Service States

The UE operates in one of three basic
states Detached
! Detached
"Not registered to the network
! Idle
CS-Connected PS-Connected
"Registered to the network and
performing both LA and RA updates
! Connected
"CS-Connected
Does not perform LA updates
CS Signalling/Traffic Link
Established
Idle
"PS-Connected
PS Signalling/Traffic Link
Established
RA updates for boundary crossings

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Idle Mode
Idle mode is when the UE has:
! Selected a PLMN
! Selected a cell
! Carried out Location Registration
Once in Idle mode the UE continually reassess its serving cell
! Monitoring the serving cells and neighbouring cells radio performance
" The UE should be served by the most reliable cell
! Monitoring signalling information
" P-CCPCH for cell and system parameters which could provoke cell reselection
" S-CCPCH for paging or notification resulting in connection establishment

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Synchronisation
In order to select a PLMN or cell the UE must first be
synchronised to the network
As we discussed earlier the procedure for this is:
! Derive timing from P-SCH
! Derive scrambling code group from S-SCH
! Derive scrambling code from CPICH
Once the UE has this information it can then decode the P-
CCPCH since it already knows it s rate and channelisation
code which are fixed

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Cell Selection
There are two possibilities for cell selection procedures:
! Initial Cell Selection
" The UE has no knowledge of which radio channels the PLMN is using.
" The UE scans all channels within the UMTS band
" Once a carrier belonging to the required PLMN is found the UE will begin
cell selection
! Stored Information Cell Selection
" The UE has previously stored information on the carrier frequencies of the
required PLMN

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Cell Selection Criteria

Cell Selection is based upon S where
! S = Qmeas - Qmin - Pcompensation
" Q meas is the Signal to Interference Ratio for the candidate cell
" Qmin is the minimum required SIR
" Pcompensation is a correction value for different power classes of mobile
! If S>0 then the cell is a valid candidate
! The UE will camp on the cell with the highest S

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Cell Reselection
The causes for cell reselection are:
! A better cell has been found
! S has fallen below 0
! Communication with the serving cell has failed
! The serving cell has become barred or forbidden

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Cell Reselection Criteria

Cell Reselection is based upon R where:
! Rs = Qmaps + Qhysts
! Rn = Qmapn - Qoffset - TOn.(1-Ln)
" Rs is the rank for the serving cell
" Rn is the rank for a neighbouring cell
" Qmaps is the quality measurement from the serving cell
" Qmapn is the quality measurement from a neighbouring cell
" Qhysts and Qoffset are broadcast by the serving cell and used to control the traffic
distribution in the system
" TOn is a temporary offset present until a timer expiry to prevent short term
reselection
" Ln determines whether TOn is used
The cell with the highest ranking is selected
If this is a neighbour cell this is only occurs if this status is maintained for a
period in time

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Immediate Cell Evaluation

Just prior to a RACH the UE will perform a search to ensure
that it is using the correct cell
Cell reselection occurs if
! Sn > 0
! Qmapn > Qmaps + Qoffset

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Measurements at the UE
UTRA carrier RSSI
! Received Signal Strength Indicator, wideband received power within the channel bandwidth
CPICH RSCP
! CPICH Received Signal Code Power, received power on CPICH after despreading
CPICH Ec/No
! CPICH Energy/chip to Noise power spectral density,
" (CPICH Ec/No) = (CPICH RSCP) / RSSI
CPICH ISCP
! CPICH Interference on Signal Code Power, interference on received signal after
despreading
CPICH SIR
! CPICH Signal to Interference Ratio,
" (CPICH SIR) = (CPICH RSCP) / (CPICH ISCP)

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Measurements at the UE
SIR
! Signal to Interference Ratio,
" SIR = (DPCCH RSCP) / (DPCCH ISCP)

Transport channel BLER

! Estimation of transport channel block error rate
UE transmitted power
! Total transmitted power of the UE measured at the antenna
connector/indication of TX power reaching threshold

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Measurements at the UTRAN

Transport channel BLER
! Estimation of transport channel block error rate
Physical channel BER
! Physical channel BER measured on control part after RL combining
Transport channel BER
! Transport channel BER measured on data part after RL combining

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Measurements at the UTRAN

RSSI
! Received Signal Strength Indicator, the wideband received power within
the UL channel
Transmitted carrier power
! The transmitter carrier power is the ratio between the total transmitted
power on one DL carrier and the maximum power to use on that carrier
Transmitted code power
! The transmitted power on one carrier, scrambling and channelisation
code combination

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Some UMTS Options

Information
Manager

384 kbits/s data

Phone

3G
Voice + low data Core

PC Card

2 Mbits/s data

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Phone of the Future: DoCoMo

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Phone of the Future: Ericsson

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Phone of the future: Panasonic

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Phone of Today: Nokia

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Phone of Today: Ubinetics

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Handheld Products: Small Runs...

1998 figures:
! 3 m total PDA sales (US)
! 62 models in the marketplace!
! Average product lifetime ~1 year
A successful GSM phone model might sell 10 m
! Quite a difference in volume
" Which model will UMTS follow???

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PA Technology Predictions
Vast range of products by 2005, changing fast
! Some will be palmtops, most will not
! Diverse range of services, using GSM, GPRS, UMTS, fixed line or a
combination
! UMTS needs to accommodate the take up of services which are starting
now over 2G and 2.5G technologies
Most of the UK may never have UMTS coverage
! UMTS is just another modem
" Should be product independent
" Must be cheap for consumer products
! GSM/GPRS multi-mode is vital

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Terminal Types

Source: UMTS Forum

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Parts Cost: 3G PDA

Sundry ! UMTS Inside becomes a small part of
$ 300.00 product parts cost, compared with eg
Keypad
LCD screen " B&W LCD screen (~ $80)
$ 250.00 WinCE license " WinCE CPU (eg MIPS, ARM ($5 - 15)
CPU
$ 200.00 " Pentium II ($500)
8 Mbyte ROM Other
8 Mbyte RAM
Items
$ 150.00 Baseband
RF
$ 100.00

$ 50.00 UMTS
Inside
$ 0.00
GSM UTRA UTRA PDA

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Questions
What does the UE do before making a random access attempt?
What are the four UE Service States?
What are the major components of cost for a PDA style mobile?

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Session Summary
In this session we have investigated some of the UE processes
an the future evolution of mobiles
In the final session we shall look at some of the services that
can be carried by the UE in UMTS

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