STD.BS! BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 . . 1624669 0637810 757 . .

BRITISH STANDARD BSEN

1562: 1997

Founding-
Malleable cast irons

iiiii
!!!!!!

*
(/)

The European Standard EN 1562 : 1997 has the status of a

British Standard

!CS 77.140.80

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 STD-BS! BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 . . 1624669 0637811 693 . .
BS EN 1562 : 1997

National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1562 : 1997. It
supersedes BS 6681: 1986.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Conunittee
ISE/35, Cast iron, which has the responsibility to:

- aid enquirers to understand the text;

- present to the responsible European conunittee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
- monioor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK

A list of organizations represented on this conunittee can be obtained on request to

its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred t;o in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled 'International Standards Correspondence Index', or by using the
'Find' facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering Amd. No. Date Text affected
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of tl,e
Standards Board and comes into
effect on 15 September 1997

BSI 1997

ISBN 0 580 28388 7

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 STD.BSI BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 . . 1624669 0637812 52T . .

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1562

NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROPAisCHE NORM June 1997

JCS 77.140.80

Descriptors: Foundry engineering, cast iron, castings, malleable cast iron, designation, classifications, mechanical properties,
tensile strength, elongation, hardness, sampling, mechanical tests

English version

Founding - Malleable cast irons

Fonderie - Font,e malleable Gie:Bereiwesen - TemperguB

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-0EHJ2. CEN members are
bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Int.emal Regulations which stipulate the
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
iiiiiiiiii without any alteration.
!!!!!!
iiiiiiiiii
iiiiiiiiii Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
===
iiiiiiiiii may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
!!!!!!
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
*
ti.I
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
* same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
Unit.ed Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite Europeen de Normalisation
Europfilsches Komitee fur Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

1997 CEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means .-eserved worldwide for CEN national
Members

Ref. No. EN 1562 : 1997 E

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 STD.BS! BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 . . 1624669 0637813 466 . .

Page 2
EN 1562 : 1997

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
Technical Corrunittee CEN!fC 190, Foundry technology,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Foreword 2
This European Standard shall be given the status of a Introduction 3
national standard, either by publication of an identical 1 Scope 3
text or by endorsement, at the latest by 2 Normative references 3
December 1997, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by December 1997. 3 Definitions 3
Within its programme of work, Technical Corrunittee 3.1 whiteheart malleable (decarburized)
CEN!TC 190 requested CEN!fC 190/WG 2.20, Malleable cast iron 3
cast iron, to prepare the following standard: 3.2 blackheart malleable
(non-decarburized) cast iron 3
EN 1562 Founding - Malleable cast irons
3.3 primary graphite 3
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, 4 Designation 3
the national standards organizations of the following 5 Order information 4
countries are bound to implement this European
Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, 6 Manufacture 4
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, 7 Requirements 4
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, 7.1 Mechanical properties of whiteheart
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. malleable cast iron 4
7.2 Mechanical properties of blackheart
malleable cast iron 5
8 Sampling 5
8.1 General 5
8.2 Number of test pieces 5
8.3 Size of test pieces 6
8.4 Other conditions 6
9 Test methods 6
9.1 Tensile test 6
9.2 0,2 % proof stress 6
9.3 Brinell hardness 6
10 Retests 6
Annexes
A (normative) Determination of 0,2 %
proof stress 7
B (normative) Brinell hardness 7
C (normative) Impact resistance and
ductility, especially at low temperatures 7
D (informative) Bibliography 7

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 STD.BSI BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 . . 1624669 0637814 3T2 . .
Introduction
This European Standard deals with the classification of
malleable cast irons. Malleable cast irons covered by
this standard are classified into two groups. The first
group is concerned with decarburized irons referred to
as whiteheart malleable cast iron. The second group is
non-decarburized irons referred to as blackheart
malleable cast iron. Both groups, except completely
decarburized whiteheart malleable cast iron, contain
free carbon as graphite, called temper carbon. Both
groups have grades with structures that can range from
ferrite to pearlite and/or other transformation products
of austenite.
Materials are designated in terms of tensile strength
and percentage elongation relative to a 12 mm diameter
test piece for whiteheart malleable cast iron and 12 mm
or 15 mm diameter test pieces for blackheart malleable
cast iron. However, comparative values of tensile
strength and percentage elongation after fracture are
given for other test piece diameters.
Castings having small wall thicknesses form a
significant sector of the market. In order to represent
their mechanical properties in this material standard,
values for these properties, based on 6 mm diameter
test pieces, have been included
Annex A gives the requirements for the determination
of 0,2 % proof stress.
Annex B gives testing methods for the determination of
*
{/)
Brinell hardness (HB) of malleable cast iron.
* Annex C gives further information on impact resistance
and ductility, especially at low temperatures, and
recommends restricting the phosphorus content as an
aid to improving impact resistance and ductility of the
cast material.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for
malleable cast iron used in the manufacture of
castings.
This standard specifies two groups of material, namely
whiteheart malleable cast iron and blackheart
malleable cast iron. Each group is represented by
several grades of material.
Classification is given on the basis of mechanical
properties determined on separately cast test pieces.
This standard specifies 0,2 % proof stress values
determined only when these values are requested by
the purchaser.
This standard specifies Brinell hardness values
determined only when these values are requested by
the purchaser.
This standard does not cover technical delivery
conditions for malleable iron castings. Reference
should be made to EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3
This standard does not cover chemical composition,
except phosphorus (see annex C).
BS! 1997
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Page 3
EN 1562 : 1997
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the
appropriate places in the text and the publications are
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this European Standard only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For
undated references, the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies.
EN 1559-1 Founding- Technical conditwns of
delivery - Part 1: General
EN 1559-3 Founding - Techn'ical conditwns of
delivery - Part 3: Additiarwl
re,quirements for iron castings
EN 10002-1 Metallic materiai_s - Tensile
testing - Part 1: Metlwd of test
(at ambient temperature)
EN 10003-1 Metallic materiai_s - Brinell hardness
test- Part 1: Test metlwd
NOTE. Informative references to documents used in the
preparation of this standard, and cited at the appropriate places in
the text, are listed in a bibliography: see annex D.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following
definitions apply.
3.1 whiteheart malleable ( decarburized) cast
iron
Cast iron which is cast white and then given a heat
treatment in a decarburizing atmosphere to produce a
material which is partially or entirely decarburized.
Any remaining graphite is in the form of temper
carbon.
3.2 blackheart malleable (non-decarburized)
cast iron
Cast iron which is cast white and then given a
non-decarburizing heat treatment, and which contains
graphite, all of which is in the form of temper carbon.
NOTE to 3.1 and 3.2. To produce structures such as ferrite,
pearlite or other transformation products of austenite, both groups
depend upon either the malleablizing heat treatment, the
subsequent additional heat treatment and/or additions of alloying
elements.
3.3 primary graphite
Graphite which occurs in a flake form.
NOTE. Primary graphite is more correctly referred to as eutectic
graphite.
4 Designation
The material shall be designated either by s rnbol or0
by nwnber, as given in either table 1 or table 2.
 STD-BS! BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 . . 1624669 0637815 239 . .
Page 4
EN 1562 : 1997

5 Order information 7 Requirements

The following information shall be supplied by the
purchaser:
a) the number of this European Standard (EN 1562);
b) the designation of the material;
c) any special requirements which have t;o be agreed
at the time of acceptance of the order (see
EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3).
6 Manufacture
The method of manufacture of malleable cast iron, as
well as its chemical composition and heat treatment,
shall be left t,o the discretion of the manufacturer, who
shall ensure compliance with the property
requirements given in this standard for the material
ordered.
NOTE. For malleable cast iron materials to be used in special
applications, the chemical composition and any special heat
treatment may be the subject of an agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the
order.
7.1 Mechanical properties of whiteheart
malleable cast iron
7.1.1 Tensile strength and elongation
When tested in accordance with clause 9, the values of
tensile strength and percentage elongation after
fracture (hereafter referred to as elongation) shall be in
accordance with the requirements specified in table 1.
7.1.2 0,2 % proof stress
When requested by the purchaser and agreed at the
time of acceptance of the order, 0,2 % proof stress shall
be determined in accordance with the requirements of
annex A and the 0,2 % proof stress values shall be in
accordance with the requirements specified in table 1.
7.1.3 Brinell hardness
When requested by the purchaser and agreed at the
time of acceptance of the order, Brinell hardness
values shall be determined The method of testing and
sampling shall be agreed in accordance with one of the
methods specified in annex B.

Table I. Mechanical properties of whiteheart malleable cast irons

Material designation Nominal Tensile Elongation 0,2% proof Brinell
diameter of strength stress hardness
test piece (for
information
only)
d Rm Aa,4 Rvo,2
mm N/mrn2 % N/mm2 HB
Symbol Number minimum minimum minimum maximum
6 270 10 _1)
9 310 5 -
EN-GJMW-350-4 EN-JM IO IO 12 350 4 - 230
15 360 3 -

6 280 16 _l)

9 320 15 170
EN-GJMW-360-122) EN-JMI02o2) 12 360 12 190 200
15 370 7 200
6 300 12 _l)
9 360 8 200
EN-GJMW-400-5 EN..JM1030 12 400 5 220 220
15 420 4 230
6 330 12 _1)
9 400 10 230
EN-GJMW-4507 EN-JM1040 12 450 7 260 220
15 480 4 280
6 - - _1)
9 490 5 310
EN-GJMW-550-4 EN-JM1050 12 550 4 340 250
15 570 3 350
I) Because of the difficulty in determining the proof stress of small test pieces, the values and the method of measurement shall be
agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order.
2l Material most suitable for welding.

NOTE l. 1 N/rnm2 is equivalent to 1 MPa.

NOTE 2. The material designation is in accordance with EN 1560.
NOTE 3. The figures given in bold indicate the minimum tensile strength and minimum elongation A 3,4 to which the symbol of tl1e
grade is related, and the preferred nominal diameter of the test piece and the corresponding minimum 0,2 % proof stress.

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Page 5
EN 1562 : 1997

7.1.4 Impact resistance and ductllity 8 Sampling

In order to optimize impact resistance and ductility, the
8.1 General
maximum phosphorus content in the malleable iron
shall be as indicated in annex C. Test pieces shall be provided to represent the castings
produced and shall be heat-treated in accordance with
7.2 Mechanical properties of blackheart the in-house quality assurance procedures of the
malleable cast iron manufacturer.
7.2.1 Thnsile strength and elongation All test pieces shall be separately cast
When tested in accordance with clause 9, the tensile Test pieces shall be made from the metal used to
strength and elongation shall be in accordance with produce the castings that they represent and shall be
the requirements specified in table 2. separately cast in sand moulds during the same period
as when the castings are made.
7.2.2 0,2 % proof stress
In all cases the test pieces shall be heat-treated by the
When requested by the purchaser and agreed at the same process as the castings that they represent
time of acceptance of the order, 0,2 % proof stress shall
be detennined in accordance with the requirements of 8.2 Number of test pieces
annex A and the 0,2 % proof stress values shall be in The number of test pieces shall be determined by the
accordance with the requirements specified in table 2. manufacturer in accordance with the tonnage and
7.2.3 Brinell hardness types of casting to be produced and the requirement of
the purchaser (see 5c).
When requested by the purchaser and agreed at the
time of acceptance of the order, Brinell hardness Additional test pieces shall be available in the event of
values shall be determined The method of testing and retests being required (see clause 10).
sampling shall be agreed in accordance with one of the
methods specified in annex B.
7.2.4 Impact resistance and ductility
In order to optimize impact resistance and ductility, the
maximum phosphorus content in the malleable iron
,. shall be as indicated in annex C.
,.
t:J)

Thble 2 Mechanical properties of blackheart malleable cast irons

Material designation Nominal Tensile Elongation 0,2% Brin ell
diameter of strength proof hardness
test piece 1l stress (for information
only)
d Rm A3,4 llpo,2
nun N/mm2 % N/mm2 HB
Symbol Number minimum minimum minimum

EN-GJMB-300-62) EN- JM11la2) 12 or 15 300 6 - 150 maximum

EN-GJMB-350-10 EN-JM1130 12 or 15 350 10 200 150 maximum
EN-GJMB-450-6 EN-JM1140 12 or 15 4fi0 6 270 150 to 200
EN-GJMB-500-5 EN-JM1150 12 or 15 500 5 300 165 to 215
EN-GJMB-550-4 EN-JM1160 12 or 15 550 4 340 180 to 230
EN-GJMB-600-3 EN-JM1170 12 or 15 600 3 390 195 to 245
EN-GJMB-650-2 EN-JM1180 12 or 15 650 2 430 210 to 260
EN-GJMB-700-2 EN-JM1190 12 or 15 700 2 530 240 to 290
EN-GJMB-800-1 EN.JM1200 12 or 15 800 1 600 270 to 320
I) Where a 6 mm diameter test piece is representative of the relevant wall thickness of a casting, this size of the test piece may be
used by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. The minimum properties given
in this table shall apply.
Z)Material intended particularly for applications in which pressure tightness is more important than a high degree of strength and
ductility.
NOTE 1. 1 N/mm2 is equivalent to l MPa.
NOTE 2. The material designation is in accordance with EN 1560.
NOTE 3. The figures given in bold are related to the minimum tensile strength and minimum elongation A 3 4 of the grade.

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Page 6
EN 1562 : 1997

8.3 Size of test pieces 9.2 0,2 % proof stress

The test pieces shall be in accordance with the shape
and dimensions given in figure 1 and table 3 and shall
be unmachined.
NOTE. It is permissible for the dimensions of the shanks to be
modified to suit the holding fixtures of the testing machine and
for the joint line of the test piece to be fettled.
The 0,2 % proof stress shall be detennined only if
requested by the purchaser and agreed at the time of
acceptance of the order. In this case, the test shall be
carried out in accordance with annex A
9.3 Brinell hardness
The Brinell hardness shall be determined only if
requested by the purchaser and agreed at the time of
acceptance of the order. In this case, the test shall be
carried out in accordance with annex B.

Figure 1. Tensile test piece
The diameter d is obtained from the average of two
measurements taken in the same plane at right angles
to each other. The two values shall not differ by more
than0,7mm.
The diameter d of the test piece shall not vary along
the parallel length by more than 0,35 mm.
8.4 Other conditions
In the case of whiteheart malleable cast iron, the
diameter d of the test piece, in millimetres, shall be
representative of the relevant wall thiclmess of the
casting. For the pwpose of determining the diameter
of the test piece to be used, the purchaser shall at the
time of acceptance of the order indicate to the
manufacturer which are the important sections. In the
absence of any direction by the purchaser, the
manufacturer may choose the diameter of the test
piece to be used
9 Tust methods
9.1 Tensile test
The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with
EN 10002-1, but using an unmachined test piece
produced in accordance with 8.3, 8.4 and table 3.
10 Retests
If a test piece fails any of the specified tests due to one
of the following reasons, and not due to the quality of
the iron, that result shall be invalid:
a) faulty mounting of the test piece or defective
operation of the test machine;
b) defective test piece;
c) fracture of the test piece beyond the gauge marks;
d) casting defect in the test piece, revealed after
fracture.
If the test piece produces an invalid test result, and the
test piece shows primary- graphite (eutectic flake
graphite), no retests shall be permitted and the
castings of which the test piece is representative shall
be deemed to be nonconfonning. The presence of
primary graphite shall be confirmed by metallographic
examination.
If the result of the test is invalid, two further test
pieces shall be tested, taken from the additional test
pieces in accordance with 8.2.
If one of the additional test pieces fails, the castings of
which they are representative shall be deemed to be
nonconforming.
NOTE. In the absence of further separately cast test pieces for
blackheart malleable cast irons, the manufacturer has the option
of submitting test pieces cut from a casting (castings) in an
agreed position. The test results obtained from such test pieces
should not be less than 80 % of the minimum value specified for
the material concerned.
In the absence of further separately cast test pieces for whiteheart
malleable cast irons, details of testing and evaluation of the
results should be agreed between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.

Table 3. Dimensions of tensile test pieces (see figure 1)

Diameter Limit Original Original gauge Parallel Minimum Preferred shank dimensions
deviations cross- length length radius at (for information only)
on diameter sectional shoulder Length
Diameter
area
d So L0 ; 3,4 {.Sa Lr r D L
mm mm mm2 mm mm mm mm mm

6 o,5 28,3 18 25 4 10 30
9 o,5 63,6 27 30 6 13 40
12 o,7 113,1 36 40 8 16 50
15 o,7 176,7 45 50 8 19 60
NOTE. Elongation A 3 4 is measured on L0

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 STD.BSI BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 . . 1624669 0637818 T48 . .
Annex A (normative)
Detennination of 0,2 % proof stress
The 0,2 % proof stress values Rpo,2 given in tables 1
and 2 shall be detennined on tensile test pieces, when
this has been requesred by the purchaser.
For the detennination of proof stress, the rate of
increase of stress in the elastic range shall not
exceed 20 N/mm2 per second. When the strain rate can
be controlled, a rate of 1 % /min shall be set and
maintained throughout the test so that I % strain is
reached between 30 s and 60 s.
Annex B (normative)
Brinell hardness
B.1 General
Brinell hardness is a useful additional characteristic of
castings made in malleable cast iron. For any malleable
cast iron, the determination of Brinell hardness enables
the machinability of the material to be assessed
Any decision to measure hardness shall be agreed by
iiiiiiiii
!!!!!!!!! the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of
iiiiiiiii
iiiiiiiii acceptance of the order. However, its detennination
iiiiiiiii should not be assessed in isolation as one parameter.
!!!!!!!!!
Only an analysis of the relationship between hardness
and structure enables a better understanding of the
Ul* characterization of malleable cast iron to be made.
* method of testing shall be the subject of an agreement
B.2 Sampling method
The Brinell hardness test may be carried out using a
test piece or a casting provided that the material has
not been affected by any prior testing.
a) lf the test is to be carried out on a test piece,
then this shall be perfonned on one of the shanks,
either on a prepared surface or on a cross-section.
b) lf the test is to be canied out on one casting,
then this shall be performed on one or several
points as defined and agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of
acceptance of the order. The result can be obtained
from a single determination or from a statistical
method.
BS! 1997
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Page 7
EN 1562 : 1997
B.3 Testing method
The test method given in EN 10003-1 shall be used for
the determination of Brinell hardness, preferably with
the largest compatible ball diameter in line with this
standard.
The test shall be canied out on an appropriately
prepared surface so as to ensure a reliable result
representative of the material.
B.4 Range of hardness values
The range of hardness values to be accepted shall be
agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at
the time of acceptance of the order.
Annex C (normative)
Impact resistance and ductility, especlally
at low temperatures
Malleable cast irons have good impact resistance and
ductility at low temperatures.
The chemical composition shall be left to the
discretion of the manufacturer, but the phosphorus
content should not exceed 0,10 % in castings intended
to be given additional treatment (such as galvanizing)
and/or in the case of castings for use at low
temperatures.
The impact resistance test is normally only requested
for EN-GJMB-350-10 (EN..JM1130).
lf impact resistance testing is required, then the
between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the
time of acceptance of the order.
Annex D (informative)
Bibliography
1n the preparation of this European Standard, use was
made of a document for reference pwposes. This
informative reference is cited at the appropriate place
in the text and the publication is listed hereafter.
EN 1560 Founding - Design.J,tion system for cast
iron - Material symbols and material
numbers
 STD-BS! BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 . . 1624669 0637819 984 . .
BSEN
1562: 1997
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