EE6365

S.
VEERASAMY
CHETTIAR COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SVC.Nagar, Puliangudi, Tirunelveli District
Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering
EE6365-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
LABORATORY
LAB MANUAL
Year/Semester: Branch: Mechanical
II/III Engineering
Regulation: 2013 Academic Year:

2017-2018
Prepared by
Approved by D.Radhakrishnan, AP/EEE
HoD/EEE M.Karuppasamy, AP/EEE
EE6365-
ELECTRICALENGINEERINGLABORATORY
NAME OF THE STUDENT :
ROLL NUMBER :
Sl. Date Of
Name Of The Experiment Marks Signature
No Expt.
S.Veerasamy Chettiar College of Engineering & Technology,
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Class : III Semester/ Mechanical engineering

Sub & Code : EE6365 - Electrical Engineering Laboratory
Duration : July 2017 October 2017
Syllabus
1. Load test on DC shunt & DC series motor

2. O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC shunt and DC series generator
3. Speed control of DC shunt motor (Armature, Field control)
4. Load test on single phase transformer
5. O.C & S.C test on a single phase transformer
6. Regulation of an alternator by EMF & MMF Methods.
7. V curves and inverted V curves of Synchronous motor
8. Load test on three phase squirrel cage Induction Motor
9. Load test on three phase Slip ring induction motor
10. Load test on Single phase induction motor.
11. Study of DC & AC Starters
S.Veerasamy Chettiar College of Engineering & Technology,
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Class : III Semester/ Mechanical engineering

Sub & Code : EE6365 - Electrical Engineering Laboratory
Duration : July 2017 October 2017
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Cycle I
1. Load test on D.C Series motor
2. Load test on D.C Shunt motor.
3. Speed control of D.C Shunt motor.
4. Open Circuit and load Characteristics of Separately excited D.C Generator.
5. Open Circuit and load Characteristics of self excited D.C Generator.
6. Load Test on a Single Phase Transformer.
7. Open Circuit and Short Circuit Tests on a Single Phase Transformer.
Cycle II
8. Load test on three-phase squirrel cage induction motor
9. Load test on three-phase slip ring induction motor.
10. Load test on single-phase induction motor.
11. V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor
12. Regulation of three-phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods
13. Study of D.C motor and A.C motor starters
STAFF INCHARGE
HOD/EEE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

D.C.SERIES MOTOR
Capacity :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :
Ex. No : 1
DATE :
LOAD TEST ON D.C. SERIES MOTOR
AIM:
To obtain experimentally the load characteristics for the given D.C. Series motor.
REFERENCES:
1. D.P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath, Electric Machines, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd, 2002.
2. P.S. Bhimbhra, Electrical Machinery, Khanna Publishers, 2003.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO Name of the apparatus Type Range Quantity

1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Tachometer
4. Connecting wires
FORMULA USED:
Torque applied on the motor, T = (F1~F 2) xr x 9.81,
Nm. Input Power (Pi)= V L IL , watts

Output, P0 = , Watts.
% Efficiency, = x 100
Where,
2
Circumference of the brake drum, 2 r = ---------- m
Radius of the brake drum, r = ---------- m
F1&F2 - spring balance readings in kg.
TABULATION:
Spring
Line Line Output Input
Speed Balance %
Sl. Voltage current Torque Power Power
N Reading Efficiency
No VL IL (N.m) P0 Pi
(rpm) F1 F2
(Volts) (Amps) (Watts) (Watts)
( kg ) ( kg )
1.
2.
6.
MODEL GRAPH:
O/PVs IL
N(rpm) N Vs T Po Vs T N (rpm)
Po (watts) IL (Amps)
% O/P Vs
O/P Vs N
Torque (Nm) O/P Power in watts
MODEL CALCULATION:
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The series motor should be started with some minimum load.

2. Water should be poured in the hollow portion of brake drum.
3. Motor should be stopped with some minimum load.
4. After shut down, the load should be fully released, so as to make the drum free of
cool.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

2. D.C. supply was given by closing the supply main.
3. Using two-point starter, the motor was started.
4. The voltmeter, ammeter & spring balance readings were noted & tabulated.
5. The speed of the motor was also noted using tachometer.
6. For various loads, the above readings were noted down.
7. While applying load, the ammeter reading should not exceed125 % of rated current of
the motor
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Why the series motor is started with some minimum load?

2. What is special characteristic of D.C. series motor?
3. What are the applications of D.C. series motor?
4. Why series motors are not used for driving centrifugal pump?
5. Why series motors are used for traction purpose?
6. While running, if series field winding is opened what happens?
7. What is relation between torque and armature current? Explain.
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

D.C.SHUNT MOTOR
Capacity :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :
Excitation :
Ex. No : 2
DATE :
LOAD TEST ON D.C.SHUNT MOTOR
AIM:
To obtain the performance characteristics of a D.C. shunt motor by conducting a load

test and to draw the characteristics curves.
REFERENCES:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Tachometer
4. Rheostat
FORMULA USED:
Torque applied on the motor, T = (F1~F2) x r x 9.81, Nm.
Input Power (Pi) = VL IL, watts

Where,
2
F1&F2 - spring balance readings in kg.
TABULATION:
Spring
Line Line Output Input
Speed, Balance %
Sl. Voltage Current Torque Power Power
N Reading Efficiency
No VL IL (N.m) P0 Pi
(rpm) F1 F2
(Volts) (Amps) (Watts) (Watts)
( kg ) ( kg )
1.
2.
6.
MODEL GRAPH:
N N(rpm) T(Nm) speed

T in
% rpm
IL
IL(amps)
O/p power (watts) Torque (Nm)
MODEL CALCULATION:
PRECAUTION:
Initially
1. Motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum position.
2. Check whether the belt was not in tight condition.
3. Conditions (1) & (2) must be done before shut down the motor.
PROCEDURE:
1) Connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

2) Supply was given by closing DPSTS.
3) Using 3-point starter, motor was started.
4) Using tachometer, the speed of the motor was checked for its rated speed. If it was
below the rated speed, increase the field resistance, using field rheostat, and rated
speed was obtained.
5) At no load conditions, Voltmeter, Ammeter, speed, spring balance readings were
noted.
6) Load was applied gradually. For various values of IL the speed, field current, armature
current, line voltages, spring balance readings were noted and tabulated.
7) When loading the motor, the line current should not exceed 120% of rated full load
current.
1. What are the applications of D.C. shunt motor?

2. What are the special characteristics of D.C. shunt motor?
3. Why the shunt motor is not started with load?
4. What is the significance of back e.m.f.?
5. What is the condition for maximum efficiency in D.C. motor?
6. Write the voltage equation of the motor.
7. What is the relation between Torque and flux produced?
8. Give the equation linking speed, back e.m.f. and flux in D.C. motor.
9. If load on a D.C. shunt motor is increased, the speed is slightly decreased why?
10. If the field circuit of a loaded shunt motor is suddenly opened what will happen?
Explain.
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

D.C.SHUNT MOTOR
Capacity :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :
Excitation :
Ex. No : 3
DATE :
SPEED CONTROL OF D.C. SHUNT MOTOR
AIM:
To conduct an experiment to control the speed of the given dc shunt motor by

field and armature control method also to draw its characteristic curves.
REFERENCES:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Tachometer
4. Rheostat
PRECAUTION:
Initially
1. Armature rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.
2. Field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
3. Before shut down, also the conditions (1) & (2) must be satisfied.
PROCEDURE:
FIELD CONTROL METHOD:
1. D.C. supply was given to the motor by closing the DPST switch.
2. The armature circuit resistance was adjusted up to the armature rated Voltage
obtained in the voltmeter.
3. Then field rheostat was varied. For various values of field current, armature current
and speed of the motor was noted and tabulated.
4. Then field rheostat was brought to its minimum resistance position.
5. The armature circuit rheostat was adjusted for half of the rated armature voltage.
6. The above procedure was repeated and the readings were tabulated under Half the
rated voltage tabulation.
TABULATION:
Speed control by field control:
Armature Voltage Armature Voltage Armature Voltage

Va1= ---------V Va2= ---------V Va3= ---------V
Sl.No Field Field Field
Speed Speed Speed
Current Current Current
(rpm) (rpm) (rpm)
If(Amps) If(Amps) If(Amps)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Speed control by Armature control:
Field Current Field Current Field Current

If1= ---------A If2= ---------A If3= ---------A
Sl.No Armature Armature Armature
Speed Speed Speed
Voltage Voltage Voltage
(rpm) (rpm) (rpm)
Va (Volts) Va (Volts) Va (Volts)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
MODEL GRAPH:
Armature Control Field Control
If1 If2
N N
in If3 in Va1
rpm rpm Va2
Va3
Va in volts If in amp
ARMATURE CONTROL METHOD:
1. The field rheostat was adjusted for rated field current.

2. The armature rheostat was varied. For various values of armature current, armature
voltage and speed were noted and tabulated.
3. Then armature field rheostat was brought to maximum resistance position.
4. The field rheostat was adjusted for half of the rated field current.
5. Then the above procedure was repeated.
1. What are all the factors affecting the motor speed? Give the relation.
2. Why flux control method is very efficiency?
3. What are the methods for speed control of shunt motor?
4. What are the methods for speed control of D.C. series motors?
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

D.C.SHUNT MOTOR D.C.SHUNT GENERATOR
Capacity : Capacity :
Voltage : Voltage :
Current : Current :
Speed : Speed :
Excitation : Excitation :
Ex. No : 4
DATE :
OPEN CIRCUIT AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF

SEPARATELY EXCITED D.C SHUNT GENERATOR
AIM:
To conduct open circuit and load test on a given separately excited D.C Shunt
generators and to obtain the characteristics
REFERENCES:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Tachometer
4. Rheostat
5. DPST switch
6. SPST switch
7. 1, 3KW, Resistive load
FORMULA USED:
Armature current, Ia = IL in Amps

Generated Voltage, Eg=VL+IaRa in Volts
Where,
VL = Terminal Voltage in Volts

Ra=Armature resistance in ohms
TABULATION:
Generator Armature Resistance (Ra) = ----------
OC Test Load Test

Open Field Load Load Armature Armature Generated emf
circuit Current Voltage Current Current Drop Eg=VL+ Ia Ra
S.No.
Voltage (If) (V L) (IL) (Ia) Ia R a
(E0)
Volts Amps Volts Amps Amps Volts Volts
1.
2.
3.
.
.
7.
Determination of Armature Resistance Ra:
TABULATION
To find out the armature resistance (Ra)
Va (Volts)
I a (Amps)
Ra = Va/I a(ohms)
Average Ra = ..
PRECAUTIONS:
Before closing the DPST switch,
1. The motor field rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position.

2. The generator field rheostat must be kept at maximum resistance position.
3. Check whether the starter handle is kept at OFF position.
4. For load test check whether load is in OFF position.
5. While doing the experiment, the load current IL should not exceed the rated current of
the generator.
6. While shut down the generator, again precaution (1),(2) & (3) must be satisfied.
PROCEDURE:
For open circuit test:

2. Supply was given and the motor was started with help of three-point starter.
3. Speed of the motor was checked for its rated speed using tachometer. If the speed of
the motor was below the rated speed, then by increasing the motor field resistance the
motor speed was increased to its rated speed.
4. The field of D.C. Generator was supplied with separate D.C. Source. The field
rheostat of generator was decreased, and the corresponding values of ammeter and
voltmeter readings were tabulated under increasing values of If. This was done up to
rated voltage of D.C. Generator.
5. Then the field rheostat was gradually increased; the ammeter and voltmeter readings
were tabulated under decreasing values of If.
6. Before shut down, (i.e. DPSTS open) check whether the motor field rheostat and
generator field rheostat were kept at original position.
For load test:
1. Supply was given to the motor, by closing the DPST switch (1)
2. Using the three-point starter, motor was started.
3. By varying motor field rheostat, rated speed was obtained.
4. By varying generator field rheostat, e.m.f was build up to the generator rated e.m.f
5. For no load condition, voltmeter reading and field current reading were noted down.
6. The DPSTS (2) was closed the loads were gradually applied. For various values of
load current, VL, IL & If were noted d own.
To find armature resistance (Ra):

2. Supply was given when the load is in OFF position.
3. Gradually, the load was applied the voltmeter and ammeter readings were noted.
MODEL GRAPH:
Open circuit characteristics Load Test Characteristics
Eo
in Eg,
Volts VL Internal(Eg VsIL)
External(VLVsIL )
IL in amps IL in amps
MODEL CALCULATION:
1. State the applications of D.C. shunt generator.

2. What is the purpose of drawing O.C.C.?
3. Why the motor field rheostat is kept at minimum position and generator field rheostat
is kept at maximum resistance position?
4. What are all the classifications of D.C. generator?
5. What is the purpose of providing commutator?
6. What are all types of windings used in armature?
7. What are all the reasons for the d.c.generator not building up the E.M.F.?
8. What is meant by armature reaction?
9. What is the best way to minimize eddy current loss in armature?
10. What are the three factors which cause decrease in terminal voltage of a shunt
generator?
11. What are all the causes of an over loaded generator?
12. What are all the effects of armature reaction?
13. How can we minimize the hysteresis losses in armature?
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

D.C.SHUNT MOTOR D.C.SHUNT GENERATOR
Voltage : Voltage :
Current : Current :
Speed : Speed :
Excitation : Excitation :
Ex. No : 4
DATE :
OPEN CIRCUIT AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF

SELF EXCITED D.C SHUNT GENERATOR
AIM:
To conduct open circuit and load test on a given self excited D.C Shunt generators
and to obtain the characteristics
REFERENCES:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Tachometer
4. Rheostat
5. DPST switch
6. SPST switch
FORMULA USED:
Armature current, Ia = IL + If in Amps

Generated voltage, Eg=VL+IaRa in Volts
Where,
VL = Terminal voltage in Volts

Ra =Armature resistance in Ohms
If = Field current in Amps
TABULATION:
Generator Armature Resistance (Ra) = ----------
OC Test Load Test

Open
Field Load Load Armature Armature
circuit Generated emf
S.No. Current Voltage Current Current Drop
Voltage Eg=V L+ Ia Ra
(If) (VL) (IL) (Ia) Ia R a
(E0)
Volts Amps Volts Amps Amps Volts Volts

1.
2.
3.
.
.
7.
Determination of Armature Resistance Ra:
TABULATION
To find out the armature resistance (Ra)
Va (Volts)
I a (Amps)
Ra = Va/I a(ohms)
Average Ra = ..
PRECAUTIONS:
Before closing the DPST switch,
1. The motor field rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position.

2. The generator field rheostat must be kept at maximum resistance position.
3. Check whether the starter handle is kept at OFF position.
4. For load test check whether load is in OFF position.
5. While doing the experiment, the load current IL should not exceed the rated current of
the generator.
6. While shut down the generator, again precaution (1),(2) & (3) must be satisfied.
PROCEDURE:
For open circuit test:

2. Supply was given and the motor was started with help of three-point starter.
3. Speed of the motor was checked for its rated speed using tachometer. If the speed of
the motor was below the rated speed, then by increasing the motor field resistance the
motor speed was increased to its rated speed.
4. The field of D.C. Generator was supplied with separate D.C. Source. The field
rheostat of generator was decreased, and the corresponding values of ammeter and
voltmeter readings were tabulated under increasing values of If. This was done up to
rated voltage of D.C. Generator.
5. Then the field rheostat was gradually increased; the ammeter and voltmeter readings
were tabulated under decreasing values of If.
6. Before shut down, (i.e. DPSTS open) check whether the motor field rheostat and
generator field rheostat were kept at original position.
For load test:
1. Supply was given to the motor, by closing the DPST switch (1)
2. Using the three-point starter, motor was started.
3. By varying motor field rheostat, rated speed was obtained.
4. By varying generator field rheostat, e.m.f was build up to the generator rated e.m.f
5. For no load condition, voltmeter reading and field current reading were noted down.
6. The DPSTS (2) was closed the loads were gradually applied. For various values of
load current, VL, IL & If were noted d own.
To find armature resistance (Ra):

2. Supply was given when the load is in OFF position.
3. Gradually, the load was applied the voltmeter and ammeter readings were noted.
MODEL GRAPH:
Open circuit characteristics Load Test Characteristics
Eo
in Eg,
Volts VL Internal(Eg VsIL)
External(VLVsIL )
IL in amps IL in amps
MODEL CALCULATION:
1. What is meant by armature reaction?

2. What is the best way to minimize eddy current loss in armature?
3. What are the three factors which cause decrease in terminal voltage of a shunt
generator?
4. What are all the causes of an over loaded generator?
5. What are all the effects of armature reaction?
6. How can we minimize the hysteresis losses in armature?
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:
SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Capacity :
Voltage :
Current :
Ex. No : 6
DATE :
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
AIM:
To conduct the load test on a given single phase transformer and draw its performance
curves
REFERENCES:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Wattmeter
FORMULA USED:
% Efficiency = (Ws/ Wp ) 100

Where,
Ws= secondary power, in watts
Wp=Primary power, in watts
% Regulation = [(Vso Vs) / Vs] x 100
Where,
Vso =secondary voltage at no load condition
Vs = secondary voltage at load condition
TABULATION:
M.F = -------- M.F = --------

Primary Secondary
Primary Primary Power Secondary Secondary Power
Sl. Voltage Current Wp Voltage V s Current Ws Efficiency Regulation
No Vp Ip Is
Read Actual Read Actual
volts Amps watts volts Amps watts % %
1.
2.
.
.
6.
MODEL GRAPH:
UPF
% %
Regulation

Output power (watts) Output power (Watts)
MODEL CALCULATION:
PRECAUTION:
Initially
1. All loads should be in OFF condition.
2. When loading the transformer the secondary side ammeter reading should not exceed the
rated secondary current.
PROCEDURE:
1. Initially, DPSTS (2) was at open position, DPSTS (1) was closed.
2. The secondary voltage was noted as Vs (No load).
3. Now DPSTS (2) was closed and the load was gradually applied.
4. For various values of loads, the ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter readings on both
primary and secondary sides were noted and tabulated
1. Mention the factors on which Hysteresis loss depends?

2. What is the purpose of using core in a transformer?
3. For what type of load the % regulation will be negative?
4. Why transformers are rated in KVA instead of KW?
5. What is meant by all day efficiency?
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Capacity :
Voltage :
Current :
Ex. No : 7
DATE :
OPEN CIRCUIT AND SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON

AIM:
1. To predetermine the efficiency and voltage regulation for any specified loading
conditions.
2. To obtain approximate equivalent circuit by conducting open circuit and short circuit
tests on single-phase transformer.
REFERENCES:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Wattmeter LPF & UPF
4. 1, Variac
FORMULA USED:
i) To determine equivalent circuit parameters:
Open Circuit Test :( LV side)
No load power factor, cos o =
Where,
Voc = Open circuit voltage in Volts,

Ioc= Open circuit current in Amps,
Woc = Open circuit power in Watts,
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST:

Working component of no load current, Iw = Io coso
Magnetizing component of no load current, I = IoSino
No load resistance, = in
No load reactance, = in
Short Circuit Test :( HV Side)
Equivalent Impedance of winding referred to HV side, Z02 = in
Where,
Vsc = Short circuit voltage in Volts,
Isc= Short circuit current in Amps,
Equivalent resistance of winding referred to HV side, R02 = in
Where,
Wsc = Short circuit power in Watts,
Equivalent Reactance of win d ing referred to HV side, X01 = +
Transformation Ratio, K=
Where,
V1 = LV side or Primary side voltage
V2= HV side or secondary side voltage
Equivalent resistance of winding referred to LV side, R01 = in
Equivalent Reactance of winding referred to HV side, X01= in
ii) To determine % Efficiency and % Regulation:
1. Core losses = Wo watts = Wi (say)
2. Full load copper Losses = Wsc watts = Wcu

TABULATION:
O.C. TEST S.C. TEST
M.F =--------- M.F =---------

Vo Io Wo (watts) Vsc Isc Wsc (watts)
(Volts) (Amps) Reading Actual (Volts) (Amps) Reading Actual
CALCULATION TABULATION:
Predetermination of Efficiency:
p.f. =-------------- (assume)

Total
Copper loss Power output Power input
% load (Wcu ) watts losses % Efficiency
S.No (Po) (Pi)
(X) (W)
watts watts
watts
1. 0
2. 20
3. 40
4. 60
5. 80
6. 100
Predetermination of Regulation:
P.F(cos) %Regulation
S.No sin
(Assume) Lagging p.f Leading p.f
1. 0
2. 0.2
3. 0.4
4. 0.6
5. 0.8
6. 1.0
Say X is the percentage of full load, then for
2
3. X % copper loss will be Wcu = (X /100) x Wsc watts
4. Power output , Po = (KVA rating) (P.F.) (X/100) 1000 watts
(Take KVA from name plate detail & assume p.f.)
5. Total losses = Wi + Wcu watts
6. Power Input, Pi = ( Power output + Total losses)
Power output (Po)

7. % Efficiency, = x 100
Power input (Pi)
8 Percentage Regulation = Isc [R02 cos X02 sin ] X 100

V2
where ,
Isc -Rated current, (HV side)
Vo -Rated primary voltage, (HV side)
+ - for lagging p.f.
- - for leading p.f.
PRECAUTION:
1. High voltage and low voltage sides of the transformer should be properly used as
primary and secondary respective to the experiment
2. When loading the transformer the secondary side ammeter reading should not exceed
the rated secondary current
3. For O.C. test, the secondary of the transformer should be open circuited.
4. For S.C. test, the secondary of the transformer should be short-circuited.
5. In both tests, the variac should be kept at minimum position initially.
PROCEDURE:
O.C. TEST:
1. Circuit connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Variac was varied and rated voltage was applied to primary of the transformer.
3. Ammeter, voltmeter & wattmeter readings were noted down.
4. Variac was brought to minimum position & supply was cut off.
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT: (Refer to primary side or LV side)
MODEL GRAPH:
MODEL CALCULATION:
S.C. TEST:
1. Variac was varied such that the rated current of the transformer flows in the secondary
side.
2. Ammeter, Voltmeter & Wattmeter readings were noted down.
3. Variac was minimized to zero position & supply was cut off.
1. What is the purpose of doing O.C. & S.C. test?

2. What are all the losses in transformer?
3. Define percentage regulation.
4. What does breather mean?
5. What is the use of silica gel?
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

3-PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
Capacity :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :
Ex. No: 8
Date :
LOAD TEST ON 3-PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM:
To the performance of the given 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor by direct
loading
REFERENCES
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter
3 Wattmeter
4 Tachometer
5 Connecting wires
FORMULA:
Torque applied on the motor, T = ( F1~F ) x r x 9.81, Nm.

2
Power Factor, cos =

% Slip, S = x 100
Where, NS = Synchronous speed = 1500 rpm.

2
1. OBSERVATION TABULATION.
M.F=-----------
1 2
Line Line Input Power, Spring Balance

Speed
Voltage current Pi (Watts) Reading
Sl.No N
VL IL
Reading Actual (rpm ) F ( kg ) F ( kg )
(Volts) (Amps)
1.
2.
2. CALCULATIO. N TABULATION.
6.
Line Output Input
%
current Torque Power Power
Sl.No p.f % Slip Efficiency
IL (N.m) P0 Pi

(Amps) (Watts) (Watts)
1.
2.
.
6
MODEL GRAPHS:
MODEL CALCULATION:
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The motor should be started without any load.

2. The supply should not be switched OFF before the motor is unloaded.
3. While running on load, the brake drum is cooled by pouring cold water.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the supply at no load. Take one set of reading at no load.
3. Vary the load in suitable step and hence note down all the meter reading up to 100 %
of full load. ( Observe one reading slightly above but less than 120% rated current)
RANGE FIXING:
Rated voltage of motor = ------------ V

Range of voltmeter = ------------ V
Rated current of motor = ------------ A
Range of ammeter = ------------ A
The active power drawn by the motor and reactive power is less. So power factor is normally
more than 0.3.
UPF wattmeter = ------------ V, ------------ A
Rated current of variac = ------------ A
DISCUSSIN QUESTION:
1. Compare induction motor with transformer?

2. Why induction motor draws more current on load than a transformer?
3. Can you identify the type of induction motor on visual inspection? If yes, How?
4. Which type of induction motor has more starting torque?
5. What is induction generator?
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

3-PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR
Capacity :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :
Ex. No: 9
Date :
LOAD TEST ON 3-PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM:
To the performance of the given 3-phase slip ring induction motor by direct loading
REFERENCES:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter
3 Wattmeter
4 Tachometer
5 Connecting wires
FORMULA:

2
Power Factor, cos =

% Slip, S = x 100

2
1. OBSERVATION TABULATION:
M.F=-----------
1 2 1 2
Input Spring
Line Line Wattmeter readings
Power Speed Balance
Sl. Voltage current (Watts)
Pi N Reading
No VL IL
W1 W2 (W + W ) (rpm ) F F
(Volts) (Amps)
Reading Actual Reading Actual Watts ( kg ) ( kg )
1.
2.
2..CALCULATION TABULATION:
6.
Line Output Input
%
IL (N.m) P0 Pi

1.
2.
.
6.
MODEL GRAPHS:
MODEL CALCULATION:
PRECAUTIONS:

PROCEDURE:

RANGE FIXING:

more than 0.3.
UPF wattmeter = ------------ V, ------------ A
DISCUSSIN QUESTION:
1. List out the merits and demerits of induction motor?

2. Name the two types of induction motor?
3. Define slip?
4. Why pf at no load of an induction motor is higher than that of a transformer?
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Capacity :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :
Ex. No: 10
Date :
LOAD TEST ON 1-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM:
To the performance of the given 1-phase induction motor by direct loading
REFERENCES
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter
3 Wattmeter
4 Tachometer
5 Connecting wires
FORMULA:

2
Power Factor, cos =
% Slip, S = x 100

2
1. OBSERVATION TABULATION.
M.F=------
1 2
Line Line Input Power Spring Balance

Speed
Sl. Voltage current Pi (Watts) Reading
N
No VL IL
Reading Actual (rpm ) F ( kg ) F ( kg )
(Volts) (Amps)
1.
2.
2. CALCULATIO. N TABULATION.
6.
Line Output Input
%
IL (N.m) P0 Pi

1.
2.
.
6.
MODEL GRAPHS:
MODEL CALCULATION:
PRECAUTIONS:

PROCEDURE:

RANGE FIXING:

more than 0.55
UPF wattmeter = ------------ V, ------------ A
DISCUSSIN QUESTION:
1. Why single phase induction motors are not self starting?

2. What is the function of centrifugal switch in single phase capacitor start induction
motor?
3. How would you reverse the direction of a single phase capacitor start induction
motor?
4. Mention few applications of single phase induction motor?
5. Name the theory by which the working of single phase induction motor?
6. Classify the single phase motors based on their construction and method of starting
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

3-PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
Capacity :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :
Ex. No: 9
Date :
V AND INVERTED V CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
AIM:
To draw the V and inverted V curves of synchronous motor
REFERENCES
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Wattmeter
4. Rheostat
5. SPSTS
6. Connecting wires
FORMULA:
Input Power, Pin = Watt meter readings
Power Factor, cos =

Where,
VL-Voltmeter reading
IL-Ammeter reading
OBSERVATION TABULATION:
M.F=-----------
Line Line Input Power Field
Voltage current Pi (Watts) current Power factor
Sl.No
VL IL If cos
Reading Actual
(Volts) (Amps) (Amps )
1.
2.
.
.
7.
Note:
For each load setting, draw separate observation table.
MODEL GRAPHS:
MODEL CALCULATION:
PROCEDURE:

2. Applied for rated voltage using auto transformer.
3. Apply the constant load to shaft of the synchronous motor and vary the field current
from minimum to maximum. i.e under excitation to over excitation.
4. Record the armature current (Ia) each step.
5. Also note down voltmeter, field ammeter (If), wattmeter readings. Repeat the above
procedure for other constant load setting.
DISCUSSIN QUESTION:
1. What are the different methods of starting synchronous motor?

2. List down the application of synchronous motor.
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

DC SHUNT MOTOR 3-PHASE ALTERNATOR
Voltage : Voltage :
Current : Current :
Speed : Speed :
Excitation :
Ex. No: 12
Date :
REGULATION OF ALTERNATOR BY EMF AND MMF METHODS
AIM:
To predetermine the regulation of the given alternator by EMF and MMF methods
REFERENCES
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Rheostat
4. Tachometer
5. Connecting wires
FORMULA:
i) EMF method :
Stator resistance/phase AC value, Ra =1.3 x Rdc
Plot the O.C.C and S.C.C on common If
Synchronous impeda nce / Phase,
,
Zs =
\
,
[Note Zs should be calculated in the linear o .C]
range f O.C
Synchronous reactance / Phase, Xs =

+
OBSERVATION TABULATION
1. O.C TEST:
Field current No-Load Voltage
Sl.No
If (Amps) Eo (Volts)
1.
2.
3.
4.
.
.
10.
2. S.C.TEST:
Rated Short circuit current Field current

Sl.No
Isc (Amps) If (Amps)
1.
Determination Stator armature resistance, Ra
Sl.No V (Volts) I ( Amps) Rdc ()

1.
2.
.
.
5.
Average Rdc () =
Stator resistance/phase AC value, Ra =1.3 x Rdc = ---------------------- ()
( + ) )
No-Load induced EMF, Eo = (
Where, + = lagging power factor
- = leading power factor
+
% Regulation = x 100
ii) MMF method :
Total field c urrent I is

f
( ) ) c
os
If = ( 2 (90 )
Where, + = lagging power factor
- =+leading power factor

Read Eo- No load phase voltage form OCC curve corresponding to the total field
current If
Calculate above. Eo = ----V
% Regulation = x 100
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Motor field rheostat should be at the minimum resistance position while switching on
and switching off the DPSTS.
2. The rheostat on the field circuit of generator should be kept at minimum potential
(output) position before closing the TPSTS.
3. The starter handle must be moved step by step to start the motor and alternator set.
CALCULATION TABULATION:
i).EMF method:
No-Load phase
Power % Regulation
voltage, Eo (volts)
Sl.No factor
Lagging Leading Lagging Leading
cos sin
p.f p.f p.f p.f
1. 0
2. 0.2
3. 0.4
4. 0.6
5. 0.8
6. 1.0
MODEL GRAPHS:
MODEL CALCULATION:
PROCEDURE:
O.C TEST:
1. Keep the TPSTS open.
2. Close the DPSTS switch.
3. Using the starter run the MG set.
4. Run the MG set at rated speed, by adjusting the field rheostat.
5. By adjusting alternator field rheostat in convenient steps of If. note down V.(phase
voltage)
S.C TEST:
1. Now close the TPSTS.
2. By adjusting alternator field rheostat, observe If for rated current in the armature
circuit of alternator
RANGE FIXING:
Full load current of motor= A

On both O.C and S.C test the power delivered by the alternator is zero.
The power drawn by the M-G set from source is equal to the no load power
requirements of M-G set, which is approximately 30-40% of full load current of DC
motor.
Fuse rating on DC side is A
The rated current of alternator is A
Fuse rating AC side is A
Range of ammeter is ( 0- A)
Rated phase voltage of alternator Vph = VL/3
Range of voltmeter is ( 0- V)
The rated field current of alternator is A
Range of ammeter If is ( 0- A)
Rheostat on field circuit of motor and alternator
Their current rating is to be based on their rated field current.
Their ohmic value should be as high as possible (especially for alternator side).
Therefore the range of field rheostat on motor side A
Therefore the range of field rheostat on alternator side A
ii).MMF method:
Total field current, No-Load phase

Power % Regulation
f o I (Amps) voltage, E (volts)
Sl.No factor
cos Lagging Leading Lagging Leading Lagging Leading
p.f p.f p.f p.f p.f p.f
1. 0
2. 0.2
3. 0.4
4. 0.6
5. 0.8
6. 1.0
MODEL GRAPHS:
MODEL CALCULATION:
DISCUSSIN QUESTIONS:
1. Define synchronous impedance.

ve ve
2. Is regulation of alternator can be + , - and zero? If so under what condition?
3. For which nature of load power factor the regulation of alternator is maximum?
4. Why EMF method is called as pessimistic method?
5. Why MMF method is called as optimistic method?
6. Mention the different methods available for pre determining the regulation of
alternator
RESULT:

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S.

Department of Electrical and Electronics

Regulation: 2013 Academic Year:

Class : III Semester/ Mechanical engineering

1. Load test on DC shunt & DC series motor

Class : III Semester/ Mechanical engineering

1. Load test on D.C Series motor

2. Load test on D.C Shunt motor.

3. Speed control of D.C Shunt motor.

4. Open Circuit and load Characteristics of Separately excited D.C Generator.

5. Open Circuit and load Characteristics of self excited D.C Generator.

6. Load Test on a Single Phase Transformer.

7. Open Circuit and Short Circuit Tests on a Single Phase Transformer.

8. Load test on three-phase squirrel cage induction motor

9. Load test on three-phase slip ring induction motor.

10. Load test on single-phase induction motor.

11. V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor

12. Regulation of three-phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods

13. Study of D.C motor and A.C motor starters

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

S.NO Name of the apparatus Type Range Quantity

Torque applied on the motor, T = (F1~F 2) xr x 9.81,

Nm. Input Power (Pi)= V L IL , watts

Torque (Nm) O/P Power in watts

1. The series motor should be started with some minimum load.

1. Connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

1. Why the series motor is started with some minimum load?

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

LOAD TEST ON D.C.SHUNT MOTOR

To obtain the performance characteristics of a D.C. shunt motor by conducting a load

S.NO Name of the apparatus Type Range Quantity

Torque applied on the motor, T = (F1~F2) x r x 9.81, Nm.

Input Power (Pi) = VL IL, watts

N N(rpm) T(Nm) speed

O/p power (watts) Torque (Nm)

1) Connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

1. What are the applications of D.C. shunt motor?

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

To conduct an experiment to control the speed of the given dc shunt motor by

S.NO Name of the apparatus Type Range Quantity

FIELD CONTROL METHOD:

Speed control by field control:

Armature Voltage Armature Voltage Armature Voltage

Speed control by Armature control:

Field Current Field Current Field Current

Armature Control Field Control

1. The field rheostat was adjusted for rated field current.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

OPEN CIRCUIT AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF

S.NO Name of the apparatus Type Range Quantity

Armature current, Ia = IL in Amps

VL = Terminal Voltage in Volts

Generator Armature Resistance (Ra) = ----------

OC Test Load Test

Determination of Armature Resistance Ra:

To find out the armature resistance (Ra)

Before closing the DPST switch,

1. The motor field rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position.

For open circuit test:

1. Connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

For load test:

To find armature resistance (Ra):

1. Connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

Open circuit characteristics Load Test Characteristics