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70% _C_ 48. Iron in the diet is reduced to the ferrous form in the presence of:
A. Ferritin C. Gastric acidity
B. Antacids D. Calcium
_D_ 53. Once formed in the body, cholesterol can give rise to
A. Bile acids C. Steroid hormones
B. Vitamin D D. All of the above
1. An important anti oxidant because it inhibits the formation of
nitrosamines during digestion
a. retinol
b. ascorbic acid
c. tocopherol
d. retinoic acid
e. cobalamin
(Harpers pp640-641)
82. The oxidant stress of infection is most likely to trigger the development of:
A. cachexia C. marasmus
B. kwashiorkor D. 2nd degree malnutrition
(Answer: B / Reference: p. 479 / MPL 60)
80. Which of the following is TRUE of micronutrients absorption?
A. Gastric intrinsic factor is required for the absopriton of hematopoeitic B
vitamins.
B. Impaired fat absorption can lead to calcium and fat soluble vitamin
malabsorptions.
C. Calbindin is vital for the absorption of macrominerals.
D. Absorption of iron is strictly regulated by the concentration of intestinal
hemosiderin and plasma transferrin.
(Answer: B / Reference A: p. 477, 478 / MPL 33)
83. An abnormality in the biliary system of a Filipino is most likely to result in:
A. Beri-beri C. Osteomalacia
B. Hemorrhagic disorder D. Pellagra
(Answer: B / Reference: p. 482 / MPL 33)
65. The fat soluble vitamin under current investigation for its cardioprotective properties
is:
A. Vit. A C. Vit. E
B. Vit. D D. Vit. K
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., p. 315.
67. The effects of vitamin A may include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. prevention of anemia. C. the visual cycle
B. serving as an antioxidant D. induction of certain cancers
Reference: Champe, P. C. et. al., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., pp. 330-332.
68. This mineral ion is a necessary co-factor in all reactions where ATP participates:
A. Cu+2 C. Fe+2
+2
B. Mn D. Mg+2
Reference: Berg, J. M., et. al., Biochemistry, 5th ed., p. 254.
79. Which of the following statements about dietary fibers is/are correct?
A. Water soluble fiber helps to lower serum cholesterol in most people.
B. Mucilaginous fiber slows the rate of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.
C. Insoluble fiber increases stool bulk and decreases transit time.
D. All of the above are correct.
Reference: Devlin, F. M, Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical
Correlations, 5th
ed., p.1134.
80. A complete replacement of animal protein in the diet by vegetable protein:
A. would be expected to have no effect at all on the overall diet.
B. would reduce the total amount of food consumed for the same number of calories.
C. might reduce the total amount of iron and Vitamin B12 available.
D. would be satisfactory regardless of the nature of the vegetable protein used.
Reference: Devlin, F. M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical
Correlations, 5th
ed., p. 1134.
81. Which of the following dietary regimens would be most effective in lowering
cholesterol?
A. Restrict dietary cholesterol
B. Increase the ration of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids.
C. Restrict cholesterol and increase fiber.
D. Restrict cholesterol, increase PUFA/SFA and increase fiber.
Reference: Devlin, F. M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical
Correlations, 5th
ed., p. p.1134.
82. The main source of energy for the brain during prolonged starvation would come
from:
A. Ketone bodies C. Fatty acids
B. Glucose D. Proteins
Reference: Champe, P. C., t. al., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., p. 294.
83. In the overall scheme of human metabolism, which organ plays the most important
role in
caloric homeostasis?
A. Brain C. Liver
B. Kidney D. Muscle
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., p. 283, 292.
84. In the well-fed state, the following molecules are stored XCEPT:
A. Carbohydrates C. Fats
B. Proteins D. Ketone bodies
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., pp. 282-289.
85. Survival is possible in starvation because:
A. The liver synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
B. The brain uses glucose as energy source.
C. The muscle proteins are not being continuously broken down for energy source.
D. The fats are spared from degradation.
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., pp. 292-294.
89. Which of the following is the most important source of blood glucose during the last
hours of
a 48-hour fast?
A. Muscle glycogen C. Liver glycogen
B. Acetoacetate D. Amino acids
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., p. 302.
100. A smoker who complains of soft swollen gums and loose teeth is deficient in
Vitamin C and
therefore has impaired:
A. hydroxylation of proline.
B. hydroxylation of dopamine -hydroxylase.
C. degradation of tyrosine.
D. hydroxylation of bile acids.
Reference: Champe, P. C., Harvey, R. A., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., p. 40.
1. Humans MOST easily tolerate a lack of which of the following nutrients?
A. Protein
B. Iodine
C. Carbohydrate
D. Lipid
Ans C
Ref. Harpers Biochemistry 24th ed. p. 285-286
MPL 0.75
Ans D
Ref. Harpers Biochemistry 24th ed. p. 612-613
MPL 0.75
3. Which of the following vitaminswould MOST likely become deficient in a person
who develops a completely carnivorous lifestyle?
A. Thiamine
B. Niacin
C. Cobalamin
D. Vitamin C
Ans D
Ref. Harpers Biochemistry 24th ed. p. 612-613
MPL 0.75
Ans B
Ref. Harpers Biochemistry 24th ed. p. 194
MPL 0.75
Ans B
Ref. Harpers Biochemistry 24th ed. p. 606-607
MPL 0.75
6. Which of the following conditions would primarily produce a functional deficiency
of Vitamin K?
A. Coumadin Therapy
B. Broad Spectrum antibiotic
C. Premature birth
D. Lack of red meat in the diet
Ans A
Ref. Harpers Biochemistry 24th ed. p. 727
MPL 0.75
7. A 3 month old boy presents with poor feeding & growth, hypotonia, lactic
acidemia, and mild acidosis. The pyruvate to lactate ratio is high, and there is
decreased conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. Which of the following may be
considered for therapy?
A. Thiamine
B. FFA
C. Biotin
D. Vitamin C
Ans A
Ref. Harpers Biochemistry 24th ed. p. 183
MPL 0.25
8. A 2-year old child presents with cough and bronchitis, growth failure, & chronic
diarrhea with light-colored foul smelling stools. A deficiency of which vitamin
should be considered?
A. Vit B6
B. Vit C
C. Vit A
D. Vit B1
Ans C
Ref. Harpers Biochemistry 24th ed. p. 614-617
MPL 0.25
9. an infant presents with prominent forehead, bowing of the limbs, broad & tender
wrists, swelling at the costochondral junction of the ribs, and irritability. Which of
the following treatments is the most appropriate for this patient?
A. Removal of eggs from diet
B. Milk & Sunlight exposure
C. Diet of baby food containing liver & ground beef
D. Diet of baby food containing leafy vegetables
Ans C
76. Hormonal stimulation of the formation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-
triphosphate (IP3) quickly leads to the release of which other intracellular messenger?
A. Calcium C. Prostaglandin
B. cAMP D. Thromboxane
Reference: pp. 463 MPL 0.33
77. Niacin is not strictly a vitamin since it can be synthesized in the body from this
essential amino acid:
A. Proline C. Threonine
B. Valine D. Tryptophan
Reference: pp. 490 MPL 1.0
78. Deficiency of this vitamin causes functional folate deficiency or the so-called folate
trap:
A. Pyredoxine C. Cobalamin
B. Riboflavin D. Biotin
Reference: pp. 494 MPL 1.0
79. This vitamin is the major lipid-soluble anti-oxidant in cell membranes and plasma
lipoproteins:
A. A C. E
B. D D. K
Reference: pp. 486 MPL 1.0
80. This is an intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol that accumulates in the skin:
A. 7 - dehydrocholesterol C. Calcidiol
B. Cholecalciferol D. Calcitriol
Reference: pp. 484 MPL 0.5
81. Digestion of proteins differ from that of carbohydrates and fats in that:
A. Proteins are initially digested in the small intestines
B. Digestion of proteins is completed in the stomach
C. Most proteolytic enzymes are secreted in their zymogen forms
D. The optimum pH in all phases of digestion is in the acidic range
Reference: pp. 477
83. Jose after eating a piece of fried chicken, the first enzyme to digest the protein of the
chicken meat is:
A. Amylase C. Chymotrypsin
B. Pepsin D. Trypsin
Reference: pp. 477
88. Warfarin is useful as an anticoagulant because it inhibits activation of:
A. Factor X C. Platelet activation
B. Factor XII D. Thrombin
Reference: pp. 604
98. Joel for the past years always have excess caloric intake. Which of the following
diseases is NOT associated with overnutirtion?
A. Cancer C. Marasmus
B. Hypertension D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Reference: pp. 480 MPL 1.0
99. Vitamin D is required for the intestinal absorption of which of the following
minerals?
A. Calcium C. Iron
B. Magnesium D. Copper
Reference: pp. 477 MPL 1.0
100. Alicia always maintain a balanced diet, which substances in her diet is NOT an
energy source?
A. Carbohydrate C. Fibers
B. Lipid D. Lipid
Reference: pp. 480