DISCUSSION

Unsteady-state heat transfer is important because of the large number of

heating and cooling problems occurring industrially. Two experiments are
conducted to meet the objectives of each experiment respectively. In
experiment one; we used aluminium to determine the heat transfer
coefficient of moving water and to determine the Biot Number of
aluminium whereas for experiment two, we used stainless steel to
compare the experimental and the theoretical centre temperatures profile
of stainless steel. Three different shapes consist of sphere, cylinder and
the slab are used in both experiments which to identify good surface area
to determine the center temperature of each shapes. Measurement taken
on a shape of a particular material can be used to confirm the conductivity
of a similar shape of different material. Monitoring of temperature at the
center of shape allows analysis of heat flow using the appropriate
transient-temperature/heat flow charts provided.

For the first part of the experiment, Aluminium is used to determine

hA
m
C p V
the heat transfer coefficient (h) by using the formula where the
value for m is the dimensionless parameters for use in Heisler Chart
means the slope is get from the graph ln (T- T / To- T) versus t for each
shape. The value of h for sphere is 7770.61 W/m2 K, for cylinder is 310.93
W/m2 K and for slab is 4117.24 W/m2 K. In this experiment, the heat
transfer coefficient of moving water to aluminium is represented with the
value of h. The value of h is determined to describe the heat leaves a
surface, as a function of the temperature difference between the surface
and the ambient. h is the function of the system geometry, fluid
properties, and flow velocity and temperature difference.
 The value of h is used in the formula to identify the Biot Number

hx1
k
(NBi) by using the formula NBi = which is dimensionless. The NBi
compares the relative values of internal conduction resistance and surface
convective resistance to heat transfer. Theoretically, the less the N Bi
means the faster heat conduction inside the body than the heat
conduction away from its surface. The N Bi is calculating to know the
assumption is reasonably accurate or not. The N Bi be less than 0.1 shows
the experiment is successful. After calculate, the result shows that the N Bi
for sphere is 0.254 while, for cylinder is 0.01 and for slab is 0.1. The N Bi
only for the cylinder and slab shape are less than 0.1 which identified that the
experiment is valid. While for the other value is more than 0.1. According to the theory, the
lower the Biot number, the faster heat conduction inside the body than the heat conduction
away from its surface.

Experiment 2 is carried out to compare the temperature between the theory and the
experiment result. Based on the result obtained the theory value for sphere cylinder and slab
shape is 49.25oC , 49.3oC and 47.5oC which compare to experimental value is 49.7 oC , 48.7oC
and 45.6oC. Actually the theory temperature is not the exactly value because the value is get
from the assumption calculation and referred to the chart for determining the temperature at
the center of sphere, cylinder and slab for unsteady state condition (H.P Heisler). But, the
temperature values of sphere, cylinder and slab that obtained from the experiments are in a
range to the temperature theory value. There is not too much different between those
temperature values. So that, can said that the exactly temperature value are between the
theory value and the temperature value from the experiment.

During this experiment, there are no technical problem occur otherwise is some human error
such as water not reach the required water level in vessel. Besides since the reading were
taken every five seconds, so its difficult to get the accurate reading.