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MensurationII(Importantresults)
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Thefollowingresultsareveryimportanttosolvevariousmensurationproblems.
1.Thelargestpossiblespherethatcanbechiseledoutfromacubeofside"a"cm.
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Diagonalofthesphereisa,soradius=a/2. Followusforupdates:
3
a
Remainingemptyspaceinthecube=a 3
6
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2.Thelargestpossiblecubethatcanbechiseledoutfromasphereofradius"a"cm
HereOA=radiusofthesphere.Sodiameterofthesphere=2a.
Letthesideofthesquare=x ,thenthediagonalofthecube=3 x
2a
3 x = 2a x =
3
2a
Thereforesideofthesquare=
3
3.Thelargestpossiblecubethatcanbechiseledoutfromahemisphereofradius'a'cm.
Sol:
Given,theradiusofthehemisphereAC=a .Letthesideofthecubeisx .
Fromtheabovediagram,BE 2
+ ED
2
= BD
2
x
2 2
+ x = BD
2
BD = 2 x
2 x x
BC = =
2 2
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7/28/2016 MensurationII(Importantresults)
From ABC,AC 2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
2
x
2 2
a = x + ( )
2
2
3x
a
2
=
2
2
x = a
3
2
Theedgeofthecube=a
3
4.ThelargestsquarethatcanbeinscribedinarightangledtriangleABCwhenoneofitsverticescoincidewiththe
vertexofrightofthetriangle.
Solution:
letthesideofthesquare=x
DE//BC,therefore, ADEand ABCaresimilar.
AD DE
=
AB BC
b x x
=
b a
x x
1 =
b a
x x
1 = +
b a
a + b
1 = x( )
ab
ab
x = ( )
a + b
2
ab ab
Sideofthesquare= andareaofthesquare=( )
a + b a + b
5.ThelargestsquarethatcanbeinscribedinarightangledtriangleABCwhenoneofitsverticesliesonthe
hypotenuseofthetriangle
Solution1:
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7/28/2016 MensurationII(Importantresults)
Weknowthatc=AD+x+EC
xa xb
c = + x +
b a
a b
c = x( + 1 + )
b a
2 2
a + ab + b
c = x( )
ab
abc
x = ( )
2 2
a + ab + b
abc
Sideofthesquare=
2 2
a + b + ab
Solution2:
Fromtheabovediagram,dropaperpendiculartoACfromvertexB.
1 1
Areaof ABC= a b = BF c
2 2
ab
BF = (1)
c
c
xc x
1 =
ab c
xc x
1 = +
ab c
c 1
1 = x( + )
ab c
2
+
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( ) 3/8
7/28/2016 MensurationII(Importantresults)
2
c + ab
1 = x( )
abc
abc abc
x = =
2 2 2
c + ab a + b + ab
6.Thelargestsquarethatcanbeinscribedinasemicircleofradius'r'units
3
Areaofthesquare= r
2
5
7.Thelargestsquarethatcanbeinscribedinaquadrantofradius'r'cm.
2
r r
Sideofthesquare= ,andareaofthesquare=
2 2
8.Thelargestcirclethatcanbeinscribedinthesemicircleofradius'r'cmis
2
r
Inscribedcirclearea=
4
(Rememeber:Inscribedcircleareaishalfofthesemicirclearea)
9.Thelargestcirclethatcanbeinscribedinaquadrantofradius'r'cmis
2
r
Areaofthecircle=
3 + 22
Level2:
10.Thelargestcubethatcanbechiseledoutfromaconeofheight'h'cmandradiusof'r'cm
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7/28/2016 MensurationII(Importantresults)
Solution:
Letthesideofthesquare=x
DHEisarightangletriangle.Therefore,DE 2
= DH
2
+ HE
2
2 2
DE = x + x = 2 x
Fromthediagram,ADE andABC aresimilar.
AF DE
=
AG BC
h x 2 x
=
h 2r
x x
1 =
h 2 r
x x
+ = 1
2 r h
1 1
x( + ) = 1
2 r h
h + 2 r
x( ) = 1
2 rh
2 rh
x =
h + 2 r
2 rh
Squareside=
h + 2 r
11.Findthemaximumvolumeofcylinderthatcanbemadeoutofaconeofradius'r'andheight'h'
Sol:
Lettheradiusofthecylinder=x andheight=y .WehavetomaximizethevolumeofthecylinderV=x 2
y .To
maximizethevolumewehavetochangeoneofthegivenvariableintheequationinto"r"and"h"anddifferentiate
theequationwithrespecttotheothervariable.
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7/28/2016 MensurationII(Importantresults)
Substitutingtheaboveresultinthevolumeweget,
hx
2
V = x (h )
r
3
hx
2
V = hx
r
Differentiationtheaboveequationw.r.tx,
2
3hx
1
V (x) = 2hx
r
Byequatingtheaboveequationtozero,wecanfindthevalueofxwheretheaboveequationbecomesmaximum.
2
3hx
2hx =0
r
3x
2hx (2 ) = 0
r
3x
h,xcannotbezero.So2 =0
r
2r
x = (2)
3
Substitutingtheaboveresultinequation(1),
2r
2( )
h y 3
=
h 2r
h y 2
=
h 3
2
h y = h
3
h
y = (3)
3
2
2r h
Therefore,maximumvolumeofthecylinder=( ) ( )
3 3
4
2
r h
27
12.Findthemaximumvolumeofspherethatcanbeinscribedinacone.
Sol:
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7/28/2016 MensurationII(Importantresults)
r r 2 + h2
Now, =
xh x
2 2
rh rx = x r + h
2 2
rh = rx + x r + h
2 2
rh = x (r + r + h )
rh
x =
2 2
r + r + h
13.Findthemaximumvolumeofconethatcanbeinscribedinasphere.
Sol:
Lettheradiusofthesphere=r .
Lettheradiusofthecone=x ,andheight=y
1
Wehavetomaximizethevolumeofthecone=V= x y
2
(1)
3
From BCD,BD 2
= BC
2
+ CD
2
2 2 2
r = x + (y r)
2 2 2 2
r = x + y + r 2yr
x
2
= 2yr y
2
(2)
Substitutingtheaboveresultinequation(1),anddifferentiatingw.r.t.y,andequatingtozero,
1
V= (2yr y ) y
2
1
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7/28/2016 MensurationII(Importantresults)
1
V
1
(y) = (4yr 3y )
2
=0
3
4r
y =
3
4r r
NowCD= r =
3 3
From BCD,
r 2
2 2
r = x ) + (
3
2
8r 22 r
x = = (3)
9 3
2
1 1 22 r 4r 32
Volumeofthecone= x y
2
= ( ) = r
3
3 3 3 3 81
Aptitude
Disqusseemstobetakinglongerthanusual.Reload?
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