THRASS

Teaching Handwriting Reading And Spelling Skills

Reading

THE THRASS INSTITUTE

(Australasia & Canada)
 THRASS

TEACHING HANDWRITING READING AND SPELLING SKILLS

AN INTEGRATED PHONOGRAPHIC TOOL FOR TEACHING

THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LITERACY

READING

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
A comprehensive explanation of copyright guidelines relating to the files on this
CD and other THRASS resources may be found in the COPYRIGHT folder, on
this CD.

If for some reason you are unable to find or access this information, contact
THRASS for assistance.

In all instances of uncertainty about copyright relating to any THRASS resources,

contact THRASS for clarification, before using the resource.

DENYSE RITCHIE & ALAN DAVIES

 READING

CONTENTS

pdf number Page Content Page Number

4-8 Teaching Notes 1-5
9 Phoneme Sheet Blank 6
10-50 Phoneme Sheets 7-47
51 Say, Name & Overwrite Sheet - Consonant Phonemes 48
52 Say, Name & Write Sheet - Consonant Phonemes 49
53 Say, Name & Overwrite Sheet - Vowel Phonemes 50
54 Say, Name & Write Sheet - Vowel Phonemes 51
55 Combined Say, Name & Overwrite Sheet 52
56 Combined Say, Name & Write Sheet 53
57 Grapheme Catch-All Sheet 54
58 Grapheme Group Words 55
59 Syllable Set Words 56
 READING SECTION
Note: Phonemes are indicated by brackets ( ) and letter names by apostrophes, ' '. Although we
recognise the importance of IPA, we have not used its symbols to denote phonemes, as many
people will not be familiar with these. Instead we have used common graphemes (spelling choices).

The READING SECTION introduces the 44 phoneme-boxes and 120 THRASSWORDS from the THRASSCHART.

Spoken English has 44 phonemes.

There are not 44 letters in the alphabet to represent each of these phonemes. Therefore since there cannot
always be a one-to-one correspondence between phonemes and letters, it is important to think of the 26 letters
of the alphabet as only a resource from which letters are selected and combined, according to convention,
to represent the different phonemes.

The THRASS PICTURECHART shows the 44 phoneme-boxes with some of their graphemes.

READING - Involves changing graphemes to phonemes.

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

bird rabbit cat kitten duck school queen chair watch dog ladder fish coffee dolphin gate egg GRAPH - one letter representing one phoneme
b bb * c k ck ch q * ch tch * d dd * f ff ph * g gg **

DIGRAPH - two letters representing one phoneme

hand jam giant cage bridge leg bell mouse hammer lamb net dinner knee king ink
h * j g ge dge * l ll * m mm mb * n nn kn * ng n **
Consonant
Section [ TRIGRAPH - three letters representing one phoneme
QUADGRAPH - four letters representing one phoneme
panda hippo rain cherry wrist sun dress horse city ice treasure shark station chef tap letter
p pp * r rr wr * s ss se c ce * s * sh ti ch * * t tt *

thumb feather voice sleeve water wheel quilt yawn zip fizz sneeze laser cheese DIPHONE - one letter representing two phonemes
th * th * v ve * w wh u * y * z zz ze s se *

THRASS PICTURECHART
IT IS AN ILLEGAL ACT TO PHOTOCOPY OR RE-CREATE THIS CHART
1998 DENYSE RITCHIE & ALAN DAVIES ISBN 978 1 876424 01 5
2012 - THE THRASS INSTITUTE (Australasia & Canada)
www.thrass.com.au enquiries@thrass.com.au
Code: T-102
GRAPHEMES - graph, digraph trigraph, quadgraph

ant baby tape snail tray hair square car banana bed bread me beach tree key pony
PHONOGRAPHIC - the relationship between phonemes and graphemes
a * a a-e ai ay * air are * ar a * e ea * e ea ee ey y *

ear deer teacher collar doctor measure zebra garden fossil lion circus fern shirt worm fur
Vowel
[
ear eer * er ar or ure a e i o u * er ir or ur *
Section
tin pyramid tiger kite light fly frog swan nose boat note snow coin toy
i y * i i-e igh y * o a * o oa o-e ow * oi oy *

book bull moon screw glue lure fork ball sauce saw door cow house bus glove
oo u * oo ew ue * ure * or a au aw oor * ow ou * u o *

THE PHONOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIP

Consonant and vowel phonemes are used to make words. For example the word cow.
Look at the consonant phoneme-box c k ck ch q * . Say the phoneme.
Look at the phoneme-box ow ou * . Say the phoneme.
The word cow has two phonemes: a consonant phoneme, represented by the graph 'c' and a
vowel phoneme, represented by the digraph 'o' 'w'.
The graph 'c' was chosen from five possible graphemes. The digraph 'o' 'w' was chosen from two
possible graphemes.
It is understandable that in the absence of the learner not having a clear visual image for the
word cow, spellings such as kow, ckow, chow, qow, cou, kou' are possible.

The vowel phoneme ( ow ) represented by the digraph 'o' 'w' in cow is only one of the 20 vowel
phonemes of spoken English.
Look at the graphemes on the vowel phoneme-boxes. Note that the graphemes, used to represent
vowel phonemes, do not only use the letters 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u' - referred to by some people as
'vowel' letters. In fact the letter 'y' is a very common way to represent the vowel phoneme ( ee )
as heard at the end of the word pony. Similarly in the word cow the letter 'w' in combination with
the 'o', is representing a vowel phoneme ( ow ).
THRASS THRASS READING - TEACHING NOTES 1
 As you can see from looking at other graphemes in the vowel phoneme-boxes, the letters 'r', 'w' and
'y' do not represent only consonant phonemes.
It is, therefore, misleading to refer to letters as either 'vowel letters' or 'consonant letters', because
this suggests that 'vowel letters' only represent vowel phonemes and that 'consonant letters' only
represent consonant phonemes. They should be correctly referred to as 'vowel indicators' or 'consonant
indicators'.
For example:
In the words persuade and language the letter 'u' represents the consonant phoneme ( w ) as in quilt.
In the words million and view the letter 'i' represents the consonant phoneme heard at the beginning
of the word yawn.
In the words horse and house the letter 'e' is part of the consonant digraph 's' 'e', representing
the phoneme ( s ) as in horse.
In this context then, it is important to think of the alphabet, as simply a resource of 'letters', that are used
to represent phonemes.
Look at the phoneme-box j g ge dge * in the second row of consonant phoneme-boxes on the
THRASSCHART. Play the Consonant Phoneme Sequence, from the THRASS Raps and Sequences CD,
to hear the consonant phoneme that it represents.

When we write one letter to represent a phoneme it is called a graph. For example, the 'j' in jam or the
'g' in giant. When we write two letters to represent a phoneme it is called a digraph. For example,
the digraph 'g' 'e' in cage. When we write three letters to represent a phoneme it is called a trigraph.
For example, the 'd' 'g' 'e' in bridge. These graphs, digraphs and trigraphs, are called graphemes (or as
THRASS calls them, spelling choices).

Reading involves changing graphemes to phonemes. For example, when we read the letters
'f', 'f' 'f' and 'p' 'h' in the words fish, coffee and dolphin respectively, we say the same consonant phoneme.

Spelling involves changing phonemes to graphemes. When we spell the same consonant phoneme that
was in fish, coffee and dolphin, we use the letters 'f', 'f' 'f' and 'p' 'h' respectively.

SPLIT DIGRAPHS
In the word tape', the 'a' 'e' is a split digraph - the two letters represent one vowel phoneme. Split
digraphs are also found in the words gate, kite and note, found on the THRASSCHART.

DIPHONES
In the words box and mix the letter 'x' represents two consonant phonemes
( k ) and (s). Therefore, for the letter 'x', learners will need to point underneath the phoneme-
boxes c k ck ch q
* and s ss se c ce * a n d s a y t h e p h o n e m e s c o n s e c u t i v e l y .
In box and mix there are not three phonemes but four (b-o-k-s). The 'x' does not represent one phoneme
- it is not a graph. In fact it represents two consonant phonemes (in this case a blend). When one letter
such as the 'x' in box represents two phonemes, it is called a diphone. This is why, in ignorance of the
correct sequence of letters, learners in their spelling of these words, may understandably allocate a
grapheme to each phoneme in the word box, such as in the misspellings, boks and bocks and why the
reverse is also possible - spelling such words as books and socks as boox and sox.

DIPHONE DIPHONE DIPHONE

b o x o n ce e m u
THRASS THRASS READING - TEACHING NOTES 2
In the words emu, music and tube the letter 'u' represents the consonant phoneme at the start of yawn,
and the vowel phoneme in the middle of moon. Therefore, for the letter 'u', learners will need to point
underneath the phoneme-boxes y * and oo ew ue * and say the phonemes consecutively. For
example, in emu there are not three but four phonemes ( ee - m - y - oo). The 'u' does not represent a
phoneme - it is not a graph. It actually represents two phonemes - one a consonant and the other a vowel.

The 120 THRASSWORDS may be introduced and revised in any order. You may wish to introduce them
in the order given in this section, or choose to select words containing the graphemes and phonemes
found in the names of people, places or particular words.

The most common graphemes have been selected for the THRASSCHART. Graphemes not on the chart
are represented in the phoneme-boxes by an asterisk, referred to as a Grapheme Catch-All (GCA).

*a
Grapheme c k ck ch q
Catch-All (GCA)

HOW TO USE THE READING SECTION

The READING SECTION is divided into five areas.
1. Phoneme Sheets
2. Say, Name and Overwrite Sheets and Say, Name and Write Sheets (and their combined versions)
3. Grapheme Group Words Sheet
4. Syllable Set Words Sheet
5. GCA Sheet
1. PHONEME SHEETS
Example. The first THRASSWORD is bird. It has three phonemes. The consonant phoneme ( b ) is represented
by the graph 'b', the vowel phoneme ( er ) is represented by the digraph 'i' 'r' and the consonant phoneme
( d ) by the graph 'd'. Count the number of phonemes in each word by counting the number of phoneme-
boxes used. Then say the phonemes in the correct order to make the THRASSWORD.

bird b bb * er ir or ur * d dd *
1 7
PHONEME SHEET 1
b d

bird

bird ir

2
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
phonemes order (p) or trigraph
vowel
3 4 5 6

THRASS THRASS READING - TEACHING NOTES 3

Instructions
1. Read the whole word.
2. Name and write over the large grey letter/s, (key grapheme), then write the whole word on the line underneath.
3. Count the number of phoneme-boxes on the chart and write how many in the 'number of phonemes' square.
4. When you can say all of the phonemes in the correct order tick the 'phoneme order' square.
5. Match the key grapheme with the small letter/s in the relevant phoneme-box. Consonant phonemes are located
in boxes on the top half of the chart and vowel phonemes are found in the phoneme-boxes on the bottom half of
the chart.
Write a 'c' or 'v' in the 'consonant or vowel' square to indicate whether the key grapheme represents a consonant
or vowel phoneme.
6. Is the phoneme represented by one, two or three key letters? Write a 'g', 'd', or 't' (graph, digraph or trigraph)
in the square to show your choice.
7. Note: Phoneme-boxes that do not contain a grapheme used in the THRASSWORD are 'bricked-in'.

Note: The number of syllables in a word is determined by the number of vowel phonemes.
For example the word tiger has two vowel phonemes therefore two syllables.

2. SAY, NAME & OVERWRITE SHEETS and SAY, NAME & WRITE SHEETS
Important: Consonant and vowel phonemes are used to make the words of spoken English.

Learners listen to the Consonant Phoneme Sequence or the Vowel Phoneme Sequence.
When they are familiar with the phoneme-boxes, they say a phoneme before naming and overwriting
the grapheme/s in the appropriate box.

These sheets can be used to idenify and to

THRASS

practise the location of Say the consonant phoneme.

key phonemes, Name and overwrite the graphemes.

key graphemes
and b bb c k ck ch q ch tch d dd f ff ph g gg
key words. h j g ge dge l ll m mm mb n nn kn ng n

These sheets can be used to practise the p pp r rr wr s ss se c ce s sh ti ch t tt

THRASS READING
THRASS

spelling of words, syllables and blends. th th v ve w wh u y z zz ze s se

Say the consonant phoneme.
Name and write the graphemes.
48

__ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ______ __ ____ __ ____ ____ __ ____

__ __ __ ____ ______ __ ___ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ ___ __

__ ___ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ __ ____ __ ____ ____ ____ __ ___
THRASS READING

____ ____ __ ____ __ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ ____

49

IMPORTANT
In each phoneme-box there is a grapheme, or graphemes, illustrating how the phoneme may be
represented.
Phonemes may be represented by different graphemes and different numbers of graphemes.
The Say, Name and Overwrite/Write Sheets are found in the READING SECTION, rather than the
SPELLING SECTION, because the physical act of overwriting graphemes helps the learner to learn/recall
and then pronounce the 44 phonemes when reading.

THRASS THRASS READING - TEACHING NOTES 4

Phonemes and graphemes may be introduced and revised in any order. You may wish to introduce the
phonemes and graphemes in the order given in the READING SECTION, or choose to select the phonemes
and graphemes found in the names of people or places, or in words of your own choosing.

Graphemes that are not on the chart are represented

in the phoneme-boxes by an asterisk, known as the *
Grapheme Catch-All (GCA). GCA

3. GRAPHEME GROUP WORDS SHEET

Grapheme Group
Learners are given a sheet for a specific grapheme

(e.g. a GCA such as the trigraph 'q' 'u' 'e' for
( k ) as in cheque).
que que

The grapheme is written in the large phoneme

box.
Identify the phoneme-box on the chart and write
the grapheme.
Learners recall words, or find words in reading Grapheme Group Words
books, that contain graphemes representing the
same phoneme. cheque
Learners build word banks for grapheme groups and
keep these sheets for future reference.
plaque
technique
queue
antique

*
Can you find a GCA for each of the 44 phonemes?
Add the GCA to the phoneme-box and write an example word.
b bb y
c k ck ch q z zz ze s se THRASS THRASS READING 55

ch tch a
d dd a a-e ai ay
f ff ph air are 4. SYLLABLE SET WORDS SHEET
g gg ar a
Use the Syllable Set Sheet in a similar way
h e ea
j g ge dge e ea ee ey y
to the Grapheme Group Words Sheet, to
l ll ear eer
record syllables such as -tion as in station
m mm mb er ar or ure a e i o u o -ttle (as in battle, bottle, little, rattle,
n nn kn er ir or ur wattle).
ng n i y
p pp i i-e igh y 5. GCA SHEET
r rr wr o a
s ss se c ce o oa o-e ow Use the GCA Sheet to record some of the
s oi oy graphemes that appear in words that have
sh ti ch oo u not been selected as THRASSWORDS.
t tt oo ew ue
th ure
th or a au aw oor
v ve ow ou
w wh u u o

THRASS THRASS READING 54

THRASS THRASS READING - TEACHING NOTES 5

PHONEME SHEET - BLANK

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 6
PHONEME SHEET 1

bird b d

bird ir

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
phonemes order () or
vowel trigraph
bb

r t
rabbit
a
i
rabbit
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

cat c

cat a

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
order () or
phonemes vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 7
PHONEME SHEET 2

kitten k
n
tt

kitten e
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
ck d
duck
duck
u
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

school ch
l
s

school
oo
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 8
PHONEME SHEET 3

queen q
n

queen u
ee

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
ch
chair
air chair
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

watch tch

watch w

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 9
PHONEME SHEET 4

dog d g

dog
o

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

l
dd
ladder

a
er
ladder
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

fish f

sh

fish
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 10
PHONEME SHEET 5

coffee
c ff

coffee ee

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
phonemes order () or
vowel trigraph

l
d
n
ph
dolphin

i
dolphin
o

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

gate g

gate a-e

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
order () or
phonemes vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 11
PHONEME SHEET 6

egg gg

egg e

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

h
d
n hand
a
hand
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

jam j m

jam a

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 12
PHONEME SHEET 7

giant g n
t

giant a
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
c
ge
cage

a
cage
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

bridge b
dge
r

bridge
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 13
PHONEME SHEET 8

leg l
g

leg e

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
b
ll
bell

e bell
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

mouse m
se

mouse
ou
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 14
PHONEME SHEET 9

hammer h mm

hammer a
er

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

l mb
lamb

a lamb
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

net n
t

net e

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 15
PHONEME SHEET 10

dinner d
nn

dinner er
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

kn
knee

ee knee
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

king k
ng

king
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 16
PHONEME SHEET 11

ink k
n

ink
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
d
n
p panda
a
a
panda
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

hippo h
pp

hippo
i o

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 17
PHONEME SHEET 12

rain n
r

rain ai

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
ch
cherry
rr

e y cherry
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

wrist
wr s t

wrist
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 18
PHONEME SHEET 13

sun n
s

sun
u
graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

d
dress
r ss

e dress
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

horse h
se

horse
or
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 19
PHONEME SHEET 14

city
c t

city y

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

ice
ce

ice
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

treasure
r s t

treasure ea
ure

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 20
PHONEME SHEET 15

shark k

sh

shark ar

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

n
station
s ti t

a
o
station
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
f
chef
ch

chef e

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 21
PHONEME SHEET 16

tap
p t

tap a

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

l
letter
tt

er
e letter
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

thumb mb

thumb th

u
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 22
PHONEME SHEET 17

feather f

feather th
ea
er

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

voice
ce

voice
v

oi

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

sleeve l
s

sleeve ve
ee

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 23
PHONEME SHEET 18

water
t

water er
w

a
graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

l
wheel

wheel
wh
ee

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

quilt q
l
t

quilt u

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 24
PHONEME SHEET 19

yawn n

yawn y

aw
graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

zip
p
z

zip
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

fizz f

fizz zz

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 25
PHONEME SHEET 20

sneeze n
s

sneeze ze
ee

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

l laser
a
er
s
laser
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

cheese ch

cheese ee
se

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 26
PHONEME SHEET 21

ant n
t

ant a

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
phonemes order () or
vowel trigraph
b/b
baby

a y baby
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

tape
p t

tape a-e

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
order () or
phonemes vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 27
PHONEME SHEET 22

snail l n
s

snail ai

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

tray
r t

ay tray
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

hair h

hair air

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 28
PHONEME SHEET 23
q
square
s

square are
u

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
c
car

ar car
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

banana b
n n

banana a
a a

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 29
PHONEME SHEET 24

bed b d

bed e

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
b d
bread
r

ea bread
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

me m

me e

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 30
PHONEME SHEET 25

beach b ch

beach ea

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

tree
r t

ee tree
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

key k

key ey

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 31
PHONEME SHEET 26

pony n
p

pony y

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

ear

ear
ear
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

deer d

deer eer

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 32
PHONEME SHEET 27

teacher ch

teacher er
ea

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
c
ll
collar

ar
collar
o

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

doctor c d

doctor or
o

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 33
PHONEME SHEET 28
measure
m
s

measure ure
ea

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
b
zebra
r

a
e
z
zebra
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

garden d
n
g

garden ar
e

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 34
PHONEME SHEET 29

fossil l
f

ss

fossil i
o

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

l n
lion

o
lion
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

circus c

s c

circus u ir

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 35
PHONEME SHEET 30

fern n
f

fern er

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

shirt
sh t

ir
shirt
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

worm m

worm w

or

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 36
PHONEME SHEET 31

fur f

fur
ur

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
phonemes order () or
vowel trigraph

n tin
t

tin
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

pyramid m
d

p r

pyramid a
i/y

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
order () or
phonemes vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 37
PHONEME SHEET 32

tiger g

tiger er
i

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
k
kite
t

kite
i-e

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

light l
t

light
igh

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 38
PHONEME SHEET 33

fly l
f

fly
y

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
f g
frog
r

frog
o

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

swan n
s

swan w

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 39
PHONEME SHEET 34

nose n

nose se

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
b
boat
t

boat
oa

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

note n
t

note
o-e

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 40
PHONEME SHEET 35

snow n
s

snow
ow

graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
c
n
coin

coin
oi

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

toy
t

toy
oy

graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 41
PHONEME SHEET 36

book b k

book
oo
graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

b
ll
bull

bull
u
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

moon m n

moon
oo
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 42
PHONEME SHEET 37

screw c

screw
r s

ew
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
phonemes order () or
vowel trigraph

l
g
glue

glue
ue
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

lure l

lure
ure
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
order () or
phonemes vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 43
PHONEME SHEET 38

fork k f

fork
or
graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
b
ll
ball

ball
a
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

sauce
s / ce

sauce
au
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 44
PHONEME SHEET 39

saw
s

saw
aw
graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
d
door

door
oor
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

cow c

cow
ow
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 45
PHONEME SHEET 40

house h
se

house
ou
graph
number of phoneme consonant
or digraph
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
b
bus
s

bus
u
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph

glove l
g

glove ve

o
graph
number of phoneme consonant digraph
or
phonemes order () vowel trigraph
THRASS THRASS READING 46
PHONEME SHEET 41
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

b *

In the word box the letter 'x' represents two phonemes (diphone).

box
number of
box phoneme consonant
or c+c
phonemes order () vowel
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

*
e

*
In the word emu, the letter 'u' represent two phonemes (diphone).

emu
number of
emu phoneme consonant
or c+v
phonemes order () vowel
THRASS THRASS READING 47
 THRASS
Say the consonant phoneme.
Name and overwrite the graphemes.

b bb c k ck ch q ch tch d dd f ff ph g gg

h j g ge dge l ll m mm mb n nn kn ng n

p pp r rr wr s ss se c ce s sh ti ch t tt

th th v ve w wh u y z zz ze s se

THRASS READING
48
 THRASS
Say the consonant phoneme.
Name and write the graphemes.

__ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ______ __ ____ __ ____ ____ __ ____

__ __ __ ____ ______ __ ___ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ ___ __

__ ___ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ __ ____ __ ____ ____ ____ __ ___

____ ____ __ ____ __ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ ____

THRASS READING
49
THRASS
THRASS

Say vowel
thethe
Say phoneme.
vowel phoneme.
Name
Nameand
andoverwrite graphemes.
thethe
overwrite graphemes.

ay air
ai ay
a-e ai
aa aa a-e are arara a e ea
airare e eae ea y y
ey ey
ee ee
e ea
ear urea ae ei io ou uer erir iror orur ur
eer erer arar oror ure
ear eer
igh y o a o oa o-e ow oi oy
i-e igh y o a o oa o-e ow oi oy
ii yy i i i-e
ou u o
oo u oo ew ue ure or a au aw oor owow
oo u oo ew ue ure or a au aw oor ou u o

THRASS READING
THRASS READING
50
50
 THRASS
Say the vowel phoneme.
Name and write the graphemes.

__ __ __ - __ ____ ____ ______ ______ ____ __ __ ____ __ ____ ____ ____ __

______ ______ ____ ____ ____ ______ __ __ __ __ __ ____ ____ ____ ____

__ __ __ __ - __ ______ __ __ __ __ ____ __ - __ ____ ____ ____

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ______ ____ __ ____ ____ ______ ____ ____ __ __

THRASS READING
51
 b bb c k ck ch q ch tch d dd f ff ph g gg

THRASS
h j g ge dge l ll m mm mb n nn kn ng n
p pp r rr wr s ss se c ce s sh ti ch t tt
th th v ve w wh u y z zz ze s se
COMBINED SAY, NAME AND OVERWRITE SHEET COMBINED SAY, NAME AND OVERWRITE SHEET

a a a-e ai ay air are ar a e ea e ea ee ey y

ear eer er ar or ure a e i o u er ir or ur
i y i i-e igh y o a o oa o-e ow oi oy

THRASS READING
oo u oo ew ue ure or a au aw oor ow ou u o

52
 __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ______ __ ____ __ ____ ____ __ ____

THRASS
__ __ __ ____ ______ __ ___ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ ___ __

__ ___ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ __ ____ __ ____ ____ ____ __ ___

____ ____ __ ____ __ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ ____

COMBINED SAY, NAME AND WRITE SHEET COMBINED SAY, NAME AND WRITE SHEET

__ __ __ - __ ____ ____ ______ ______ ____ __ __ ____ __ ____ ____ ____ __

______ ______ ____ ____ ____ ______ __ __ __ __ __ ____ ____ ____ ____

__ __ __ __ - __ ______ __ __ __ __ ____ __ - __ ____ ____ ____

THRASS READING
____ __ ____ ____ ____ ______ ____ __ ____ ____ ______ ____ ____ __ __

53
 *
Can you find a GCA for each of the 44 phonemes?
Add the GCA to the phoneme-box and write an example word.
b bb y
c k ck ch q z zz ze s se
ch tch a
d dd a a-e ai ay
f ff ph air are
g gg ar a
h e ea
j g ge dge e ea ee ey y
l ll ear eer
m mm mb er ar or ure a e i o u

n nn kn er ir or ur

ng n i y
p pp i i-e igh y

r rr wr o a
s ss se c ce o oa o-e ow
s oi oy
sh ti ch oo u
t tt oo ew ue
th ure
th or a au aw oor
v ve ow ou
w wh u u o

THRASS THRASS READING 54

Grapheme Group

Grapheme Group Words

THRASS THRASS READING 55

 Syllable Set

Use this sheet for words that have the same syllable.
e.g. 'tion' as in station

Syllable Set Words

THRASS THRASS READING 56