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This standard endorses, for general tolerances, ISO 2768-1:1989 and ISO 2768-2:1989
Additions to ISO 2768-1:1989, see Table 1 and Table 2 (notes 1, 2, 3 and 4).
For drawings with drawing owner TOO, see addition to ISO 2768-2:1989 in Table 6 (note 5).
CONTENTS Page
1 GENERAL....................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2 GENERAL TOLERANCES ............................................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 REJECTION ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 LINEAR AND ANGULAR DIMENSIONS .................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.3.1.1 Linear dimensions ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3.1.2 Angular dimensions......................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.4 GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCES .............................................................................................................................................. 4
2.4.1 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4.2 Tolerances for single features......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4.2.1 Straightness and flatness................................................................................................................................................ 5
2.4.2.2 Roundness ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4.2.3 Cylindricity....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4.3 Tolerances for related features ....................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4.3.1 Parallelism....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4.3.2 Perpendicularity .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.4.3.3 Symmetry ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.4.3.4 Coaxiality......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.4.3.5 Circular run-out ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.4.4 Examples ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7
2.4.4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.4.2 Roundness ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4.4.3 Cylindricity....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4.4.4 Parallelism....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4.4.5 Symmetry ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9
2.4.4.6 Drawing example .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.4.4.7 Interpretation of drawing example................................................................................................................................. 10
2.4.5 Miscellaneous ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
3 GENERAL STANDARD REFERENCES...................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
3.1.1 Availability of standards ................................................................................................................................................ 11
3.1.2 ISO compared to AC-STD............................................................................................................................................. 12
3.2 LIST OF STANDARDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
3.2.1 Lines, arrows and dimensioning.................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.2 Text ............................................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.3 Project methods ............................................................................................................................................................ 12
3.2.4 Views and sections ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.5 Item references ............................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2.6 Quantities and units ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.7 Symbols ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2.8 Components and characteristics................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.9 Dimensioning and tolerancing....................................................................................................................................... 14
3.2.10 Geometrical tolerancing ................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.2.11 Surface texture .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
3.2.12 Document handling ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.3 EXAMPLES OF DRAWING INDICATIONS............................................................................................................................... 15
3.3.1 General standard references ........................................................................................................................................ 15
3.3.2 Non general standard references.................................................................................................................................. 16
4 INDICATION ON DRAWINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 GENERAL STANDARD REFERENCES ONLY ......................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 LINEAR AND ANGULAR DIMENSIONS .................................................................................................................................. 17
4.3 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES AND GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCES ........................................................................................... 17
4.4 GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCES ONLY ................................................................................................................................... 17
4.5 BOTH DIMENSIONAL, GEOMETRICAL AND ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................. 17
- Lotus Notes data base Standard Documents - GSD
1 GENERAL
General tolerances should be stated whenever required, with a reference to AC-STD 1350 K,
with ISO tolerance class (-es) added, according to paragraph 2, page 2 for linear and angular
dimensions and paragraph 2.4, page 4 for geometrical tolerances.
Reference to AC-STD 1350 K, without stating of tolerance class, means that general standards
under paragraph 3, page 11 can be applied on a drawing without any reference stated.
ISO 2768-1:1989 and ISO 2768-2:1989 mainly applies to features produced by material
removal or formed from sheet metal.
For indications on drawings, see example under paragraph 4, page 16.
2 GENERAL TOLERANCES
2.1 General
All features on component parts always have a size and a geometrical shape. For the deviation
of size and for the deviations of the geometrical characteristics (form, orientation and location)
the function of the part requires limitations which, when exceeded, impair this function.
General tolerances are tolerances which shall apply where no other tolerances have been
indicated. This standard mainly applies to features which are manufactured by removal of
material.
If there are general tolerances for other processes, as specified in other standards, reference
shall be made to them on the drawings or associated specifications. For a dimension between
an unfinished and a finished surface, e.g. of cast or forged parts, for which no individual
tolerance is directly indicated, the larger of the two general tolerances in question applies.
The tolerancing on the drawing should be complete to ensure that the elements of size and
geometry of all features are controlled, i.e. nothing shall be implied or left to judgement in the
workshop or in the inspection department.
The use of general tolerances for size and geometry simplifies the task of ensuring that this
prerequisite is met.
ISO tolerance class (classes) for general tolerances should be used when the values in
question correspond to the customary workshop accuracy. If tighter limits are required, or if
larger deviations are permitted, the tolerances should be indicated directly on the drawing.
When selecting the tolerance class, the respective customary workshop accuracy has to be
taken into consideration. If smaller tolerances are required or larger tolerances are permissible
and more economical for any individual feature, such tolerances should be indicated adjacent to
the relevant nominal dimension (s).
The use of general tolerances provides the following advantages:
a) drawings are easier to read and thus communication is made more effective to the user of the
drawing.
b) the design draughtsman saves time by avoiding detailed tolerance calculations. It is sufficient
enough to know that the function allows a tolerance greater than or equal to the general tolerance.
c) the drawing readily indicates which feature can be produced by normal process capability.
d) assists quality engineering by reducing inspection levels.
e) those dimensions remaining, which have individually indicated tolerances, will, for the most part,
be those controlling features for which the function requires relatively small tolerances. This will be
helpful for production planning and will assist quality control services in their analysis of inspection
requirements.
f) purchase and sub-contract supply engineers can negotiate orders more readily since the
customary workshop accuracy is known before the contract is placed. This also avoids
discrepancies on delivery between the buyer and the supplier, since in this respect the drawing is
complete.
These advantages are fully obtained only when there is sufficient reliability that the general
tolerances will not be exceeded, i.e. when the customary workshop accuracy of the particular
workshop is equal to or finer than the general tolerances indicated in the drawing.
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The workshop should, therefore:
measure and determine the workshop accuracy.
accept only those drawings having general tolerances equal to or greater than its customary
workshop accuracy.
check by sampling that its customary workshop accuracy does not deteriorate.
2.2 Rejection
The tolerance which the function allows is often greater than the general tolerance. The function
of the part is, therefore, not always impaired when the general tolerance is (occasionally)
exceeded at any feature of the work-piece. Exceeding the general tolerance should lead to a
rejection of the work-piece only if the function is impaired.
2.3.1 Scope
Paragraph 2.3 specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual
tolerance indications in four tolerance classes.
The standard applies to the dimensions of parts that are produced by metal removal or parts
that are formed from sheet metal.
This part of AC STD 1350 K only applies for the following dimensions which do not have an
individual tolerance indication:
a) linear dimensions, e.g. external sizes, internal sizes, step sizes, diameters, radii, distances,
external radii and chamfer heights for broken edges.
b) angular dimensions, including angular dimensions usually not indicated, e.g. right angles (90),
unless reference to AC-STD 1350 K paragraph 2.4 is made, or angles of uniform polygons.
c) linear and angular dimensions produced by machining assembled parts.
Table 2. Permissible deviations for broken edges (internal 3), external radii and chamfer heights)
Note: If general requirements according to AC-STD 1436 K have been stated, those requirements apply.
3) Internal radii and chamfer heights are not included in ISO 2768-1:1989, but within Atlas Copco it has been decided to do that.
For sharp corners in grooves, without radius dimension, max allowed radius is 0,2 mm. For other sharp corners, radius 0,4 mm is allowed.
4) In ISO 2768-1:1989 0,5 mm has been indicated as the smallest basic size in the table, and also that individual tolerances always must be
indicated for smaller basic sizes. However, within the Atlas Copco group, it has been decided that the indicated deviations are applicable
also for basic sizes smaller than 0,5 mm, in order to facilitate the interpretation of older drawings.
For new drawings, and for drawing modifications, it is recommended that, normally general, requirements according to AC-STD 1436 K
are indicated for edges, corners, and when required, also for radii.
Contacting line
45 ( Permissible deviations)
Actual lines
Contacting line
When selecting the tolerance class, the respective customary workshop accuracy has to be
taken into consideration. If smaller tolerances are required or larger tolerances are permissible
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and more economical for any individual feature, such tolerances should be indicated according
to AC-STD 4551 K.
General geometrical tolerances apply to all geometrical tolerance characteristics, excluding
cylindricity, profile of any line, profile of any surface, angularity, coaxiality, positional tolerances
and total run-out.
General geometrical tolerances in accordance with this standard should always be indicated.
2.4.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in AC-STD 4551 K and AC-STD 4552 K
apply.
2.4.2.2 Roundness
The general tolerance on roundness is equal to the numerical value of the diameter tolerance,
but in no case shall it be greater than the respective tolerance value for circular radial run-out
given in table 7, page 6. See also example in paragraph 2.4.4.2, page 8.
2.4.2.3 Cylindricity
General tolerances are not specified.
Note: The cylindricity deviation comprises three components: roundness deviation, straightness deviation and
parallelism deviation of opposite generator lines. Each of these components is controlled by its individually
indicated tolerance or its general tolerance.
If, for functional reasons, the cylindricity deviation has to be smaller than the combined effect (see paragraph
2.4.4.3) of the general tolerances on roundness, straightness and parallelism, an individual cylindricity tolerance
in accordance with AC-STD 4551 K should be indicated for the feature concerned.
In some cases, e.g. in the case of a fit, the indication of the envelope requirement is appropriate, see
paragraph 4.5, page 17
2.4.3.1 Parallelism
The general tolerance on parallelism is equal to the numerical value of the size tolerance or the
flatness/straightness tolerance, whichever is greater. The longer of the two features shall be
taken as the datum. If the features are of equal nominal length, either may be taken as the
datum, see paragraph 2.4.4.4, page 8.
2.4.3.2 Perpendicularity
The general tolerances on perpendicularity are given in table 5. The longer of the two sides
forming the right angle shall be taken as the datum. If the sides are of equal nominal length,
either may be taken as the datum.
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Table 5. General tolerances on perpendicularity.
Perpendicularity tolerances for ranges of nominal lengths of
Tolerance class the shorter side
100 >100300 >3001000 >10003000
H 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5
K 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
L 0,6 1 1,5 2
2.4.3.3 Symmetry
The general tolerances on symmetry are given in table 6. The longer of the two features shall
be taken as the datum. If the features are of equal nominal length, either may be taken as the
datum.
Note: The general tolerances on symmetry apply where at least one of the two features has a median plane,
or the axes of the two features are perpendicular to each other.
Note: Note: When changing an old tolerance class, see paragraph 5 page 17, symmetry tolerances
according to AC-STD 4551 K (ISO 1101:2004) may be required for some dimensions.
5) For all drawings with drawing owner TOO the general tolerance for symmetry is 0,2 mm, unless otherwise
indicated.
2.4.3.4 Coaxiality
General tolerances are not specified.
Note: The deviation in coaxiality may, in extreme cases, be as great as the tolerance value for circular radial run-out
given in table 7, since the deviation in radial run-out comprises the deviation in coaxiality and the deviation in
roundness.
2.4.4 Examples
2.4.4.1 General
According to the principle of independency (AC-STD 4555 K) general geometrical tolerances
apply independently of the actual local size of the work-piece features. Accordingly, the general
geometrical tolerances may be used even if the features are at their maximum material size
everywhere, see figure 2 below.
If the envelope requirement (AC-STD 4555 K) is individually indicated adjacent to the feature
or generally to all features of size as described in paragraph 4.5, page 17, this requirement
should also be complied with.
2.4.4.2 Roundness
See figure 3 and 4. (See also paragraph 2.4.2.2, page 5.)
In figure 3, the permissible deviation of the diameter is indicated directly on the drawing. The
general tolerance on roundness is equal to the numerical value of the diameter tolerance, since
the value in table 7, page 6 is larger.
Indication on the drawing Roundness tolerance zone
AC-STD 1350 K -K
Figure 3. Example of general tolerance on roundness.
In figure 4, the permissible deviation of the diameter is according to the general tolerance for
AC-STD 1350 K mK. The permissible deviations for the diameter of 25 mm are 0,2 mm.
These deviations lead to the numerical value of 0,4 mm, which is greater than the value of 0,2
mm given in table 7, page 6. The value of 0,2 mm, therefore, applies for the roundness
tolerance.
Indication on the drawing Roundness tolerance zone
2.4.4.3 Cylindricity
The combined effect of the general tolerances of roundness, straightness and parallelism is, for
geometrical reasons, smaller than the sum of the three tolerances since there is also a certain
limitation by the size tolerance. However, in order to decide whether the envelope requirement
or an individual cylindricity tolerance is to be indicated, the sum of the three tolerances can
be taken into account.
2.4.4.4 Parallelism
Depending on the shapes of the deviations of the features, the parallelism deviation is limited by
the numerical value of the size tolerance, see figure 5, or by the numerical value of the
straightness or flatness tolerances, see figure 6.
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Date Edition Page
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1)
Note: The tolerances shown in chain thin dashed lines (boxes and circles) are general tolerances. These tolerance
values would be automatically achieved by machining in a workshop with a customary accuracy equal to or
finer than AC-STD 1350 K -mH and would not normally require to be inspected.
As some tolerances also limit the deviations of other characteristics of the same feature, e. g. the perpendicularity
tolerance also limits the straightness deviations, not all general tolerances are shown in the interpretations above.
3.1 General
In order to be able to interpret dimensioning, symbols, etc. on a drawing, it is necessary that
references are made to the applied standards. Those references may be very extensive,
making it more difficult to read the drawing. Therefore, a list of general standard references has
been added to this standard.
When other standards than those listed below are applied, a reference to those standards must
always be made, if the standard documents are needed for interpretation of the stated
requirements.
Note: If all required dimensions, etc. in a standard have been stated on the drawing, a reference to the applied standard
is normally not necessary.
External standards (ISO, DIN, etc.) are available or can be ordered for use within the Atlas
Copco Group via database External Standards 2.0 - GSD. Because of licence agreements,
external standards must not be placed at disposal by Atlas Copco to subsuppliers.
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Standards STANDARD en 1350 K
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Date Edition Page
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3.1.2 ISO compared to AC-STD
Earlier, Atlas Copco internal standards (AC-STD) were always created, when required. They still
exist to a large extent, and are mainly based on international standards (ISO). There also exist
Atlas Copco standards without any connection to external standards.
Today, the ambition is, to a higher degree, to apply external standards directly. When required
external standards, preferably ISO, can be endorsed through simplified Atlas Copco standards,
containing comments about application, additions, exclusions, etc.
3.2.2 Text
ISO AC-STD Comments
3098-0 1212 K No informative divergences. Lettering - General requirements
3098-2 1212 K No informative divergences. Latin alphabet
3098-3 Greek alphabet
3098-4 Diacritical and particular marks for the latin alphabet
3098-5 CAD lettering of the latin alphabet
3098-6 Cyrillic alphabet
1213 K Writing rules
3.2.7 Symbols
ISO AC-STD Comments
701 Gears - Symbols for geometrical data
1043-1 2051 K No informative divergences. Plastics - Symbols
1219-1 1280 K No informative divergences. Symbols for fluid diagrams
3952-1 -
Kinematic diagrams
3952-4
5784-1 -
Symbols for fluid diagrams, logic functions
5784-3
81714-1 Design of graphical symbols
Castings. System of
8062 6131 K dimensional tolerances and
machining allowances
Note: For ISO tolerance classes (f, m, c, v), see table 1-3, page 3-4
Note: In this case the general tolerances for right angles (90), paragraph 2.3, do not apply, because paragraph 2.4
specifies general tolerances on perpendicularity.
For ISO tolerance classes (f, m, c, v and H, K, L ), see table 1 - 7, page 3 - 6.
Note: For ISO tolerance classes (H, K, L), see table 4 - 7, page 5 - 6.
Figure 10.
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Department
Date Edition Page
2008-08-22 10 19 (19)
5.4 Old methods of indication