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1
Mole Concept
1.1 Laws of Chemical Combinations
1.1.1 Law of Conservation of Mass (Lavoisier)
Mass cannot be created or destroyed. In any physical or chemical process, the total
mass of the system remain conserved. This law is not applicable to the nuclear
processes, where mass and energy are inter-conversable by the Einsteins equation,
E = Dmc2, (c is the speed of light).
Example 2 When a mixture of aluminium powder and iron (III) oxide is ignited, it produced
molten iron and aluminium oxide. In an experiment, 5.40 g of aluminium was mixed with
18.50 g of iron (III) oxide. At the end of the reaction, the mixture contained 11.17 g of iron,
10.20 g of aluminium oxide, and an undetermined amount of unreacted iron (III) oxide. No
aluminium was left. What is the mass of the iron (III) oxide left?
Solution From the conservation of mass, the total mass of the reaction system should be
conserved. Hence,
total mass of Al and Iron (III) oxide taken = total mass of iron and aluminium
oxide formed + the mass of Iron (III) oxide left
or, 5.40 + 18.50 = 11.17 + 10.20 + mass of Iron (III) oxide left
\ Mass of Iron (III) oxide left = 2.53 g
Example 5 One litre of milk weighs 1.035 kg. The butter fat present in it occupies 4% of its
volume. If the density of fat is 875 kg/m3, what is the density of fat free skimmed milk?
Solution The total mass of milk = mass of fat + mass of fat free skimmed milk
or, mmilk = (V.d)fat + (V.d)fat free milk
1.035 kg = `1 L # 4 j # c m `1 L # 96 j # c m
875 kg d kg
or,
100 1000 L 100 1000 L
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 3
Example 6 105 g water is saturated with ammonia gas to form a solution of density
0.9375 g/mL and containing 30% ammonia, by mass. What is the volume of solution
formed?
Solution The solution contains 30% ammonia and hence, from mass conservation, the
rest 70% will be water. It means that 100 g of solution contains 70 g water.
70 g water results 100 g solution
100
\ 105 g water will result 105 = 150 g solution.
70
m 150 g
Now, the volume of solution formed, V = = = 160 mL
d 0.9375 g/mL
Example 7 A nugget of gold and quartz weighs 100 g. The densities of gold, quartz and
the nugget are 19.3, 2.65 and 6.4 g/mL, respectively. Determine the weight of gold in the
nugget.
Solution Let 100 g of the nugget contains x g gold. Then, the rest (100 x) g will be
quartz. Now, as the nugget is a mixture of solids, the volume of nugget may be assumed as
sum of volumes of gold and quartz present in it.
Vnugget = Vgold + Vquartz
100 x (100 - x )
or, = +
6.4 19.3 2.65
\ Mass of gold present, x = 67.92 g
Example 8 A clay sample contains 50% silica and 12% water. The sample is dried
partially. If the partially dried clay contains 7% water, what will be the percentage of silica
in it?
Solution On drying, the loss will occur only in the mass of water present. The mass
composition of silica and all other contents present should be constant. It means that
mass % of silica mass % of silica
=
mass % of other contents original clay mass % of other contents partially dried clay
50 x
or, =
100 - (50 12) 100 - ( x 7)
or, percentage of silica in partially dried clay, x = 52.84%
Example 9 The following are results of analysis of two samples of the same or two different
compounds of phosphorus and chlorine. From these results, decide whether the two samples
are from the same or different compounds. Also state the law, which will be obeyed by the
given samples.
Compound Amount P Amount Cl
Compound A 1.156 g 3.971 g
Compound B 1.542 g 5.297 g
Example 10 Two oxide samples of lead were heated in the current of hydrogen and were
reduced to the metallic lead. The following data were obtained
(i) Weight of yellow oxide taken = 3.45 g; Loss in weight in reduction = 0.24 g
(ii) Weight of brown oxide taken = 1.227 g; Loss in weight in reduction = 0.16 g.
Show that the data illustrates the law of multiple proportion.
Solution When the oxide of lead is reduced in the current of hydrogen, metallic lead is
formed. Definitely, the loss in weight in reduction is due to removal of the oxygen present
in the oxide, to combine with the hydrogen. Therefore, the composition of the yellow
oxide is:
oxygen = 0.24 g and lead = 3.45 0.24 = 3.21 g.
m 3.21 13.375
The mass ratio of lead and oxygen, r1 = Pb = =
mO 0.24 1.000
and the composition of the brown oxide is:
oxygen = 0.16 g and lead = 1.227 0.16 = 1.067 g.
mPb 1.067 6.669
The mass ratio of lead and oxygen, r2 = = =
mO 0.16 1.000
Now, r1 : r2 = 13.375:6.669 = 2 : 1 (simple ratio) and hence, the data illustrates the
law of multiple proportion.
Note: You may also solve the problem by taking hydrogen or oxygen as the third element.
Try yourself.
All the volumes are measured at the same pressure and temperature. Show that the data
illustrates Gay Lussacs law of volume combination.
Solution Vhydrocarbon : Voxygen : Vcarbon dioxide : Vwater vapour = 2.5 : 12.5 : 7.5 : 10.0
= 1 : 5 : 3 : 4 (simple ratio)
Hence, the data is according to the law of volume combination.
1.3.6 The atomic weight of most of the element is fractional due to the presence of
isotopes. The average atomic weight of an element may be calculated from its
isotopic composition as
Example 16 The specific gravity of the stainless steel spherical balls used in ball-bearings
are 10.2. How many iron atoms are present in each ball of diameter 1 cm if the balls
contain 84% iron, by mass? The atomic mass of iron is 56.
4 3 4 1
Solution Volume of a ball = pr = 3.14 ( cm)3 = 0.523 cm3
3 3 2
V d = 0.523 cm3 10.2 g.cm3 = 5.33 g
Mass of a ball =
84
Mass of iron present in a ball = 5.33 = 4.48 g
100
wt. (in gm)
\ No. of iron atoms = NA
gm. at. wt.
4.48
= (6.023 1023) = 4.82 1022
56
Example 17 Morphine contains 67.3% carbon, 4.6% nitrogen (by mass) and remaining
are the other constituents. Calculate the relative number of carbon and nitrogen atoms in
morphine.
Solution Let there is 100 g morphine. Then the masses of carbon and nitrogen present
are 67.3 and 4.6 g, respectively. Now,
w 67.3
NA NA
No. of C-atoms A C 12 17
= = =
No. of N-atoms w 4.6 1
NA NA
A N 14
8 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
Example 18 The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL. Calculate the diameter of an atom of
mercury assuming that each atom of mercury is occupying a cube of edge length equal to
the diameter of the mercury atom. (Hg = 200)
Solution Let the diameter of the mercury atom as well as the edge length of cube is lcm.
Now,
the volume of one atom = volume of cube = (l cm)3
mass of one atom
or, = (l cm)3
density 1/3
200 1.66 10-24
or, l = cm = 2.9108 cm
13.6
Example 19 Calculate the number of neutrons present in 7 mg of C14.
Solution No. of neutrons in one C14-atom = mass no. atomic no. = 14 6 = 8
wt. (in gm) 7 10-3
and no. of atoms = NA = (6.0231023) = 3.0115
gm. at. wt 14
1020
\ Total number of neutrons present = 8 (3.0115 1020) = 2.409 1021
10 5.9456 90 6.9832
= = 6.8794
100
Example 23 K40 is one of the few naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of elements of
low atomic number. Its percent natural abundance is 0.012%. How many K40 atoms do you
ingest by drinking one cup of whole milk containing 370 mg K? Average atomic weight of
K = 39.
wt. (in gm)
Solution No. of K-atoms = NA
gm. at. wt.
370 10-3
= (6.0231023) = 5.7141018
39
0.012
\ No. of K40-atoms = (5.7141018) = 6.8571014
100
Example 24 A sample of oxygen contains only O16 and O18 atoms in 4000:1 atomic ratio.
Calculate the average neutrons per oxygen atom?
total neutrons
Solution Average neutrons per atom =
total atoms
4000 (16 - 8) 1 (18 - 8)
= = 8.0005
4000 1
Solution
wt. (in gm) 2.45
(a) No. of g-molecules = = = 0.025
gm mol. wt. 98
no. of molecules 3.0115 1024
(b) No. of g-molecules = = =5
NA 6.0231023
x).
1.5 Mole
1.5.1 The term mole is S.I. unit to represent the quantity of any substance. One mole of
any substance contains same number of particles of that kind as the number of
atoms present in exactly 12 g of C-12 isotope.
For example,
1 mole atom = NA atoms (it is also called 1 g-atom)
1 mole molecule = NA molecules (it is also called 1 g-molecule)
1 mole ions = NA ions (it is also called 1 g-ion)
Mole can be used to represent the quantity of any substance like atom, molecule,
ion, rupee, etc. As these are the molecules, which have independent existence,
the term mole is mainly used for molecules and hence, mole normally appears as
g-molecule. The working formula for determination of mole will be similar to the
determination of g-molecule.
1.5.2 For gases, the amount may also be expressed in terms of pressure (p), volume (V)
and temperature (T) in place of weight or mole (n). These physical quantities are
related by ideal or perfect gas equation as
pV = nRT
where R = Universal gas constant
= 0.082 L-atm/K-mol
= 8.314 J/K-mol
2 cal/K-mol
Units of Pressure and their Relation
1 atm = 76 cm of Hg
= 760 mm of Hg
= 760 torr (1 torr = 1mm of Hg)
= 1.013 106 dyne/cm2
= 1.013 105 N/m2or Pa
= 1.013 bar (1 bar = 105 Pa)
14 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 15
Example 41 The volume of one mole of water at 4C is 18 mL. One mL of water contains
20 drops. How many molecules are present in one drop of water?
1
Solution Volume of a drop of water = = 0.05 mL
20
Mass of a drop of water = V d = 0.05 1 = 0.05 g
(Density of water is given as 1 g/mL, as 1 mole of water, i.e., 18 g occupy 18 mL)
0.05
Number of moles of water present in a drop =
18
0.05
\ Number of water molecules present in a drop = (6.023 1023)
18
= 1.67 1021
Example 44 0.11 g of a colourless oxide of nitrogen occupies 41 mL at 27C and 1.5 atm.
Identify the oxide.
w
Solution The ideal gas equation is pV = nRT = RT
M
wRT 0.11 0.082 (27 273)
\ M = = = 44
pV 1.5 (41 10-3 )
Now, let the formula of oxide is NxOy. Its molecular weight will be 14x + 16y.
But from calculation it is 44. By hit and trial method, x = 2, y = 1 and hence, the
formula of oxide is N2O.
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 17
Example 45 One molecule of haemoglobin will combine with four molecules of oxygen.
If 1.0 g of haemoglobin combines with 1.53 mL of oxygen at body temperature (37C) and a
pressure of 743 torr, what is the molar mass of haemoglobin?
pV
Solution Mole of oxygen combined with haemoglobin, n =
RT
743 1.53
760 1000
= = 5.88105
0.082 (37 273)
4 molecules of oxygen combine with 1 molecule of haemoglobin
or, 4 mole of oxygen combine with 1 mole of haemoglobin
1
\ 5.88 105 mole of oxygen will combine with (5.88105)
4
= 1.47105 mole of haemoglobin
But from question, haemoglobin combined should be 1.0 g.
Now, w = n M
w 1
or, molecular weight of haemoglobin, M = = = 68027.21
n 1.47 10-5
Example 46 Calculate the density of nitrogen gas at STP (1 atm and 0C).
Solution Density of any substance is independent to its amount and hence, density may
be calculated by taking any amount of the matter. Let, we have 1 mole of nitrogen gas. Its
weight will be 28 g and volume will be 22.4 L at STP (1 atm and 0C).
w 28 g
\ Density, d = = = 1.25 g/L
V 22.4 L
Alternate method
pM 1 28
Density, d = = = 1.25 g/L
RT 0.082 273
Example 47 The density of a gaseous substance is 1.5 (C2H6 = 1). Calculate the volume
occupied by 9.0 g of the gaseous substance at STP (1 atm and 0C).
d
Solution From question, substance = 1.5
dC2H6
But the ratio of densities is equal to the ratio of their molecular weights and
hence,
Example 48 The density of mercury vapour is 6.92 with respect to air. If the average molar
mass of air is 29 g/mol, what is the atomicity of mercury in vapour state? (Hg=200)
Solution Let the atomicity of mercury in vapour state is x. Its molecular formula may
be expressed as Hgx.
18 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
dHg x
From question, = 6.92
dair
M Hg x
or, = 6.92
M air
200 x
or, = 6.92
29
\ Atomicity, x 1 (as it can never be fractional)
Example 49 A gaseous mixture of SO3 and SO2 contain 40% SO3, by mole. What is the
percentage of SO3 in the mixture, by mass?
Solution Let we have 100 mole of the mixture. Then, it will contain 40 mole SO3 and
rest (100 40) = 60 mole SO2.
Now, mass of SO3 present = n M = 40 80 = 3200 g
and mass of SO2 present = n M = 60 64 = 3840 g
\ Total mass of mixture = 3200 + 3840 = 7040 g
3200
Hence, mass percent of SO3 = 100 = 45.45%
7040
Example 50 A gaseous mixture contains 4 g oxygen and 14 g nitrogen. What is the average
molecular weight of the mixture?
Solution nmix = nO2 + nN2
w w w
or, = +
M mix M O2 M N2
4 14 4 14
or, = +
M mix 32 28
\ Mmix = 28.8
Example 51 The vapour density of a gaseous mixture of N2O4 and NO2 is 40. How many
moles of NO2 are present in (a) 100 mole of mixture (b) 100 g of mixture?
Solution
(a) Let the mole of NO2 in 100 moles of mixture is x.
Then, the mole of N2O4 = 100 x
Now, mmix = mNO2 + mN2O4
or, (n M)mix = ( n M )NO2 + ( n M )N2O4
or, 100 (40 2) = x 46 + (100 x) 92
\ Mole of NO2, x = 26.09
(b) Let the mass of NO2 in 100 g of mixture is y g.
Then, the mass of N2O4 = (100 y) g
Now, nmix = nNO2 + mN2O4
w w w
or, = +
M mix M NO2 M N2O4
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 19
100 y 100 - y
or, = +
2 40 46 92
\ mass of NO2, y = 15 g
15
And mole of NO2 = = 0.326
46
Alternate Method
After solving part A, part B may also be solved easily as:
100
Total moles of the mixture = = 1.25
80
Let the moles of NO2 in the mixture is z, then the moles of N2O4 in the mixture
= (1.25 z)
Now, mmix = mNO2 + mN2O4
or, 100 = z 46 + (1.25 z) 92
Hence, moles of NO2, z = 0.326
Note: Any problem of non-reacting gaseous mixture may be solved by applying mass and
mole conservations.
Example 52 The molecular weight of a sample of PCl5 is found to be 180. What is the
degree of dissociation of PCl5 into PCl3 and Cl2?
M0 - M
Solution Degree of dissociation, a =
( n -1)M
Here, M0 = M PCl = 1 31 + 5 35.5 = 208.5
5
53.33 3.33
O 100 (40 + 6.67) 16 = 3.33 =1
= 53.33 16 3.33
Hence,
10.5
91.84
Mole of C-atoms in 1 mole of hydrocarbon = 11.5 = 6.98 7
12
1
91.84
And mole of H-atoms in 1 mole of hydrocarbon = 11.5 = 7.98 8
1
\ Molecular formula of hydrocarbon = C7H8
Example 66 A hydrated salt loses 36.4% water on heating and resulting anhydrous salt
has the following composition: Cu = 39.6%, S = 20.2%, O = 40.2%. Calculate the simplest
formula of anhydrous and hydrated salt. (Cu = 63.5)
Solution The empirical formula of anhydrous salt may be determined directly as
39.6 20.2 40.2
NCu : NS : NO = NA : NA : NA 1 : 1 : 4
63.5 32 16
Hence, the simplest formula of anhydrous salt = CuSO4
Now, let the simplest formula of hydrated salt is CuSO4nH2O
From question, mass of water present in it = 36.4% of mass of salt
36.4
or, 18n = (63.5 + 32 + 4 16 + n 18)
100
or, n = 5.07 5
Hence, the simplest formula of hydrated salt = CuSO45H2O
Example 67 Thiophene is a liquid compound of the elements C, H and S. A sample of
thiophene weighing 7.96 mg was burned in oxygen, giving 16.65 mg CO2. Another sample
was subjected to a series of reactions that transformed all the sulphur in the compound to
barium sulphate. If 4.31 mg of thiophene gave 11.96 mg of barium sulphate, what is the
empirical formula of thiophene? Its molecular weight is 84. What is its molecular formula?
(Ba = 137)
12 16.65
Solution Percentage of carbon present in thiophene = 100 = 57.05%
44 7.96
32 11.96
Percentage of sulphur present in thiophene = 100 = 38.11%
233 4.31
and percentage of hydrogen = 100 (57.05 + 38.11) = 4.84%
57.05
84
\ Mole of C-atoms in 1 mole of thiophene = 100 = 3.99 4
12
38.11
84
Mole of S-atoms in 1 mole of thiophene = 100 =1
32
4.84
84
and mole of H-atoms in 1 mole of thiophene = 100 = 4.06 4
1
\ Molecular formula of thiophene = C4H4S. It will also be the empirical formula.
26 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
Example 68 Carbohydrates are compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
only having the atomic ratio of H : O = 2 : 1. When heated in the absence of air, these
compounds decompose to form carbon and water.
(a) If 310 g of the carbohydrate leave a residue of 124 g of C, what is the empirical
formula of the carbohydrate?
(b) If 0.0833 mole of the carbohydrate contains 1.00 g hydrogen, what is its molecular
formula?
Solution (a) Let the empirical formula of carbohydrate is CxH2yOy. Its empirical formula
weight is 12x + 18y.
(12x + 18y) g carbohydrate should leave a residue of 12x g carbon
12 x
\ 310 g carbohydrate should contain 310 g carbon
12 x 18 y
12 x
But from question, 310 = 124
12 x 18 y
or, x : y = 1 : 1
\ Empirical formula of carbohydrate = CH2O
(b) Now, let the molecular formula of carbohydrate = (CH2O)n
1 mole of carbohydrate contains 2n 1 = 2n g hydrogen
2n
\ 0.0833 mole carbohydrate will contain 0.0833 g hydrogen
1
But from question, 2n 0.0833 = 1
or, n = 6
\ Molecular formula of carbohydrate = C6H12O6
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 27
Exercise 1
(Subjective Questions)
1. When chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of sodium bromide, the sodium bromide
reacts to give bromine, a red-brown liquid, and sodium chloride (ordinary table salt).
A solution was made by dissolving 20.6 g of sodium bromide in 100.0 g of water.
After passing chlorine through the solution, investigators analyzed the mixture. It
contained 16.0 g of bromine and 11.7 g of sodium chloride. How many grams of
chlorine reacted?
2. The mass of a sample of gold (specific gravity = 19.3) is 1.93 mg. It may be converted
into a transparent sheet of area 14.5 cm2, by hammering. What will be the average
thickness of the sheet?
3. Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, can be purified by dissolving it in hot water (60C),
filtering to remove the insoluble impurities, cooling to 0C to precipitate solid
NaHCO3, and then filtering to remove the solid, leaving soluble impurities in solution.
Any NaHCO3 that remains in the solution is not recovered. The solubility of NaHCO3
in hot water at 60C is 164 g/L. Its solubility in cold water at 0C is 69g/L. What is the
percentage yield of NaHCO3 when it is purified by this method?
4. A porous catalyst has an internal surface area of 800 m2 per cm3 of bulk material.
Fifty percent of the bulk volume consists of the pores (holes), while the other 50% of
the volume is made of solid substance. Assume that the pores are cylindrical tubules
of uniform diameter, d, and length, l, and that the measured surface area is the total
area of the curved surfaces of the tubules. What is the diameter of the pores?
5. There is available 10 tons of a coal sample containing 2.5% sulphur. Two coal samples
containing 0.8% and 1.1% sulphur are also available. How many tons of each of the
later two samples should be mixed with the original 10 tons to give 20 tons sample
containing 1.7% sulphur?
6. Antarctica, almost completely cover in ice, has an area of 1.51013 m2 with an
average height of 2250 m. With out the ice, the height would be only 450 m. Estimate
the mass of this ice. The density of ice is 0.917 g/cm3.
7. Cobalt (II) sulphate heptahydrate has pink-colored crystals. When heated carefully,
it produces cobalt (II) sulphate monohydrate, which has red crystals. What are
the formulas of these hydrates? If 3.548 g of the heptahydrate yields 2.184 g of
the monohydrate, how many gram of the anhydrous cobalt (II) sulphate could be
obtained?
8. LSD is a complex compound whose mass is made up of 74.27% carbon, 7.79%
hydrogen, 12.99% nitrogen and 4.95% oxygen. What percent of the atoms in LSD are
carbon atoms?
9. Element X reacts with oxygen to produce a compound of formula X2O5. In an
experiment, it is found that 2.0769 g of pure X produce 3.7076 g of pure X2O5. Using
the known atomic weight of oxygen, calculate the atomic weight of X.
28 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
10. On electrolysis of an aqueous solution of cupric ion, the following reaction takes
place at the cathode: Cu2+ + 2e $ Cu. 1.93 105 Coulombs is needed to
deposit one gram atomic weight of copper. Given the clue that an electron carries
1.61019 Coulombs, calculate the number of atoms in one gram atomic weight of
copper.
11. While making silver ornaments, a certain amount of copper is added in the silver to
obtain the desired properties. A silver ornament contains 1.0 1010 copper atoms
per cubic centimeter. What relative masses of silver and copper wire mixed to make
the ornament? Density of pure silver is 10.5 g/mL. (Cu = 63.5, Ag = 108)
12. The density of a metal of atomic weight 55 is 7.50 g/mL. Assuming that the atoms are
spherical, calculate its atomic radius.
13. Does 1 g of all the element contains nucleons equal to the Avogadros number?
14. Hydrogen sulphide is a gas with the odour of rotten eggs. The gas can sometimes be
detected in automobile exhaust. It is a compound of hydrogen and sulphur in the
atomic ratio 2 : 1. A sample of hydrogen sulphide contains 0.587 g H and 9.330 g S.
What is the atomic mass of S relative to H?
15. An oxide of nitrogen has molecular weight 92. Find out the total number of electrons
in one mole of the oxide.
16. If the volume occupied in the crystal by one formula unit of NaCl is
4.710-23ml, calculate the volume of a crystal weighing 1.17 g.
17. Assume that a polyethylene chain is truly linear. If a polymer chain had a molecular
weight of 1 106, what will be the length of one polyethylene molecule? A carbon-
carbon single bond length is 154 pm.
18. 0.315 g of a substance when introduced into a Hofmanns tube generated 128.5mL
of vapour at 30C, the level of Hg inside being 430 mm higher than outside the
tube, and the barometer reading was 758 mm, calculate the molecular weight of the
substance.
19. 0.607 g of a silver salt of a tribasic organic acid was quantitatively reduced to 0.370g
of pure silver. Calculate the molecular weight of the acid. (Ag = 108)
20. 0.532 g of the chloroplatinate of a diacidic base left 0.195 g of residue of Pt on ignition.
Calculate molecular weight of the base. (Pt = 195)
21. Avogadro noted that two volumes of hydrogen combine with one volume of oxygen to
form two volumes of water vapour. He also gave the density of water vapour relative
to that of air as 0.625 and hydrogen as 0.0732 (in units in which air had unit density).
Use this information and Avogadros principle to compute the molar masses of water
vapour and oxygen relative to that of hydrogen.
22. A sample of ammonia contains only H1and H2 isotopes of hydrogen in 4 : 1 ratio
and N14 and N15 isotopes of nitrogen in 3 : 1 ratio. How many neutrons are present in
1.785 mg ammonia?
23. At 343 K and 755 mm pressure, 0.246 g of N2O4 gave 120.5 mL vapour. Calculate the
apparent molecular weight and degree of dissociation of the gas.
24. A gaseous mixture contains 40% H2 and 60% He, by volume. Calculate the total
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 29
5.9316 g. What is the correct molecular formula of the borane? (B= 10.8)
47. Cupric ammonium sulphate was found to contain 27.03% water of crystallisation.
Upon strongly heating it gave cupric oxide corresponding to 19.89% of starting mass.
Find the empirical formula of cupric ammonium sulphate. (Cu = 63.5)
48. A hydrated calcium phosphate contained 7.14% water of crystallisation. The molar
mass of this phosphate is 252.2. The percentage is 15.18% Ca, 24.6% P, 2.4% H and
57.11% O. What is the molecular formula of the phosphate?
49. There are 20 amino acids that are building blocks of proteins. The amino acid histidine
is known to contain only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. The composition by
weight of histidine is 46.45% C; 5.85% H; 27.08% N. What is the empirical formula of
histidine?
50. A 2.5 g sample of uranium was heated in the air. The resulting oxide weighed 2.949g.
Determine the empirical formula of the oxide. (U = 238)
32 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
Exercise 2
(Objective Questions)
Section I
(Only One Correct Option)
1. Two elements X (atomic mass 16) and Y (atomic mass 14) combine to form compounds
A, B and C. The ratio of different masses of Y which combines with a fixed mass of X
in A, B and C is 1 : 3 : 5. If 32 parts by mass of X combines with 84 parts by mass of
Y in B, then in C, 16 parts by mass of X will combine with ......... parts by mass of Y.
(A) 14 (B) 42
(C) 70 (D) 84
2. Law of definite proportion does not apply to nitrogen oxide because
(A) atomic weight of nitrogen is not constant
(B) molecular weight of nitrogen is variable
(C) equivalent weight of nitrogen is variable
(D) atomic weight of oxygen is variable
3. In a textile mill, a double-effect evaporator system concentrates weak liquor
containing 4% (by weight) caustic soda to produce a lye containing 25% solids
(by weight). Calculate the weight of the water evaporate per 100 kg feed in the
evaporator.
(A) 125.0 g (B) 50.0 kg
(C) 84.0 kg (D) 16.0 kg
4. Zinc ore (zinc sulphide) is treated with sulphuric acid, leaving a solution with some
undissolved bits of material and releasing hydrogen sulphide gas. If 10.8 g of zinc ore
is treated with 50.0 mL of sulphuric acid (density 1.153 g/mL), 65.1 g of solution and
undissolved material remains. In addition, hydrogen sulphide (density 1.393g/L) is
evolved. What is the volume (in litres) of this gas?
(A) 4.3 (B) 3.35
(C) 4.67 (D) 2.40
5. A sample of an ethanolwater solution has a volume of 54.2 cm3 and a mass of
49.6g. What is the percentage of ethanol (by mass) in the solution? (Assume that
there is no change in volume when the pure compounds are mixed.) The density of
ethanol is 0.80 g/cm3 and that of water is 1.00 g/cm3.
(A) 18.4% (B) 37.1%
(C) 33.95% (D) 31.2%
6. Zinc metal reacts with yellow crystals of sulphur in a fiery reaction to produce a
white powder of zinc sulphide. A chemist determines that 65.4 g of zinc reacts with
32.1 g of sulphur. How many grams of zinc sulphide could be produced from 20.0 g
of zinc metal?
(A) 29.8 g (B) 9.8 g
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 33
23. Two isotopes of an element Q are Q97 (23.4% abundance) and Q94 (76.6% abundance).
Q97 is 8.082 times heavier than C12 and Q94 is 7.833 times heavier than C12. What is
the average atomic weight of the element Q?
(A) 94.702 (B) 78.913
(C) 96.298 (D) 94.695
24. The element silicon makes up 25.7% of the earths crust by weight, and is the second
most abundant element, with oxygen being the first. Three isotopes of silicon occur
in nature: Si28 (92.21%), which has an atomic mass of 27.97693 u; Si29 (4.70%), with
an atomic mass of 28.97649 u; and Si30 (3.09%), with an atomic mass of 29.97379 u.
What is the atomic weight of silicon?
(A) 28.0856 (B) 28.1088
(C) 28.8342 (D) 29.0012
25. The oxide of a metal contains 30% oxygen by weight. If the atomic ratio of metal and
oxygen is 2 : 3, determine the atomic weight of metal.
(A) 12 (B) 56
(C) 27 (D) 52
26. The mercury content of a stream was believed to be above the minimum considered
safe limit (1 part per billion by weight). An analysis indicated that the concentration
was 1.68 parts per billion. How many Hg atoms was present in 15 L of the water, the
density of which is 0.998 g/mL? (Hg = 200) ?
(A) 7.57 1013 (B) 7.57 1019
(C) 7.57 1016 (D) 5.37 1016
27. There are 2.6191022 atoms in 1.0 g of sodium. Assume that sodium atoms are
spheres of radius 0.186 nm and that they are lined up side by side. How many miles,
in length, is the line of sodium atoms?
(A) 9.74 1012 (B) 1.56 1010
(C) 1.44 10 9 (D) 6.089 109
28. Ammonia is a gas with a characteristic pungent odour. It is sold as a water solution
for use in household cleaning. The gas is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen in
the atomic ratio 1: 3. A sample of ammonia contains 7.933 g N and 1.712 g H. What
is the atomic mass of N relative to H?
(A) 14 (B) 27.80
(C) 13.90 (D) 14.10
29. The waste of nuclear power plant contains C12 and C14 in the ratio of 4:1 by moles.
What is the molecular weight of CH4 gas produced from this disposed waste? Given
abundance of C12 and C14 are 98% and 2%, respectively.
(A) 15.998 (B) 16.0053
(C) 16 (D) 16.4
30. Pheromones are a special type of compound secreted by the females of many insect
species to attract the males for mating. One pheromone has the molecular formula
C19H38O. Normally, the amount of this pheromone secreted by a female insect is
about 1 1012g. How many molecules are in this quantity?
(A) 1 1012 (B) 3.55 1015
(C) 2.135 109 (D) 6.023 1023
36 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
31. Molecular weight of dry air is
(A) less than moist air (B) greater than moist air
(C) equal to moist air (D) may be greater or less than moist air
32. At room temperature, the molar volume of hydrogen fluoride gas has a mass of about
50 g. The formula weight of hydrogen fluoride is 20. Gaseous hydrogen fluoride at
room temperature is therefore, probably a mixture of
(A) H2 and F2 (B) HF and H2F2
(C) HF and H2.5F2.5 (D) H2F2 and H3F3
33. The density of a DNA sample is 1.1 g/mL and its molar mass determined by cryoscopic
method was found to be 6 108 g/mol. What is the volume occupied by one DNA
molecule?
(A) 5.45 108 mL (B) 1.83 109 mL
16
(C) 9.06 10 mL (D) 1.09 1013 mL
34. The density of a plant virus is 1.66 g/cm3. If each virus particles are spheres of
diameter 6, the molecular weight of virus should be
(A) 36 p (B) 72 p
(C) 5.976 1023 p (D) 18 p
35. Total number of valence electrons present in 6.4 g peroxides ion (O22) is
(A) 0.2 NA (B) 3.2 NA
(C) 3.6 NA (D) 2.8 NA
36. A gaseous mixture contains 70% N2 and 30% unknown gas, by volume. If the average
molecular weight of gaseous mixture is 37.60, the molecular weight of unknown gas
is
(A) 42.2 (B) 60
(C) 40 (D) 50
37. A gaseous mixture contains CO2 and SO3. The average molecular weight of the
mixture may be
(A) 40 (B) 80
(C) 70 (D) 90
38. The number of F ions in 4.2 g AlF3 is
(A) 0.05 (B) 9.03 1022
22
(C) 3.01 10 (D) 0.15
39. If the atomic mass were given by as th part and molecular mass as 1 th part by
1
6 12
mass of one atom of C12 isotope, what would be the molecular mass of water? Atomic
masses of hydrogen and oxygen on new scale are, 1 and 16, respectively.
(A) 18 (B) 9
(C) 36 (D) unpredictable
40. Each molecule of a tear gas, Lewisite contains 2 hydrogen atoms, 1.78 1022 g
chlorine, 2 carbon atoms and 1.25 1022 g of an unknown metal. Its molecular
weight will be
(A) 195 (B) 208.5
(C) 280 (D) 188.3
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 37
60. 3.0 g of a solid compound produced 672 mL of a gas at STP (1 atm and 0C), on
strong heating. After the reaction the weight of the solid residue was 1.68 g. What is
the molecular weight of the gas obtained?
(A) 19.84 (B) 25.25
(C) 44 (D) 39.6
61. When a sample of hydrogen fluoride is cooled to 303K, most of the molecules
undergo dimerisation. If the vapour density of such a sample is 19, what percent of
hydrogen fluoride molecules are in dimer form? (F = 19)
(A) 94.7 (B) 89.9
(C) 97.3 (D) 5.3
62. 2.3 g of a mixture of NO2 and N2O4 has a pressure of 0.82 atm, at temperature TK in
a container of volume V litres such that the ratio, T : V is 300 : 1 in magnitude. What
is the degree of dissociation of N2O4?
(A) 0.17 (B) 0.33
(C) 0.67 (D) 0.70
63. 1 kg of each substance is taken. Which of them will have largest mass of nitrogen?
(A) KNO3 (B) NH3NO3
(C) (NH4)2HPO4 (D) HNO3
64. A 10 g sample of ore containing 2.8 g of HgS. What is the percentage of mercury in
the ore? (Hg = 200, S = 32)
(A) 24.1 (B) 29.01
(C) 28 (D) 39
65. The mineral haematite is Fe2O3. Haematite ore contains unwanted material called
gangue in addition to Fe2O3. If 5 kg of ore contains 2.78 kg of Fe, what percentage of
ore is gangue? (Fe = 56)
(A) 55.6% (B) 44.4%
(C) 20.6% (D) 79.4%
66. The hydrated salt Na2SO4nH2O undergoes 559% loss in weight on heating and
becomes anhydrous. The value of n will be
(A) 5 (B) 3
(C) 7 (D) 10
67. The commonly used pain reliever, aspirin, has the molecular formula C9H8O4. If a
sample of aspirin contains 0.968 g of carbon, what is the mass of hydrogen in the
sample?
(A) 0.717 g (B) 0.0717 g
(C) 8.000 g (D) 0.645 g
68. For CuSO45H2O, which is the correct mole relationship?
(A) 9 mole of Cu = mole of O
(B) 5 mole of Cu = mole of O
(C) 9 mole of Cu = mole of O2
(D) mole of Cu = 5 mole of O
40 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
69. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the main nutrients in plant
fertilizers. According to an industry convention, the numbers on the label refer
to the mass percent of N, P2O5 and K2O, in that order. What is N : P : K ratio of
a 30 : 10 : 10 fertilizer in terms of moles of atoms of each element, expressed as
x:y:1.0 ? (N=14, P = 31, K = 39)
(A) 10 : 0.66 : 1.0 (B) 20 : 0.66 : 1.0
(C) 8.4 : 1.3 : 1.0 (D) 16.8 : 1.3 : 1.0
70. Chloroflurocarbons such as CCl3F (M = 137.5) and CCl2F2 (M = 121) have been
linked to ozone depletion in Antartica. As of 2004, these gases were found in 275
and 605 parts per trillion (1012), by volume. What are the concentrations of these
gases under conditions typical of Antartic stratosphere (200 K and 0.05 atm)?
(A) [CCl3F] = 8.38 1013 mol L1, [CCl2F2] = 1.84 1012 mol L1
(B) [CCl3F] = 2.00 1012 mol L1, [CCl2F2] = 5.00 1012 mol L1
(C) [CCl3F] = 2.00 109 mol L1, [CCl2F2] = 5.00 109 mol L1
(D) [CCl3F] = 6.56 107 mol L1, [CCl2F2] = 1.64 108mol L1
71. Caffeine has a molecular mass of 194. If it contains 28.9% by mass of nitrogen,
number of atoms of nitrogen in one molecule of caffeine is
(A) 4 (B) 6
(C) 2 (D) 3
72. A certain mixture of MnO and MnO2 contains 66.67 mol % of MnO. What is the
approximate weight percent of Mn in it? (Mn = 55)
(A) 66.67 (B) 33.33
(C) 72 (D) 28
73. A compound contains 36% carbon by weight. If each molecule contains two carbon
atoms, the number of moles of compound in its 10 g is
(A) 66.67 (B) 0.15
(C) 0.30 (D) 0.60
74. What will be percentage concentration of a solution that is obtained by mixing 300g
of 25% solution of NaCl with 150 g of 40% solution of NaCl? All percentage are mass
percentages.
(A) 25% (B) 30%
(C) 35% (D) 40%
75. In the Dumas method, 0.2 g of an organic nitrogenous compound gave 27 mL of N2
(volume reduced to 1 atm and 0C). What is the percentage of nitrogen by weight in
the compound?
(A) 16.9 (B) 19.6
(C) 33.1 (D) 13.3
76. 0.2 g of an organic compound containing, C, H and O, on combustion yielded 0.147g
CO2and 0.12 g water. The percentage of oxygen in it is
(A) 73.29% (B) 78.45%
(C) 83.23% (D) 89.50%
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 41
77. Haemoglobin of a blood corpuscle contains 0.33% iron. The molecular weight of
haemoglobin was found to be 67000 g. What is the number of iron atoms present in
each molecule of haemoglobin? (Atomic weight of Iron = 56)
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5
78. The empirical formula of an organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen is
CH2. The mass of one litre of this organic gas is exactly equal to that of one litre of
nitrogen, under identical conditions. Therefore, the molecular formula of the organic
gas is
(A) C2H4 (B) C3H6
(C) C6H12 (D) C4H8
79. 60 g of an organic compound has 24 g carbon and rest hydrogen and oxygen. The
empirical formula of the compound is
(A) C2H8O2 (B) C2H4O
(C) CH4O (D) CH2O
80. A hydride of silicon prepared by the reaction of Mg2Si with acid exerted a pressure
of 306 torr of 299 K, in a bulb of capacity 57 mL. If the mass of the hydride was
0.0861g, what is its molecular formula? (Si = 28)
(A) SiH4 (B) Si2H6
(C) Si3H8 (D) Si3H6
81. A compound have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 3 : 3 : 1 atomic ratio. If the
number of moles in 1 g of the compound is 6.06 10-3, the molecular formula of
the compound will be
(A) C3H3O (B) C6H6O2
(C) C9H9O3 (D) C12H12O4
82. On analysis, a certain compound was found to contain iodine and oxygen in the
ratio of 254 g of iodine and 80 g of oxygen. The atomic mass of iodine is 127 and that
of oxygen is 16. Which of the following is the formula of compound?
(A) IO (B) I2O
(C) I5O3 (D) I2O5
83. Iron forms two oxides. For the same amount of iron, amount of oxygen combined in
the first oxide is two-third of the amount of oxygen combined in the second oxide,
the ratio of valencies of iron in first and second oxide is
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 3
(C) 3 : 2 (D) 2 : 5
84. A compound contains equal masses of the elements A, B and C. If the atomic weights
of A, B and C are 20, 40 and 60 respectively, the empirical formula of the compound
is
(A) A3B2C (B) AB2C3
(C) ABC (D) A6B3C2
85. A compound contains elements X and Y in 1 : 4 mass ratio. If the atomic masses of X
and Y are in 1 : 2 ratio, the empirical formula of compound should be
(A) XY2 (B) X2Y
(C) XY4 (D) X4Y
42 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
86. A semiconductor, YBa2Cu3O7, is prepared by a reaction involving Y2O3, BaO2 and
Cu2O. The mole ratio in which these compounds should combine, is
(A) 1 : 2 : 4 (B) 1 : 2 : 3
(C) 1 : 4 : 6 (D) 1 : 3 : 4
87. Assume that the atomic weight of oxygen is 7. A sample of 11 g of an oxide of
uranium contains 10 g of uranium. Which of the following formula for the oxide is
compatible with the data?
(A) Uranium oxide is UO and the atomic weight of U is 70
(B) Uranium oxide is U3O8 and the atomic weight of U is 240
(C) Uranium oxide is UO2 and the atomic weight of U is 105
(D) Uranium oxide is U2O3 and the atomic weight of U is 105
88. A sample of protein was analysed for metal content and analysis revealed that it
contained magnesium and titanium in equal amounts, by weight. If these are the
only metallic species present in the protein and it contains 0.016% metal by weight,
the minimum possible molar mass of the protein is (Mg = 24, Ti = 48)
(A) 600000 (B) 150000
(C) 300000 (D) 1200000
89. A series of experiments were carried out with
a fixed mass of a metal and variable mass of
Mass of compound
chlorine. The result is represented by the
adjacent graph. The empirical formula of
10
formed (gm)
compound formed in each case is found to
be MCl2. The atomic weight of the metal is
(Cl=35.5)
(A) 40
6
(B) 47.33 Mass of chlorine (gm)
(C) 118.33
(D) 106.5
90. In the blood of an infant, there are about 1.3 1012 red blood cells, which contain a
total of about 0.15 g iron. On the average, how many iron atoms are present in each
red blood cell of the infant?
(A) 8.8 1023 (B) 4.7 1013
(C) 1.2 109 (D) 3.0 108
Section II
(One or More than One Correct Option)
91. Which of the following pairs do not contain equal number of atoms?
(A) 11.2 mL of N2 (at 1 atm and 0C) and 0.015 g of NO
(B) 22.4 L of N2O and 22.4 L of NO under identical conditions
(C) 1 millimole of HCl and 0.5 millimole of H2S
(D) 1 mole of H2O2 and 1 mole of N2O4
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 43
92. For which of the following reactions, the degree of dissociation cannot be calculated
dt - d0
applying the formula: a = , where dt and d0 are the theoretical and
( n -1)d0
experimental densities, respectively.
(A) PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 (B) 2NH3 N2 + 3H2
(C) 2HI H2 + I2 (D) 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
93. 11.2 L of gas at STP (1 atm and 0C) weighs 14.0 g. The gas may be
(A) N2O (B) NO2
(C) N2 (D) CO
94. 1 mol of 14
7 N
3-
ions contains
(A) 7 NA electrons (B) 7 NA protons
(C) 7 NA neutrons (D) 14 NA protons
95. The composition of universe is approximately 90% hydrogen and 10% helium, by
weight. The composition represents that
(A) there are 18 hydrogen atoms in the universe per atom of helium.
(B) there are 9 hydrogen atoms in the universe per atom of helium.
(C) there is 4.5 g hydrogen in the universe per gram of helium.
(D) the average molar mass of universe is 2.20 g per mole.
96. The formula weight of hydrogen fluoride is 20. The vapour density of a sample of
hydrogen fluoride gas is measured by an experiment as 20. It may represent that
(A) some molecules of hydrogen fluoride are dissociated
(B) some molecules of hydrogen fluoride are in dimer form
(C) all hydrogen fluoride molecules are in dimer form
(D) some hydrogen fluoride molecules are in trimer form
97. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct for water?
(A) H and O are in 2 : 1 atomic ratio
(B) H and O are in 2 : 1 weight ratio
(C) H and O are in 1 : 8 weight ratio
(D) H and O are in 2 : 1 volume ratio
98. The atomic weight of a diatomic gaseous element is 19. Which of the following
statement(s) is/are correct regarding the element?
(A) weight of one atom is 19 u
(B) weight of NA molecules is 38 g
(C) volume of NA atoms is 22.7 Lat STP
(D) weight of NA atoms is 19 g
99. Three isotopes of an element have mass numbers M, (M + 1) and (M + 2). If the mean
mass number is (M + 0.5), then which of the following ratio(s) may be accepted for
M, (M + 1) and (M + 2) in the order
(A) 1 : 1 : 1 (B) 4 : 1 : 1
(C) 9 : 6 : 1 (D) 2 : 1 : 1
100. The mass of 0.01 mole of o-nitrophenol is not nearly equal to
(A) 0.0434 moles of oxygen (B) 2.616 1022 molecules of oxygen
(C) 1.744 1022 molecules of ozone (D) 1.308 1022 molecules of methane
44 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
101. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about the Avogadros number?
(A) It is the number of atoms contained in one mole of atoms of any monoatomic
element
(B) It is the number of electrons required to deposit one mole of atoms of any
metallic element from a solution of the metal salt
(C) It is the number of grams of any element which contains 6.023 1023 atoms of
that element
(D) It is the number of particles (atoms, molecules or ions) required to make one
gram of the substance under consideration
102. The non-stoichiometric compound, titanium monoxide, has a continuous range
of composition from Ti0.75O to TiO0.69. Which of the following is/are the correct
statement regarding the compound? (Ti = 48)
(A) The maximum percentage by weight of oxygen in the compound is 30.8
(B) The minimum percentage by weight of titanium in the compound is 69.2
(C) The minimum percentage by weight of oxygen in the compound is 18.7
(D) The minimum percentage by weight of titanium in the compound is 82.3
103. 1 g-atom of nitrogen represents
(A) 6.023 1023 N2 molecules
(B) 14 g of nitrogen
(C) 11.2 L of nitrogen gas at 1 atm and 273 K
(D) 1 g of nitrogen
104. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(A) One g-atom of each element contains the same number of atoms
(B) One mole of each substance contains the same number of molecules
(C) One g-molecule of each covalent compound contains the same number of
molecules
(D) One g-ion of each ionic compound contains the same number of ions
105. An oxide of nitrogen has 30.43% nitrogen (At. wt. of N = 14) and its one molecule
weight 1.527 1022 g. Which of the following statement regarding the oxide is (are)
true?
(A) Its empirical formula is N2O (B) Its empirical formula is NO2
(C) Its molecular formula is N2O4 (D) Its molecular formula is N4O2
Section III
(Comprehension Based Questions having Only One Correct Option)
Comprehension I (For Q. Nos. 106-108)
A sample of bright blue mineral was weighed in air, then weighed again while
suspended in water. An object is buoyed up by the mass of the fluid displaced by the
object. In air, the mineral weighed 7.35 g; in water, it weighed 5.40 g. The densities of
air and water are 1.205 g/dm3 and 0.9982 g/cm3, respectively.
106. What is the density of the mineral?
(A) 0.4255 g/cm3 (B) 3.759 g/cm3
(C) 3.429 g/cm3 (D) 0.2068 g/cm3
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 45
Feed stream
Concentrated solution
25000 kg/hr
(50% NaOH, 50% water
(2% NaOH, 80% water by weight)
18% NaCl, by weight)
120. The relative amount of gold in an alloy is measured in karats. Pure gold is 24 karats;
an alloy of 50% gold is 12 karats. State the proportion of gold in the jewelry in
karats.
(A) 10.02 (B) 13.98
(C) 17.78 (D) 10.35
Section IV
(Assertion-Reason Based Questions)
The following questions consist of two statements. Mark
(A) If both Statements are CORRECT, and the Statement-II is the CORRECT
explanation of Statement-I.
(B) If both Statements are CORRECT, but the Statement-II is not the CORRECT
explanation of Statement-I.
(C) If Statement-I is CORRECT but Statement-II is INCORRECT.
(D) If Statement-I is INCORRECT but Statement-II is CORRECT.
136. Statement-I : The composition of any chemical compound is independent from the
method from which it is produced.
Statement-II : In any chemical reaction, the total mass of the reaction mixture
always remains conserved.
137. Statement-I : One atom of an element weighs equal to its atomic mass, expressed in
amu.
Statement-II : One amu represents 1 th part by mass of one atom of C12 isotope.
12
138. Statement-I : The molecular mass of any substance is the sum of atomic masses of
all the atoms present in each molecule of the substance.
Statement-II : The atomic as well as molecular masses are defined on the same
carbon scale.
139. Statement-I : Equal masses of all the gases contain equal volume, measured under
identical conditions of pressure and temperature.
Statement-II : At constant pressure and temperature, the volume occupied by any
gas is directly proportional to its number of moles.
140. Statement-I : The number of atoms in 2 g hydrogen and 28 g nitrogen is same.
Statement-II : The number of atoms in one mole of any substance is always same.
141. Statement-I : The number of atoms in a given mass of dioxygen (oxygen) and
trioxygen (ozone) gases is same.
Statement-II : The number of atoms depends on atomic mass, not on molecular
mass.
142. Statement-I : Compounds having the same empirical formula have the same
chemical composition.
Statement-II : The chemical composition of different compounds may be same only
when the molecular formula of the compounds is same.
143. Statement-I : All the members of any class of hydrocarbon (alkane, alkene, alkyne
or arene) have the same empirical formula.
Statement-II : Compounds having the same general formula may have different
empirical formula.
144. Statement-I : The density of moist air is less than that of dry air.
Statement-II : Moist air contains relatively lighter water molecules along with
nitrogen and oxygen molecules.
50 | Chapter 1 Mole Concept
145. Statement-I : Vapour density of sulphur vapour relative to oxygen is 2 because
sulphur atom is twice as heavy as that of oxygen atom.
Statement-II : Vapour density depends upon the molecular state of the substance in
vapour state.
Section V
(Match the Column may have One or More than One Match)
146. Match the following
Column I Column II
(A) Number of ideal gas molecules in (P) Loschmidt number
1 mL at 273 K and 1 atm.
(B) Number of ideal gas molecules in (Q) 2.689 1019
22.4 L at 273 K and 1 atm.
(C) Number of atoms present in exactly (R) Avogadros number
12 g of C12 isotopes
(D) Number of atoms present in exactly (S) 6.023 1023
1 g of C12 isotope
(T) 5.019 1022
147. Match the following
Column I Column II
(A) Gay- Lussac law (P) 6.02 1023 molecules
(B) 16 g of methane (Q) 4.517 1023 molecules
(C) 92.91 g phosphorus (P4) (R) 6.02 1024 electrons
(D) 32 g of oxygen (S) Gases react in simple ratio of
their volumes.
(T) 1.807 1024 atoms
148. Match the following
Column I Column II
Atomic masses Percentage composition of the
Isotope I Isotope II Average heavier isotope
(A) Z1 Z+2 Z (P) 33.33% by mole
(B) Z+1 Z+3 Z+2 (Q) 50% by mole
(C) Z 3Z 2Z (R) % by mass depends on Z
(D) Z1 Z+1 Z (S) 75% by mass
149. Match the following
Column I Column II
(A) 18 g glucose (P) Atomic mass
(B) 1 mole water (Q) 7.22 1023 hydrogen atoms
(C) Daltons atomic theory (R) 6.02 1023 oxygen atoms
(D) Dulong and Petits law (S) The atom is indestructible
(T) 3.61 1023 oxygen atoms
Chapter 1 Mole Concept | 51
Exercise 3
(Previous Years IIT JEE Questions)
1. An evacuated glass vessel weighs 50.0 g when empty, 148.0 g when filled with a
liquid of density 0.98 g/mL and 50.5 g when filled with an ideal gas at 760 mm Hg at
300 K. Determine the molar mass of the gas. (1998, 3 M)
2. A plant virus is found to consist of uniform cylindrical particles of 150 in diameter
and 5000 long. The specific volume of the virus is 0.75 mL/g. If the virus is
considered to be a single particle, find its molecular weight. (1999, 3 M)
3. At 100C and 1 atm, if the density of liquid water is 1.0 g/cm3 and that of water
vapour is 0.0006 g/cm3, then the volume occupied by water molecules in 1 L of
steam at that temperature is (2000 (s), 3 M)
(A) 6 mL (B) 60 mL
(C) 0.6 mL (D) 0.06 mL
4. How many mole of electron weigh one kilogram? (2002(s), 3 M)
1
(A) 6.023 1023 (B) 1031
9.108
1 1
(C) 1054 (D) 108
9.108 9.108 6.023
5. Which has maximum number of atoms? (2003(s), 3 M)
(A) 24 g of C (B) 56 g of Fe
(C) 27 g of Al (D) 108 g of Ag
6. Given that the abundances of isotopes 54Fe, 56Fe and 57Fe are 5%, 90% and 5%,
respectively. The atomic mass of Fe is (2009, 3 M)
(A) 55.85 (B) 55.95
(C) 55.75 (D) 56.05
7. Silver (atomic weight = 108 g mol1) has a density of 10.5 g cm3. The number of
silver atoms on surface of area 1012 m2 can be expressed in scientific notation as
y10x. The value of x is (2010, 3 M)
Answers
Exercise 1
1. 7.1 g 2. 690 3. 57.93%
4. 2.5 mm 5. 6.7 ton, 3.3 ton 6. 2.48 1019 g
. .
7. CoSO4 7H2O, CoSO4 H2O, 1.957 g 8. 40.8%
9. 50.9 10. 6.03 1023
11. 1 1013 g Cu per g Ag 12. 1.427 13. Yes
14. 31.79 15. 2.77 1025 16. 0.566 mL
17. 11 mm 18. 141.16 19. 210