The

Hydraulic Cylinder
At the end of this video, you should be able to:
Explain how a cylinder works
Iden<fy the parts of a cylinder

The Cylinder

PISTON
BARREL
PORT PORT

ROD

ROD SIDE CAP SIDE

The Cylinder

=
Whats Inside?

Eaton Corp.
 PISTON
PISTONSEAL BARREL
ROD PORT
ROD SEAL
ROD BEARING

Eaton Corp.
Cup seal for piston
CUP SEAL

SEAL
BACKING BARREL

PISTON


Fluid Power Variables

At the end of this video, you should be able to:
Dene pressure and ow rate and their common units
Describe the dierence between through and across variables
Calculate the power of hydraulic components
Deni3on: Pressure (P)
Pressure is the force per unit area
Across Variable: Measured with respect to reference
Units
SI: Pascal (Pa)

US: pounds per inch2 (psi)

Source: http://alpcentauri.info/pressure_and_pascal_10.html
Deni3on: Flow Rate (Q or m)
Flow rate is the volume (or mass) per unit Eme
Through Variable: ow through imaginary plane
Units Volume Flow Rate
SI: meters3 per second (m3/s)

US: gallons per minute (gpm)

Units Mass Flow Rate

SI: kilograms per second (kg/s)
US: pounds per second (lbm/s)
Source: http://www.irrigationdirect.com/
Measuring Pressure and Flow Rate
Pressure




Flow Rate
Power Calcula3on
CalculaEons in uid power are easiest in SI units

Power = Pressure * Flow Rate

P = PQ
Source: http://www.drhydraulicservices.com

SI:

US:


Fundamental Fluid Power Laws

At the end of this video, you should be able to:
Explain how Pascals Law applies to hydraulic systems
Calculate the ow rates at a hydraulic juncAon
Calculate the pressure-force and ow rate/velocity transformer
relaAonships of a hydraulic cylinder
Pascals Law
Pressure in a uid is the same in all direcAons

P=
F
AssumpAons: A
Fluid at rest
Negligible gravitaAonal force

Pascals Law Limita4ons
Fluid in moAon
GravitaAonal force

P1 A

h g

P2
Conserva4on of Mass
Mass is always conserved
Hydraulics: Assume uid is incompressible

Q1 Q2

Q3
Example: Transformer Equa4ons
A1 A2
v

P1 Frod
P2

Q1 Q2
Review
Momentum ConservaAon v
Q A
Fhyd = PA
F
P
Mass ConservaAon
Assuming Incompressible Flow Flow Conserved
v = Q/A

ConsAtuAve RelaAonships
RelaAng Pressure & Flow


Cylinder Eciency
At the end of this video, you should be able to:
Iden5fy the primary sources of energy loss in a hydraulic cylinder
Compute the mechanical and volumetric eciency of a hydraulic
cylinder
Eciency of a Cylinder
A1 A2
v
Energy Losses:
P1 Frod
Seal Fric5on P2

Viscous Fric5on
Q1 Q2
Leakage

Pout Frod v
Eciency: = =
Pin PinQin

Mechanical Volumetric
Frod Av
m = v =
Pin A Qin

Example: Cylinder Force and Velocity
A1 A2
Given: Q = 10 lit/min, P = 21 MPa v
Cylinder diameter = 38 mm
Rod diameter = 25 mm P1 Frod
P2
m = .92, v = .95
Find: Peak force and velocity in
Q1 Q2
extension and retrac5on
Frod Av
=
Assume: Non-pressure port at Patm Recall: m P A v =
in
Qin
Example: Cylinder Force and Velocity
A1 A2
Given: Q = 10 lit/min, P = 21 MPa v
Cylinder diameter = 38 mm
Rod diameter = 25 mm P1 Frod
P2
m = .92, v = .95
Find: Peak force and velocity in
Q1 Q2
extension and retrac5on
Frod Av
=
Assume: Non-pressure port at Patm Recall: m P A v =
in
Qin