Einstein’s Train

I have very good reasons to believe that special relativity needs

corrections. Some reasons are 1.)Special relativity can’t describe what
happens inside a black hole and to some points we have infinities
E  mc 2
2.)Twelve proves that is not true , see the webpage
http://www.papimi.gr/kmc2eng.htm 3.) When we have a photon for u=c
then the Lorrentz factor γ don’t have a mathematical meaning

I have not wrote the correction 1 because is not much important for
small distances

Data:


΄: moving observer

: immovable observer
tA  0 (0, y1 , z1 ) C (0, y1  uT .t ,0) D( x0 , y 0 ,0)
sec , , ,

In this experiment in the point A we have a source of light which ray light
Vertically to the observer Π΄ and the motion of this observer happens on
axis y.
 t'
According by the theory the time dilation of the moving observer is:

( AB) 2  ( BC ) 2  ( AC ) 2  (ct ' ) 2  (uT .t ) 2  (ct ) 2  (ct ' ) 2  t 2 (c 2  uT2 )

t'
t
2
c2  u 
t t. 2'
1  T 
 c  uT2   c 
(1)

t'
t
0 t '  t .0
because the light has velocity c then from (1) we have ή


t'
t
0
Mathematically the equation is impossible and from the second
t  t .0
'

equation we can say for example that the light is immovable and
will never reach or hit a surface or ….

Correction 2

1.) Because the train moves on the axis y we must have dilation ONLY at
the axis y according to the theory

So we have :

( AB) 2  ( BC ) 2  ( AC ) 2  (ct ) 2  (uT .t ' ) 2  (ct ) 2  (uT .t ' ) 2  0

(;)

but the moving observer asserts that he/she has count a length which is
smaller from the static observer.

2.) The length AB must be the same because we don’t have dilation by
Π or by Π΄ (because the motion happens only on axis y )
 ' 
c 
t' t    ' t  t'
και (;)


but the moving observer asserts that have measure differrent time from
the static observer.


We consider that while the observer ΄ moves we have time dilation and
on the three axis. We alike this as an elastic cylinder which if we pull it
on the axis y using our hands then we have a length dilation and to the
three axis . Also the length of the immovable observer is smaller than
from the moving observer, so we have :

( AB) 2  ( BC ) 2  ( AC ) 2  (ct ' ) 2  (uT .t ' ) 2  (ct ) 2  (ct ) 2  (t ' ) 2 (c 2  uT2 )


2
 u 
t  t 1  T 
'

 c 
(3)


Dilation of length

2
 u 
t  t 1  T 
'

 c 
(3)
 Figure 2.1

u  uT
From the figure 2.1 we have a train which travels with speed .At the same
time from the point A we have a source , emitting radiation of light travelling at the x
axis the distance AB.

The immovable observer Π counts length ΑΒ=L

 L
c 
t t
(2.1)

L'
The relativistic length of the moving observer is:

2
L' L t  u 
c ' c L  L' . ' L  L' . 1   T 
t t  t   c 
(2.2) and (2.1) (2.3)

Relativistic Energy
The relativistic impulse as we know is :
1
 
2
 u
1  
P   .mu   .P  c
(2.4) where (2.5)
2
 u
  1  
 c
Our γ is (2.6)
P   .mu   .P
namely (2.7)

Prove of (2.7)



P
We know the de Broglie formula (2.8) and λ happens to the axis x as we

2
 uT 
L  L' . 1   
 c     .'
prove before , so (2.9)
 

 P P  P   .P 
(2.8),(2.9) we result to (2.7) equation

The work which produce a force F is given from the equation :

dP
W   F .dx F
dt
(2.10) and (2.11)
The direction of F happens of x axis
dP dP du
F  .
P  P(u ) u  u ( x, t ) dt du dt
and so (2.12)
' dP du ' dP
W   F .dx   . ' .dx   .u.du
du dt du
 d  2
dP  u
 1    .mu   d  c2  u 2.
mu 
du du   c    
  du  c 


1 2
(c  u 2 ) 1 / 2 .(2u ).
mu m
 (c 2  u 2 )1 / 2 . 
m

u 2  (c 2  u 2 )  
c c c u
2 2
2 c


m
 2.u 2
 c2 
c c u
2 2

(2.13)
dP m.( 2.u 2  c 2 )
W   .u.du   .u.du
du c c2  u2
Then
u  i.c. sin   du  i.c. cos  .d
We set

m.(2.u 2  c 2 ) m (2c 2 sin 2   c 2 )( 1).c 2 sin  .cosθ.dθ

 c c2  u2
.u.du 
c c 2  c 2 sin 2 θ


m c 2 (2 sin 2   1)c 2 sin  .cosθ.dθ

c  c. cos 
 mc 2  ( 2 sin 3   sinθ )d 

There is the know trigonometric relation:

sin 3.  3. sin   4 sin 3   4 sin 3   3. sin   sin 3

 3 sin   sin 3   cos  cos 3 

 mc 2    sin   d  mc 2     
 2   2 6 

Also there is the trigonometric equation:

cos 3  4. cos 3   3 cos 

  cos  4 cos 3   3 cos    4 cos 3  
 mc 2      mc 2   cos    
 2 6   6 

2
 u  c2  u2 c2  u2
cos   1  sin 2   1     
 i.c  c2 c

c2  u2  4 u 2  2 1 2u 2 
mc 2   1   1  ( )   mc c 2
 u   3  3c 2 

c  6 ic    
=
So we conclude to the equation
1 2u 2  

mc c  u    2
2 2

W   3 3c 
(2.14)
We suppose that the particle accelerates from u=0 to the final velocity u . From the
work theorem, mentions that a force which acts on a particle , produce a work and is
equal with the difference of the particle’s Kinetic Energy.

u
dP
W   .udu  E k
0
du

The initial Kinetic Energy is zero

u
dP
W   .udu  E k
0
du 
, (2.14)
 1 2u 2  1
mc c 2  u 2    2   mc 2
 E k   3 3c  3
(2.15)

The equivalence of mass and energy

 As we know the equivalence of mass and energy derives from the assumption from

K   .mc 2  mc 2 mc 2
the equation and because the quantity is independent by the

mc 2
velocity we set as rest energy of the particle the quantity .
1
E R   mc 2
3 ER 
So by (2.15) we have , where rest energy, minus because this

 1 2u 2 
ETotal  mc c 2  u 2    2 
 3 3c 
energy is enclosed into the mass and