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EXERCICE II RACTIONS ACIDO-BASIQUES (3 points)
1. Solution dacide thanoque
1.1. Pour le couple CH3COOH/CH3COO on a : CH3COOH(aq) = CH3COO(aq) + H+(aq)
Pour le couple H3O+/H2O on a : H2O(l) + H+(aq) = H3O+(aq)
Soit en effectuant la somme :
CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) = CH3COO(aq) + H3O+(aq)
VRAI
1.2. Une transformation est limite si son taux davancement est infrieur 1 :
xf
= Or xf = [H3O+(aq)]f.V = 10pH.V
xmax
Leau tant en excs, lacide thanoque est le ractif limitant soit C.V xmax = 0, ainsi xmax = C.V
10pH.V 10 pH
= =
C.V C
3,4
10
= = 4,0102 < 1 la raction est limite.
1,010 2
VRAI
CH3COO . H3O(aq) +
( aq)
f f
1.3. Qr, q = Ka1 =
[CH3COOH(aq) ]f
CH3COO
( aq)
f
=
K a1
+
[CH3COOH(aq) ]f H3O(aq)
f
CH3COO
( aq ) 1,6 10 5
f
= 3,4
= 4,0102 donc diffrent de 25
[CH3COOH(aq) ]f 10
FAUX
NH+4 . HO(aq)
( aq )
f
2.3. NH3(aq) + H2O(l) = NH4+(aq) + HO(aq) K= f
[NH3(g) ]f
Or la constante dacidit associe au couple NH4+(aq)/NH3(g) scrit :
[NH3(g) ]f . H3O(aq) +
Ka2 = f
(NH4+(aq) + H2O(l) = NH3(g) + H3O+(aq))
NH+4
(aq)
f
NH4+ . HO(aq)-
H3O(aq)
+
(aq)
f f f
Do K= .
[NH3(g) ]f H3O(aq)
+
f
Ke
K=
K a2
1,0 1014
K= 10
= 1,6105
6,3 10
VRAI
HCOO . H3O(aq) +
(aq)
f f
pKa = log(Ka) = log( )
HCOOH
(aq)
f
HCOO
(aq) +
pKa = log( f
) log ( H3O(aq) )
HCOOH f
(aq)
f
HCOO
(aq)
f
pKa = log( ) + pH
HCOOH
(aq)
f
pKa