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C EN TR AL AS IA : : RU SSIA P RI NT
P A G E L A S T U PD A T E D O N N O V E M B E R 1 4 , 2 0 1 2

( CO NT AINS
D E S C R IP TI O N )

C LI C K F L A G O R M A P T O E N LA R G E

VIEW 33 P H O T O S
OF RUSSIA

C L IC K M A P T O E N LA R G E
E X PA N D A LL | C O L LA PS E A LL

In tr od uc ti on : : RU SS IA

Bac kg ro un d:

Foun ded i n th e 1 2 th cent ur y, t he Pr in ci pali ty of M us covy, was abl e to em erg e


fr om over 2 00 years of M on gol d om in at ion ( 1 3 th - 1 5 th cent ur ies) and t o
gr ad uall y conq uer and abs or b s ur roun di ng pr in ci pali ti es. I n t he earl y 17 t h
cent ur y, a new R om an ov D yn as ty cont in ued th is poli cy of exp an si on ac ross
Si beri a t o th e P ac ific. Un der P ETER I ( ru led 16 82 - 1 72 5 ) , hegem ony was
extend ed to t he Balt ic S ea an d th e c ou nt ry was renam ed t he Ru ss ian E m p ir e.
Du ri ng t he 19 t h c en tu ry, m ore t er ri tori al ac qu is it ions were m ad e i n Eu rope an d
As ia . Defeat in t he Ru ss o- Japanese W ar of 1 90 4 - 05 c on tr ib ut ed to t he
Revolu ti on of 1 90 5 , whi ch resu lt ed in t he form at ion of a p ar li am en t and oth er
reform s. Repeat ed devast at in g defeat s of th e R us si an ar m y in W or ld W ar I led
to wid es pr ead r ioti ng in t he m ajor c it ies of t he Ru ss ian E m p ir e and t o th e
over th row i n 19 17 of t he im peri al h ou sehold . Th e Com m un is ts u nd er V ladi m i r
LE NI N seiz ed power s oon aft er an d form ed th e U SS R. Th e br ut al ru le of I os if
STAL IN ( 19 28 - 5 3 ) s tr en gt hened C om m u ni st r ul e and R us si an dom i nanc e of
th e S oviet U ni on at a c os t of tens of m i ll ions of li ves . The S oviet econom y and
soci et y s tagn at ed i n th e fol lowi ng decades u nt il G en er al S ec retary M ik hail
GO RB AC HE V ( 19 85 - 9 1 ) i nt rodu ced g lasn os t ( op en ness) and p er es tr oi ka
( r es tr uc tu ri ng) i n an at tem p t t o m odern iz e C om m u ni sm , bu t h is in it iati ves
in ad vert en tl y r el eased for ces t hat by Decem b er 1 99 1 s pl in tered t he US SR i nt o
Ru ss ia an d 14 oth er i nd ep en dent repu bl ic s . Si nc e t hen, R us si a h as sh ifted it s
post- Sovi et dem ocr at ic am bi ti on s i n favor of a c en tr al iz ed sem i - aut hori tari an
st at e i n wh ic h t he lead er sh ip s eeks t o legi ti m i ze it s ru le th roug h m an ag ed
nati on al elect ions , popu li st app eals b y for m er P resi dent P UTIN, and c on ti nu ed
ec on om ic gr owth. R us si a h as severely di sabl ed a C hech en r eb el m ovem ent ,
al th ou gh violenc e s ti ll oc cu rs t hr ou gh ou t t he Nort h Cauc as us .

Ge og ra ph y : : RU SS IA

L oc at io n :

Nort h As ia bord er in g th e A rc ti c O cean , ext en di ng fr om Eu rope ( t he port ion


west of t he Ur al s ) to t he Nort h Paci fi c O cean

G eo gr ap hi c co or di na te s:

60 0 0 N, 1 00 0 0 E

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M ap r ef er en ce s:

As ia

Are a :

to ta l : 17 ,0 98,2 42 s q k m
c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1
la nd: 16 ,3 77,7 42 s q k m
w a te r: 72 0,50 0 sq km

Are a - c om pa ra ti ve :

ap pr oxim at el y 1.8 t im es t he si ze of t he US

L an d bo un da ri es:

to ta l : 20 ,2 41.5 km
bo rd er co un tr ie s: Az er baij an 28 4 km , B el ar us 95 9 km , C hi na ( sout heas t)
3,6 05 k m , Ch in a ( s ou th ) 4 0 km , E st on ia 2 90 k m , Fi nl an d 1,3 13 k m , Geor gi a
72 3 km , K az ak hs tan 6,84 6 km , N or th K or ea 1 7 .5 k m , Latvia 2 92 k m , Li th uani a
( K al in in gr ad Ob last) 2 27 k m , Mong ol ia 3,44 1 km , N or way 1 96 k m , Poland
( K al in in gr ad Ob last) 4 32 k m , Uk rain e 1,57 6 km

C oa st li ne:

37 ,6 53 k m

M ar it im e c la im s:

te rr it or ia l sea : 12 n m
co nt ig uo us zo ne : 2 4 nm
ex cl usive ec on om ic z on e : 20 0 nm
co nt in en ta l she lf : 2 00 m dept h or t o th e d ep th of exp loit at ion

C li m a te:

rang es fr om st ep pes in t he sout h t hr ou gh hu m i d cont in en tal i n m u ch of


Eu ropean Ru ss ia; su barc ti c in S ib er ia to t un dr a c li m ate i n th e p ol ar nort h ;
wi nt er s vary fr om cool al on g Bl ac k Sea c oast to fri gi d i n Si beri a; s um m ers vary
fr om warm i n th e s tepp es t o cool al on g Ar ct ic coas t

T er ra in :

br oad p lain wi th low h il ls wes t of Ur al s ; vas t c on ifer ou s forest and t un dr a i n


Si beri a; u pl an ds an d m oun tain s along s ou th er n b or der r eg ions

E le va ti on ex tr em es:

lo w e st p oi nt: Casp ian Sea - 28 m


hi gh est p oi nt: Gora El 'b ru s 5,63 3 m

N at ur al r esou rc es :

wi de natu ral r es ou rc e base in cl ud in g m ajor d ep os it s of oi l , natu ral g as , coal ,


an d m any s tr at eg ic m i nerals , reserves of r ar e eart h el em en ts, t im ber
no te : for m i dabl e obs tacl es of cl im at e, terr ai n, an d di st an ce hi nd er exp loit at ion
of n at ur al resour ces

L an d use:

ar ab le la nd: 7.1 7 %
pe rm an en t c ro ps: 0.11 %
ot he r: 92 .7 2 % ( 20 05 )

I rr ig at ed l an d:

43 ,4 60 s q k m ( 2 00 3 )

T ot al r en ew ab le w a te r r esou rc es :

4,4 98 c u k m ( 1 99 7 )

F re sh w a te r w it hd ra w a l ( d om esti c /i nd ustr ia l/a gr ic ul tu ra l ) :

to ta l : 76 .6 8 cu km /yr ( 1 9 %/6 3 %/1 8 %)


pe r c ap it a : 5 35 c u m /yr ( 20 00 )

N at ur al h az ar ds:

perm afrost over m u ch of S ib er ia is a m aj or im pedi m ent to d evel op m ent ;


volc an ic ac ti vi ty i n th e K ur il Is land s ; vol canoes and ear th qu ak es on t he
Kam c hatk a P en in su la; s pr in g fl oods and s um m er /au tu m n forest fir es
th roug hout Si beri a and p ar ts of Eu ropean Ru ss ia
vo lc an ism : s ig ni fi cant volc an ic ac ti vi ty on t he Kam c hatk a P en in su la and K ur il
Is land s ; t he peni ns ul a alone i s h om e t o som e 2 9 hi st or ic al ly act ive vol canoes,
wi th dozens m ore i n th e K ur il Is land s ; K li uc hevs koi ( el ev . 4,8 35 m ) , whi ch
er up ted i n 20 07 an d 20 10 , is Kam c hatk a's m os t act ive vol cano ; Avac hi ns ky

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Mu tn ovsk y, Sarych ev Peak, S hi velu ch, Ti at ia, Tolb ac hi k, an d Zh el tovs ky

E nvir on m e nt - cu rr en t issu es:

ai r p ol lu ti on fr om heavy in du st ry, em i ss ions of c oal- fi red el ec tr ic p lant s, and


tr an sp or tati on in m aj or ci ti es; i nd us tr ial , m u ni ci pal , and agr ic ul tu ral p ol lu ti on
of i nl an d wat er ways and s eacoas ts ; deforest at ion ; s oi l erosi on ; soil
cont am in at ion from i m p roper app li cati on of ag ri cu lt ur al ch em ic al s ; s catt er ed
ar eas of s om et im es in tens e r ad ioac ti ve c on tam i nati on ; gr ou nd water
cont am in at ion from t oxic wast e; u rb an s ol id was te m anagem ent ; ab an doned
st oc ks of obs ol et e p es ti ci des

E nvir on m e nt - in te rn at io na l a gr ee m e nt s:

pa rt y t o: Ai r P ol lu ti on , A ir Poll ut ion - N it rogen O xi des, A ir Poll ut ion - S ul fu r 85 ,


An tarc ti c - En vi ronm en tal Pr ot oc ol, An tarc ti c - Mari ne Li vi ng R es ou rc es ,
An tarc ti c S eals , An tarc ti c Treat y, B iodi vers it y, C li m ate Ch an ge, C li m ate
Ch an ge- Kyot o P rotocol, D es er ti fi cati on , En dang er ed S peci es , En vi ronm en tal
Modi fi cati on , H az ar dous W ast es , Law of th e S ea , Mari ne Du m p in g , O zone
Layer Pr ot ec ti on , Sh ip P ol lu ti on , Tropi cal Ti m b er 83 , W et land s, W h al in g
si gn ed , bu t no t ra ti fi ed : A ir Poll ut ion - S ul fu r 94

G eo gr ap hy - n ot e :

larg es t coun tr y i n th e wor ld in t er m s of area b ut un favorabl y l oc at ed in r el at ion


to m aj or sea l an es of t he worl d; d es pi te it s si ze , m u ch of t he coun tr y l ac ks
pr op er soil s and c li m ates ( eit her t oo c ol d or t oo d ry) for agr ic ul tu re; Moun t
El 'b ru s i s E ur op e's t al lest p eak

Pe op le a nd So ci et y : : RU SS IA

N at io na li ty :

no un: Ru ss ian( s )
ad je ct ive: Ru ss ian

E th ni c g ro up s:

Ru ss ian 7 9 .8% , Tatar 3.8%, U kr ai ni an 2%, B as hk ir 1.2% , Ch uvas h 1.1% , ot her


or un sp ec ified 1 2 .1% ( 2 00 2 c en su s )

L an gu ag es:

Ru ss ian ( offi ci al) , m an y m i nori ty l an gu ag es

R el ig io ns:

Ru ss ian O rt hodox 1 5 - 2 0 %, M us li m 1 0 - 1 5 %, oth er C hr is ti an 2% ( 2 00 6 est .)


no te : est im at es ar e of pr ac ti ci ng wors hi pers; R us si a h as larg e p op ul at ions of
non - p ract ic in g b el ievers an d non - b el ievers , a l eg ac y of over s even d ec ad es of
Sovi et ru le

Pop ul at io n :

14 2,51 7,67 0 ( J ul y 2 01 2 est .)


c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 9

Age str uc tu re:

0- 14 y ea rs : 1 5 .7% ( m al e 1 1 ,49 8,26 8/ fem ale 1 0 ,89 0,85 3)


15 - 64 y ea rs : 7 1 .3% ( m al e 4 8 ,85 1,35 7/ fem ale 5 2 ,80 6,90 0)
65 y ea rs an d o ve r : 13 % ( m al e 5,62 2,46 4/ fem ale 1 2 ,84 7,82 8) ( 20 12 es t .)

M ed ia n a ge :

to ta l : 38 .8 year s
m a le: 3 5 .6 years
fe m a le: 4 2 .1 years ( 2 01 2 est .)

Pop ul at io n g ro w t h r at e :

- 0.01 % ( 2 01 2 est .)
c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 92

Bir th ra te :

12 .3 bi rt hs /1,0 00 p op ul at ion ( 20 12 es t .)
c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 60

D ea th r at e :

14 .1 deat hs /1,0 00 p op ul at ion ( Ju ly 20 12 es t .)


c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 1

N et m i gr at io n r at e :

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ra te o f u rb an iz at io n : - 0.2% ann ual r at e of c hang e ( 2 01 0 - 15 est .)

M aj or c it ie s - p op ul at io n:

MO SC OW ( c ap it al ) 1 0 .52 3 m i ll ion ; S ai nt Peters bu rg 4.57 5 m i ll ion ;


Novosi bi rs k 1.3 97 m il li on ; Yekateri nb ur g 1.3 44 m il li on ; Ni zh ni y N ovgorod
1.2 67 m il li on ( 2 00 9 )

S ex ra ti o:

at bi rt h : 1.06 m al e( s ) /fem ale


un de r 15 y ea rs : 1.06 m al e( s ) /fem ale
15 - 64 y ea rs : 0.91 m al e( s ) /fem ale
65 y ea rs an d o ve r : 0.4 3 m ale( s ) /fem al e
to ta l p op ul at io n: 0.85 m al e( s ) /fem ale ( 20 11 es t .)

M at er na l m o rt al it y r at e :

34 d eath s /1 00,0 00 l ive b ir th s ( 20 10 )


c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 20

I nf an t m or ta li ty ra te :

to ta l : 7.3 deat hs /1,0 00 l ive b ir th s


c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 60
m a le: 8.2 d eath s /1,00 0 li ve bi rt hs
fe m a le: 6.4 d eath s /1,00 0 li ve bi rt hs ( 2 01 2 est .)

L if e e xp ec ta nc y a t b ir th :

to ta l p op ul at io n: 6 6 .46 years
c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 64
m a le: 6 0 .11 years
fe m a le: 7 3 .18 years ( 2 01 2 est .)

T ot al f er ti li ty ra te :

1.6 1 ch il dr en b or n/wom an ( 2 01 2 est .)


c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 78

H ea lt h e xp en di tu re s:

5.4% of GD P ( 20 09 )
c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 32

Phy si ci an s d en si ty:

4.3 09 p hysi ci an s/1,00 0 popu lati on ( 2 00 6 )

H ospi ta l b ed de nsit y:

9.6 6 beds/1,0 00 p op ul at ion ( 20 06 )

H IV /AID S - ad ul t pr eval en ce r at e :

1% ( 2 00 9 est .)
c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 4 6

H IV /AID S - pe op le li vi ng w it h HI V /AI DS:

98 0,00 0 ( 2 00 9 est .)
c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 0

H IV /AID S - de at hs:

NA

M aj or i nf ec ti ou s di se ases:

de gr ee o f r isk: in term ed iate


fo od or w at er bo rn e di se ases: bact er ial d iarr hea
ve ct or bo rn e di se ase: t ic kb or ne enc ep hali ti s
no te : h ig hl y path og en ic H 5N 1 avi an in fl uenz a h as been i dent ified i n th is
coun tr y; i t p os es a n eg li gi bl e ri sk wit h ext rem ely r ar e cases poss ib le am ong
US ci ti zens who have cl os e c on tact wi th bi rd s ( 20 09 )

E du ca ti on ex pe nd it ur es:

3.9% of GD P ( 20 06 )
c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 1 07

L it er ac y :

de fi ni ti on: age 15 and over can r ead and wri te


to ta l p op ul at io n: 9 9 .6%
m a le: 9 9 .7%
fe m a le: 9 9 .5% ( 2 01 0 est .)

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U ne m p lo ym en t, y ou th ag es 15 - 24 :

to ta l : 18 .3%
c ou nt ry c om pa ri so n t o t he w or ld: 6 4
m a le: 1 7 .7%
fe m a le: 1 9 .1% ( 2 00 9 )

Go ve rn m e nt : : R US SI A

C ou nt ry n am e:

co nven ti on al l on g f or m : R us si an Federati on
co nven ti on al sho rt fo rm : Ru ss ia
lo ca l l on g f or m : R os si ys kaya F ed er at si ya
lo ca l sho rt fo rm : Ross iya
fo rm er : R us si an Em pi re , Ru ss ian S oviet F ed er at ive S oc iali st R ep ub li c

G over nm en t t yp e:

federati on

C ap it al :

na m e : M os cow
ge og ra ph ic c oo rd in at es : 5 5 45 N , 37 3 6 E
ti m e di ff er en ce : U TC+4 ( 9 hour s ahead of W ash in gt on , DC du ri ng St an dard
Ti m e)
da yl ig ht savin g ti m e : +1h r; n ot e - Ru ss ia has ann ou nc ed th at i t wil l rem ain
on dayl ig ht savi ng ti m e p er m anent ly, whi ch began on 27 M ar ch 2 01 1
no te : R us si a i s d ivid ed i nt o 9 ti m e z on es

Adm in istr at ive d ivisio ns:

46 p rovi nc es ( ob last ey, s in gu lar - obl as t ) , 21 r ep ub li cs ( resp ub li k , si ng ul ar -


resp ub li ka) , 4 aut on om ou s okr ug s ( avtonom n yk h okr ug ov, s in gu lar -
avtonom n yy okr ug ) , 9 kr ays ( kr ayev , si ng ul ar - kr ay) , 2 federal ci ti es ( goroda,
si ng ul ar - gorod) , an d 1 aut on om ou s obl as t ( avtonom n aya obl as t ')
ob la st s: A m u r ( B lagovesh ch en sk) , Ar kh an gel' sk, A st rakh an', B el gorod,
Br yans k, C helyab in sk, Ir ku ts k, Ivan ovo, K al in in gr ad , Kalu ga, K em er ovo, K ir ov,
Kost rom a , Ku rg an, Ku rs k , Leni ng rad, L ip et sk , Magadan, M os cow, M ur m ans k,
Ni zh ni y N ovgorod , N ovgorod , N ovos ib ir sk , O m s k , O renb ur g , O rel , Penz a,
Ps kov, R os tov, R yazan', S ak hali n ( Yuz hn o- Sakh al in sk ) , S am ar a, Saratov,
Sm ol en sk, S verd lovs k ( Yekateri nb ur g) , Tam bov, Tom sk, Tul a, Tver', Tyum en ',
Ul'yan ovsk , Vl ad im ir, Volg og rad , Vologd a, Voronezh , Yarosl avl'
re pu bl ic s: Ad yg eya ( M aykop) , Al tay ( Gorn o- A lt aysk ) , B as hk or tost an ( Ufa) ,
Bu ryat iya ( Ul an - Ud e) , Ch ec hn ya ( G rozn yy) , Ch uvas hi ya ( C heboks ar y) ,
Dagest an ( M ak hach kala) , In gu sh et iya ( M ag as) , Kabard in o- B al kari ya ( Nal'ch ik )
, Kalm yk iya ( El is ta) , Karach ayevo- Ch er kesi ya ( Ch er kess k) , Kareli ya
( P et rozavods k ) , K hakasi ya ( Ab ak an ) , K om i ( Sykt yvkar) , M ar iy- E l ( Yosh kar-
Ol a) , M or dovi ya ( S ar an sk ) , Nort h Os seti a ( Vl ad ik avkaz ) , S ak ha [Yaku ti ya]
( Yak ut sk ) , Tat ar st an ( K az an ') , Tyva ( Kyzyl) , Ud m u rt iya ( I zh evsk )
au to no m o us o kr ug s: C hu kotk a ( A nadyr') , Kh an ty- Mans i ( Kh an ty- Mans iysk ) ,
Nenets ( Nar 'yan - Mar ) , Yam al o- N en et s ( S al ek hard )
kr ay s: Al tay ( Barn au l) , Kam c hatk a ( Petr op avlovs k - K am ch at sk iy) , Kh ab ar ovsk,
Kr as nodar, Kr as noyars k, Perm ', Pr im or sk iy [Mari ti m e] ( V ladi vost ok) ,
St avropol', Zabayk al's k ( C hi ta)
fe de ra l ci ti es: Mosc ow [Mosk va ], Sain t P et er sb ur g [Sank t - P et er bu rg]
au to no m o us o bl ast : Yevrey [Jewi sh ] ( B ir ob id zh an)
no te : adm in is tr at ive d ivis ions have th e s am e nam es as t heir ad m i ni st rati ve
cent er s ( except ions h ave t he ad m i ni st rati ve cent er n am e fol lowi ng in
parent heses)

I nd ep en de nc e:

24 A ug us t 1 99 1 ( fr om th e S oviet U ni on) ; notabl e ear li er dates: 11 57


( P ri nc ip al it y of Vl ad im ir- S uz dal c reat ed ) ; 16 J an uary 1 54 7 ( Ts ar dom of
Mu sc ovy es tabl is hed) ; 22 O ct ob er 17 21 ( R us si an Em pi re pr oc laim ed) ; 3 0
Decem b er 1 92 2 ( Sovi et Un ion es tabl is hed)

N at io na l h ol id ay :

Ru ss ia Day, 12 J un e ( 19 90 )

C on st it ut io n:

ad op ted 1 2 Decem b er 1 99 3

L eg al sy st em :

ci vi l l aw syst em ; j ud ic ial r eview of l eg is lati ve ac ts

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E xe cu ti ve b ra nc h :

ch ie f o f sta te : P resi dent V ladi m i r V ladi m i rovi ch PU TI N ( s in ce 7 M ay 20 12 )


he ad of go ve rn m e nt: D m i tr iy An at ol yevi ch ME DV ED EV ( si nc e 8 May 2 01 2 ) ;
Fi rs t D ep ut y Pr em ier Ig or I vanovi ch SH UV AL OV ( s in ce 12 M ay 20 08 ) ; D ep ut y
Pr em iers Ar kadi y Vl ad im ir ovic h D VO RK OV IC H ( si nc e 2 1 May 2 01 2 ) , Ol ga
Yu ryevna GO LO DE TS ( s in ce 21 M ay 20 12 ) , A leks an dr Genn ad iyevic h
KH LO PO NI N ( si nc e 1 9 Janu ar y 20 10 ) , D m i tr iy Ni kolayevi ch K OZ AK ( s in ce 14
Oc tober 2 00 8 ) , Dm it ri y O legovi ch R OG OZ IN ( s in ce 23 D ec em ber 20 11 ) ,
Vl ad is lav Yur yevi ch SU RK OV ( s in ce 27 D ec em ber 20 11 )
ca bi ne t : th e " Govern m ent" is com p os ed of t he pr em ier , h is depu ti es, an d
m i ni st er s ; al l ar e app oi nt ed b y t he pr es id en t, and t he pr em ier i s als o
confir m ed by th e D um a
( For m or e in form at ion vi si t th e W or ld Lead er s web si te )
no te : t here i s als o a Pr es id en ti al Ad m i ni st rati on ( PA) th at p rovi des s taff an d
poli cy su pp or t t o th e p resi dent , dr afts pr es id en ti al d ec rees, and c oord in at es
poli cy am on g g over nm en t ag en ci es; a S ec ur it y C ou nc il als o r ep or ts di rect ly t o
th e p resi dent
el ec ti on s: p resi dent el ec ted b y p op ul ar vot e for a s ix- year t er m ( el ig ib le for a
second term ) ; elect ion l as t held 4 Marc h 20 12 ( n ext to b e h el d in M ar ch 2 01 8 ) ;
note - t he term leng th was ext en ded from fou r to s ix years in l at e 2 00 8 and
went i nt o effec t aft er th e 2 01 2 elect ion; t here i s n o vic e pr es id en t; i f th e
pr es id en t d ies i n offi ce , cann ot exer ci se hi s p ower s becaus e of il l heal th, is
im peac hed , or resi gn s, t he pr em ier s er ves as act in g p resi dent un ti l a n ew
pr es id en ti al elect ion i s h el d, wh ic h m us t be wi th in th ree m ont hs; p rem i er
ap poin ted by th e p resi dent wi th th e app roval of th e D um a
el ec ti on r esul ts: V ladi m i r P UTIN elect ed pr es id en t; p er cent of vote - V ladi m i r
PU TI N 63 .6%, G en nady Z YU GA NO V 17 .2%, M ik hail PR OK HO RO V 8% ,
Vl ad im ir ZH IR IN OV SK Y 6.2% , Serg ey M IR ON OV 3.9%, oth er 1.1% ; Dm it ri y
ME DV ED EV app roved b y D um a 2 99 t o 14 4

L eg isla ti ve br an ch :

bi cam eral F ed er al A ss em bl y or F ed er al noye S ob rani ye cons is ts of an u pp er


hous e, t he Federati on C ou nc il or S ovet Federats ii ( 1 66 s eats; m em b er s
ap poin ted by th e t op exec ut ive and l eg is lati ve offi ci al s i n each of t he 83
federal ad m i ni st rati ve un it s - ob last s, kr ays, r ep ub li cs , aut on om ou s okr ug s
an d ob last s, an d th e fed er al c it ies of M os cow and S ai nt Peters bu rg ; m em bers
to s er ve four - year t er m s ) and a lower h ou se, th e S tate Du m a or
Gosu dars tven naya D um a ( 45 0 seat s; as of 20 07 , al l m em b er s el ec ted b y
pr op or ti on al repr es en tati on from p ar ty li st s wi nn in g at leas t 7% of t he vote;
m em b er s el ec ted b y p op ul ar vot e t o serve fou r - year term s)
el ec ti on s: S tate Du m a - l as t held on 4 Decem b er 2 01 1 ( next t o be held i n
Decem b er 2 01 5 )
el ec ti on r esul ts: S tate Du m a - U ni ted R us si a 4 9 .6% , CP RF 19 .2%, J us t
Ru ss ia 13 .2%, L DP R 1 1 .7% , ot her 6.3%; t ot al s eats by part y - Un it ed Ru ss ia
23 8, CP RF 92 , J us t Ru ss ia 64 , L DP R 5 6

Jud ic ia l b ra nc h :

Cons ti tu ti on al Cour t; Su pr em e C ou rt; S up rem e Ar bi tr at ion Cour t; ju dg es for al l


cour ts ar e app oi nt ed for li fe by th e F ed er at ion Coun ci l on th e r ec om m end at ion
of t he pr es id en t

Pol it ic al p ar ti es a nd le ad er s:

A J us t Ru ss ia [Serg ey M IR ON OV ]; Com m un is t Part y of th e R us si an


Federati on or C PR F [G en nadi y A nd reyevi ch Z YU GA NO V ]; Li beral Dem ocr at ic
Part y of Ru ss ia or LD PR [Vl ad im ir Volfovic h Z HI RI NO VS KI Y]; Patr iots of
Ru ss ia [Genn ad iy SE MI GI N ]; R ig ht Caus e [A nd rey DU NA YE V, act in g]; U ni ted
Ru ss ia [Dm it ri y A natolyevic h M ED VE DE V]; Yabl ok o P ar ty [Serg ey S er geyevi ch
MI TR OK HI N]

Pol it ic al p re ssur e gr ou ps an d l ea de rs :

As soci at ion of C it iz en s wit h I ni ti at ive of Ru ss ia ( TIG R) ; Confed er at ion of L ab or


of R us si a ( KTR) ; Federati on of In depend en t Labor U ni on s of R us si a; F reed om
of C hoic e I nt er regi on al Or gani zati on of Au tom obi li st s ; Gl as nost Defens e
Foun dati on ; Golos As soci at ion in D efen se of Voters ' R ig ht s; G reen peac e
Ru ss ia; Hu m an R ig ht s W at ch ( R us si an ch ap ter) ; I ns ti tu te for C ol lect ive Ac ti on;
Mem ori al ( hu m an ri gh ts gr ou p ) ; M ovem en t A gain st Il legal Mi gr at ion ; P am jat
( p reservat ion of hi st or ic al m onu m ent s an d record in g of hi st or y) ; PA RN AS;
Ru ss ian O rt hodox C hu rc h; R us si an Federati on of Car O wn er s; R us si an-
Ch ec hen Fr iend sh ip Soci et y; S ol id ar nost ; SO VA An al yt ic al- In form at ion C en ter;
Un ion of t he Com m it tees of S ol di er s' Moth er s; W or ld W i ld li fe Fu nd ( R us si an
ch ap ter)

I nt er na ti on al or ga ni za ti on p ar ti ci pa ti on :

AP EC , A rc ti c C ou nc il, A RF, AS EA N ( di al og ue part ner) , B IS, BR IC S, B SE C ,


CB SS , C D, C E , C ER N ( ob server) , C IC A , CI S , CS TO , E AE C , EA PC , E AS ,
EB RD, F AO, F ATF , G - 20 , G - 8, G CTU, IA EA , IB RD , I CA O , I CC, I CR M, I DA ,
IF C, I FR CS , IH O, I LO, IM F, IM O, IM SO , I nt er pol, IO C, I OM ( ob server) , I PU ,

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html 26/11/2012 9:21:20


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