..

.., .., ..

.
.

. ..
2005

1
 ..
.., .., ..
: .-
.: - . .. , 2005, -43.

1500 .

2
 .

, ,

, ,

3
 1. .

. u ( x) = u ( x) + u ( x) + + u ( x) +
n =1
n 1 2 n (1.1),

u1 ( x ), u 2 ( x ), , u n ( x ), x,

x = x0 ,

u ( x ) = u ( x ) + u ( x ) + + u ( x ) + ,
n =1
n 0 1 0 2 0 n 0

, .

. x,

(1.1).

1
1.1. n
n =1
2
+ x2
.

x .

x:

1
lim u n ( x ) = lim =0.
n n n + x2
2

1 1 1
n
n =1
2 . , x
n +x
2 2
2 .
n

: x ( ;+
) .

xn
1.2. 2n .
n =1 1 + x

4
 , x

1 1
= = l i m n n = = 0, x > 1,
n
x +x
x n 1
l i mun ( x) = l i m 2n = = 0, x = 1,
n 1 + x
2
n

0
= 1 = 0, x < 1.

x ( ;+ ) \ { 1;1}
.

n
x x x
) x <1 , lim n un ( x ) = lim n = lim n = = x <1 ,
n n 1+ x 2n n
1+ x 2 n
1 + 0

.. x ( 1; 1) .

1 1 1
) x >1 , lim n un ( x ) = lim n
2 n
= <1 x >1 ,
n n x 1+ x x

.. x ( ; 1) (1;+ ) .

: : x ( ;+ ) \ { 1;1} .
x = x0

u ( x ) ,
n =1
n x0 :

S ( x0 ) = u n ( x0 ) = u1 ( x0 ) + u 2 ( x0 ) + + u n ( x0 ) + (1.2). ,
n =1

5
 x = x0 , ,

. ,

, , ,

, ,

S ( x ) .

(1.2) S ( x0 ) , lim S n ( x0 ) = S ( x0 ) ,
n

S n ( x0 ) = u1 ( x0 ) + u2 ( x0 ) + + un ( x0 ) - n- (1.2).

, >0 N () > 0 ,

n>N( ) : Rn ( x0 ) = S ( x0 ) S n ( x0 ) < , (1.3)

Rn ( x ) = S ( x0 ) S n ( x0 ) - (1.2).

u ( x )
n =1
n ,

N, (1.3). ,

N = N (, x ) , , x.

. u ( x )
n =1
n

D, x

, >0 N () > 0 ,

, x, n>N( )

Rn ( x0 ) = S ( x0 ) S n ( x0 ) < x .

6
 2. .

. -

a (x x )
n=0
n 0
n
= a 0 + a1 ( x x 0 ) + a 2 ( x x0 ) + + a n ( x x 0 ) + ,
2 n
(2.1)

a 0 , a1 , , a n , - , .

a ( x x ) n
. n 0
n =0

x = x1 x0 , x, ,

x x0 < x1 x0 . x = x 2 x0 ,

x, x x 0 > x 2 x 0 .

. a ( x x )
n =0
n 0
n

R 0 , + ,

. x ( x0 R, x0 + R )

, ,

R=+ , .

1 an
-: R = lim n a , R = lim
n a n +1
.
n
n

a (x x )
n =0
n 0
n

7
 - .

x , ,

. , ,

, x , .

1. a (x x )
n =0
n 0
n

a n +1 ( x x0 )
n +1
a n +1
): lim = x x 0 lim = x x0 A < 1 ,
a n ( x x0 ) an
n n n

n a (x x )
n
: lim n 0 = x x0 lim n an = x x0 A < 1 .
n n

2. ,

1 1
x x 0 , x 0 + , , x ( x0 R, x0 + R ) .
A A

, , .

3. ,

1 1
x = x0 = x0 R , x = x0 + = x0 + R
A A

8
 n

3n + 1
2.1. ( 1) n ( x 1) .
n

n =1 n

n

3n +1
1. :
n
x 1
n =1 n

n
3n + 1 1
a n ( x x0 )
n
lim n = x 1 lim n = x 1 lim 3 + = 3 x 1 .
n n
n n
n

n a (x x )
n
lim n 0 < 1 , : 3 x 1 <1 .
n

1 1 1 2 4
: x 1 < < x 1 < <x< .
3 3 3 3 3

2 4
, x ; - .
3 3

2
2. x= :
3

n n n n n

( 1) 3n +1 2 1 = ( 1) n 3n +1 1 = 3n +1

n =1 n 3 n =1 n 3 n =1 3n

1
n 3 n 1
3n +1 1 3
: lim bn = lim = lim 1 + = e3 0 .
n n
3n n
3n

2
x= .
3

n n n
4 3n +1

n 3n +1
: ( 1) n 1
3. x= = ( 1) .
3 n =1 n 3 n =1 3n

9
 1
1
3 n 1 4
x=
3
lim bn = lim 1 + =e3 0 , .
n n
3n 3

2 4
: x ; .
3 3

( x + 2) n
2.2. 2
n =2
n
n ln n
.

1. :

a n+1 ( x x0 )
n +1
2 n n ln n x +2
lim = x + 2 lim = <1
n 2 n +1 ( n +1) ln ( n +1)
a n ( x x0 ) 2
n n

x +2 <2 2 < x +2 < 2 4 < x < 0 .

, x ( 4; 0 ) - .

( 2) n
( 1) n
2. x = 4 : 2 n =2
n
n ln n
=
n =2 n ln n
.

1
. : .
n =2 n ln n

1
: lim bn = lim =0 .
n n n ln n

dx

d ln x
2 x ln x 2 ln x = ln ( ln x ) 2 =
= ,

1
. . . bn = n,
n ln n

x = 4 .

2n 1
3. x =0 : n = .
n = 2 2 n ln n n = 2 n ln n

10
 (. 2).

: x [4; 0 ) . x ( 4; 0 ) -

, x = 4 .

n sin n ( x 3)
n

2.3. ( 1)
n =1 2 n
n 2 .

1. :

sin n x 3
lim n an ( x x0 ) <1 1< x <5.
n x 3 <2
= x 3 lim n =
n n 2 n
n 2
2

x (1; 5) .

n sin n ( 2 )
n
sin n
2. x =1 : ( 1) = 2 .
n=1 2n n 2 n =1 n

sin n
. : .
n =1 n2

sin n .
: lim bn = lim = =0 .

2
n n n

sin n 1
: bn = 2
< 2 .
n n

1
sin n
2 , , .
n =1 n n =1 n2

sin n ( x 3)
n

, ( 1) n
n =1
n
2 n 2 x =1 .

sin n ( 2 )
n

3. x = 5 : ( 1)
n
= ( 1) n sin2n .
n =1 2 n
n 2
n =1 n

x = 5 (. 2).

11
: x [1;5] - .

3 5 7 ( 2n + 1)
2.4. 1 4 7 ( 3n 2) ( x + 2)
n =1
n

1. :

3 5 7( 2n +1) 3 5 7( 2n +1)( 2n + 3)
un ( x ) = x + 2 ; u n +1 ( x ) =
n n +1
x +2 ;
1 4 7( 3n 2 ) 1 4 7( 3n 2 )( 3n +1)

u n+1 ( x ) 2n + 3 2 3 7 1
lim = lim x + 2 = x + 2 < 1 x +2 < < x < -
n un ( x ) n 3n + 1 3 2 2 2

( 1) 3 5 7 ( 2n + 1) 3
n
7
x =
n
. 2 : 1 4 7 ( 3n 2 ) 2
-
n =1

. ,

an+1 3 5 7 ( 2n + 1)( 2n + 3) 3n+1 1 4 7 ( 3n 2 ) 2 n =

( 2n + 3) 3 = 6n + 9 = 1 + 7 1
=
an 1 4 7 ( 3n 2 )( 3n + 1) 3n 3 5 7 ( 2n + 1) 2 n+1 ( 3n + 1) 2 6n + 2 6 n+ 2
6

a n +1
, >1 , ,
an

3 5 7 ( 2n + 1)
n
1 3
3. x = 2

n =1 4 7 ( 3n 2 )
1

2
. :

7 1
x ; - .
2 2

12
 ,

, :

1.

2.

, .

( n
S1 ( x ) = S ( x ) = an ( x x0 ) n = an ( x x0 ) .

)
n=0 n =0

( .)

3. .

, ).
b b b

n
( a n ( x x0 ) n
dx ) = an ( x x0 ) dx = S ( x ) dx .
n =0 a a n =0 a

2.5. nx
n =1
n 1
= 1 + 2 x + 3x 2 + 4 x 3 + + nx n 1 + .

u ( x) n +1
un ( x) : lim
n +1
= x lim = x < 1 x ( 1;1) .
n u ( x ) n n
n

, x = 1 x =1

n ( 1) n ,
n

n =1 n =1

13


. S ( x) = nx . ,
n 1

n =1

x
n 1
: nx dx =
0 n =1

x
n n n

n =1
( n x n1
dx) =
n =1 n
x = x .
n =1
0

, b=x, q=x.

b x
S1 ( x) = = , q =x <1 .
1 q 1 x

x
x
= S ( x ) dx
1 x 0
, S1 ( x) = .

d 1 1
, S ( x) = S1 ( x ) = . : nx n 1
= , x < 1.
dx (1 x ) 2 n =1 (1 x ) 2

xn
2.6. n
n =1
.

u n+1 ( x ) n
lim = x lim = x < 1 x ( 1;1) .
n un ( x ) n n + 1

1
x = 1 n . .
n =1

( 1) n
x =1
n =1 n
, .

, x[1;1) .

14

xn
S ( x ) = .
n =1 n

xn
S ( x ) =
n = x = 1 + x + x + + x + = S1 ( x )
2 n
n 1
.
n =1 n =1

, b=1, q=x.

1
S1 ( x) = x
1
1 x S ( x) = d =x l n 1 x .
1 x
S ( x) = S1 ( x) 0

: S ( x ) =ln 1 x , x [1; 1) .

1
arcsin
( 2n ) !( x + 2 ) 2 n
n ( x 3) n ; : x [0;6] 2.

1. ; :
n =1 3 ( n + 3)
n n =1 ( n !) 2

5 3
x ;
2 2

( 1) n ( x +1) n
3. n!
; : x [;+ ]
n =1

( 1) n ( x 2) n
n +1
n

4.
n =1 n 2 + 2n + 5
; : x (1;3] 5. ( x 1)
n=1 9 n 1
2n
: x ( 2;4)

15
 3. .

. f ( x) ,

x ( x0 R, x0 + R ) ,

f ( n ) ( x0 )
f ( x ) = ( x x0 ) n , (3.1)
n =0 n!

lim Rn ( x ) = 0 ,
n

f ( n+1) ( x0 + ( x x0 ) )
Rn ( x ) = ( x x0 ) n+1 - ,
( n + 1) !

f ( n)
( 0)
0 < <1 . : f ( x ) = n ! x .(3.2)
n
x0 = 0
n =0

. , x0 ,

n f (n)
( x) M , >0, lim Rn ( x ) = 0 , f ( x)
n

( ,

, .)

3.1. : ) f ( x ) = ln x ;

) f ( x ) = arcsin x ( x 1) ;
16
) f ( x ) = sin x ?

. ) f ( x ) = ln x ,

x0 = 0 , ; ) f ( x) = arcsin x

( x 1) , x0 = 1

, x0 = 1

, ;

) f ( x ) = sin x , x0 = 0

, .

, f (n)
( x) 1 ,

f ( x ) = sin x .

I. .

, f ( n ) ( x0 ) ,

f ( n ) ( x0 )
f ( x) = ( x x0 ) n .
n =0 n!

3.2. f ( x ) = ln x ( x 2) .

f ( x) =
f ( n)
( 2) ( x 2) n
) n!
.
n =0

n x0 = 2 .

f ( x ) = ln x f ( 2) = ln 2

1 1 1 1
f ( x) = f ( 2) = f ( x ) = 2 f ( 2) =
x 2 x 22

1 2 1 2
f ( x ) = f ( 2) =
x3 23

17
 1 2 3 1 2 3
f ( x) = 4

f ( 2) = 4

x 2
.

f ( n ) ( x ) = ( 1)
n +1 ( n 1) ! f ( n ) ( 2) = ( 1)
n +1 ( n 1) !
n
x 2n

f ( x ) = ln x = ln 2 + ( 1)

( n 1) !( x 2) n =
( x 2) n
ln 2 + ( 1)
n +1 n +1

2 n n!
.
n =1 n =1 2n n

u n +1 ( x ) x 2
) : lim = < 1 x ( 0, 4 ) .
n un ( x) 2

( 2)
n
( 1)
2 n +1
1
: x = 0 ( 1) n = =
n
- ,
2 n n n =1 n =1 n =1 n

x = 4 ( 1)

2n
( 1) n +1

n
. = - .
n =1 2 n n=1 n
n

, x (0, 4] .

) ,

f ( x ) = ln x , lim Rn ( x ) = 0 .
n

f ( n +1) ( x0 + ( x x0 ) ) ( 1) n ! n
Rn ( x ) = ( x x0 ) n+1 = ( x 2) n+1 , 0 < <1 ,
( n + 1) ! ( 2 + ( x 2) ) ( n + 1) !
n +1

x (0, 4] lim Rn ( x ) = lim

( 1) ( x 2 )
n n +1
= 0, x ( 0, 4] .,
n n ( 2 + ( x 2 ) ) n +1 ( n + 1)

18

ln 2 + ( 1)
n+1 ( x 2) n x ( 0, 4] f ( x ) = ln x ,
. .
n =1 2n n

( x 2) .

f ( n ) ( x0 )
f ( x ) = ( x x0 ) n ,
n =0 n!

f ( n ) ( x0 ) .

II.

:

x2 x3 xn xn
ex =1+ x + + + + + = , x ( ;+ ) ( 3.3)
2! 3! n! n =0 n !

x3 x5 x 2 n+1
x 2 n+1
+ ( 1) + = ( 1) , x ( ;+ )
n n
sin x = x + (3.4)
3! 5 ! ( 2n + 1) ! n =0 ( 2n + 1) !

x2 x4 n x
2n
n x
2n
cos x = 1 + + ( 1) + = ( 1) , x ( ;+ ) ( 3.5)
2! 4! ( 2n ) ! n =0 ( 2n ) !

x3 x5 x 2 n+1
x 2 n+1
shx = x + + + + = , x ( ;+ ) ( 3.6)
3! 5! ( 2n + 1) ! n =0 ( 2n + 1) !

x2 x4 x2n x 2n
chx = 1 + + + + = , x ( ;+ ) ( 3 .7 )
2! 4 ! ( 2n ) ! n = 0 ( 2n ) !

19

x 2 x3 n+1 x
n
n+1 x
n
ln (1 + x ) = x + + ( 1) + = ( 1) , x ( 1;+1] ( 3 .8 )
2 3 n n=1 n

(1 + x ) m = 1 + mx + m( m 1) x m( m 1)( m 2 ) x 3
2
+ + +
2! 3!
m( m 1) ( m n +1) x n
m( m 1) ( m n +1) x n
+ + = 1 + , m R,
n! n =1 n!

x [ 1,+1], m 0,
x ( 1,+1], 1 < m < 0, (3.9)
x ( 1,+1), m 1

1
= 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + + x n + = x n , x ( 1;+ 1) ( 3.10)
1 x n= 0

, .

Rn ( x ) ,

, .

, :

e a +b = e a e b , ln ( AB ) = ln A + ln B, ln Ak = k ln A, sin ( ) = sin cos cos sin

cos ( ) = cos cos sin sin

sh ( ) = sh ch ch sh ch ( ) = ch ch sh sh

e + e e e
ch = sh = .
2 2

3.3. f ( x ) = ln x ( x 2)

. ( 3.2.)

20
 ,

. (
t = x2 t . t n+1tn 3 8 )
()
lx= n= l t+ 2= n = l21+ = =n l2 l1++= n= n tt =l + (12 ) nn =
()

= ln 2 + ( 1)
n +1 ( x 2) n
. .

x = t+ 2 3.8 2 2 2
2n n

2 = < 2 n
n =1

x , 1 1 n = 1

. (3.8)

1 <
t
1 1 <
( x 2) 1
: 0 < x 4.
2 2

3.2 3.3, ,

3.4. f ( x) = cos 3 x x .
6

21
 ,

t = x
6 . (3.4),
c 3x= o = c 3t+ = s o3c t+ = so 3ts= i s n =
x= t+ 6 2 = 3tx
6
2 n +1

n ( 3t )
2 n +1

32 n +1 x
= ( 1) = 6 .
( 2n +1) ! ( 1) n+1
n =0
n =0 ( 2 n + 1)!

: 3t ( ;+ ) x ( ;+ ) .

3.5. f ( x) = sin 2 x x + .
8

t = x+ 8 2
s 2x= i s 2t= n = s i2tc c in2ts =o n(s 2o ic 2tt )= ins so n s
x= t 4 4 4 2
8
(, (3.4) (3.5), x = 2t , ):

22
 2
( 1) n
( 2t ) 2 n +1 ( 1) n ( 2t ) 2 n
( 2n + 1) !
=
2 n =0 n =0 ( 2n ) !

, 2t,

. C n ( 2t ) :
n

n =0

2
( 1) n
( 2t ) 2 n+1 ( 1) n ( 2t ) 2n = 2 2t ( 2t ) 3 + ( 2t ) 5 1 + ( 2t ) 2 ( 2t ) 4 + =
2 n =0 ( 2n +1) ! n =0 ( 2n ) ! 2 3! 5! 2! 4!

2 ( 2t ) 2 ( 2t ) 3 ( 2t ) 4 + ( 2t ) 5 + = 2 ( 1) n ( n2+1) ( 2t ) . n
=
2
1 + 2t +

2! 3! 4! 5!
2 n=0

n !

n

n ( n +1)
2n x +
, 2
8
sin 2 x =
2
( 1)
n =0
2
n!
, x ( ;+ ).

P.S.

n ( n +1) n ( n 1)
: ( 1) 2 , ( 1) 2 .

3.6. f ( x) = ( x + 1) e 2 ( x 1) .
2 x

t= x 1 1 t1
f ( x) = ( x + 1) e 2
2 x

()
2 2 ( t + 1) 2 2
= = ( + 2) = + 4ttet e
x= t+ 1
t
, (3.3), x= , :
2

23
 1 1
t n+2
t n+1
tn
(t 2
+ 4 t + 4) e 2
tn
= e 2
2n n ! + 4 + 4 .
n =0 2 n ! n =0 2 n !
n n
n =0 2n n ! n=0

2
, t .

C t
n =2
n
n
. ,

t . n+2

n, n+1 n. :
1
tn
tn
tn
e n 2
2
+ 4 n 1 + 4 n .
n =2 2 ( n 2 ) ! n =1 2 ( n 1) ! n =0 2 n !

t, t 2 .

t, .. 0 t 0 1t 1 .

1
tn
tn
tn
e 2 n 2 + 4t + 4 n 1 + 4 + 2t + 4 n =
n = 2 2 ( n 2 ) ! n =2 2 ( n 1) ! n = 2 2 n !

1

tn 4t n 4t n
= e 2 4 + 6 t + n 2 + n 1 + n =
n =2 2 ( n 2) ! 2 ( n 1) ! 2 n !

4( n 1) n + 8n + 4 n
1
e 2 4 + 6t + t
n =2 2n n!

1

n 2 + n +1
: f ( x) = ( x + 1) e 2 = e 2 4 + 6( x 1) + 4 n ( x 1) , x ( ;+ ) .
2 x n

n =2 2 n!

5x
3.7. f ( x ) = ( x 1) .
x + x 6
2

24
 1= tx 5t+ 2 5t+
[]
f(x)= = 2 = t+34=(t1) +4=
x=t+1 t+34 (t1) +4
.

5t + 5
=
A
+
B
=
( A + B) t + ( 4 A B)
: ( t 1)( t + 4 ) t 1 t + 4 ( t 1)( t + 4)

A+ B = 5 A = 2
. , :

4A B = 5 B = 3
2 3
f ( x) = + .
t 1 t + 4

2 1
= 2 t n = 2 ( x 1) .
n
, (3.10),: = 2
t 1 1t n =0 n =0

t <1 , 1 < x 1 <1 0 < x < 2 .

t nn n n
3 3 1 x= 3 ( 1) t ( 1) 3 ( x 1)
= = 4 = n = n+1
t + 4 4 1 + t 4 n= 0 4 n= 0 4
, .

4 (3.1 ) 0
25
 t ( x 1) < 1
4
<1 , 1 < 3 < x < 5 .
4

5x
, 2 = 2 ( x 1) n
x + x 6 n =0

3 ( x 1)
n
n 3
+ ( 1) 2 + ( 1) n+1 ( x 1)
n n
n +1
=
n =0 4 n =0 4

: x ( 0;2) ( 3;5) x ( 0;2) .

1
3.8. f ( x) = 3 x.
x +8 2

. ( 3.9)
1
1 x 2
()
1 23
2 3
f (x) = 8 + x = 1+ = 1 x =
2 8 m = , x
3 8
1 1 x 2 ( 4 3 ) x 2 ( 4 3 )( 7 3 ) x 2 ( 4 3 )( 7 3 ) ( 13 n + 1) x 2
2 3 n
1 1 1
= 1 + 3 + 3
+ 3
8 + +
3
+ =
2 1! 8 2! 8 3! n! 8

1 1 x2 1 4 7( 3n 2 ) x 2
2 3 n
1 4 x 2 1 4 7 x 2
= 1 + 2 3 + + ( 1) n + =
2 3 8 3 2! 8 3 3! 8 3n n! 8

1 n 1 4 7 ( 3n 2 ) 2 n

= 1 + ( 1) x .
2 n=1 24 n n!

m=
1
3
1 <
x2
8
1 x 2 8 x 2 2 ;+2 2 [ ].

26
 3.9. (
f ( x) = ln x + 1 + x 2 ) .
( )
x
dx
f ( x) = ln x + 1 + x 2 = . ,
0 1 + x2

. (3.9)

1
m=-1/2 f1 ( x ) = , ,
1 + x2

, .

(
f1 ( x ) = 1 + x 2 )
1
2 =1
1 2 1 3 x 2
x +
( ) 2
1 3 1 x
+ + n + 1
2
+ =
( ) n

2 2 2 2 ! 2 2 2 n!

1 3 5 ( 2n 1) x 2 n
= 1 + ( 1)
n
, 1 < x 2 1 x 1.
n =1 2n n!

( ) = f ( x) dx = 1 + ( 1) 1 3 ( 2n 1) 2 n
x x
n
f ( x) = ln x + 1 + x 2
1 x dx =
0 0 n =1 2n n !

x n
1 3 ( 2n 1) x 2 n n
1 3 ( 2n 1) x 2 n +1
= dx + ( 1) 0 x dx = x + ( 1)
0 n=1 2n n!
n =1 2n n ! 2n + 1 .

x 1
.

( x x0 )

( 1) n +1 2 2 n 1 x 2 n ;
1. f ( x) = sin 2 x, a ) x0 = 0, b) x0 =
4
; : a) ( 2 n )!
n =1
x ( , + ) b)

1
( 1) 2 2 n2 x
n +1 2 n 1

+ , x ( , + ) .
2 n =1 ( 2n 1) ! 4

27
 ( 1) x 2 n x [2;2] n +1

2. f ( x) = ln ( 4 + x 2 ), x0 = 0; : ln 4 +

.
n
n =1 n 4

( 1) n+1 ( x 2) 2 n
3. f ( x) = ln ( x 2 4 x + 8), x0 = 2; : ln 4 +

, x [0;4] .
n =1 n 4n

1 ( x + 1)
n
( )


4. f ( x) = ln x 2 + 5 x + 6 , x0 = 1; : ln 2 + ( 1) n+1 1 + n , x (0;2]
n =1 2 n

3x 2 ( 1) n 1
5. f ( x) =
x + x2
2
, x0 = 0; : 2 n+1 n+1 x n , x ( 3, 3) .
2
n =0 3

1 ( 1) 1 3 5 ( 2n 1) !
n
1
6. f ( x) = , x0 = 1; : ( x 1) n , x (2;4] .
2+x 3 n =1 n !6 n

x
( 1) n +1 x n ;
7. f ( x) =
x +2
, a ) x0 = 0; b) x0 = 1; : a) x ( 2, 2 ) ,
n =1 2n

b) 1 2( 1) ( x +1) ; x ( 2, 0 ) .
n n

n =1

8. ,

: f ( x ) = arctgx .

( 1) n x 2 n+1 ; x [1;1]
:
n =0 2n +1

28
 4.

-,

, .

, S

Sn . S = an = S n + Rn S S n = Rn .
n =0

Rn .

) ,

, S S n = Rn < a n +1 .

) {bn }

.( k : bk = b1 q k 1 a n +k ).

b1 b
Rn = a n +1 + a n +2 + b1 + b1 q + b1 q 2 + = Rn 1 .
1 q 1 q

8 + x 3 dx
3
4.1.
0

=0,001. :

29
 1
x3
3
3
8 + x = 21 + =
3

1
m = 3 1 x 3 1 1 2 x 3 x 3
2 n
1 1 2 5 1
= = 2 1 + + + + n + 1 + =
u = x3 3 8 2! 3 3 8 n! 3 3 3 3 8
8
1 x3 1 2 x3
2
( 1) n1 2 5 ( 3n 4) x 3
n

= 21 + + + 8 + .
3 8 2! 3 2 8 n! 3n

x3
1 1 2 x 2.
8

, , :
1 1

I = 3 8 + x 3 dx = 2 1 +
1 3 2x6
x 2 2 + +
( 1) n1 2 5 ( 3n 4) x 3n dx =
3 8 3 8 2! n!3 n 8 n
0 0

x4 x7 10 x10 1 1 1 1
= 2
x + +
= 21 + + =
3 4 8 9 64 7 10 27 512 6 0 96 4032 82944

1 1 1
=2+ + ,
48 2016 41472

1
, I 2+ , Rn < a n +1
48

1 1 1
Rn = + < a n +1 = = 0,000496 < . : I 2,021 .
2016 41472 2016

ln (1 x )
0.1

4.2.
0 x
dx =0,001.

30
 :

n +1 ( x )
n n 1
1
n x

x n 1
f ( x) = ( 1) = ( 1) n +1
( 1) = , 1 x < 1.
x n =1 n n =1 n n =1 n

0 ,1 0 ,1
x n 1
x n 0,1
1
. : I = f ( x ) dx = dx = 2 = n 2 .
0 0 n =1
n n =1 n 0 n =1 10 n

1 1
I = ( a1 + + an + Rn ) , Rn = an+ 1 + an+ 2 + = + + <
1 0n+ 1 ( n + 1) 1 0n+ 2 ( n + 2)
2 2

1 1 1
< b1 + b1q + b1q 2 + = + n +1 + n +1
( n + 1) 10 10( n + 1) 10 10 2 ( n + 1) 2 ,
n +1 2 2

10

1 1 b1 1 1
b1 = , q = , S = = Rn < < .
1 0n+ 1 ( n + 1) 1 q 1 0n 9 ( n + 1) 2 10 9 ( n + 1)
2 n 2
10

, n Rn < .

1 1
< . n=1 , n=2 .
10 9 ( n + 1)
n 2
1000

1 1
, R2 < , I ( a1 + a2 ) . : I + = 0,102 ( 5).
10 400

1
dx
4.3.
0 25 x 2
=0,001.

31
 1
2
1
. ( 3.9) ,m =
1 x 2
2
f (x) = 1 = 2 =
5 2 5 x
x
2 5
1
2 3
1 x 2 1 1 3 x 2 1 1 3 5 x 2 =
= 1 + + +
5 2 25 2! 2
2
25
3! 2 2 2
25

1 1 3 5 ( 2n 1) x
2n
x2
= 1 + , 1 < 1. x ( 5;5)
5 n =1 n! 50 n 25

.:

1 1 3 5 ( 2n 1) x
1 1 2n
I = f ( x )dx = 1 + dx =

0 0
5 n =1 n! 50 n

1
1 3 5 ( 2n 1) x
2 n +1
1 1
1 3 5 ( 2n 1) 1
= x +
5 n !( 2n + 1) 50 n
= 1 +
0 5 n !( 2n + 1)

50n
n =1 n =1
.

. I = S n + Rn . I Sn ,

Rn < .

1 1 3 5 ( 2n 1)( 2n + 1) 1 3 5 ( 2n 1)( 2n + 1)( 2n + 3)

Rn = an+1 + an+2 + =
5 50 ( n + 1)!( 2n + 3)
n+1
+ + =
50 ( n + 2 )!( 2n + 5)
n+ 2

32
 1 1 3 5 ( 2n 1) 2n + 1 ( 2n + 1)( 2n + 3) ( 2n + 1)( 2n + 3)( 2n + 5) + <
= n+1 + + 2
5 5 0 ( n + 1) !( 2n + 1) 2n + 3 5 0 ( n + 2) ( 2n + 5) 5 0 ( n + 2)( n + 3)( 2n + 7 )

1 1 3 5 ( 2n 1) 2n + 3 2 ( 2n + 4 )( 2n + 5) 2 ( 2n + 4 ) 2 ( 2n + 6)( 2n + 7 )
= + + + =
5 50 ( n + 1) ! 2n + 3 50 ( 2n + 4 ) ( 2n + 5)
n +1
50 ( 2n + 4 )( 2n + 6 )( 2n + 7 )
2

1 1 3 5 ( 2n 1)
2
2 2
=
1 + + + .
5 50 ( n +1) !
n +1
50 50

2
b1 = 1, q= < 1.
50

1 1 3 5 ( 2n 1) 25
S=
b1 25
= .
1 q 24
, Rn <
5 50 n+1 ( n + 1) ! 24
< .

, n Rn < .

1 3 5 ( 2n 1) 1 24 5n 10 n 2 ( n + 1)
2
< >1.
50 n ( n + 1) 24 100
2
1 3 5 ( 2n 1)

24 5 4
. n=1 : >1.
1 10

1 1 1
: I + a1 = + 0,201; Rn < =0,001.
5 5 50 3

. 0,001 :
1 1
6 2
dx arctgx
1.
0
5
1+ x2
; : 0,167. 2.
0
x
dx ; : 0, 487.

3. sin x dx ; : 0,310.
2

33
 5.

1.

y ( n ) = F ( x, y, y, y ( n1) ) ,

( n 1)
y ( x0 ) = y0 , y ( x0 ) = y0 ,, y ( n1) ( x0 ) = y0 (5.1),

y ( n ) ( x0 )
. y ( x ) = ( x x0 ) n =
n =0 n!

y ( x0 )
( x x0 ) 2 + + y ( x 0 ) ( x x0 ) n +
( n)
= y ( x0 ) + y( x0 )( x x0 ) + . (5.2)
2! n!

x0

x .

, ,

5.1.

y = xy y 2 , y (1) =1 , y (1) = 2 .

34
 (5.2):

y ( 1) y ( 1) 2 y ( 1) 3 y ( 1)

y = y( 1) + ( x 1) + ( x 1) + ( x 1) + ( x 1) 4 + . (5.3)
1! 2! 3! 4!
, : y(1) =1 .

x y ( n ) (1) :

(
y = xy y 2 ) x = y + xy 2 yy , y (1) = 1

y = ( y + xy 2 yy ) x = 2 y ( 1 y ) + xy 2( y )
2,
y (1) = 3

(5.3) :

y =1 + 2( x 1) +
( x 1) 2
( x 1) 3
3( x 1)
4
+ =
2! 3! 4!

1 + 2( x 1) +
( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 3 ( x 1) 4 +
2 6 8

5.2.

y =e y sin y , y () =1 ,

y ( ) = .
2

y ( )
( x ) 2 + y ( ) ( x ) 3 +

: y = y ( ) + y ( )( x ) + 2! 3! (5.4)

: y ( ) = e y ( ) sin y( ) = e1 sin =e
2

35
 :

( )
y = e y s i ny x = y e y sin y +e y y cos y , y ( ) =
e
2
.

, (5.4) y ( k ) ( ), k = 0,1,2,3, ,

: y =1 + ( x ) + e ( x ) 2 + e ( x ) 3 +
2 2 12

2.

y ( n ) + pn 1 ( x) y ( n 1) + pn 2 ( x ) y ( n 2 ) ( x ) + + p1 ( x ) y + p0 ( x ) y = ( x )

y ( x0 ) = y0 , y ( x0 ) = y0 ,, y ( n 1) ( x )
( n 1)
0 = y0 .

p n 1 ( x); pn 2 ( x ); ( x )

( x x0 ) , x x 0 <R ,

y = y ( x ) y = cn ( x x0 ) ,
n

n =0

cn :

1) p n 1 ( x); pn 2 ( x ); ( x )

2) y = cn ( x x0 ) ,
n

n=0

cn ,

36
3)

( x x0 )

c n .

c n , .

5.3. (1 x ) y 4 xy 2 y = 6 2
2

x0 = 0 .

: y = c0 + c1 x + c2 x 2 + + cn x n + = cn x n
n =0

, y y :

y = c1 + 2c2 x + 3c3 x 2 + + nc n x n1 + ( n + 1) cn +1 x n + = ( n + 1) cn+1 x n
n =0

y = 2c2 + 3 2c3 x + + n( n 1) cn x n2 + ( n +1) nc n+1 x n1 +

+ ( n + 2)( n +1) cn+2 x n + = ( n + 2 )( n +1) cn+2 x n
n =0

y , y y :

(1 x ) ( n + 1)( n + 2) c

.
2
n+ 2 x 4 x ( n + 1) cn+1 x 2 cn x n = 6 x 2
n n

n= 0 n= 0 n= 0

(( n + 1)( n + 2) c
n =0
n +2 x n ( n + 1)( n + 2 ) cn+2 x n+2 4( n + 1) cn+1 x n+1 2n x n ) = 6 x 2

, cn :

37
 0
x: 2c2 2c0 = 2, c 2 = c0 1
1
x: 2 3 c3 4c1 2c1 = 6, c3 = c1 + 1
2
x: 3 4 c4 2c2 4 2 c2 2c2 = 0, c 4 = 2 = c0 1
3
x: 4 5 c5 2 3 c3 4 3 c3 2c3 = 0, 5 = 3 = 1 + 1
..........
..........
.........

x
2n
: ( 2n + 1)( 2n + 2) c2n+ 2 2n( 2n 1) c2n 4 2n c2n 2c2 n = 0,
2 n + 2 = c 2 n = c0 1
: ( 2n + 3)( 2n + 4 ) c2 n +3 ( 2n + 1) 2nc2 n+1 4 ( 2n + 1) c2 n +1 2c2 n +1 = 0,
2 n +1
x
c2 n+3 = c2 n +1 = c1 + 1

, 2 n = c0 1, c2 n+1 = c1 +1, n 1.

y = cn x n = c0 + 1 x + (c2 n x 2 n + c2 n+1 x 2 n+1 ) =
n =0 n =1

= c0 + 1 x + (( c0 1) x 2 n + ( c1 + 1) x 2 n+1 ) = c0 x 2 n + c1 x 2 n+1 + ( 1)
n +1
x n +2 .
n =1 n =0 n =0 n =0

. :

y = y oo + y = 0 y1 + c1 y 2 + y ,

y1 y2 -

y - , yoo = 0 y1 + c1 y 2 -

38

y1 = x 2 n , y 2 = x 2 n+1
n =0 n =0

.

y = ( 1)
n +1
x n+2 - .
n =0

(.3.9) , x <1 , :

1 x 1
y1 = ; y2 = ; y = x 2 .
1 x2 1 x2 1+ x

1 x x2
: y = c0 + c1 , x < 1.
1 x2 1 x2 1 + x

5.4. (1 + x ) y y + y = 2 cos x x 2 sin x

, : y (0) =1 , y (0) = 0 .

1
x1 = =0,001.
2

1. y = cn x .
n

n=0

y = ( n + 1) cn+1 x n , y = ( n + 2)( n + 1) c n +2 x n (. 5.3).
n =0 n =0

cosx sinx,

39

(1 + x ) ( n + 1)( n + 2) cn+2 x n ( n + 1) cn+1 x n + cn x n =
n =0 n =0 n =0

x 2n
x 2 n+1
= 2( 1) x 2 ( 1)
n n

n =0 ( 2n ) ! n =0 ( 2n + 1) !

(( n + 1)( n + 2) c
n =0
n +2 x n + ( n + 1)( n + 2 ) cn+2 x n+1 ( n + 1) cn+1 x n + cn x n ) =

n 2x x 2 n+3
2n
= ( 1)
n =0 ( 2n ) ! ( 2n + 1) !

c0 = 1
y y , :
.
c1 = 0
x ,

0 1
x: 2c2 c1 + c0 = 2, c2 =
2
,

1
x: 2 3c3 + 2c2 22 + c1 = 0, c3 = 0

2 3
x : 3 4c4 + 2 3c3 33 + c2 = 1, c4 =
4!
,

3
x: 4 5c5 + 3 4c4 44 + c3 = 1, c5 = 0

4 2 5
x : 5 6c6 + 4 5c5 55 + c 4 =
4!
, c6 =
6!
.

= ( 1)
n +1 ( 2n 1)
: 2 n 2 n+1 = 0 ,
( 2n ) ! , n=0,1,2,

, 2 n +2 2 n +3 :

40
 2
x ( 2n + 1)( 2n + 2) c + 2n( 2n + 1) c 2 n+1 ( 2n + 1) c2 n +1 + c 2 n = ( 1)
2n n

2 n +2
( 2n ) !

( 2n +1)( 2n + 2)c2 n+2 = ( 1) n 2

c ( 2n +1)( 2n + 2)c2 n+2 = ( 1) n 2 + 2n 1
( 2n ) ! 2 n ( 2n ) !

2n +1
c 2 n +2 = ( 1)
n

( 2n + 2 ) ! .

( 2n + 2 )( 2n + 3)c2 n +3 + ( 2n +1)( 2n + 2 )c2 n +2 ( 2n + 2)c2 n +2 + c2 n+1 = ( 1)

n +1
2 n +1
x ( 2n 1) !

( 2n + 2)( 2n + 3) c2 n+3 + ( 2n + 1)( 2n + 2 ) ( 1) 2n = ( 1)

n n

( 2n + 2) ! ( 2n 1) !

( 2n + 2)( 2n + 3)c2 n+3 + ( 1) = ( 1) c2 n+3 = 0.

n n

( 2n 1)! ( 2n 1)!

c2 n +2 c2 n +3 , c2 n c2 n +1 n

n+1. .. .

( 2n 1) x 2n
: y = ( 1)
n +1

( 2n ) ! . :
n =0

2n 2 n x 2n x 2n n x
2n
y = ( 1) x ( 1) n+1 0 + ( 1) + ( 1)
n +1 n +1

( 2n ) ! ( 2n ) ! = ( 2n 1) ! n=0 ( 2n ) ! .
n =0 n =0 n =1

nn+1:

x 2 n +2
n x
2n
x 2 n+1
n x
2n
y = ( 1) + ( 1) = x ( 1) + ( 1)
n +2 n

n =0 ( 2n +1) ! n=0 ( 2n ) ! n =0 ( 2n +1)! n=0 ( 2n ) ! .

(. 3.4, 3.5).

: y = x sin x + cos x .

41
2.

2n
1 1 n +1 2 n 1 1
x1 = , x1 : y = ( 1) .
2 2
n=0 ( 2n ) ! 2

, S Sn ,

1
Rn < an + . : a0 =1 , a1 = =0,125 ,
1
2 !4

a2 =
3
= 0,0078125 1
4!16 , a3 = 0,00010146 . y 2 1 + 0,125 0,008 = 1,117 .

1
Rn <a3 <0,001 . : y = x sin x + cos x , y 1,117 .
2

1. , n

1
a) y = y 2 x, y ( 0) =1, n =5 ; b) y = y 2 + x 2 , y ( 1) = 2, y( 1) = 2 , n = 6 .

x 2 2 x3 7 x 4
:a) y = 1 + x + + + + b)
2 3 12

y =2+
( x + 1) + 5( x + 1) 2 +
15( x + 1)
4
+
( x + 1) + ( x + 1) + .
5 6

2 2 16 2 3

2. ,

, .

1
a) y + xy = 0, y ( 0 ) = 1, y( 0 ) = 0 ; b) xy + y + xy = 0, y ( 0 ) = 1, y ( 0) = .
2

42
 1 4 7 ( 3n 2 ) x 3n


x2n
a) y = 1 + ( 1) ; b) y = ( 1)
n n
: .
n =1 ( 3n ) ! n =0 (2 n
)
n!
2

43
 .

1.

2.

e x , sin x, cos x, ln (1 + x ), (1 + x ) , f(x)

m

(x-a) .

3. ,

0,001.

4. 4-5

5.

( ).

y = ( x ) , y (0) = y 0, y ( 0 ) = y 0 ,

x1 ( ( x1 ) )

0,01.

44
 1.
N 2
1 3
f(x) a

( x + 7 ) ln n
n 2
1 x2
( 1) 0 x
n
1 x e x
1 sh dx
n =2
n
n 3 4

( x + 2) n 0 ,5
sin 3 x
2 2 (
n =1
2n 4
n tgn 1
) x e 3 x
3
0
x
dx

n
1 1 1, 5
3 2 n x sin x
3
9 n ( x + 3) e x -2 x
4
cos dx
( 1) n 3n 0
5
n =1 2
2 n ( x + 3)
n 1

x 1 x3
4
n =2 n ( 3 ln n +1)
2
cos
4
1 0 x 2 arctg
2
dx

( x 5) n

3
1 x x
5 n =1 n 1
3 5 n sin
x e 2x
-1 x ch 3 cos 3 dx
0
n
n
5

6 x n
2
1 x x
6 ( 1) n 61 ln 4 x 3 x 2
ch cos dx
2 2
n =1 6
n sin 0

n
n
3 2
4n x +
3
x
e dx
4
x
7
4 sin

n =1
4
n + 4 4 n
2 2
0

9 ( x 1)
2n 1
n
dx
( 1) n 9
x
8
n =1
n
n 9
( x 3) e 2 -3
0
3
8 + x2

2 n ( x 12 )
n x3

n=1 2 n 3 + 2 n
2

9 ln ( 4 + x ) 1 e 100
dx
0

n
1 2 x3
3 x n
3
10


3 -2 e 12
dx
( ) x x2
2

n =1 2
2n
n 2 n 0

2 n 1
3 0,5
4n x + dx
11


2 cos x 2

3 5
1 + x3
n =1 n + 4 n
4 0

( x 3) 2 n
0
(
ln 1 + x 4 dx )
3

12 ( 1)
n =1
n

n + 2 3 n + 3
sin x 2
4
x2
4

( x + 4) 2 n 1
1
x2
13 ( 1) n
n =1 n + 2 4 n + 4 1 x2
2 x arctg
0
2

4
dx

45

( x + 3) n n 5
1 x
14
n =1 ( n + 2 ) 3
2n
ln (1 x ) -1 x arctg
0
10
dx

1 3
n 1 x x
( 1) ( x + 2) x
2 n 1
15
n
9 n
x2 ex 1 2
sh sin dx
n =1 0 3 3

( x + 2) n 2
1 x x
16
n =1 ln ( n +1)
x e
2 x
-1 x sh 2 + sin 2 dx
0

( x + 5)
n

0
x4
( 1) 1 + dx
n 4
17 x cos 3 x x ln 1
n =1
n
n +2 3 4

n ( x 4)
0 , 75
n

( 1) 1 + x 4 dx
3
18 sin 2 x + 0
n =1
n
n +3 3 0

( x + 1) 2 n 1 1
1 x3
19
n =1 n + ln ( n + 1)
ch 2 x 1 0 x 2 10 dx
ln 1

( x 1) 2 n 1 1
x5
20 n + ln ( n +1)
sh 3 x -1 0 5
ln 1
dx
n =1
n 1 x2

( 1) n +1 ( x + 3) n

21 -8 e
n 3
x 12
dx
n =1 2n + 3 0
2n
3

0 ,5
x
1 + x 3 dx
3
22 cos 2 x +
( 1) n 2 n 4 4 0
n =1 n +4
1

23 ( 1) sin 1 ( x 5) 2 n1
n 1
x( x 1)
-2 x
5
ch
x
dx
n =1 n 0
3

( x + 6) n

0,6
dx
24 n
n =1
2
+5 n
x sin 2 x - 4
0 1 + x3
n 0,5

n n 1
25 ( 1) ( x + 2) 1 x( cos 2 x + ch 2 x ) dx
2n

n =1 9 n + 2 x 2x + 3
2
0

n 0
x dx
26 ( 1) n cos
n =1
( x + 4)
n + 1
2
2n
x cos
4
2
0 , 75
1 x5
0

3n 2
n
x
( 1) 1 x 3 dx
n 4
27 x sin -1
n =1 ln( n +1) 3 2 0 , 5
n 0

ln ( 4 x 2 )

n
( 1) ( x 2) 243 x 5 dx
5
28 n

n
1
n =1 3n + 2 2
2
n
( x 2)
3
5 ln ( 3 x ) dx
n
29 n +2
-2 1 + x 6
n =1
0

3n ( x 7 )
n 1
x dx
( 1) 16 + x
n
30 4 n ( n +1) ln( n +1)
cos
4
4
n =1 0

46
 2.
4 5
N
. . .. x1
1
y (0) = ,
1 y = e xy
y
y ( 3) = 0 (x 2
+ 1) y + 4 xy + 2 y = 2 x 3
1
2
y ( 0 ) = 0

y = 2 x cos y y (1) =
(x 2
)
3 y 2 xy + 2 y = y (0) =1,
2 1
2 (
= x 1 chx 2 x shx
2
) y ( 0 ) = 2
y (0) =1,
3 y = x 2 + y 3 y (1) =1 (x 2
)
1 y 2( x 1) y + 2 y = x 2 + 1 e x ( ) y ( 0 ) = 1
-1

y = 2 x 2 + y 3 5 y ( 2 ) =1
(x 2
)
3 y 2 xy + 2 y = y (0) = 0,
4 1
(
= x 1 shx 2 x chx
2
) y ( 0 ) = 2
y (0) = 2,
5 y = e 2 y + 4 x y ( 1) = 0 (x 2
+ 2 ) y + 4 xy + 2 y = 12 x
y ( 0 ) = 0
1
y (0) = 2,
6 y = x 3 e y y ( 2) = 0 (4 x +1) y +16 xy + 8 y = 6 x
2
y ( 0 ) = 0
1
4

2
( x 1) y 2 xy + 2 y =
2
y (0) = 0, 1
7 y = x 2 + 6 y (3) = 1 1 3x
y = 2 ln (1 + x ) + y ( 0 ) =1 5
1+ x
1
( 2
)
x 1 y 2 xy + 2 y =
y (0) = 0, 1
8 y = xy +x y ( 1) =1 1 + 3x
y = 2 ln (1 x ) + y ( 0 ) = 1 4
1x

y = x y +
x
y ( 2 ) =1
(x 2
3) y 2 xy + 2 y = y (0) =1,
9 2
y = (5 x 2 ) cos x + 2 x sin x y ( 0 ) = 0

y = sin x + cos y y =
(x 2
)
3 y 2 xy + 2 y = y (0) = 0, 3
10
2 2 (
= 5 x sin x 2 x cos x
2
) y ( 0 ) =1 4

y (0) =1,
11 y = sin 2 x + cos y y = ( 5 x 25 ) y xy + y =10 x 50 x 2 1
2 y ( 0 ) = 0

y (0) =1,
( 5 x 25 ) y xy + y =
12 y = x + 2 ln y
2
y ( 2 ) =1 1 2
= 30 x 2 150 x 2 x 3 y ( 0 ) =
5

y = 2 x ln y + 3 y ( 3) =1
( x +1) 2 y 2( x +1) y + 2 y = y (0) = 0, 1
13
= 2 ln (1 + x ) 3 y ( 0 ) =1 5
y (0) = 7, 1
14 y = 2 ln y xy y ( 2 ) =1 ( x +1) y + xy y = 8 y ( 0 ) = 1

3
(x 2
)
+ 1 y + 4 xy + 2 y =
y (0) = 0, 1
15 y = x y + 3e y
y ( 5) = 0 2 + 6x2
= 2 ln 1 + x 2 +( 1 + x2
) y ( 0 ) = 0 2

( )
x 2 + 1 y 2 xy + 2 y =
y (0) = 0, 2
16 y = x y + cos 2 y ( 4 ) = 0 1 3x 2
= ln 1 + x ( 2
) +
1 + x2
y ( 0 ) =1 3

47
 y (0) =1,
17 y = x 4 y 4 + 2 y ( 1) = 2 ( x +1) y + xy y = 6( x + x 2 ) + 2 x 3 y ( 0 ) = 1
-1

y = x 3 + sin y y (1) =
(x 2
5) y 2 xy + 2 y = y (0) =1,
18 1
2 = ( x 3)chx 2 xshx
2 y ( 0 ) = 0
(2 x 1) y 4 xy + 4 y =
2
y (0) =1,
19 y = y x y (1) = 4
= (5 2 x ) cos x + 4 x sin x
2 y ( 0 ) = 0
2

y( 2) = 3
(2 x 1) y 4 xy + 4 y =
2
y (0) = 0,
y = ( 2x y) 1
3
20
= (5 2 x ) sin x + 4 x cos x
2 y ( 0 ) =1

y = e x y x y( 2) = 2
( x +1) y 2 xy + 2 y =
2
y (0) = 0,
21 2
= (1 x ) sin x 2 x cos x
2 y ( 0 ) =1

y ( 2 ) =1
( x +1) y 2 xy + 2 y =
2
y (0) =1,
22 y = x 2 +2 y 1
= e ( x 2 x + 3)
x 2 y ( 0 ) =1
( x 1) y 2 xy + 2 y =
2
y (0) =1,
23 y = y y 4 x y (1) = 4 1
= e (4 x 2 x + 4 )
x 2 4 2 y ( 0 ) = 0
( x 1) y 2 xy + 2 y =
2
y (0) =1,
24 y = xy + 62
y ( 1) = 2
= e ( x + 2 x +1)
x 2 y ( 0 ) = 1
-1

(4 x 1) y 8 xy +8 y =
( )
2
y (0) =1, 1
y( 2) = 0
y 2
25 y = x e +x
= e (16 x + 4 x +10 )
x 2 4 2 y ( 0 ) = 0 3

y (0) =1, 1
26 y = x 2 y 3 + ln x y (1) = 1 ( x + 1) 2 y 2( x + 1) y + 2 y = e x ( x 2 + 1) y ( 0 ) =1 2

y = x 2 + sin y y ( 3) =
(x 2
5) y 2 xy + 2 y = y (0) = 0,
27 1
2 = ( x 3)shx 2 xchx
2 y ( 0 ) =1
y (0) =1, 1
28 y = ( x y ) y
2
y ( 3) = 2 ( x 1) y + ( x +1) y + 2 y = 2
y ( 0 ) =1 2
y (0) = 0, 1
y = ( xy 1) y y ( 2) = 1( x 1) 2 y 2( x 1) y + 2 y = 2 ln (1 x ) 3
2
29
y ( 0 ) = 1 5
1 y (0) =1, 1
30 y = x 2 + y +
y
y ( 1) =1 ( x +1) y + ( x 1) y 2 y = 10 y ( 0 ) = 1

3

48
 .
1... . . / . .., ..

. . - . .., 2000,-612 ./.

2. .., .., .

. . . .

. . 1985, 448..

3. .. , ., ,1973.

49
 .

1. . 4

2. . 7

3. . 16

4. . 28

5. . 32

. 40

. 47.

50