BY: MAYOTE, RENJO

AGRICULTURE
Science of cultivating
plants, animals and other
life forms for food, fiber
and fuel.
Includes enterprises engaged
in growing crops, raising fish
and animals, and logging wood
encompasses farms, dairies,
hatcheries, and ranches.
AGRICULTURE
human cultures, climate variations, &
evolving technologies.

for healthier animals and improve breed

development.
PREHISTORIC
People crafted the sickle for harvesting
The Egyptians developed irrigation
Mesopotamians developed the plow
pulled by oxen.

MIDDLE AGES
horses replaced oxen, increasing the
speed of the plow.
EARLY 1970s
Jethro Tull designed and built the first
mechanical seed planter.
THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION (1700-mid 1800s)
Revolutionized Crop Production
Steamboats Agricultural commodities
Railroads Opening up the marketplace
Improved routes of transportation for farmers.
EARLY 20th CENTURY
a number of new developments helped
improve and radically reshape the
agricultural industry.
BY: INDONG, ALLEYROMAE
 Control & understand the
processes by w/c humans
obtain food and fiber
SCIENCE OF CHEMISTRY IN
RELATION TO AGRICULTURE
Living and non-living
components interact in
a complicated cycles
agricultural production
utilization of agricultural
products
environmental matters.
A G R I C U LT U R A L I N D U S T R Y

FARM IN G P O U LT R Y

FISHERIES FORESTRY
BY: INDONG, ALLEYROMAE
Functions:
1. Enable plants to grow
2. Recycle air, water, & nutrients
3. Maintaining a no. of natural
cycles

SOIL HEALTH/SOIL QUALITY

Continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living ecosystem that
sustains plants, animals and humans.
 any material of natural or
synthetic origin (other than
liming materials) that is
applied to soils or to plant
tissues (usually leaves) to
supply one or more plant
nutrients essential to the
growth of plants.
SELECTING THE RIGHT

5 MAJOR OUTCOMES OF COMMON

APPLIED FERTILIZER FERTILIZERS
1. Taken up by the crop
1. Nitrogen
2. reacts with soil minerals and organic
matter to become part of the soil Fertilizer
reserve 2. Phosphate
3. can leach from the root zone with water Fertilizer
4. can be lost to the atmosphere as a gas
5. can move from the field through soil 3. Potassium
erosion and water runoff Fertilizer
SELECTING THE RIGHT

Nitrogen Fertilizer
Nitrate (NO3-)
Very soluble in soil and water.
Excessive rainfall: Easily move in rootzone
In Wet soils
Nitrate + Bacteria N2O (Nitrous Oxide)
Can be converted to N2 gas (Inert gas)
SELECTING THE RIGHT

Nitrogen Fertilizer
Ammonium (NH4+)
Largely held on soil cation exchange sites
Warm aerated soil (Few days/weeks)
NH4+ NO3-
Soil surface
NH4+ NH3(g)
SELECTING THE RIGHT

Nitrogen Fertilizer
Urea [ CO(NH2)2]
Moves freely in soil and water
Warm soils
CO(NH2)2 NH4+
In the presence of UREASE
Soil Surface
Portion will be left as ammonia gas
Chemical compounds used to
preclude the spread of fungi or
plants in crops gardens
CONTACT FUNGICIDE
Kills fungi when sprayed on its surface
SYSTEMATIC FUNGICIDE
Absorbed by the plant and then shows its
effects

Vinclozolin: very dangerous to

human health
 Process by which plants,
some bacteria and some
protistans use the energy
from sunlight to produce
glucose from carbon dioxide
and water. This glucose can
be converted into
pyruvate which releases
adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) by cellular respiration.
Oxygen is also formed.
BY: MAYOTE, RENJO
 deals with the harvesting
and management of
ecological systems.
Science of the harvesting,
planting, and tending of
trees, primarily in managed
forested landscapes.
FORESTRY &
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE: deals with
a greater variety of
species and products
FORESTRY: deals with
trees only.
harvesting and managing crops to
MAIN produce ongoing yields of organic
GOAL products that are required by
society.
FORESTRY &
AGRICULTURE
Used to provide a vast
array of products that
includes lumber, plywood,
pulp and paper, and other
wood products.
Prevents erosion
Help maintain the
water cycle
Provide
atmospheric
oxygen.
 refers to the practice of
simply allowing a forested
area to grow back on its
own, once trees have been
harvested.

Promote the regrowth of a forest area.

Process often takes a great deal of
time (may not be economically desirable.)
( silvi means "trees")
deals with trees only.
a special field of forest
management that involves the
development of activities designed
to establish, tend, protect, and
harvest crops of trees, especially
for use as timber.
A scientist calculating the age of a tree
 PERIODIC SELECTION AND
HARVESTING OF A MIXED-
SPECIES FOREST
(every decade/two)
- more natural silvicultural system
- with reliance on natural
regeneration
ensure renewal of the economic Foresters use precipitation collection
resource. sites such as this one to better
manage forest resources.
Chemicals which are employed to
kill or control vegetation.
Common salt
Ash
Smelter waste

The discovery of the herbicidal activity of

2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
first synthesized in 1941, triggered the
development of modern herbicide
technology. CHClO
2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
1. INORGANIC HERBICIDES 2. ORGANIC HERBICIDES
AMS Copper sulfate
Borate (metal) Copper-triethanolamine
Borate (octal) Hexaflurate
Borax Potassium azide
Calcium cynamide Sodium azide
Copper chelate Sodium chlorate
Copper-ethylenediamine Sulfuric acid
1.SELECTIVE HERBICIDES 2. NON-SELECTIVE HERBICIDES
are chemicals that suppress or kill suppress a wide range of vegetation.
certain weeds without significantly
injuring an associated crop or other
desirable plant species.
1. SOIL APPLIED HERBICIDE
Soil applied before planting, before crop
or weed emergence, or after the plants
emerge in specific situation.
Must be moved into the soil profile by
water or mechanical incorporation to be
effective because some of the herbicide
are volatile.
2. FOLIAGE APPLIED HERBICIDE
May be directed away from crops or applied in
shields to minimize foliage exposures to these
chemicals.
Herbicides of this type often effectively suppress
root, rhizome or shoot growth at a considerable
distance from the point of application that is
either the soil (root) or the foliage.

It includes the entire sequence of
events that occur from the time the
weed absorbs the herbicide to the
final plant response (usually death).
Absorption
translocation to an active site
inhibition of a specific
biochemical reaction
degradation or breakdown of
the herbicide in the plant and
soil
the effect of the herbicide on
plant growth and physiology.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
OF HERBICIDES
AMINO ACID GROWTH LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS
SYNTHESIS REGULATOR INHIBITORS
INHIBITORS HERBICIDES (ACCASE INHIBITORS)

PlantsSEEDLING
use proteins in functional,
storage and structural PHOTOSYNTHESIS
roles. PIGMENT
GROWTH
INHIBITORS INHIBITORS
a. INHIBITORS
Branched chain amino acid inhibitors
[ALS (acetolactate synthase) or
AHAS (acetohydroxyacid
CELL MEMBRANE synthase) inhibitors].
CELLULOSE UNKNOWN
b. Aromatic amino
DISRUPTORS AND acid synthesis inhibitors
BIOSYNTHESIS MODE OF
(ESPS inhibitors) ACTION
ORGANIC ARSENICALS INHIBITORS
By: Indong, Alleyromae
Study the causes and effects
of Biochemical Reactions.
Develop chemical products

Increase yield
Improve Quality
Reduce Cost
GENETIC ENGINEERING OF CROPS
More herbicide-tolerant
GENETIC ENGINEERING OF PRODUCE
Promote longer shelf-life
Improve taste and color
IMPROVEMENT OF PLANTS NATURAL
TOLERANCE TO CERTAIN PESTS
WORKING DESCRIPTION
Development of a molecule or
a chemical compound that
controls a weed/other pests.
Full-scale manufacturing
Modification of a molecule
Testing for impact and fate of
the chemical in food and the
environment
WORKING CONDITION
Generally work in a lab or a
simulated environment (test
field/waterway)
Analytical Chemistry methods
are used: agricultural chemicals
Knowledge about Basic Organic
Chemistry
PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Government Agencies (USDA, Must be able to think in an
FDA, EPA, & academia)
O interdisciplinary manner:
considering many ideas
Food companies involved in simultaneously across diff
GMO scientific disciplines
SALARY RANGE (annual) Good communication skills
Ph.D. Chemists : $70,000s

B.S. and M.A degree holders:

$30,000s to $40,000s
By: Indong, Alleyromae
 PHILIPPINES AGRICULTURAL
INDUSTRY
Known as an agricultural country
(30,000,000 hectares)
AGRICULTURAL LAND: 47%
Coconut: 4,250,000 hectares
Sugarcane: 673,000 hectares
Industrial crops: 591,000 hectares
Fruits: 148,000 hectares
Vegetables & Root crops: 270,000 hectares
Pasture: 404,000 hectares
Cutflower: 133,000 hectares
 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
www.da.gov.ph
Principal agency of the Philippine
government responsible for the
promotion of agricultural development
growth.
INTERNATIONAL RICE
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
www.irri.org
A nonprofit agricultural research & training
center established to improve the well-
being of present & future generations of
rice farmers & consumers, particularly
those with low incomes
 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
NATIONAL FOOD AUTHORITY
www.nfa.gov.ph
Was created under the name National
Grains Authority, with the mission of
promoting the integrated growth and
development of the grains industry
covering rice, corn, feed grains and other
grains like sorghum, mongo, and peanut.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM
www.dar.gov.ph
Is the principal agency responsible for
implementing the Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
NATIONAL IRRIGATION
ADMINISTRATION
members.tripod.com/niacombiscon
A government-owned and controlled
corporation tasked with the development
and operation of irrigation systems all
over the country.
 END!

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