Gin 14

GROUND INVESTIGATION, GIN > TABLE OF CONTENTS
INSTRUMENTATION AND SOIL TESTING
GIN GROUND INVESTIGATION, INSTRUMENTATION AND SOIL TESTING

.............................................................................................................................. 5
MATERIALS.................................................................................................................................. 5
GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................. 5
GIN.M010.7 SUBMISSION OF DETAILS REGARDING GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATION ....................................................................................5
GIN.M020.7 SUBMISSION OF DETAILS REGARDING GROUND INVESTIGATION .5
GIN.M050.7 FENCING .........................................................................................................5
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................. 6
GIN.M110.7 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS6
GIN.M120.7 STANDPIPE PIEZOMETERS .........................................................................6
WORKMANSHIP .......................................................................................................................... 7
GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................. 7
GIN.W010.7 METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................7
GIN.W020.7 DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................7
GIN.W030.7 PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................9
GIN.W035.7 FENCING ....................................................................................................... 10
GIN.W040.7 SUBMISSION OF RECORDS AND REPORTS - GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 10
GIN.W050.7 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS12
GIN.W060.7 LOCATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATION .................................................................................. 12
GIN.W070.7 INSTALLATION OF INSTRUMENTS......................................................... 12
GIN.W080.7 ATTACHMENT OF TUBES AND CABLES TO INSTRUMENTS ............ 13
GIN.W090.7 MAINTENANCE OF GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION............... 13
GIN.W100.7 RECORDS OF GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION ......................... 13
GIN.W110.7 MONITORING AND RECORDING INSTRUMENT READINGS -
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................... 13
GIN.W120.7 CALIBRATION OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS .................................. 14
GIN.W130.7 DEPTHS OF EXPLORATION ...................................................................... 14
GIN.W140.7 USE OF CASING ........................................................................................... 14
GIN.W150.7 REMOVAL OF CASING ............................................................................... 15
GIN.W160.7 SITE LOG BOOK........................................................................................... 15
GIN.W170.7 DISPLAY OF REMOVED MATERIAL ....................................................... 15
GIN.W180.7 MARKING HOLES........................................................................................ 15
GIN.W190.7 ACCESS SCAFFOLDING ............................................................................. 15
GIN.W200.7 WORKING OVER WATER .......................................................................... 16
GIN.W210.7 WATER LEVELS .......................................................................................... 17
GIN.W220.7 WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT ............................................................. 17
SAMPLING .......................................................................................................................................... 17
GIN.W310.7 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 17
GIN.W320.7 EQUIPMENT USED FOR SAMPLING ........................................................ 17
GIN.W330.7 SAMPLE NUMBERING ................................................................................ 18
GIN.W340.7 LABELLING OF SAMPLES ......................................................................... 18
GIN.W350.7 SMALL DISTURBED SAMPLES FROM DRILLHOLES ........................... 18
GIN.W360.7 SMALL DISTURBED SAMPLES FROM TRIAL PITS, TRIAL
TRENCHES OR SLOPE STRIPPINGS ......................................................... 19
GIN.W370.7 BLOCK SAMPLES ........................................................................................ 19
GIN.W380.7 LARGE DISTURBED SAMPLES FROM TRIAL PITS, TRIAL
TRENCHES OR SLOPE STRIPPINGS ......................................................... 19
GIN.W390.7 UNDISTURBED SAMPLES FROM TRIAL PITS OR TRIAL TRENCHES19
GIN.W400.7 OPEN DRIVE UNDISTURBED SAMPLERS .............................................. 19
GIN.W402.7 GROUNDWATER SAMPLES FROM LAND CONTAMINATION
INVESTIGATIONS ....................................................................................... 20
GIN.W405.7 SOIL SAMPLES FROM LAND CONTAMINATION INVESTIGATIONS 21
GIN.W406.7 SAFETY MEASURES FOR LAND CONTAMINATION
INVESTIGATIONS ....................................................................................... 22
GIN.W410.7 CLEANING HOLE BEFORE SAMPLING ................................................... 22
Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /1

GIN.W420.7 OPEN DRIVE SAMPLING IN BOREHOLES AND DRILLHOLES ........... 23

GIN.W430.7 OPEN DRIVE UNDISTURBED SAMPLING IN AUGER HOLES ............. 23
GIN.W440.7 OPEN DRIVE SAMPLING IN TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES ..... 23
GIN.W450.7 WITHDRAWING THE SAMPLER ............................................................... 23
GIN.W460.7 SEALING OF COMMON GROUND TUBE SAMPLES .............................. 24
GIN.W470.7 GROUND WATER SAMPLES ..................................................................... 24
GIN.W480.7 LINER SAMPLES FROM STANDARD PENETRATION TESTS .............. 24
GIN.W490.7 PISTON SAMPLING ..................................................................................... 24
GIN.W500.7 RETRACTABLE TRIPLE TUBE CORE SAMPLER ................................... 25
GIN.W510.7 VIBROCORING ............................................................................................. 26
GIN.W520.7 FIELD MOISTURE CONTENT SAMPLES ................................................. 27
GIN.W530.7 LARGE DIAMETER PISTON SAMPLING ................................................. 27
GIN.W540.7 STORAGE OF LARGE DIAMETER PISTON SAMPLES .......................... 28
GIN.W560.7 CORE BOXES ................................................................................................ 28
GIN.W570.7 EXTRUSION AND HANDLING OF CORES .............................................. 28
GIN.W610.7 CORE SAMPLES FOR LABORATORY TESTS ......................................... 29
GIN.W620.7 DELIVERY AND STORAGE OF SAMPLES ............................................... 29
INSPECTION PITS, TRIAL PITS, TRIAL TRENCHES AND SLOPE SURFACE STRIPPING29
GIN.W710.7 INSPECTION PITS ........................................................................................ 29
GIN.W720.7 EXCAVATION OF TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES....................... 30
GIN.W730.7 SIZE AND SUPPORT OF TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES ............ 30
GIN.W740.7 ACCESS TO TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES ................................. 31
GIN.W750.7 PUBLIC SAFETY .......................................................................................... 31
GIN.W760.7 PHOTOGRAPHS OF TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES .................... 31
GIN.W770.7 BACKFILLING OF INSPECTION PITS, TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL
TRENCHES .................................................................................................... 31
GIN.W777.7 RECORDS OF INSPECTION PITS............................................................... 32
GIN.W780.7 RECORDS OF TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES .............................. 32
GIN.W790.7 SLOPE SURFACE PROTECTION STRIPPING........................................... 33
DRILLING AND HAND AUGERING FOR GROUND INVESTIGATION ................................. 34
GIN.W810.7 METHOD AND PLANT TYPE ..................................................................... 34
GIN.W820.7 SIZE OF DRILL HOLES ............................................................................... 36
GIN.W825.7 CATEGORIES OF CORE DRILLING .......................................................... 36
GIN.W828.7 RECOVERY OF CORES ............................................................................... 36
GIN.W830.7 CORING RUN LENGTH ............................................................................... 36
GIN.W840.7 BLOCKED DRILLHOLE .............................................................................. 37
GIN.W850.7 USE OF LUBRICANTS AND FLUSHING MEDIUMS ............................... 37
GIN.W860.7 RAPID DRILLHOLES ................................................................................... 37
GIN.W865.7 ROTARY OPEN HOLE DRILLING ............................................................. 38
GIN.W870.7 INCLINATION AND BEARING MEASUREMENT OF DRILLHOLES.... 38
GIN.W910.7 DRILLING RECORDS .................................................................................. 38
GIN.W920.7 BACKFILLING OF DRILLHOLES AND ROTARY OPEN HOLES .......... 39
GIN.W930.7 BACKFILLING OF COREHOLES ............................................................... 39
GIN.W940.7 METHOD OF AUGERING............................................................................ 39
GIN.W950.7 DIAMETER OF AUGER HOLES ................................................................. 40
FIELD INSTALLATIONS .................................................................................................................. 40
GIN.W1110.7 INSTALLATION OF STANDPIPES ............................................................. 40
GIN.W1130.7 INSTALLATION OF PIEZOMETERS ......................................................... 40
GIN.W1135.7 INSTALLATION OF BUCKETS IN STANDPIPES AND PIEZOMETERS41
GIN.W1140.7 MONITORING STANDPIPES AND PIEZOMETERS ................................. 41
GIN.W1145.7 AUTOMATIC GROUNDWATER MONITORING DEVICE IN
STANDPIPES AND PIEZOMETERS ........................................................... 42
GIN.W1150.7 FLUSHING OUT STANDPIPES AND PIEZOMETERS ............................. 42
GIN.W1160.7 INSTALLING INCLINOMETER ACCESS TUBES .................................... 42
GIN.W1170.7 TAKING INCLINOMETER READINGS ..................................................... 43
GIN.W1180.7 MONITORING MOVEMENTS OF RETAINING STRUCTURES AND
CRACKS ........................................................................................................ 43
GIN.W1190.7 TILTMETER SYSTEM.................................................................................. 44
GIN.W1200.7 TELLTALES .................................................................................................. 44
GIN.W1210.7 DEMAG GAUGE ........................................................................................... 45
GIN.W1220.7 SETTLEMENT MARKERS........................................................................... 45

GIN.W1230.7 MAGNETIC EXTENSOMETER ................................................................... 45

GIN.W1240.7 PHOTOGRAPHS OF GROUND INVESTIGATION WORKS .................... 46
GIN.W1260.7 DATA FOR SETTING OUT THE WORKS .................................................. 47
GIN.W1270.7 RESULTS AND SAMPLES TO BECOME THE EMPLOYER'S
PROPERTY .................................................................................................... 48
GIN.W1280.7 TOLERANCES .............................................................................................. 48
TESTING ...................................................................................................................................... 49
FIELD TESTS ...................................................................................................................................... 49
GIN.T010.7 RESPONSE TEST AND WATER LEVEL READINGS IN STANDPIPES
AND PIEZOMETERS .................................................................................... 49
GIN.T020.7 IMPRESSION PACKER TEST...................................................................... 49
GIN.T040.7 N-SCHMIDT HAMMER TEST ..................................................................... 50
GIN.T050.7 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST ............................................................ 50
GIN.T060.7 PACKER (WATER ABSORPTION) TEST .................................................. 52
GIN.T070.7 VANE SHEAR TEST ..................................................................................... 52
GIN.T080.7 FALLING OR RISING HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST .............................. 53
GIN.T090.7 CONSTANT HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST............................................... 54
GIN.T110.7 IN-SITU DENSITY TEST.............................................................................. 54
GIN.T120.7 DYNAMIC PROBE TEST ............................................................................. 54
GIN.T130.7 PUMPING TEST ............................................................................................ 55
GIN.T140.7 PRESSUREMETER TEST ............................................................................. 57
GIN.T150.7 POINT LOAD TEST ON ROCK CORE ........................................................ 58
GIN.T180.7 GOODMAN JACK TEST .............................................................................. 59
GIN.T190.7 PLATE LOAD TEST ..................................................................................... 59
GIN.T200.7 ACOUSTIC BOREHOLE TELEVIEWER SURVEY ................................... 60
GIN.T210.7 CONE PENETRATION TEST ....................................................................... 61
LABORATORY TESTS ...................................................................................................................... 62
GIN.T310.7 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 62
GIN.T320.7 LABORATORY TESTING DEFINITIONS .................................................. 63
GIN.T340.7 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OF SAMPLES ................................................ 63
GIN.T350.7 RETENTION OF SAMPLES ......................................................................... 63
GIN.T360.7 CLASSIFICATION AND CHEMICAL TESTS ............................................ 64
GIN.T365.7 TRIAXIAL TESTS ON SOIL SAMPLES ..................................................... 64
GIN.T367.7 TRIAXIAL TESTS ON LOOSELY COMPACTED FILL MATERIALS..... 64
GIN.T380.7 ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION TEST ....................................... 65
GIN.T390.7 SPLITTING OF UNDISTURBED SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM TRIPLE
TUBE RETRACTABLE CORE BARRELS .................................................. 66
GIN.T400.7 DIRECT SHEAR BOX TEST ........................................................................ 66
GIN.T410.7 SOIL COMPACTION TEST .......................................................................... 66
GIN.T420.7 DETERMINATION OF THE CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO ................ 66
GIN.T430.7 ROWE CELL TESTING OF LARGE DIAMETER PISTON SAMPLES ..... 66
GIN.T440.7 UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST ........................................ 68
GIN.T450.7 ROCK JOINT SHEAR TEST ......................................................................... 68
APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 69
APPENDIX I - AGS DIGITAL FORMAT FOR DATA OF FIELDWORK .................................. 69
GIN.APPEND1.7 APPENDIX I - AGS DIGITAL FORMAT FOR DATA OF FIELDWORK . 69
APPENDIX II - AGS DIGITAL FORMAT FOR DATA OF LABORATORY TESTING ........... 70
GIN.APPEND2.7 APPENDIX II - AGS DIGITAL FORMAT FOR DATA OF
LABORATORY TESTING ............................................................................ 70
APPENDIX III - DAILY RECORD SHEET, DRILLHOLE, TRIAL PIT, TRIAL TRENCH AND
SLOPE SURFACE STRIPPING REPORT FORMATS .................................................................. 71
GIN.APPEND3.7 DAILY RECORD SHEET, DRILLHOLE, TRIAL PIT, TRIAL TRENCH
AND SLOPE SURFACE STRIPPING REPORT FORMATS ....................... 71
APPENDIX IV - LOCKABLE SURFACE BOX FOR PIEZOMETER & STANDPIPE
INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................. 72
GIN.APPEND4.7 APPENDIX IV - LOCKABLE SURFACE BOX FOR PIEZOMETER &
STANDPIPE INSTALLATION ..................................................................... 72
APPENDIX V - DETAILS OF PIEZOMETER AND STANDPIPE ............................................... 73
GIN.APPEND5.7 APPENDIX V - DETAILS OF PIEZOMETER AND STANDPIPE ............. 73

APPENDIX VII - STANDPIPE/PIEZOMETER MONITORING .................................................. 74

GIN.APPEND7.7 APPENDIX VII - STANDPIPE/PIEZOMETER MONITORING ................. 74
APPENDIX X - N-SCHMIDT HAMMER TEST .............................................................................. 75
GIN.APPEND10.7 APPENDIX X - N-SCHMIDT HAMMER TEST ............................. 75
APPENDIX XI - PUMPING TEST .................................................................................................... 76
GIN.APPEND11.7 APPENDIX XI - PUMPING TEST ................................................... 76
APPENDIX XIII - REQUIREMENTS ON APPROVED SIGNATORY OF TEST CERTIFICATES
AND REPORTS AND SENIOR LABORATORY TECHNICIANS FOR SOIL AND ROCK
TESTING .............................................................................................................................................. 77
GIN.APPEND13.7 APPENDIX XIII - REQUIREMENTS ON APPROVED
SIGNATORY OF TEST CERTIFICATES AND REPORTS AND SENIOR
LABORATORY TECHNICIANS FOR SOIL AND ROCK TESTING ........ 77
APPENDIX XVIII - DETAILS OF SETTLEMENT MONITORING STATIONS ....................... 78
GIN.APPEND18.7 APPENDIX XVIII - DETAILS OF SETTLEMENT MONITORING
STATIONS ..................................................................................................... 78
APPENDIX XXI - LOCATION OF HKHA'S CORES STORES .................................................... 79
GIN.APPEND21.7 APPENDIX XXI - LOCATION OF HKHA'S CORE STORES ....... 79
APPENDIX XXII - DETAILS OF GROUND WATER SAMPLING WELL ................................ 80
GIN.APPEND22.7 APPENDIX XXII - DETAILS OF GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
WELL ........................................................................................................... 80

GROUND INVESTIGATION, ...... GIN > MATERIALS
GIN GROUND INVESTIGATION,

INSTRUMENTATION AND SOIL
TESTING
MATERIALS
GENERAL
GIN.M010.7 SUBMISSION OF DETAILS REGARDING GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATION
1. The following particulars of the proposed geotechnical instrumentation shall be
submitted to the CM:
a. Details of instruments and any alternative instruments proposed;
b. Manufacturer's specifications;
c. Test and calibration certificates;
d. Method of installation;
e. Method of acceptance testing;
f. Details of ancillary measuring equipment;
g. Schedule for installing instrumentation in relation to other work;
h. Documents showing that the instruments are capable of measuring within
the ranges and accuracies stated in this Worksection and as shown on the
Drawings;
i. Name and experience of persons responsible for installation, testing and
monitoring of instruments;
j. Details of standpipe piezometer tips, including manufacturer's specification;
and
k. Details of the form of records;
2. The particulars shall be submitted for Approval at least 28 days before
installation of instrumentation starts.
GIN.M020.7 SUBMISSION OF DETAILS REGARDING GROUND INVESTIGATION

1. Submit the following particulars of the proposed materials and methods for
ground investigation to CM:
a. Details of drilling and in-situ testing equipment;
b. Details of sampling equipment; and
c. Details of filter materials and fill materials for drilling and testing.
2. Submit the particulars for Approval at least 7 days before the relevant work
starts.
GIN.M050.7 FENCING
Comply with Worksection EXT9.

GROUND INVESTIGATION, ...... GIN > MATERIALS
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT

GIN.M110.7 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Instruments for geotechnical instrumentation and their accessories shall be
provided complete with all appropriate tubing, connections, monitoring
equipment, read-out units and any other tools necessary for the installation
calibration, setting to work and maintenance of the instruments;
2. Instruments shall be manufactured by companies with proven experience and
only instruments which are well proven and have been in successful use shall be
used, unless otherwise agreed by the CM;
3. Installed instruments shall become the property of the Employer. Detachable
tubing, connections, monitoring equipment and read-out units shall become the
property of the Contractor upon the expiry of the Maintenance Period.
GIN.M120.7 STANDPIPE PIEZOMETERS

1. Unless otherwise specified, standpipe piezometer is also referred to as
piezometer in this Worksection;
2. Piezometer tips for geotechnical instrumentation shall be porous ceramic or
plastic material at least 200 mm long and with a bore of at least 25 mm. The
permeability shall be at least 10-4 m/sec;
3. The piezometer tip shall be connected to rigid uPVC standpipes with a bore of at
least 25 mm and with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm. The standpipes shall be
joined together and to the piezometer tips in such a manner that the joints remain
leak-proof under the anticipated head of water.

GROUND INVESTIGATION, ...... GIN > WORKMANSHIP
WORKMANSHIP
GENERAL
GIN.W010.7 METHODOLOGY
1. Except otherwise specified or Instructed, carry out all ground investigation
works in accordance with 'Geoguide 2: Guide to Site Investigation', GEO,
'Geotechnical Manual for Slopes', GEO, British Standard BS 1377:1990 -
'Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes', 'Geospec 3: Model
Specification for Soil Testing', GEO, together with any of its Corrigenda.
Description of all samples and exposures shall generally be in accordance with
'Geoguide 3: Guide to Rock and Soil Description', GEO;
2. The various methods of sub-surface exploration to be used during the ground
investigation are defined in this Worksection;
3. Carry out each exploration method in such a way that even slight changes in the
character of the strata can be detected and the soil or rock removed from any
hole shall be truly representative of the subsurface;
4. The exploration techniques shall accurately reveal the location of all changes of
strata and shall facilitate the taking of disturbed and undisturbed samples at any
depth;
5. Chose the exploration techniques, methods and equipment in such a way that all
drill casings and other ground investigation tools such as drill rods and drill bits
etc. shall be retrieved from all drillholes upon completion of drilling so that they
would not become underground obstructions to future developments. If any drill
casings and other ground investigation tools cannot be retrieved from drillholes,
inform the CM immediately and record in accordance with GIN.W040.
GIN.W020.7 DEFINITIONS
Definitions of words and terms used in this Worksection include the followings:
1. On completion of the investigation, the holes may be required to give further
information on site conditions by the installation of perforated standpipes,
Casagrande, Cambridge type or pneumatic piezometers. With the exception of
pneumatic piezometers, these installations shall be called "observation wells";
2. The word "holes" shall mean all boreholes, auger holes, drillholes, Delft sample
holes, probe holes, Penetration Vane Shear Test holes and trial pits, trial trenches,
slope surface strippings where the context refers to them collectively. An
"uncompleted hole" means any hole in which work is being carried out, and
includes any hole which has not yet been backfilled;
3. "Hole Reference Number" shall mean the unit number allocated by the CM to a
hole;
4. "Final Report" shall be a report submitted to the CM after satisfactory
completion of the Works specified and after the CM's or his Representative's
acceptance of the draft reports of fieldworks, field tests and/or laboratory tests;
5. "Boring" shall mean advancing a hole into the sub-surface by the cable tool
method using a suitable shell, chisel or clay cutter. Boring will be used
principally in conjunction with disturbed and open drive undisturbed sampling.
The rig used shall be called a "boring rig" and the hole formed shall be called a
"borehole";
6. "Hand augering" shall mean advancing a hole using a portable soil auger rotated
by hand and will be used principally for shallow exploration in fine-grained
materials. The hole formed shall be called an "auger hole";

7. "Drilling" shall mean the use of a machine-driven rig for advancing a hole in
rock or soil and recovering a core with a rotary cutting tool tipped with
diamonds or other hard materials. If Instructed that a core is not required the
Contractor may use a rock roller or similar bit. The rig shall be called a "drilling
rig", and the hole formed shall be called a "drillhole";
8. "Probing" shall mean advancing a tool of specified dimensions into the ground
without the use of boring, drilling, hand augering or excavation equipment, using
either static or dynamic forces and recording the resistance to penetration offered
by the ground. The hole formed shall be called a "probe hole";
9. "Sample" is any quantity of material obtained from the ground for the purposes
of inspection, logging or testing;
10. A "sample tube" shall mean the container into which undisturbed soil is forced
during sampling and in which the soil is extracted from the ground and stored.
A "sampler" shall mean the sample tube and all the accessories that are required
to obtain the undisturbed sample of soil;
11. Definitions used for laboratory testing staff are given in the testing section to this
Worksection;
12. "Datum station" is a mark for which horizontal or vertical values, or both, have
been fixed, and which is used as a datum for monitoring or control surveys;
13. "Geotechnical instrumentation" is the installation and monitoring of instruments
in the ground or structures to provide information on soil and rock parameters,
and to monitor specific variations in the condition of the ground or structures for
the purposes of geotechnical design, construction control and performance
monitoring;
14. "Monitoring mark" is a mark, fixed or installed, on a structure to be monitored;
15. "Reference point" is a mark placed close to another important survey mark to aid
recovery or replacement;
16. "Survey station" is a mark on a stone, concrete, metal or wooden block, pipe,
peg or other item defining a surveyed position;
17. "Investigation station" is the area within 1 metre from the specified point or area;
18. "Common ground" is material of clay, silt, sand, gravel, cobbles and all other
types of material other than rock or boulders;
19. "Boulders" are rock fragments greater than 200 mm in size;
20. "Cobbles" are rock fragments 60 mm to 200 mm in size;
21. "Gravel" is soil particles 2 mm to 60 mm in size;
22. "Rock" is naturally occurring material of Grades I to III as classified in Table 4
of Geoguide 3 'Guide to Rock and Soil Descriptions';
23. "Structural concrete" shall mean concrete materials of over 200 mm unbroken
length measured along the centre line of the hole, either reinforced or
unreinforced that are part of structural elements, such as retaining walls,
foundation caps, etc.;
24. "Unformed area" shall mean an area where slopes of inclination equal to or
greater than 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, over 5 m high imposed between the
nearest road access to Site and the first Investigation Station or between adjacent
Investigation Stations;
For the purpose of this definition the nearest road access to Site shall be that
point which, in the opinion of the CM or his representative, can be reached by a
vehicle carrying a drilling rig.
25. "Formed area" shall mean all areas other than those defined as "unformed areas";
26. "Notation":
Length: mm, m, km

Mass: g, kg, Mg
Area: mm, m
Volume: mm, m
Time: s, min, year
Liquid Volume: l
Force: N, kN, MN
Pressure: kN/m, MPa
Unit Mass: Mg/m, kg/m
Permeability: m/s
Consolidation: mm/s, m/year
27. "Dimensions of Cores" are given in BS 5930:1981;
28. "Hard strata" are natural or man-made materials, which cannot be penetrated,
except by the use of rotary drilling or powered breaking tools;
29. "Block sample" is an undisturbed sample recovered by in-situ hand trimming of
a block of material from the surrounding soil;
30. "Bulk sample" is a sample of at least 10 kg mass, which is representative of the
grading of the material at the point of sampling;
31. "Inspection pit" is a pit for locating and identifying underground utilities and
structures;
32. "Jar sample" is a disturbed sample of at least 0.7 kg mass contained in a
transparent airtight jar, which has a screw cap with an airtight sealing ring;
33. "Slope surface stripping" is the removal of surface protection and vegetation
from existing slopes to expose underlying soil or rock for inspection;
34. "Trial pit" is a pit for inspecting and logging the ground and in which to carry
out in-situ testing and sampling;
35. "Trial trench" is any excavation with dimensions larger than a trial pit on plan;
36. "U76 sample" is an undisturbed sample recovered by advancing a thin-walled
tube of approximately 76 mm diameter with a cutting edge into the soil;
37. "U100 sample" is an undisturbed sample recovered by advancing a thin-walled
tube of approximately 100 mm diameter with a cutting edge into the soil;
38. "Undisturbed soil sample" is a sample complying with Class 1 or Class 2 of
BS 5930:1981;
39. "AGS digital format" is a data format that complies with the Association of
Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (AGS) publication "Electronic
Transfer of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Data";
40. "Inclined hole" is any drillhole or corehole Instructed to be drilled at an angel
between the horizontal and 89.5 from the horizontal;
41. "CP (Logging)" is a person who shall comply with the minimum requirements
on the qualifications and experiences required for the Competent Person
(Logging) set out in the CoPSS, to carry out logging of samples and preparation
of borehole logs; and
42. "AS" is the Authorized Signatory of RSC(GIFW) who is responsible for the
carrying out the ground investigation field works under the Contract.
GIN.W030.7 PROCEDURE
1. Information will generally be obtained by boring and drilling with continuous
boring in rock, decomposed rock and other materials;

2. Where rock and decomposed rock is overlain by soft natural deposits, then
information on these soft deposits shall be obtained by boring through the
deposits, taking frequent undisturbed samples and making frequent insitu tests
when directed by the CM;
3. When rock or decomposed rock is reached, or as directed by the CM or his
Representatives, drilling and coring shall be used to extend any hole started by
boring;
4. Fresh or slightly decomposed rock will in general be proved to a depth of 5 m by
N size drilling, unless otherwise Instructed.
GIN.W035.7 FENCING
1. Erect safety fencing or temporary barriers to comply with the requirements of
GCC Clause 5.12. Where Instructed, the fencing shall be erected and left in
place after completion of the investigation;
2. Comply with Worksection EXT9.
GIN.W040.7 SUBMISSION OF RECORDS AND REPORTS - GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS
1. Unless otherwise specified, submit the following records and reports as detailed
in this Worksection to the CM within the required periods as follows:
a. 2 copies of daily records of holes, field installations and field tests within 4
working days;
b. 2 copies of records of the co-ordinates and levels of holes within 2 working
days of completion of the last hole excluding backfilling and reinstatement;
c. 2 copies of preliminary records (logs) of holes, 2 sets of discs containing
gINT files capable of generating the preliminary logs and associated data
files of AGS within 5 working days of sinking the hole;
d. 2 copies of draft fieldwork report including 2 sets of all photographs, 2 sets
of discs containing gINT files capable of generating the preliminary logs and
associated data files of AGS within 10 working days of the actual date of
completion of fieldwork;
e. 2 copies of laboratory test results within 3 working days of completion of
each test;
f. 2 copies of draft laboratory test report within 5 working days of the actual
date of completion of test programme. The draft laboratory test report
should contain full details of each test together with a summary sheet(s)
tabulating the results of the tests undertaken on each sample;
g. 2 copies of the draft pumping test report within 10 working days of
completion of pumping test;
h. On receipt of the CM's or his Representative's acceptance of the draft
fieldwork and laboratory test reports, prepare and submit the following
within 10 working days:
i. 5 fast-bound copies of the Final Report including all photographs
required;

ii. 3 copies of digital image of the Final Report. Each digital image shall
be stored in files on a CD-ROM and placed in a plastic protective pocket.
Each CD-ROM shall be securely and clearly labelled with the date of
production of the compact disc, the Contract No. and Works Order No.,
where applicable, the names of the Site, the name of the Employer, and
the name and company chop of the Contractor. The digital image shall
contain the complete contents of the report, including a scanned image
of the cover page of the Report, all photos, drawings and the certificate
signed by the AS as stated in sub-clause (5). The files shall be in
Portable Document Format (PDF) that can be viewed and printed by the
Adobe Acrobat reader. The size of each file shall be less than 10 MB
and the file name shall be agreed with the CM. Separate files should be
kept of borehole logs and photographs. The resolution of all colour
images shall not be less than 150 dots per inch (dpi) with colour depth of
24-bit true colour. The resolution of black and white images shall not be
less than 200 dpi; and
iii. 2 sets of discs containing gINT files capable of generating the Final
Report and associated data files of AGS format.
i. Additional copies of the Final Report including photographs ordered by the
CM shall be supplied within 10 working days when Instructed.
2. The preliminary records shall give the Contractor's preliminary description and
depths of all strata encountered and all the relevant information taken from the
daily records including the setting out data. Obtain Approval to the form of his
daily record sheets and his preliminary records before Works commence on Site;
3. The draft reports shall contain all the information required for the Final Report;
4. The Final Fieldwork Report shall be dated and certified on its cover page as
being accurate, correct and complete by the AS;
5. The Final Fieldwork Reports shall contain all the information obtained from the
investigation. Each Fieldwork Report shall contain the following:
a. A factual description, prepared by a CP (Logging), of the nature and
methods of the ground investigation works carried out;
b. If holes have been sunk, a summary table of the depths and thicknesses of all
strata (including decomposed rock and rock) encountered at each hole
location and the reduced level of each stratum boundary;
c. A copy of the location plan amended as necessary to show the exact position
of each completed hole;
d. A table of the as-drilled co-ordinates;
e. Final records of holes together with data in AGS digital format as specified
in Appendix I to this Worksection or to the approval of the CM;
f. Colour photocopies of any photographs taken; and
g. A certificate signed by the AS confirming the standards of ground
investigation works carried out. The contents of the certificate shall be in
accordance with the requirements stated in the CoPSS in respect of ground
investigation report certification by the AS. The certificate shall be prepared
on ICU forms provided by the CM.
6. The Final Laboratory Testing Reports shall contain the following:
a. All the information gained from the testing programme and such introducing
pages and summary sheets as are necessary together with data in AGS
digital format as specified in Appendix II to this Worksection or to the
approval of the CM. The summary sheets and all test certificates shall be
fully typed for inclusion into each Report. Any record photographs of
unsuitable samples shall immediately follow the summary sheets;
b. A complete index of all the tests carried out and those which are HOKLAS
accredited shall be clearly shown.

7. All records and reports shall be submitted on International A4 size paper unless
otherwise agreed by the CM. All Final Reports shall be typed. The format and
binding of the Final Reports shall be to the approval of the CM;
8. The photograph negatives or digital photograph images, together with the digital
data disk in AGS digital format, shall be included in a single copy of the Final
Report which shall be marked "Master Copy". For Final Laboratory Testing
Reports, the original copies of all worksheets and supporting HOKLAS endorse
test certificates shall be included in the Master Copy.
GIN.W050.7 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Instruments shall be handled, stored, installed and used in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations and in such a manner that the performance of
the instruments will not be impaired;
2. Instruments shall be protected from damage and measures shall be taken to
ensure that the instruments suffer the minimum practicable amount of
disturbance;
3. Instruments shall be calibrated by an Approved laboratory. Instruments shall be
calibrated at intervals recommended by the manufacturer and at other intervals
as Instructed. Calibration certificates shall be provided to the CM within
24 hours after calibration. See also GIN.W120;
4. Installation, testing and monitoring of the instruments shall be carried out under
the supervision of a suitably qualified technician. Particulars of the technician,
including qualifications and experience, shall be submitted to the CM at least
7 days before commencement of work relating to geotechnical instrumentation.
GIN.W060.7 LOCATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF GEOTECHNICAL

INSTRUMENTATION
Unless specified otherwise:
1. The locations and arrangement of instruments for geotechnical instrumentation
shall be as stated on the Drawings or as agreed with the CM before installation;
2 The positions and alignments of instruments shall be recorded after installation
and surveys shall be carried out at times and frequencies agreed by the CM to
detect any displacement of the instruments;
3. At least two reference points shall be established for each survey station or
monitoring mark;
4. The survey station which has the least chance of being disturbed shall be
selected as datum station. The datum station shall be stainless steel and shall be
protected from damage. At least three reference points shall be established for
each datum station;
5. The survey network shall be related to the territorial control points provided by
the CM.
GIN.W070.7 INSTALLATION OF INSTRUMENTS

1. Unless specified otherwise, inform the CM 24 hours, or such shorter period
agreed by the CM, before the installation of each instrument for geotechnical
instrumentation starts;
2. Instruments shall be installed, fixed and protected in a manner which will ensure
that the instruments will function satisfactorily. Tests shall be carried out after
installation to demonstrate that the instruments have been correctly installed and
are functioning correctly. Instruments which are not correctly installed or are
not functioning correctly shall be reinstalled or replaced as Instructed;
3. All installed instruments, tubes and wires shall be clearly marked with a unique
and conspicuous identification number.

GIN.W080.7 ATTACHMENT OF TUBES AND CABLES TO INSTRUMENTS

Unless specified otherwise:
1. Tubes and cables attached to instruments for geotechnical instrumentation for
remote reading shall be impervious to air and water, and shall have sufficient
strength and stiffness to withstand the internal and external pressures. Tubes and
cables shall be protected from mechanical damage and from the harmful effects
of direct sunlight, heat and ultra violet radiation at all times;
2. Tubes and cables shall be free from defects and shall be marked with
identification colours and numbers at 5 m intervals. The tubes and cables shall
be wound onto reels in such a manner that kinks are not formed and strain is not
induced. Open ends of tubes and cables shall be blocked with stop ends at all
times;
3. Tubes and cables shall be buried at least 0.5 m below ground level;
4. Tubes and cables shall be laid with sufficient slack, loops and bends to allow for
settlement and other ground movements. The routing of tubes and cables shall
be as agreed by the CM and shall be in straight lines unless otherwise permitted
by the CM. The radius of bends shall be at least 300 mm. Each tube or cable
shall be laid from the measuring instrument to the terminal duct in one
continuous length without joints.
GIN.W090.7 MAINTENANCE OF GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

1. Instruments for geotechnical instrumentation shall be maintained in good
working order until the expiry of Maintenance Period. Instruments, survey
marks and stations shall be protected by suitable barricades, notices, signs,
marker-buoys or by other methods agreed by the CM. Construction shall be
carried out in a manner which will avoid damage to the instruments;
2. Inform the CM immediately of any instruments found damaged or instruments
found not to be in working order. Replacements shall be installed for read-out
units which are faulty or under repair.
GIN.W100.7 RECORDS OF GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Unless otherwise specified:
1. Keep on the Site records of activities relating to installation of geotechnical
instrumentation and submit a copy to the CM within 24 hours after installation
of the instrument is complete;
2. Prepare a drawing showing the locations and identification of installed
instruments and submit to the CM within 24 hours after installation of the
instrument is complete;
3. Prepare a drawing showing the locations and details of survey stations,
monitoring marks and reference points and submit to the CM within 3 days after
the survey network has been established.
GIN.W110.7 MONITORING AND RECORDING INSTRUMENT READINGS -

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Notwithstanding specific requirements detailed in the following clauses to this
Worksection:
1. Record the instrument readings and processed data for geotechnical
instrumentation on agreed record sheets, and submit to the CM within 24 hours
after recording. The form of record sheets shall be as agreed by the CM. Unless
otherwise agreed by the CM, readings shall be taken in the presence of the CM;

2. Initial readings shall be taken immediately after the instruments have been
installed and after the effects of installation have subsided. The initial readings
shall be submitted to the CM and shall form the basis of comparison of
subsequent readings. The instruments and the initial readings shall be replaced if
the initial readings are not repeatable;
3. The frequencies for reading instruments shall be as agreed with the CM. Inform
the CM immediately of sudden or significant changes in the readings;
4. All installed instruments shall be left in correctly functioning condition after
final readings have been taken or at the end of the Maintenance Period. Keys for
locks shall be tagged to identify the instrument number and shall be handed over
to the CM.
GIN.W120.7 CALIBRATION OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

1. Where load, displacement, flowmeters, or other measuring instruments are used
or where the nature of the instruments is such that calibration is required, then
produce evidence of the calibration of all such instruments prior to commencing
the works. Calibration of instruments should be carried out at the intervals
shown in the table below:
Measuring Equipment Calibration Interval
Flowmeters 6 months
Proving rings 2 years (or as agreed by the CM)
Pressure gauges 6 months
Torque Head (Vane) Prior to each mobilisation
Load cells 1 year
2. Recalibration shall be conducted immediately if there is any suspicion of
damage to measuring instruments or should the CM suspect the quality of the
data produced. Copies of certified calibration charts shall be supplied to the CM
within three days of a calibration test.
GIN.W130.7 DEPTHS OF EXPLORATION

1. Whilst investigation holes shall be continued to such depths as the CM may
direct, provisional termination criteria will be as stated in this Worksection or the
Works Order or as shown on the Drawings;
2. Excess drilling/excavation deeper than the depth specified/directed (including
the tolerance given in the 'Schedule of Tolerance') will be at the Contractor's
expense;
3. When required by the CM or his Representatives, holes shall be started at the
bottom of trial pits, which have been excavated by the Contractor.
GIN.W140.7 USE OF CASING

1. Where sub-surface exploration is being carried out in any stratum, which is not
sufficiently cohesive to stand firmly without a casing, or when directed by the
CM, casing shall be used;
2. Ensure casings are advanced concurrently with the removal of material in such a
manner that loss of ground is avoided;
3. Ensure that casings are of a suitable size and are inserted in such a manner as to
render them recoverable. The CM reserves the right to direct the minimum
diameter of casings where these are required to maintain the hole.

GIN.W150.7 REMOVAL OF CASING

The casing shall not be removed from any hole nor any filling introduced into a hole
until permission is given by the CM or his Representatives. The casing shall be
gradually withdrawn and, in non-cohesive material, the filling in the hole shall be
kept above the bottom of the casing during withdrawal.
GIN.W160.7 SITE LOG BOOK

1. Maintain a Site Log Book in a format approved by the CM. All visitors to an
investigation station, including the Contractor's staff, shall sign the Site Log
Book on each visit. The Site Log Book shall also be used to record all verbal
instructions at that particular investigation station and shall be countersigned by
the authorized personnel making the instruction before the work is carried out;
2. Copy the Site Log Book to the CM within 3 working days of the date of
completion of the fieldwork for each Works Order.
GIN.W170.7 DISPLAY OF REMOVED MATERIAL

When Instructed, display the removed material as follows:
1. All material removed from boreholes and auger holes, including small and large
disturbed samples in their containers and undisturbed samples in their samplers
shall be laid out in sequence on a clean corrugated metal sheet protected from
the weather for examination by the CM or his Representatives;
2. The material shall be displayed in such a manner that, when required by the CM
or his Representatives, further small disturbed samples can be taken unmixed
with other material;
3. No material shall be removed from the display unless authorised by the CM or
his Representatives.
GIN.W180.7 MARKING HOLES

When ordered by the CM, mark the position of holes permanently by the installation
of Grade 20/20 concrete markers (300 mm x 300 mm x 300 mm) flush with ground
level and the hole number indicated in red paint on the top face.
GIN.W190.7 ACCESS SCAFFOLDING

1. When Instructed, provide, maintain and subsequently remove on completion of
the fieldwork access scaffolding of one of the types specified below:
a. Scaffolding for the support and transportation of drilling rigs or other plant,
equipment and personnel; and
b. Inspection scaffolding for examination of slope faces by the CM or his
Representatives or other authorized person. The scaffolding shall be
constructed of sound bamboo or other suitable materials approved by the
CM.
2. The scaffolding referred to in sub-clause (1)(a) shall be of adequate size and
constructed in a safe and secure manner including the provision of adequate
working platforms, guardrails, barriers, toe-boards, fences, coverings on
openings, gangways and runs in accordance with the Construction Sites (Safety)
Regulations to ensure stability of the plant and equipment and the safety of
persons working thereon and of third parties during boring, drilling, sounding
and the movement of plant and equipment;

3. The inspection scaffolding referred to in sub-clause (1)(b) shall normally be a

double-row scaffold having a maximum horizontal and vertical grid size of
600 mm and shall conform to the relevant safety requirements in the Code of
Practice for Bamboo Scaffolding Safety and the Code of Practice for Metal
Bamboo Scaffolding Safety or its latest revisions issued by Labour Department.
The scaffolding structure at every grid shall be sufficiently strong for safety
supporting at least a person and equipment weighting 120 kg. The scaffolding
shall be constructed in such a way that makes it possible for person to climb on
the outside face of the grid without having to climb across any over-hanging
portion or member;
4. Provide a suitable fall-arresting system approved by the CM at every area where
the slope inspection process may be involved. The fall-arresting system shall
normally be vertical independent lifelines securely tied to stout steel pegs, tree
trunks or other suitable anchorage (except the scaffolding members) at a
horizontal interval of maximum 4 m;
5. Each lifeline shall be a fibre rope with a minimum diameter of 15.9 mm
complying with the American National Standard, ANSI A10.14:1999, or other
relevant international safety standards. Make available to the CM four sets of
full body safety harness with suitable fall arresters for attaching to the lifelines.
All the provided fall-arresting systems and equipment shall meet the relevant
requirements in the Labour Department Guidance Notes on Classification and
Use of Safety Belts and their Anchorage Systems published in 1998 or its latest
revision. In addition, appoint a Competent Person according to the above
Guidance Notes to check the provided safety equipment and anchorage system
prior to their being used each time. Provide also necessary training to every
concerned person to ensure the proper use of the safety equipment;
6. Where the inspection scaffolding in sub-clause (1)(b) as Instructed is a single-
row scaffold, provide suitable working platform(s) for proper execution of slope
inspection at area(s) considered to be necessary by the CM. The working
platform(s) can be supported by double-row scaffolding, truss-out scaffolding or
other suitable structural form(s) meeting the site environment. All working
platforms and their supporting structures shall comply with the Code of Practice
for Bamboo Scaffolding Safety and the Code of Practice for Metal Bamboo
Scaffolding Safety or its latest revisions issued by Labour Department.
GIN.W200.7 WORKING OVER WATER

1. The Contractor may be required to carry out investigations over water. Over
deep water a pontoon or jack up platform suited to the conditions may be
required. Any pontoon shall have a minimum working area of 100 m unless
otherwise agreed by the CM;
2. The personnel for marine work shall include an experienced Marine Supervisor
who will be responsible for the safe moving and movement of marine craft and
equipment required for this work;
3. Where drilling over water, all depths shall be measured from the initial
submerged ground level which shall be a fixed referenced datum to Principal
Datum level;
4. Be responsible for making an application to the Marine Department regarding
the Notice to Mariners within 2 working days following the receipt of an
instruction for site investigation works over water. The processing of this
application by Marine Department normally takes a minimum of 14 working
days. Also be responsible for applying for any extension of the Notice to
Mariners to complete the Ground Investigation ordered;
5. Be responsible for observing all applicable marine regulations and requirements
of the Marine Department, especially those regarding safety;

6. Ensure that, during underwater boring and drilling operations, the craft or
structure supporting the plant is adequately secured against movement from tidal,
wind, current or other effects. Should the Contractor employ a tower or staging
for making underwater boreholes or drillholes he shall ensure that the effects of
settlement of the tower or staging are allowed for in any measurement.
GIN.W210.7 WATER LEVELS

1. Take daily readings of water levels in holes on land at the following times in all
holes and observation wells and record them in the daily site records and report
logs:
a. Before work commences in the morning;
b. Before the mid-day break;
c. After the mid-day break;
d. After work has finished in the evening but before water (if any) is added to
stabilise the hole;
e. When a hole has been completed;
f. Immediately prior to backfilling a hole;
The level of the bottom of the hole and the bottom of the casing, if any, shall
be measured and recorded at the same time as each water level reading;
2. If at any time the level of the water in a hole fluctuates, keep a record for the
fluctuation. If the hole "gains" or "loses" water, inform the CM or his
Representatives immediately and record the details including the level of the
bottom of the hole at that time and an estimate of the rate of gain or loss of water.
Make provision for measuring artesian water levels when directed by the CM;
3. Record any addition of water to assist the advance of a borehole. In the case of
drilling and wash boring, keep a careful record of the behaviour of the drill and
wash water including an estimate of the percentage return. Report any
extraordinary smell or colour of the water and other unusual circumstances in the
daily site records.
GIN.W220.7 WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Provide electrically operated dipmeters to measure all water levels. Each dipmeter
shall be fitted with 60 metres of graduated tape at minimum 1 cm interval
graduations.
SAMPLING
GIN.W310.7 GENERAL
1. Take both disturbed and undisturbed samples from all holes at the depths and
intervals as specified or as otherwise directed by CM, provide all necessary
sampling equipment, tubes and containers and carry out all handling and
transportation of samples to a laboratory-testing contractor or to a storage area
(both temporary and permanent) as directed by the CM;
2. Transport and deliver all samples in core boxes or in any other containers as
specified.
GIN.W320.7 EQUIPMENT USED FOR SAMPLING

1. All the sampling equipment and containers shall conform to the requirements of
Geoguide 2 and this Worksection;

2. Submit the specifications and examples of the equipment and containers

proposed to be used to the CM for approval prior to the commencement of the
Works.
GIN.W330.7 SAMPLE NUMBERING

1. Assign a reference number to each common ground sample (both disturbed and
undisturbed) and groundwater samples taken, commencing with samples
obtained from the inspection pit, if excavated;
2. The number shall be unique for that hole and shall be in order of depth below
ground level;
3. The number shall also be shown on the records adjacent to the sample symbol.
GIN.W340.7 LABELLING OF SAMPLES

1. Mark all sample containers and tube samples clearly both on the side and the top
of the sample with a permanent marker pen with the following information:
a. Name of the Contract and Works Order number where applicable;
b. Name or reference number of the site and area;
c. Reference number, location and inclination of the hole;
d. Reference number of the sample;
e. Date of sampling;
f. Brief description of the sample;
g. Depth of the top and bottom of the samples below ground level.
2. Identify each core box by the following information, which shall be clearly
marked on the top, both ends and beneath the core box lid using waterproof ink
or paint:
a. Name of the Contract and Works Order number where applicable;
b. Name or reference number of the site and area;
c. Reference number, location and inclination of the hole;
d. Depths of material contained; and
e. Core box number with indication on the total number of boxes for the hole.
3. Record the depths at which each core run started and finished at the ends of each
core run by permanent marker pen on the edge of the box or on wooden blocks
which fit between the dividing slats. If a core run is contained in two sequential
core boxes, the abbreviation "cont'd" shall be used on the adjacent edges of the
core boxes.
GIN.W350.7 SMALL DISTURBED SAMPLES FROM DRILLHOLES

1. For all drillholes,
a. Take jar samples from the cutting shoes of each undisturbed sample, from
any anomalous material, from each Standard Penetration Test and at other
locations as Instructed;
b. Take small disturbed samples of common ground on entering each new
stratum (including decomposed rock) and every 1.0 m in between other
small disturbed samples from cutting shoes or corebits. They shall be taken
with a driven sample tube or other method approved by the CM. The
disturbed sample shall be representative of the composition of the common
ground.

GIN.W360.7 SMALL DISTURBED SAMPLES FROM TRIAL PITS, TRIAL TRENCHES

OR SLOPE STRIPPINGS
1. Take small disturbed samples in all trial pits and trial trenches at the top of each
common ground layer encountered and then at intervals of 0.5 m in any layer
thicker than 0.5 m. Take small disturbed samples in common ground every
0.5 m along each slope surface stripping, commencing at the base;
2. The disturbed sample shall be representative of the composition of the common
ground exposed;
3. Place samples of material predominantly coarser grained than sand, or when
Instructed, place the samples in large polythene bags. Place other material in
airtight plastic containers, of minimum 100 mm diameter, with a screw top.
Take sufficient material to fill the bag or container, which shall be sealed
immediately after recovery;
4. Label each sample as specified in accordance with GIN.W340 including the face
number from which the sample was taken.
GIN.W370.7 BLOCK SAMPLES

1. Take block samples of common ground from the sides or bottom of trial pits or
trial trenches or from slope strippings when directed by the CM. Samples shall
be not less than 230 mm cube;
2. The top and four sides of the sample, but not the base, shall be excavated,
trimmed, wrapped in aluminium foil and waxed. A wooden box, with two
opposite sides removed, shall then be placed over the prepared sample such that
a minimum annulus of 25 mm exists between the inside of the box and the
sample. The top and side annuli shall then be filled using polyurethane by
means of two reagents. After hardening of the polyurethane, the top of the box
shall be attached and the sample carefully broken away at its base at a depth of
no less than 50 mm below the base of the sample. The sample shall then be
carefully inverted and the "base" trimmed, wrapped in aluminium foil and waxed
before the basal annulus is filled with polyurethane. After hardening, the base of
the wooden box shall be attached. The top and bottom of the sample shall be
clearly marked on the box, as shall the direction of magnetic north relative to the
in situ sample.
GIN.W380.7 LARGE DISTURBED SAMPLES FROM TRIAL PITS, TRIAL TRENCHES

OR SLOPE STRIPPINGS
Take large disturbed samples of at least 25 kg in trial pits, trial trenches or from
slope stripping, when Instructed. Place all large disturbed samples in heavy duty
polythene bags immediately after they are taken, and securely fastened. Before
taking sample in slope stripping, remove a minimum of 100 mm of material, or other
thickness, as Instructed.
GIN.W390.7 UNDISTURBED SAMPLES FROM TRIAL PITS OR TRIAL TRENCHES

Take open drive undisturbed samples from the sides or bottom of trial pits or trial
trenches, when directed by the CM as described in this "Sampling" sub-section.
GIN.W400.7 OPEN DRIVE UNDISTURBED SAMPLERS

1. Take open drive undisturbed samples in trial pits, trial trenches, drillholes and as
directed by the CM;
2.

a. Undisturbed samples shall be taken in an Approved 101 mm (1 mm) (for

U100), 77 mm (1 mm) (for U76) and 41 mm (1 mm) (for U40) internal
diameter open drive sample tubes made from thin walled seamless stainless
steel or galvanised mild steel not less than 450 mm (for U100), 350 mm (for
U76) and 200 mm (for U40) in length fitted with a cutting shoe tapered at an
angle not exceeding 20;
b. The end area ratio of the sample tube cutting shoes as defined in Figure 13
of Geoguide 2 shall not exceed 30% and inside clearance between the shoe
and each tube shall not exceed 2% unless a core retainer is used, in which
case the clearance shall not exceed 4%;
c. The adaptor head at the top of the sample tubes shall be fitted with a ball
valve to permit the exit of air or water during driving and to assist in
retaining the sample during withdrawal and it shall have an allowance for
over-driving;
d. Each sample tube shall have the word "TOP" engraved on its exterior at one
end;
e. The internal and external diameter of the cutting shoe and of the sample tube
shall be recorded.
3.
a. The sample tube cutting shoe shall be free from rust, pitting, burring or any
other defect;
b. The use of oil inside the sampler shall not be permitted;
c. The end of the sample tube marked "TOP" shall be driven uppermost;
d. Care shall be taken to ensure that the sample is not compressed by over-
driving;
e. The minimum recovery shall be 80% of the sampled length;
f. The method of driving, dimensions, construction and condition of each
sample tube, cutting shoe, adaptor head and sample retainer shall be to the
approval of the CM prior to sampling;
g. All recovered samples shall be stored and transported vertically, in their
correct orientation, in purpose-built racks which shall hold the tubes securely.
GIN.W402.7 GROUNDWATER SAMPLES FROM LAND CONTAMINATION

INVESTIGATIONS
1. When Instructed, take one groundwater sample at each drillhole, inspection pit
and trial pit where groundwater is encountered during drilling/excavation and
only after required soil samples have been collected;
2. For groundwater taken from a drillhole, install a groundwater sampling well in
accordance with Appendix XXII to this Worksection. The well shall be
constructed using at least 50 mm, flush jointed, threaded class 18 uPVC with
standard factory pre-slotted sections of 1 mm or less slot aperture (or a size
equivalent to 90% retention for filter pack material) vertically separated by no
more than 4 mm, with at least three cuts per perimeter:
a. Submit a method statement to CM for approval for the installation of the
groundwater sampling well prior to the commencement of the installation;
b. After installation of the wells, measure the depth to water table at all wells at
the same period of time with an interface probe in order to delineate the
water table contours at the Site;
c. Upon completion of installation of the wells, pump out approximately five
well volumes to remove silt and drilling fluid residue from the wells;
d. Allow the wells to stand for a day to permit groundwater conditions to
equilibrate;

e. Measure groundwater level and thickness of free product layer, if present, at

each well before groundwater samples are taken;
f. Purge the wells for at least three well volumes to remove fine-grained
materials and to collect freshly refilled representative groundwater samples.
Record the time for each groundwater purging or recharge as well as the
estimated groundwater flow.
3. Where groundwater is encountered in inspection or trial pits, record groundwater
level. Collect groundwater samples through pumping out all groundwater,
letting groundwater to recharge and allowing the groundwater to stand for a day
to permit conditions to equilibrate before sampling;
4. Where free product (discrete layer of contaminant which is not bound to soil or
mixed in with groundwater) at or above groundwater is encountered, measure
the thickness and depth of the free product layer using an approved interface
probe and collect a sample when Instructed;
5. Collect groundwater samples using Teflon bailer and decant it into appropriate
sample vials or bottles provided by other contractor in a manner that minimises
agitation and volatilisation of the volatile organic compounds from the samples;
6. Comply with the requirement stated in sub-clauses (2) to (8) of GIN.W405 and
GIN.W406.
GIN.W405.7 SOIL SAMPLES FROM LAND CONTAMINATION INVESTIGATIONS

1. When Instructed, take specified types of soil samples from inspection pits, trial
pits or drillholes for land contamination investigations and comply with the
"Guidance Notes for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Sites of
Petrol Filling Stations, Boatyards, Car Repair/Dismantling Workshops" by
Environmental Protection Department;
2. Take special precautions to prevent contamination of samples, which shall
include but not be limited to the following:
a. For soil and groundwater samples taken from the inspection pits/trial
pits/drillholes, decontaminate all plant and equipment used for
excavation/drilling and sampling as follows:
i. Decontaminated by steam cleaning or high-pressure hot water jet;
ii. Washed by phosphate-free detergent; and
iii. Rinsed by distilled or de-ionized water.
b. Between samples, decontaminate all equipment used for sample extraction
and handling in accordance with sub-clauses (a)(i), (a)(ii) and (a)(iii).
3. The sample containers shall be laboratory cleaned, sealable, watertight, made of
glass or other suitable materials with aluminium or Teflon-lined lids, in order to
prevent reaction between container surface and sample or adsorption of
contaminants;
4. Do not allow headspace in the sample containers after collection of sample;
5. Store samples at between 0C - 4C but never frozen, and deliver to the
laboratory as directed by the CM within 24 hours of the samples being collected.
Operate a chain of custody system as part of the QA system;
6. Label the samples in accordance with GIN.W340 unless otherwise specified;
7. Water use for flushing medium shall be of potable quality and no lubricant,
hydraulic fluid or other additive shall be introduced during drilling. No re-use of
water shall be permitted;
8. Comply with GIN.W406 for safety measures for Land Contamination
Investigations;

9. Prior to mobilization, submit for the CM's approval the proposed sampling
procedures and safety measures to be taken for the Land Contamination
Investigations.
GIN.W406.7 SAFETY MEASURES FOR LAND CONTAMINATION INVESTIGATIONS

1. Comply with safety measures as specified in the "Guidance Notes for
Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Sites of Petrol Filling Stations,
Boatyards, Car Repair/Dismantling Workshops" by Environmental Protection
Department for Land Contamination Investigations;
2. Exercise extreme care when toxic gases or other hazardous materials are
encountered. Report any abnormal conditions found immediately to the safety
officer on site and the CM or his Representative;
3. Establish and maintain a Health and Safety Plan, before commencement of the
Works, which shall include but not be limited to the following:
a. Instruction of works on work procedures, safe practices, emergency duties,
and applicable regulations;
b. Regularly scheduled and impromptu meetings of the workers in which the
possible hazards, problems of the job, and related safe practices are
emphasized and discussed;
c. Good housekeeping practices; and
d. Availability of and instruction in the location, use and maintenance of
personal protective equipment.
4. Maintain equipment and supplies reasonably required in an emergency,
including lifesaving, evacuation, rescue and medical equipment in good working
order and condition at all times. Use all reasonable means to control and prevent
fires and explosions, injury to personnel and damage to equipment of property.
Without limiting the foregoing:
a. Maintain proper safety devices, barriers to minimise hazards during
performance of the work;
b. Prohibit smoking and open flames and the carrying of matches and lighters;
c. Develop and maintain a written emergency plan applicable to the Works and
Site;
d. Maintain equipment in good operating condition and have emergency and
first aid equipment ready for immediate use, where applicable;
e. Conduct equipment tests to ensure that the equipment is properly placed and
in good operating condition, and that workers are able to respond to
emergency situations;
f. Require all workers on Site at all time to wear clothing suitable for the work
being carried out, weather and environmental conditions. For example, wear
clean PVC/latex gloves whilst handling sampling equipment and carrying
out sampling; and
g. Require the personnel to wear respirator and gloves for vapour exposure
protection, if necessary. Safety helmet and protective boots should be worn.
GIN.W410.7 CLEANING HOLE BEFORE SAMPLING

Before an attempt to take an undisturbed sample from a drillhole is made, remove all
loose material and material disturbed by drilling or field testing from the holes. On
recommencement of work at the start of each shift during the progress of a drillhole,
remove a minimum of 300 mm of material before the next undisturbed sample is
taken, unless otherwise Instructed.

GIN.W420.7 OPEN DRIVE SAMPLING IN BOREHOLES AND DRILLHOLES

1. The CM may order the use of an open drive undisturbed sampler in any drillhole
in common ground;
2. Drive the sampler by means of either a jarring link (i.e. drilling rods delivering
the impact at the adaptor head of the sampler), a sliding hammer arrangement to
the Approval of the CM or a single ram stroke;
3. Do not apply vertical pull-up action to the sampling tube during the lift-up of
any hammering operation;
4. Record the total depth driven or pushed and, where relevant, the number of
blows used. If driven samples are Instructed in common ground of low cohesion,
such as silts and silty fine sands, provide a core retainer of suitable design to
improve sample recovery. In cohesive common ground, make an initial attempt
to obtain a sample without the use of a core retainer;
5. If an attempt to take a U100 or U76 sample in a drillhole recovers a length of
sample less than specified, clear the material disturbed by the sampling process
in the hole immediately and make another attempt from the level of the base of
the failed attempt, using core retainer. Should the second attempt also prove
unsuccessful, perform a Standard Penetration Test with liner sampler, and
continue the required sampling sequence. If two consecutive sequences of failed
sampling occur in any one drillhole, inform the CM immediately.
GIN.W430.7 OPEN DRIVE UNDISTURBED SAMPLING IN AUGER HOLES

When directed by the CM open drive undisturbed samples shall be taken in auger
holes. Open drive undisturbed samplers in auger holes shall be driven by mean of a
jarring link and the total number of blows used shall be recorded. The sampler shall
be of an Approved design.
GIN.W440.7 OPEN DRIVE SAMPLING IN TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES

1. Prior to sampling in trial pits or trial trenches, clear all disturbed material in
order to expose common ground in its natural condition;
2. Take samples using a sliding hammer arrangement with care to ensure that no
lateral movement takes place during driving, with the use of guide frame as
necessary. The proposed method of driving shall be to the approval of the CM;
3. If a driven sample recovers less than that specified, make a second attempt at a
clear distance at least one tube diameter from the first attempt. If the second
attempt fails, make a third and final attempt at a clear distance at least one tube
diameter from any previous attempts. If the third attempt fails, inform the CM
immediately.
GIN.W450.7 WITHDRAWING THE SAMPLER

1. Before withdrawal in boreholes, auger holes and drillholes, rotat the sampler
through two complete revolutions to shear the soil horizontally at the bottom of
the sampler;
2. If necessary, delay this operation to allow the development of sufficient adhesion
inside the tube;
3. Smoothly withdraw the sampler so that disturbance to the sample is kept to a
minimum;
4. In trial pits or trial trenches, remove the sampler by excavating around it;
5. Measure and record the total length of the sample. Record any soil that has
fallen out of the bottom of the tube.

GIN.W460.7 SEALING OF COMMON GROUND TUBE SAMPLES

1. Once a sample tube has been detached or removed from the sampling equipment,
keep the visible ends of the sample clear of any disturbed material and trim the
edges at 45;
2. After cleaning the sides of the tube above the recovered sample, coat the ends
with three successive thin films of just molten microcrystalline wax. Add a
metal foil disc followed by more molten wax to give a total thickness of not less
than 20 mm. Solidly fill any space remaining in the ends of the sample tube
with damp sawdust or other material approved by the CM and cover the ends of
the sample tube with tight fitting rubber caps;
3. Handle the tubes containing samples with care to avoid any possible disturbance,
store them in a cool and dry location and protect them against the sun or
inclement weather whilst on Site;
4. Place the material from the cutting shoe/core bit immediately in a plastic
container of minimum diameter 100 mm, with a screw top. They shall be
arranged securely in the corebox in their proper sequence;
5. If any undisturbed samples are found to have been incorrectly sealed, labelled or
stored, they will be regarded as disturbed samples by the CM.
GIN.W470.7 GROUND WATER SAMPLES

1. When directed by the CM, take ground water samples from trial pits, trial
trenches, boreholes or drillholes;
2. If water has been used for the purpose of drilling, bale out a volume of water at
least equivalent to that of the drillhole volume before sampling;
3. Each sample taken shall not be less than 2 litres and shall be placed in a
sterilized airtight bottle of sufficient capacity. Bottles shall be flushed out twice
with the water to be sampled before use.
GIN.W480.7 LINER SAMPLES FROM STANDARD PENETRATION TESTS

1. When Instructed, provide a liner sample in conjunction with the Standard
Penetration Test;
2. The split barrel sampler shall have an enlarged internal diameter to
accommodate a thin stainless steel or aluminium liner of 35 mm internal
diameter which shall fit tightly inside. The internal diameter of the liner may be
up to 0.2 mm larger but in no case be smaller than that of the drive shoe. The
liner shall have a smooth internal surface and may comprise two separate
sections of equal length. The enlarged split barrel shall not be used without a
liner in place;
3. After the sampler has been withdrawn from the drillhole, treat the liner and the
retained soil in the same manner as an undisturbed sample.
GIN.W490.7 PISTON SAMPLING

Take undisturbed piston samples in boreholes or drillholes when Instructed and as
follows:
1. Carry out piston sampling with an Approved thin-walled stationary piston
sampler;
2. The sampling tube shall be 1000 mm long, formed from stainless steel with an
internal cutting edge and shall have an internal diameter of 75 mm or 100 mm (
1 mm) as specified by the CM;
3. The piston sampler shall be capable of operating to a depth of 20 metres below
ground level;

4. The sampling operation shall ensure the sampling tube is pushed into the soil at a
steady rate with no lateral deflection;
5. The design and performance of the sampler shall be such that a vacuum is
formed over the retained sample in the tube;
6. The area ratio of the tube, as defined in Geoguide 2, shall not exceed 10% and
the cutter edge taper angle shall not exceed 15. No inside clearance is permitted;
7. The minimum recovery shall be 90% of the sampled length. Where the sample
length is less than that specified, clear the material disturbed by the sampling
process in the hole and make another attempt from the level of the base of the
failed attempt at no extra cost. If this second sampling attempt also fails to
recover the minimum specified, continue the Instructed sampling sequence and
inform the CM immediately, or as soon as possible the next working day;
8. Fabricate purpose-built sample boxes for transporting and storing all piston
samples in a vertical position in the correct orientation. Each vertical box shall
be used to transport a maximum of two piston samples. These boxes shall be
robust, water-tight, and shall be fitted with hinged top and attaching rope stands.
The inside of the box shall be provided with styrofoam padding which holds
samples tightly in place.
GIN.W500.7 RETRACTABLE TRIPLE TUBE CORE SAMPLER

1. Take undisturbed samples of common ground in drillholes using a triple tube
retractable core barrel (Geoguide 2) fitted with either a detachable rigid clear
ABS plastic or rigid opaque PVC or Polyethylene (PE) liner;
2. The dimensions of the core barrel and liner shall be as follows:
Item Dimension (mm)
Outer Tube OD 98.5 2.0
Inner Tube ID 78.0 1.0
Core Barrel OD 85.0 - 89.0
Cutting Shoe ID 72.5 1.0
(LeadingEdge)
OD 77.2 1.0
Drill Bit OD 101.1 2.0
ID 74.0 1.0
OD 77.0 1.0
Liner Ovality 0.5
Bow 3 per metre
Length 1000 5
Wall Thickness 1.5 minimum
3. Use face-discharged bit formed of steel and set with tungsten carbide inserts in a
saw tooth profile. The drill bit shall have groove cuts on the external sidewall to
facilitate return of flushing fluid;
4. The cutting shoe shall have an area ratio of 10 to 15%. The ID of the leading
edge of the cutting shoe shall be smaller than the ID of the liner tube with an
inside clearance within 1.5 to 3.5%. Three lengths of cutting shoes, referred to
as "long", "medium" and "short" with decreasing lengths of protrusion beyond
the drill bit when mounted, shall be available. The "long" shoe with a protrusion
of not more than 50 mm shall be used generally for looser or softer soils, and the
"medium" or "short" shoes for denser or stiffer soils;

5. The liner shall fit tightly inside the inner tube, in both radial and longitudinal
directions. Obtain the type and make of the liners to be used from a
manufacturer approved by the CM. In addition, within 3 weeks of award of the
Contract, submit the name(s) of the suppliers, material specification and samples
of the liners proposed for use in the Contract to the CM for approval. If
approved, maintain the quality of the liners throughout the duration of the
Contract;
6. The barrel, drill bit and cutting shoe shall be free from significant defects and in
good working condition. A sediment tube may be attached to the top of the
barrel to trap the cuttings falling out of suspension from the flushing medium. A
core retainer of suitable design may be used only when it is necessary to reduce
the risk of sample loss;
7. Prior to lowering the barrel down the drillhole, it shall be checked to ensure that
the inner barrel rotates freely, the retractor spring works and that the check valve
at the top of the inner barrel is functioning properly;
8. Clean out the bottom of the drillhole properly prior to sampling to the specified
sampling commencement depth within a tolerance of 25 mm, unless otherwise
agreed by the CM;
9. In order to alleviate disturbance to the soil being sampled, keep the applied
flushing pressure to a minimum. An optimum combination of the applied bit
pressure and rotation speed shall be used to achieve a steady penetration which
shall not be too slow to avoid unnecessary disturbance induced by the flushing
medium;
10. Successful sampling shall mean a minimum recovery of 80% of the sampled
length when water flush is being used, and 90% of the sampled length when air-
foam flush is being used. If sampling is not successful, clear the material
disturbed by the sampling process in the hole immediately and make another
attempt from the level of the base of the failed attempt;
11. If continuous retractable triple tube core sampling has been Instructed and the
second attempt also proves unsuccessful, inform the CM immediately, or as soon
as possible the next working day, and submit a proposal to improve sample
recovery for the CM's agreement;
12. If interval sampling has been Instructed and the second attempt also proves
unsuccessful, perform a Standard Penetration Test with a liner sample and
continue with the sampling sequence Instructed. If two consecutive sequences
of failed undisturbed sampling occur in any one drillhole, inform the CM
immediately, or as soon as possible the next working day. Continue the
sampling sequence unless otherwise Instructed;
13. If the CM or his Representatives accepts a sample less than the successful
sampling length as described in sub-clause (10), the sample shall be paid for pro-
rata based on the successful length.
GIN.W510.7 VIBROCORING
1. When Instructed, obtain samples by vibrocoring;
2. The vibrocore sample shall be 75 mm (2 mm) in diameter and shall be 6 m
long. The vibrocore shall be fitted with a detachable rigid PVC tube to assist in
the recovery of samples;
3. A piston shall be placed inside the PVC liner. During sampling the piston shall
be held rigidly so that no vertical movement of the piston shall occur such that a
vacuum is formed over the retained sample. A basket core retainer shall be fitted
at the bottom of the tube to assist in the recovery of samples;
4. The vibration effort shall be supplied pneumatically or hydraulically, and the
vibration energy must be adjustable to suit the ground conditions. The minimum
vibration energy necessary to obtain a core should be used, to avoid undue
disturbance of the sample;

5. Core recovery shall be at least 80% in any vibrocore run. If the recovery falls
below this level, and if in the opinion of the CM higher recoveries should have
been achieved, the CM may require another sample to be taken at the same depth
at another location to be agreed by the CM;
6. Storage of vibrocore samples for trace metal contamination analysis to comply
with Environment, Transport and Works Bureau Technical Circular (Works) No.
34/2002, Management of Dredged/Excavated Sediment;
7. Responsible for labelling, splitting, photographing and logging of the vibrocores.
After logging, the vibrocores should be wrapped and sealed in polythene
sheeting. When required by the CM, cut the vibrocores into 1 m length, seal and
cap both ends, label, and store in core boxes;
8. The equipment shall be so designed that 6 m long core samples can be taken
continuously from the existing ground level to the required depth and surface
samples can be taken from the 0-2 m run below the existing ground level;
9. Include the logging and photographs in the report in a format to be Approved
and submit them in a manner as described in GIN.W040.
GIN.W520.7 FIELD MOISTURE CONTENT SAMPLES

Field moisture content samples shall be taken on the following occasions when
directed by the CM:
1. When an undisturbed sample is taken (the material for the moisture content
sample shall be taken from the cutting shoe);
2. When a large disturbed sample is taken in cohesive soils (the moisture content
sample shall be separated from the large disturbed sample);
3. When a Standard Penetration Test is conducted (the moisture content sample
shall be taken from cohesive soil in the split spoon);
4. When a Vane Shear Test is conducted (one moisture content sample shall be
taken from the soil adhering to the vane, if any, when it is extracted and another
moisture content sample from the sheared soil removed from the borehole,
drillhole, auger hole or trial pit when it is advanced to the level of the test);
5. When an in-situ density test is conducted;
6. At the top of any cohesive stratum;
7. At 1500 mm depth below the last moisture content sample.
GIN.W530.7 LARGE DIAMETER PISTON SAMPLING

When Instructed, take large diameter undisturbed piston samples as follows:
1. Large diameter piston sampling shall be carried out with an Approved thin-
walled fixed piston sampler;
2. The piston sampler shall be capable of operating to a depth of 20 metres below
ground level with no lateral movements being allowed during the actual
sampling operation;
3. Where marine site investigations require large diameter piston sampling, the
craft supplied must be capable of being supported rigidly from the sea-bed or a
fixed platform shall be provided;
4. Prior to sampling, 200 to 300 mm of borehole advance shall be undertaken to
remove disturbed ground;
5. The load required to penetrate the sampler shall be applied smoothly and evenly;
6. The minimum sample length shall be 450 mm and have a diameter of 260 mm;
7. The piston sampler shall have an Approved method of cutting the base of the
sample; such a method shall include a cutting wire located in the base of the
sampler;

8. Samples shall be taken with the exploratory hole filled with water unless
otherwise Instructed;
9. The design and maintenance of the sampler shall be such that a vacuum is
formed over the retained sample in the tube;
10. Take all necessary steps to ensure full recovery of the specimen;
11. The sampler shall be withdrawn carefully and slowly, particularly for the first
metre of its withdrawal, to avoid a vacuum being formed beneath the sampler
and sucking the sample from the tube.
GIN.W540.7 STORAGE OF LARGE DIAMETER PISTON SAMPLES

1. Large diameter piston samples shall be stored at all times inside a steel storage
container;
2. The ends of the sample tube shall be sealed with at least 3 layers of Approved
wax/petroleum jelly mixture;
3. Timber blocks shall be fitted into the sample tube to fill any voids at the top of
the tube;
4. The sample tube shall be clamped into the storage container by metal plates at
both ends separated from the sample tube by rubber sheeting about 4 mm thick;
5. The space between the sample tube and the inside of the storage container shall
be filled with water;
6. Transportation of samples shall conform to GIN.W620.
GIN.W560.7 CORE BOXES

1. Core boxes shall be 1.05 m in length, 0.45 m in width and of sound robust
timber construction, able to withstand the weight of the cores and stacking of the
boxes, and be sufficiently watertight to protect the cores from rain on Site and in
transit. The lid shall be fitted with metal hinges, hasp and staple and a locking
device. Rope strands shall be attached to the core box for lifting. Boxes shall be
made with rigid separating wooden slats. For core boxes containing rock cores
only, core boxes of smaller size to be approved by the CM may be used;
2. Take appropriate preventive and protective measures to minimise the risks of
manual handling operations of core boxes, which include but not be limited to
the following:
a. Provide information to the workers on the risks of manual handling
operations (ie. The weight and the heaviest side of the load);
b. Provide mechanical aids and proper personal protective equipment to the
works;
c. Arrange a team of workers to carry out the manual operations.
GIN.W570.7 EXTRUSION AND HANDLING OF CORES

1. Remove all cores from double tube core barrels using a hydraulic extruder,
unless otherwise Instructed. Under no circumstances shall air pressure be used
for the extrusion of cores. The extruder shall apply a continuous pressure to one
end of the core whilst the barrel is in a horizontal position. Only gentle
hammering with a wooden mallet on the side of the core barrel to free wedged
pieces shall be permitted;
2. Extrude carefully cores from single and double tube core barrels onto split
plastic piping of similar diameter to the core such that the core fits tightly into
the pipe and is not free to rotate. When Instructed, or the recovered core is
heavily jointed or fragmented and is likely to be disturbed during transportation,
it shall also be wrapped in self-clinging transparent film, or similar Approved;

3. Wrap cores from split inner tube triple tube core barrels in self-clinging
transparent film and then aluminium foil and carefully transferred into split
plastic piping of the same internal diameter as the split inner tubes;
4. As the core is extruded, arrange it in core boxes in a proper sequence starting
with the shallowest core on the left side nearest the hinge and then working
along the slat and subsequently outwards towards the hasp (i.e. from left to right
with the box lid on the far side of the box as the core is placed). Position and
secure slats to restrain the core from movement;
5. Pack fractured rock securely. At no time should any core be loose in the box.
Show core losses in individual core runs by wooden blocks or polystyrene of a
square cross section to fill the core box, and of a length equal to the core lost.
GIN.W610.7 CORE SAMPLES FOR LABORATORY TESTS

Cores recovered from drillholes will be taken for use as samples for laboratory
testing when directed by the CM. The samples shall be cut from the core as it is
extruded from the core barrel or when directed by the CM and a spacer bearing the
sample number and depth of the top and bottom of the sample placed in the core box.
GIN.W620.7 DELIVERY AND STORAGE OF SAMPLES

1. Deliver all samples, including cores, obtained from the Site to the designated
HKHA core stores, stores within the Site or any other core stores as directed by
the CM within 3 working days after the completion of the field works, unless
otherwise Instructed. The locations of the HKHA's core stores are shown in
Appendix XXI to this Worksection;
2. Deliver all samples, including cores in their appropriate containers in such a
manner as to prevent disturbance of the samples or cores by sudden movement,
continuous or intermittent vibration, sudden temperature changes of any other
reason. When necessary, provide purpose-built containers to protect sample
tubes and jars when they are being delivered;
3. Whilst in the possession of the Contractor, store the samples in a cool and dry
location protected against the sun, inclement weather, theft and vandalism to the
satisfaction of the CM. Store block samples in their correct orientation. Store
and transport in a vertical or horizontal direction for all samples recovered from
vertical/sub-vertical or horizontal/sub-horizontal drillholes respectively in their
correct orientation, and in purpose-built racks which shall hold the samples
securely. Stack the core boxes by investigation station and box order;
4. Deliver samples to the laboratory specified by the CM within 3 working days of
receipt of an instruction. Raise with the CM any discrepancies between the
laboratory testing schedule attached to the instruction and the samples, such as
incorrect sample depths or reference numbers, prior to delivery. Obtain a signed
delivery docket to record the delivery and check off all the samples with a
representative from the laboratory.
INSPECTION PITS, TRIAL PITS, TRIAL TRENCHES

AND SLOPE SURFACE STRIPPING
GIN.W710.7 INSPECTION PITS
1. Start all land boreholes and drillholes by means of a hand excavated inspection
pit, not less than 0.25 m on plan and not less than 2 m deep, unless otherwise
Instructed;
2. Assist excavation with hand operated power tools where hard strata cannot be
broken out without the use of such tools;
3. Do not commence boring or drilling until the presence or otherwise of all
services/utilities have been established;

4. Measure the positions, depths and dimensions of all services/utilities

encountered and record them as part of the report;
5. Take small disturbed samples every 0.5 m in all common ground layer
encountered in the inspection pits for logging purposes, commencing at ground
level or below any concrete or road surfacing layers;
6. Where the holes are located near underground electricity cables, comply with the
"Code of Practice on Working near Electricity Supply Lines" issued by
Electrical and Mechanical Services Department.
GIN.W720.7 EXCAVATION OF TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES

1. Excavate trial pits and trial trenches by manual methods to the termination
requirements or depths Instructed. Do not use powered tools unless otherwise
agreed by the CM;
2. Remove the excavated material from the site and import the same or similar
material for subsequent backfilling. For excavations on sloping ground, protect
the material in such a manner that it does not fall or wash downhill or in any way
enter surface water drainage system. Protect all excavated material from the
weather. Also take all necessary measures to prevent the ingress of surface
water into the excavations;
3. Before commencing any excavation, carry out three dynamic probing tests in a
triangular pattern not more than 800 mm apart around the centre of each
proposed trial pit unless otherwise Instructed. In trial trenches, carry out one
dynamic probing test for each 1.0 m of plan area of the excavation, equally
spaced, unless otherwise Instructed. Terminate all probes at the initial Instructed
depth of the trial pit or trial trench. On sloping ground, terminate each individual
dynamic probing test at the Instructed base of the trial pit or trial trench. Make a
second attempt for each test if refusal is met before the Instructed termination
depth, at a distance of not less than 150 mm from the original position;
4. Submit to the CM the preliminary results of the dynamic probing tests carried
out prior to excavation with the relevant daily site records for each trial pit or
trial trench excavated. Include the dynamic probing test results in the Final
Fieldwork Report and provide them in AGS digital format; and
5. Inform the CM immediately when each trial pit or trial trench has been
completed, or if hard strata are encountered. Carry out logging or photography
of each trial pit or trial trench after the termination of each excavation has been
Approved.
GIN.W730.7 SIZE AND SUPPORT OF TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES

1. Trial pits shall have nominal plan dimensions of 1.5 m x 1.5 m to their full depth
of excavation, unless otherwise Instructed or due to restricted space at the pit
location or where prevented by the presence of hard strata. Where trial pits are
excavated on sloping ground, the base of each pit shall be horizontal and any
Instructed termination depth shall be taken as the depth of excavation at the mid-
point of the base to original ground level;
2. Provide or carry out benching, shoring and access ladders such that personnel
can safely inspect the sides and base of the pit or trench or carry out in-situ tests
and take undisturbed samples;
3. Trial pit or trench sides shall be vertical and shored in such a manner that the
natural ground shall be clearly visible throughout the height of each face;
4. Adequately support the sides of all excavation exceeding 1.2 m deep at all times
to comply with the Construction Site (Safety) Regulations by using a method
approved by the CM to ensure the safeguarding of life and property;
5. This clause shall in no way relieve the Contractor of his obligations or
responsibilities under the Conditions of Contract.

GIN.W740.7 ACCESS TO TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES

1. Provide such ladders and platforms as may be necessary such that personnel can
safely inspect the sides and base of the pit/trench, take photographs and carry out
in-situ tests and take undisturbed samples as necessary in the trial pits or trial
trenches;
2. Provide such pumps as may be necessary to maintain the excavation free from
water and such ventilation and lighting as may be needed to ensure the safety of
people working in the pit/trench. The base of each excavation shall be clearly
visible during logging and taking of photographs.
GIN.W750.7 PUBLIC SAFETY

At all times when a trial pit or trial trench is left unattended, provide a strong wooden
cover securely battened down and appropriate fencing to prevent persons and
animals from falling into the excavation.
GIN.W760.7 PHOTOGRAPHS OF TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES

1. Within 2 working days of the date of Approval of any trial pit or trial trench,
take photograph of trial pit or trial trench using a reference board with maximum
dimensions of 300 mm (width) by 450 mm (length). Each face and the base
shall be photographed;
2. Each photograph shall cover a length of the excavated face of between 1.5 m and
2.0 m in both vertical and horizontal directions. Where more than one
photograph is required to cover the full excavated depth or length of a face, the
overlap between adjacent photographs shall be between 10% and 20%;
3. Each photograph shall identify the face of the excavation and shall contain a
natural scale. In the case of trial trenches, it shall also identify the location of the
photograph by the metrage along the face of the excavation;
4. One colour print of minimum size 85 mm x 125 mm of each trial pit or trial
trench photograph shall be supplied with the draft fieldwork report. Each copy
of the Final Fieldwork Report shall contain colour photocopies of A4 mounted
prints of minimum size 125 mm x 175 mm. Within 3 weeks of the award of the
Contract, submit the name(s) of the suppliers and samples of the colour
photocopies proposed for use in the Contract for the CM's approval. The quality
of the approved colour photocopies shall be maintained throughout the duration
of the Contract;
5. The method of photography shall be agreed with the CM prior to carrying out
the work and shall be in accordance with GIN.W1240; and
6. Submit one copy of photographs of the trial pit or trial trench to the CM for
approval before backfilling of the trial pit or trial trench.
GIN.W770.7 BACKFILLING OF INSPECTION PITS, TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL

TRENCHES
1. Backfill inspection pits on completion of the drillhole. Plug at the bottom with
concrete or similar material;
2. Backfill trial pits and trial trenches within 2 working days of the date of issue of
an instruction from the CM. The backfilling material shall contain no material
exceeding 200 mm in size, refuse, metal, rubber or synthetic material, peat,
vegetation, perishable material, toxic material or material susceptible to
combustion or to volume change;
3. Compact the material used to backfill inspection pits, trial pits and trial trenches
until original ground level is restored. Compaction for trial pits and trial
trenches shall be performed mechanically in successive layers of not more than
150 mm thick. Restore the ground surface to its condition prior to the
excavation, i.e. any pitching, paving, chunam, concrete or turf shall be replaced;

4. As backfilling of each trial pit or trial trench proceeds, remove progressively

timber, sheeting and other excavation supports, but the removal of such supports
will not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities for the safety and stability
of the Works;
5. On completion of backfilling and prior to any reinstatement of the ground
surface at the location of any trial pit or trial trench, carry out a further set of
dynamic probing tests unless otherwise Instructed. Carry out three such tests in
a triangular pattern not more than 0.8 m apart around the centre of each trial pit,
whilst in trial trenches one such test shall be carried out for each 1 m of plan
area of the excavation, equally spaced. Terminate each test at the level of the
excavated base of the respective trial pit or trial trench. Make a second and final
attempt for each test if refusal is met before the required depth, at a distance of
not less than 150 mm from the first test. Submit to the CM the results of the
dynamic probing tests with the relevant daily site records for each trial pit or trial
trench excavated, or to volume change. Compact the material used to backfill
inspection pits, trial pits and trial trenches until original ground level is restored;
6. Compact the backfill material such that the average dynamic probing test value
of the post-backfilled set of probes at any level within the excavation depth of
the pit or trench excavation, shall be 80% of the average value of the pre-
excavation set of probes at the same level, and no less than 10 blows/100 mm.
Notwithstanding this requirement, fill and compact any subsequent depression of
the ground surface occurring due to settlement;
7. For backfilling under an Excavation Permit, no broken concrete, bricks, clay,
bituminous materials, materials susceptible to spontaneous combustion,
perishable materials or debris shall be present in the backfill materials. The
backfill materials shall not exceed 75 mm maximum particle size. The work
shall comply with the requirements set out in the Conditions of Permit. The
more stringent requirement shall prevail in case of any ambiguities or
discrepancies between this clause and the Conditions of Permit. Satisfactory
compaction of backfill shall be demonstrated by testing for relative compaction
in accordance with the Worksection EAR. Relative compaction testing shall be
carried out for every meter depth of backfill in each trial pit and trial trench, at
locations instructed by the CM.
GIN.W777.7 RECORDS OF INSPECTION PITS

Include details of each inspection pit in the relevant daily site record and drillhole
record. Submit a photograph taken vertically downwards into each inspection pit
together with the daily site record for the relevant drillhole. A board showing the
Contract number, Works Order number where applicable, and drillhole number, and
the depth indicator used shall be clearly visible in the photograph.
GIN.W780.7 RECORDS OF TRIAL PITS AND TRIAL TRENCHES

1. Submit daily site records for trial pits or trial trenches in accordance with
GIN.W040. The format of daily site records shall be to the approval of the CM.
The information required on the daily site records is listed below:
a. Site name, Contractor's name, Contract number and Works Order number
where applicable, trial pit or trial trench number;
b. Dates of excavation and weather conditions;
c. Depths and details of all sampling and field testing including total blow
count for driven samples and sample recovery; and
d. Any other relevant information e.g. comments on stability, maximum and
average trial pit and trial trench depths and plan dimensions, water inflow,
powered tools used.

2. Submit preliminary and final records for trial pits or trial trenches in accordance
with GIN.W040. Present the records in the format as shown in Appendix III to
this Worksection, unless otherwise agreed by the CM. The record for each trial
pit or trial trench shall contain the following information:
a. Site name, Contractor's name, Contract number and Works Order number
where applicable, trial pit or trial trench number;
b. The reduced level at the centre of the pit for trial pits located on level or
sloping ground; the reduced levels of both ends of the longer axis for trial
trenches;
c. Dates during which trial pit or trial trench was excavated;
d. Dimensions of trial pit or trial trench and its orientation;
e. The co-ordinates of the centre of the pit for trial pits; the coordinates of both
ends of the longer axis for trial trenches;
f. Water levels with full details of fluctuation and locations of seepages. If no
water is encountered, this shall be recorded;
g. A hand drawn (preliminary) and computer-generated (final) representation
of the features and material types encountered in each face and the base of
the trial pit or trial trench. Fill shall be shown as its constituent materials in
the face sketch and its legend pattern in the legend column;
h. Details of photographs taken;
i. Stability conditions during excavation;
j. Locations and types of samples taken;
k. In-situ test types and locations;
l. The size and orientation of any services encountered;
m. A sketch showing the dimensions of any sub-surface structures, including
foundations exposed in the excavations;
n. If pumping was required during excavation this shall be noted and an
estimate of the rate of inflow of water made;
o. Sign of any settlement caused by excavation; and
p. A "remarks" section which shall include groundwater and wall stability
observations, average and maximum depths, use of shoring and details of
any obstruction encountered. If the required number of dynamic probing
tests was not carried out, the excavation was terminated earlier than
specified, or the plan area of the excavation was reduced, these facts shall be
noted with reasons.
GIN.W790.7 SLOPE SURFACE PROTECTION STRIPPING

1. Strip and dispose of surface protection, including that containing reinforcement,
from slopes to expose underlying common ground or rock. The width of
stripping shall be 500 mm, unless otherwise Instructed, with the axis of the strip
parallel to the dip of the slope. The underlying common ground shall be
excavated to a minimum depth of 100 mm and up to 300 mm as Instructed;
2. Terminate all excavation if boulders, rock or hard strata are encountered, unless
otherwise Instructed. Start the stripping at the top of the slope and proceed
downwards unless otherwise Instructed. Horizontal stripping may also be
required;
3. When Instructed, limit stripping to specified intervals (windows) along the
instructed length and provide a record for the full instructed length of the
stripping to the CM;
4. Provide access for inspection by the CM;

5. Protect all exposed surfaces in such a way as to minimise the channelling of

rainwater run-off. Cover up stripped areas at the end of each working day and
during rainstorms to prevent the ingress of water into the slope;
6. Backfill the excavation in common ground with material approved by the CM.
Reinstate stripped areas in form, colour, and conditions similar to the original
conditions unless otherwise Instructed. Obtain the permission of the CM before
reinstatement starts;
7. Submit preliminary and final slope stripping records in accordance with
GIN.W040. Present the records in the format as shown in Appendix III to this
Worksection, unless otherwise agreed by the CM. Records of the stripped areas
shall contain the following:
a. Descriptions of strata (including decomposed rock) encountered;
b. Levels and co-ordinates of the top and bottom of strips, berms, benches and
changes in type of slope surfacing. The survey results shall include all
points on each strip where there is a change in gradient. Any other salient
features shall be noted e.g. dip and dip direction of joints;
c. The direction and bearing of the slope and the results of any in situ testing
carried out;
d. A dimensioned sketch of the strip cross-section; and
e. Photographic records as specified in GIN.W1240. The photograph of the
exposed slope face shall be of such a size that it occupies the full height of
an A4 size page.
DRILLING AND HAND AUGERING FOR GROUND

INVESTIGATION
GIN.W810.7 METHOD AND PLANT TYPE
1. Inform the CM or his Representative immediately prior to the commencement of
any drilling. Unless otherwise Instructed, sink drillholes for ground
investigation by rotary methods;
2. Undertake drillholes by using rigs that meet the following requirements:
a. Drilling rigs shall be of the hydraulic feed type having the capacity to drill in
the sizes and to the termination requirements or depths Instructed;
b. Drilling rigs shall be capable of providing stable drill-string rotation at
speeds in the range 50-1250 rpm and have a minimum ram stroke length of
400 mm if applicable. The rigs shall be fitted with a tachometer, a hydraulic
feed pressure gauge of an appropriate scale and a pressure gauge for reading
water-flushing pressure. The hydraulic feed pressure readings shall be
readily converted to loads transferred to the bit in pounds or kilograms
according to the manufacturer's specification. In order to provide a means of
measuring penetration and estimating the rate of advance, a rigid rod, clearly
graduated in 10 mm increments, shall be permanently attached to, and
parallel with, the hydraulic feed rams;
c. Drilling rigs shall have the company name and a unique rig number clearly
and conspicuously marked; and
d. Drilling rigs shall be capable of drilling both vertical and inclined holes at
any angle.
3. Undertake coreholes by using portable electric powered coring rigs that meet the
following requirements. Other types of portable coring rig shall be subject to the
approval of the CM:
a. The rig can be attached securely to the structure being cored to minimise
vibration;

b. The rig shall be such that cores of H size or larger can be obtained to a depth
of 6 m measured along the axis of the hole, and that either water or air-foam
can be used as flushing medium;
c. The rig shall be capable of drilling at any inclination and shall be of such
type that samples of common ground can also be obtained from beyond the
structure being investigated.
4. The core barrels, drill rods and drill bits of drilling equipment for ground
investigation shall be of a type appropriate to the purpose of the drilling and
sampling. Triple tube core barrels shall be provided with bits suitable for air-
foam flush. The type and make of core barrels shall be approved by the CM;
5. The size of casings shall be appropriate to the drilling, coring, sampling, testing
and other installation requirements;
6. Use only standard nominal lengths of casing and drill rods. The mixing of
standard nominal imperial and metric lengths is not permitted;
7. Casings and drill rods shall be straight, in good condition, clean at the time of
drilling and free from scale, dirt and other loose material;
8. All accessories and spare parts shall be as supplied or recommended by the same
manufacturer unless otherwise approved by the CM. They shall be compatible
with the equipment in use and with each other. Sufficient spares for core barrels,
core bits, core lifters and other accessories shall be available for use on Site
without causing any delay to drilling operations. The condition of the core bit in
use shall be carefully monitored and if any damage occurs, such as breaking of
teeth, it shall be replaced immediately;
9. Always maintain core barrels in proper working order and pay particular
attention to the condition of the extrusion piston. Maintain the rubber O-rings in
good condition so that no water escapes past the piston during extrusion of the
cores;
10. Use sediment catcher tubes attached to the top of the core barrels if Instructed.
The tube shall have the same external diameter as the core barrel, and be
approximately 0.75 m long;
11. Store core barrels and drill rods on steel frame trestles;
12. Types of core barrel(s) to be used for individual drillholes will be as Instructed;
13. The methods and equipment used shall be such that:
a. The soils encountered and the levels at which changes in ground conditions
occur can be accurately identified;
b. The specified sampling requirements can be achieved;
c. All in-situ tests referred to in this Worksection can be undertaken and field
installations incorporated at any depth in the hole;
d. Consistency of measurement and minimal disturbance of the ground is
achieved;
e. Drilling of holes shall be executed in a sequence as indicated on the ground
investigation Drawings unless otherwise Instructed.
14. Rotary drilling shall normally be carried out with diamond, tungsten carbide or
combination tipped core bits which shall be suitable for the percentage core
recovery and diameters required by the Contract. The type and state of the core
bit, feed rates and management of the drill string shall be such that the specified
minimum acceptable core recovery in any single core run can be obtained where
the condition of the ground permits;

15. Common ground around the bottom of a drillhole shall not be unduly disturbed
by water entering or leaving the hole, or by stress relief. The water level in a
drillhole shall be kept at least 1 m to 2 m above the ambient groundwater level at
all times, unless otherwise Instructed. Rapid withdrawal of rods and sampling
equipment, causing rapid fluctuation in the water level inside the casing, shall be
avoided;
16. Advance casings concurrently with the removal of material in such a manner that
loss of ground is avoided. Set larger casings concentric with drillholes that are
being reamed;
17. When Instructed, drill coreholes through retaining walls or other man-made
structures by using single tube core barrels. Handle, photograph and report the
core obtained as if it were rock with the exception that the submission of data in
digital format is not required.
GIN.W820.7 SIZE OF DRILL HOLES

1. The size of bits, core barrels and casing shall conform to BS 4019-3:1993 or as
otherwise agreed by the CM. Whenever required by the CM, drilling rigs shall
be capable of drilling and recovering samples, vertically or inclined, with casing
to a depth of 60 metres in S or P size, 160 metres in H size and 200 metres in
N size. For purpose of pumping test, provide rigs of adequate capacity for
drilling holes of minimum 250 mm diameter;
2. When Instructed, increase the size of a drillhole by reaming. The larger casing
shall be set concentric with the existing hole and shall be sunk parallel with it.
GIN.W825.7 CATEGORIES OF CORE DRILLING

Three categories of core drilling shall be available:
1. Category 'A' Water/Air-foam flush with triple tube core barrels using split
inner tube (4C-MLC, HMLC or NMLC);
2. Category 'B' Water/Air-foam flush with double tube core barrels (T2-101,
TNW or products having equivalent functions or performance Approved);
3. Category 'C' Water/Air-foam flush with single tube core barrels.
GIN.W828.7 RECOVERY OF CORES

1. Total core recovery is defined as the length of core recovered expressed as a
percentage of the length of core run carried out;
2. The total core recoveries given below are the minimum which shall normally be
accepted for the categories of drilling as defined in GIN.W825:
Minimum Acceptable Total Core Recovery for Category of Drilling (%)
Category
'A' 'A' 'B' 'C'
Ground (Air-foam (Water flush) Water/Air- Water/Air-
Conditions flush) foam flush) foam flush)
Rock of
Decomposition
Grade of I to III 98 98 95 90
or concrete or
boulder
Common ground 80 N/A N/A N/A
GIN.W830.7 CORING RUN LENGTH

1. Limit coring runs to a maximum length of 1.5 m;

2. If the percentage core recovery in a core run is less than that specified, reduce
the following core run by 50%, to a minimum length of 0.5 m;
3. Notwithstanding the above requirements, withdraw the core barrel and remove
the core more frequently as necessary to secure the maximum possible core
recovery when approved by the CM.
GIN.W840.7 BLOCKED DRILLHOLE

The core shall be removed from the drillhole immediately if blocking of the bit or
grinding of the core is apparent regardless of the length of run which has been made.
GIN.W850.7 USE OF LUBRICANTS AND FLUSHING MEDIUMS

1. Do not use drilling lubricants other than clean water unless otherwise Instructed;
2. If the flushing medium is water, comply with the followings:
a. Provide a pump equipped with a gear box and capable of delivering up to
2 litres/sec;
b. The pump shall incorporate a "surge" bottle to reduce fluctuations in water
pressure and the suction hose shall be fitted with a suitable filter. It shall
have a by-pass system allowing full control of water flow at all pump
delivery rate;
c. A flowmeter and a pressure gauge shall be directly fitted into the water
supply line on the 'downstream' side of the by-pass valve. The flowmeter
shall give an immediate visual indication of flow rate (e.g. a large rotating
wheel) and be capable of measuring flow rates to the nearest 0.01 litres/sec.
3. If the flushing medium is air with foam additive, comply with the following:
a. Provide an appropriate air-compressor and all necessary ancillary equipment
to carry out drilling with air-foam flush to the CM's satisfaction;
b. The foam return shall be the consistency of thick shaving cream and the hole
shall be kept full of foam at all times. The foam shall either be fully
biodegradable or water soluble and arrangements shall be made for the
collection and removal or dispersal of the foam returns, if required. The
proposed foam additive and mixes shall be to the approval of the CM. A
typical arrangement of air-foam mixing and flushing system is shown in
Figure 12, Geoguide 2.
4. Flushing media shall be passed through a sedimentation basin and shall be either
re-used or be discharged to surface drains or natural stream courses, except
stream courses that are used as a supply of drinking water. Take measures to
prevent the flushing medium from seeping through the ground. Provide
excavated re-circulation pits or re-circulation tanks at the drillhole locations if
the flush returns cannot be discharged safely or if Instructed. If necessary,
provide temporary settling ponds or tanks to remove drilling cuttings/arisings
prior to the disposal of flush returns.
GIN.W860.7 RAPID DRILLHOLES

1. The Contractor may be required to form holes up to 250 mm diameter and 60 m
deep in soil or rock using rapid rotary-percussive methods with air or water as
flushing medium and as follows:
a. The OD method (Overburden Drilling): this will require the use of top-
hammers to advance bit and casing tubes at the same time;
b. If required by the CM the casing tubes, or Approved equivalent, shall be left
in the drillhole to enable drilling to continue with conventional core barrels;

c. Accurately measure and record the rate of penetration with this method of
drilling. The method of measurement of penetration will be to Approval.
The measurement of the rate of penetration can generally be achieved by
timing, with a stop watch, the passage of a fixed point on the drillrods over a
unit distance which can vary from 0.15 m to 1.0 m;
d. The Final Report shall include a graphical record of rate of penetration
against depth for each rotary percussive drillhole.
2. As far as possible consistent pressures and rotation speeds should be used with
rotary percussive drilling. Changes in any drilling parameters such as bit
pressure or gearing etc should all be recorded and presented with the penetration
record for the drillhole;
3. This drilling technique may be required for proving bedrock, probing for
boulders, forming holes rapidly for the installation of instruments or forming
inclined holes for the installation of drains.
GIN.W865.7 ROTARY OPEN HOLE DRILLING

Advance a hole up to 170 mm in diameter and to a maximum depth of 40 m in
common ground, rock or hard strata without the recovery of core or samples by
means of a tricone roller bit, drag bit or other non-coring bit with water as the
flushing medium.
GIN.W870.7 INCLINATION AND BEARING MEASUREMENT OF DRILLHOLES

1. When required by the CM, measure and report the inclination and bearing of a
drillhole using a single-shot or multi-shot photographic survey tool or similar
Approved instrument;
2. Report the results of each test on the daily site records and state the average
inclination and bearing over the length of the drillhole on both the preliminary
and final record. Submit the original film data with the daily site records.
GIN.W910.7 DRILLING RECORDS

1. The information required on the daily site record and records of a hole are listed
below:
a. Contractor's name, Contract number, Works Order number where applicable,
Site name and hole number;
b. Rig type, number, operator, hours worked and method of drilling;
c. Dates of operation and weather conditions;
d. Ground level of hole, the depth of each stratum from the surface and level of
samples, in-situ tests and field installations;
e. Details of all samples including blow counts of driven samples, in-situ tests
and field installations and inclination/orientation of hole;
f. Details of casing and length of casing;
g. Water levels at start of shift, end of shift, and at times as GIN.W210;
h. Full and continuous description of the material encountered in the hole,
including the classification of each stratum by name and, when required by
the CM, the characteristics of the discontinuities all according to Geoguide 3;
i. Water return;
j. Details of any delays, standing time;
k. Rock Quality Designation (RQD), Fracture Index, Core Recovery and Rock
Grade as defined in Figure 4 of Geoguide 3;
l. Co-ordinates of hole position related to the Hong Kong Metric Grid;

m. Legend (Drillhole Records);

n. Any other relevant information.
2. Present the daily record sheets and record sheets of a hole in the format as shown
in Appendix III to this Worksection, unless otherwise agreed by the CM.
GIN.W920.7 BACKFILLING OF DRILLHOLES AND ROTARY OPEN HOLES

1. Backfill all drillholes and rotary open holes in which no instrumentation will be
installed with cement bentonite grout within one working day of the completion
of the hole. The cement bentonite grout shall be a pumpable mix of cement and
bentonite in the proportion of 4:1 by dry weight, or an alternative mix agreed by
the CM. The water content of the grout shall be limited to that necessary for
proper mixing and placement. In no case shall the water:cement ratio exceed 3.
The resulting grout shall be free of lumps and foreign material;
2. When Instructed, backfill drillholes with cement grout with water/cement ratio
not exceeding 0.45 from the bottom of the drillholes up to a depth specified by
the CM. Backfill the remaining portion of the drillhole by cement bentonite
grout as described in sub-clause (1) above after the cement grout has achieved
initial set;
3. Submit a method statement to the CM for approval together with a trial showing
the proposed equipment, material, mixing, handling and placement procedures
including appropriate quality controls and checks to be adopted;
4. For each drillhole backfilled with grout, record the viscosity of the grout
measured by Marsh Funnel and specific gravity of the grout measured by Mud
Balance or any instrument of sufficient accuracy to permit measurement within
0.01 g/cc. Keep a labelled jar sample of grout from each hole;
5. Unless otherwise Instructed, feed the grout into the bottom of the hole using a
suitable pump and a tremie pipe, the end of which shall always be maintained
below the grout/water interface. Remove casing in stages during grouting to
ensure that the entire hole is backfilled. Check grout level at least 24 hours after
initial grouting, and top up any significant drop in grout level with additional
grout, or backfill with material agreed by the CM. Level and compact any
subsequent depression;
6. Only if Instructed shall granular material, cement mortar or other materials be
used to backfill the holes. Under no circumstances shall the Contractor use
cement-bentonite balls (i.e. mixed paste) to backfill the hole;
7. Include in the daily site record a complete record of backfilling operations
including the quantity of grout placed, the drop in grout level after 24 hours, the
viscosity and specific gravity of the grout and any other relevant information and
submit the record to the CM within 3 days of completion of backfilling;
8. For backfilling involving an Excavation Permit, the work shall comply with the
requirements set out in the Conditions of the Excavation Permit. If there are any
discrepancies between this clause and the Conditions of the Excavation Permit,
the more stringent requirement shall prevail.
GIN.W930.7 BACKFILLING OF COREHOLES

Backfill each corehole with sand and cement mortar (1:1 ratio by weight) unless
otherwise Instructed.
GIN.W940.7 METHOD OF AUGERING

1. Auger holes shall be advanced using hand-operated helical or post-hole type
augers;
2. No material other than clean water shall be added to the auger holes and only
when Approved;
3. Casing will not be required.
GIN.W950.7 DIAMETER OF AUGER HOLES

Post-hole auger holes shall be at least 100 mm diameter unless otherwise specified or
Instructed.
FIELD INSTALLATIONS
GIN.W1110.7 INSTALLATION OF STANDPIPES
1. When Instructed, install standpipes in completed boreholes or drillholes (the
holes) as indicated in Appendix V to this Worksection. Install the standpipes
within 3 working days after the date of receiving the instruction;
2. The standpipes shall consist of rigid uPVC tubing to the dimensions as described
in GIN.M120 for piezometer. The tube shall be capped at its lower end, and
perforated/slotted in accordance with the Appendix V;
3. The upper imperforated end of the tube shall be set in concrete and fitted with an
air vented uPVC cap and lockable surface box as shown in Appendix IV to this
Worksection;
4. Fill the annular space between the perforated uPVC pipe and the wall of the hole
with 6 mm to 10 mm size aggregates for its full length;
5. Take readings of water levels in standpipes as described in GIN.T010. Submit
preliminary results within 3 working days after the date of completion of water
level monitoring and tabulate and incorporate the results in the Final Fieldwork
Report.
GIN.W1130.7 INSTALLATION OF PIEZOMETERS

1. When Instructed, install piezometers in completed boreholes or drillholes (the
holes) as indicated in Appendix V to this Worksection. Install the piezometers
within 3 working days after the date of receiving the instruction;
2. The upper end of the tube shall be set in concrete and fitted with an air vented
uPVC cap and a lockable surface box as shown in Appendix IV to this
Worksection;
3. Prior to installation, flush the completed hole with clean water to remove loose
materials. Where the depth of the completed hole is greater than the depth at
which the piezometer tip, sand filter and bottom bentonite seal are to be installed,
the hole below the seal shall be grouted;
4. The grout shall consist of cement and bentonite in the proportion of 1:1 by
weight or alternative mix as agreed by the CM. Bentonite shall be thoroughly
mixed with water for at least 15 minutes before cement is added;
5. Place sufficient grout in the hole using a tremie pipe reaching to the bottom of
the hole, such that the top of the grout shall finish 1.0 m below the base of the
Instructed response zone. Bentonite pellets of between 10 mm and 15 mm in
size, or other material to the approval of the CM, shall be placed in the hole and
shall always be tamped with a suitable shaped tamper to form a homogeneous
plug 1 m thick;
6. Extend the sand filter surround to the piezometer tip forming the response zone
to at least 500 mm above and below the piezometer tip unless otherwise
Instructed. The sand filter shall comprise clean sand, falling wholly between the
grading limits of 200 and 1210 microns, and the volume of the sand filter placed
shall be recorded on the daily site records. Alternative filter material shall be to
the approval of the CM;

7. Where there is water in a hole, allow sufficient time for all the sand to settle, and
measurements of the upper surface of the filter shall be taken from time to time
to ensure this. Bentonite pellets, or other material to the approval of the CM,
shall then be placed above the sand filter in the hole and shall always be tamped
with a suitable shaped tamper to form a homogeneous impermeable plug 1 m
thick. The depth of all boundaries in an installation shall always be recorded on
the daily site records;
8. Backfill the hole above the compressed bentonite pellets with the
cement/bentonite grout as described above to the details shown in Appendix V to
this Worksection;
9. Take readings of water levels in piezometers as described in GIN.T010. Submit
preliminary results within 3 working days after the date of completion of water
level monitoring and tabulate and incorporate the results in the Final Fieldwork
Report.
GIN.W1135.7 INSTALLATION OF BUCKETS IN STANDPIPES AND PIEZOMETERS

1. When Instructed, fabricate strings of buckets and install them in
standpipes/piezometers. Install the buckets within 3 working days after the
response test or within 3 working days of receiving an instruction, whichever is
the later. The details of fabrication are as shown in Figure 23 of Geoguide 2;
2. Each installed bucket shall have the depth below existing ground level clearly
marked at the mid point of the bucket. Include a record of all buckets including
their depth and date of installation in the relevant daily site records.
GIN.W1140.7 MONITORING STANDPIPES AND PIEZOMETERS

1. When Instructed, monitor either previously installed existing
standpipes/piezometers or those standpipes/piezometers installed by the
Contractor in accordance with this Worksection;
2. Where standpipes/piezometers contain buckets, they shall also be monitored.
Empty all buckets after monitoring. Lock surface boxes securely after
monitoring;
3.
a. Take standpipe/piezometer readings at intervals as Instructed;
b. Reading intervals will vary depending on the time of year and the weather.
Dates for readings and report submissions shall be given by the CM;
c. Submit the reading results to the CM within 3 days of the reading date;
d. The wet season shall be taken as being from 1st May to 31st October and
intense rainfall shall be rainfall greater than 100 mm/day.
4. Submit reading results with an updated list of water level readings and in
graphical plots for each tube as per the typical layout at Appendix VII to this
Worksection. Submit two copies of each to the CM within 3 days of taking the
readings;
5. The graphical plots shall include rainfall information from Geotechnical
Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Development Department (GEO, CEDD)
rainfall station nearest to the standpipe/piezometer. Propose for Approval the
rainfall station to be used. An information sheet on all GEO rain gauges is
published monthly by the Geotechnical Information Unit, GEO, CEDD;
6. Holes may have more than one standpipe/piezometer tubes but readings shall be
taken in each tube. The measurement for standpipe/piezometer readings shall be
for each tube reading.

GIN.W1145.7 AUTOMATIC GROUNDWATER MONITORING DEVICE IN

STANDPIPES AND PIEZOMETERS
1. When Instructed, monitor groundwater levels in standpipes/piezometers by an
automatic groundwater monitoring device. Submit details of the automatic
groundwater monitoring device and report format to the CM for Approval;
2. Holes may have more than one standpipe/piezometer tubes. When Instructed,
carry out automatic groundwater monitoring for the tube(s);
3. The automatic groundwater monitoring device shall comply with the following
minimum requirements:
a. Memory capacity: 24,000 measurements (non-volatile);
b. Sampling rate: 0.5sec to 99 hours;
c. Measurement range: 30 m H2O with accuracy of 0.025 m H2O and
resolution of 0.01 m H2O.
4. Download monitoring data as Instructed by the CM;
5. Submit monitoring data with an updated list of water level readings taken by
dipmeter in graphical plot. Submit two copies of each and a floppy disk or CD-
ROM containing the monitoring data in digital format to the CM within
3 working days of downloading the monitoring data;
6. Include graphical plots of rainfall information from Geotechnical Engineering
Office, Civil Engineering Development Department (GEO, CEDD) rainfall
station nearest to the standpipe/piezometer. Propose for Approval the rainfall
station to be used. An information sheet on all GEO rain gauges is published
monthly by the Geotechnical Information Unit, GEO, CEDD.
GIN.W1150.7 FLUSHING OUT STANDPIPES AND PIEZOMETERS

When Instructed, provide all necessary labour, plant and material to clean out
blocked piezometers and standpipes by water flushing.
GIN.W1160.7 INSTALLING INCLINOMETER ACCESS TUBES

1. When Instructed, install inclinometer access tubes in existing or new drillholes
for measuring ground movements in directions perpendicular to the drillhole axis;
2. All components of the inclinometer system shall be from the same manufacturer
to the approval of the CM;
3.
a. The access tube shall be of rigid PVC tubing with a bore of 50 to 70 mm. It
shall be self aligning and contain 4 longitudinal keyways equally spaced
around the perimeter precisely manufactured to fit the wheel dimensions of
the torpedo as described in GIN.W1170 through the entire length of the tube;
b. The access tube shall be supplied and installed in not less than 3 m lengths
except for one shorter length as required to suit the total required depth;
c. The tubes shall be joined together with Approved couplings and rivets with
sealing mastic applied to each rivet head and also to the points where tubing
enters a coupling;
d. The whole joint assembly shall be wrapped in impregnated water-proofing
tape and the end cap shall also be fixed and sealed in a similar manner.
4.
a. Before the assembled access tube is lowered into a drillhole, the hole shall
be pre-grouted in accordance with GIN.W930. The strength of the grout
shall be comparable to that of the surrounding soil or rock;
b. Clean water shall be added to the inside of the tubing to overcome buoyancy
and the ingress of grout;
c. When installation is finished the tubing shall be completely filled with clean
water and keyways aligned to the required directions.
5. When Instructed, the upper end of the tube shall be set in concrete and fitted
with lockable surface box in accordance with details as shown in Appendix IV to
this Worksection.
GIN.W1170.7 TAKING INCLINOMETER READINGS

1.
a. When Instructed, take inclinometer readings at the required frequency using
an Approved biaxial torpedo. The torpedo shall be fitted with wheels and
contain 2 servo-accelerometers located securely within a stainless steel water
proof housing;
b. The accelerometers shall have the sensing axes at 0 and 90, allowing the
angle of inclination of sensor and probe casing to be measured in two
orthogonal directions;
c. The sensitivity of the probe shall not be less than 0.02 mm per 500 mm
casing with a total System Accuracy of 1.0 mm per 25 m of casing or better;
d. The torpedo shall be able to negotiate access tube curvature of not less than
3 m radius.
2. The length of the wheel base shall be in the order of two thirds of the overall
length of the probe body and the outside diameter of the torpedo (not including
the wheels) shall be 25.4 mm or less. The operating range shall be 0 to 53
measured from the vertical. All electrical connections and the torpedo shall be
fully waterproofed enabling the probe to operate and provide accurate and
repeatable readings under water;
3. The wheels of the inclinometer probe shall be spring loaded enabling it to run
precisely in the grooves of the inclinometer casing with a minimum of wobble in
the 90 axis;
4. The inclinometer suspension/control cable shall be continuous with no splices or
defects steel core with one piece waterproof neoprene jacket to prevent creep
and slippage during use and of adequate length for all the holes on the project. It
shall be limited to 10 mm diameter;
5. Reading shall be taken successively along the entire length of access tube at
500 mm intervals or shorter, and also at depths as directed by the CM. A set of
readings is a down and up set for the first direction and 90 to the first direction.
Another set of readings shall also be taken with the torpedo axis rotated through
180 to minimise face errors;
6.
a. Results of all inclinometer readings shall be presented to the CM within 3
working days of completion of each monitoring and shall include a profile of
all the horizontal deviations from the true vertical at each measuring point in
units of mm;
b. Four copies of monitoring reports shall be submitted to the CM within
14 days of the completion of the required monitoring. The report shall
contain all the results obtained in each monitoring and where appropriate the
final monitoring report may be included in the Final Report to be submitted
in accordance with GIN.W040.
GIN.W1180.7 MONITORING MOVEMENTS OF RETAINING STRUCTURES AND

CRACKS
1. When Instructed by the CM or his Representatives, provide and install tell-tales,
tilt-plates, nail heads for Demag gauge measurement, or similar approved type
for measuring retaining walls or crack movements in all directions;

2. Prior to the installation and monitoring, submit to the CM details of the proposed
instruments to be installed, monitoring equipments to be used, installation
methods and monitoring methods for Approval. The details of the proposed
monitoring instruments and equipments to be used shall be submitted with
manufacturer's standard specification;
3.
a. When instructed by the CM or his Representatives, monitor and maintain
either existing monitoring instruments or monitoring instruments installed
by the Contractor and readings shall be taken at the required frequency;
b. Results of all monitoring readings shall be presented to the CM within 3
working days of each monitoring.
4.
a. Provide all equipment of every kind necessary for use in the execution of the
monitoring works;
b. All equipment to be used shall be calibrated within the recommended
calibration period and conform with the relevant manufacturer's standard
specification prior to the start of each monitoring work;
c. Calibration certificates shall be supplied to the CM whenever an instrument
is calibrated and the standard calibration procedure from the relevant
manufacturer shall be followed and supplied together with required
calibration interval and the most recent calibration carried out.
GIN.W1190.7 TILTMETER SYSTEM

1. The Tiltmeter System shall include three major components: tiltmeter sensor,
mounting plate and read out unit;
2.
a. The portable tiltmeter sensor shall utilise a closed loop, force-balanced servo
accelerometer specifically designed for vertical or horizontal tilt
measurements;
b. The tiltmeter sensor shall have a measuring range of 50 from vertical or
horizontal, with a sensitivity of 8 arc. seconds reading + 5 arc seconds/C or
better. The sensor unit shall have a stainless steel base and accelerometer
housing. To operate, the sensor shall be oriented on the pegs of the
mounting plate and an angle read on the four digit indicator display;
c. The mounting plates shall be cast from specially formulated porcelain with
four equally spaced pegs on 102 mm diameter circumference. The plates
shall be bonded to the rock, concrete, or metal surface by an Approved
epoxy resin.
3. The readout unit shall be portable, powered by a rechargeable battery capable of
operating for a minimum of 16 hours at 20C. This readout unit shall have a 20
x 20 backlit LCD screen. The readout unit shall have a temperature rating of -
20C to +50C and shall be housed in an aluminium case with a plastic jacket.
The top of the box shall be splash proof with waterproof connectors.
GIN.W1200.7 TELLTALES
1. The standard telltale shall be capable of monitoring movement across cracks in
both horizontal and vertical directions. The instrument shall be manufactured
using durable acrylic plastic with a linear coefficient of thermal expansion of 7.3
x 10-5 mm/C;
2. The corner telltale shall be capable of monitoring movement across cracks in the
corners in both horizontal and vertical directions. The instrument shall be
manufactured using PVC rigid sheet with a linear coefficient of thermal
expansion of 6.5 x 10-5 mm/C;

3. The floor telltale shall be capable of monitoring settlement of floors relative to a

wall or a column. The instrument shall be manufactured using PVC rigid sheet
with a linear coefficient of thermal expansion of 6.5 x 10-5 mm/C;
4. The displacement telltale shall be capable of monitoring movement across cracks
when one surface moves out of plane with the other. The instrument shall be
manufactured using PVC rigid sheet with a linear coefficient of thermal
expansion of 6.5 x 10-5 mm/C.
GIN.W1210.7 DEMAG GAUGE

1. The Demag Gauge shall consist of an Invar main beam with two conical locating
points, one in a fixed position at one end, and the other, pivoting on a special
knife edge. The pivoting movement shall be transmitted to a dial gauge
graduated in 2 x 10- mm mounted on a table. The dial gauge shall be able to
measure a maximum movement of 5 mm. The main beam shall be fixed to the
pivot block with the dial table;
2. The gauge points shall be made by stainless steel discs and cemented to the
structure using the setting out bar. The Demag readings are operator dependent.
Ensure that the same technician always performs the gauge readings.
GIN.W1220.7 SETTLEMENT MARKERS

1. When Instructed, provide, install and monitor settlement markers at surface of
existing features or at vertical face of building such as wall for settlement
monitoring. Survey the settlement markers for level and position and plot on the
Instrument Location Plan immediately after installation;
2. Surface Settlement Marker:
a. The settlement marker shall be securely founded on level ground free from
obstructions. Surface settlement marker shall be installed as in
Appendix XVIII of this Worksection.
3. Building Settlement Marker:
a. The settlement marker shall be installed as in Appendix XVIII of this
Worksection and securely fixed to building free from obstructions.
GIN.W1230.7 MAGNETIC EXTENSOMETER

1. The magnetic extensometer shall include two major components:
a. Magnetic target (magnet);
b. Read switch probe.
2. For each number of magnetic extensometer ordered, it shall be equipped with a
maximum 7 nos. of magnetic targets and the installation details including their
depths and intervals shall be specified by the CM;
3. The magnetic targets shall be Spider Magnets comprising a PVC body with
3 Spring steel legs. The legs shall be Zinc Plate Type II coated for corrosion
resistance and be attached to the body with stainless steel screws 120 degrees
from one another. The legs shall be 210 mm long and require a force of at least
40N to pull the leg flush with the access tubing during tying. The magnet body
shall have 6 or 12 Alnico V magnets equally spaced around its centre line;
4. The magnet shall be tied to the casing by a single wrap of 20 kg test nylon line
around the top and bottom legs. The line shall be held in place by a draw pin
which passes through a loop at each end of the lines. The draw pin shall be
attached to a nylon cord at least 5 m longer than the installation depth. The
magnet shall be held in its correct location on the access tubing by catching the
top line in a tight score mark on the access tubing that will be no deeper than
0.5 mm. The magnet shall be released by withdrawing the pin from the magnet
by pulling the nylon cord when it is at the required location in the borehole;

5. The Reed Switch Probe shall consist of a reel housing, the electronics and a tape
with a probe at the end. The probe shall be 15 mm diameter made of stainless
steel and shall house a miniature reed switch. The tape shall consist of a survey
tape graduated in millimetres, coated with polyethylene, having two conductors
running its length, either side of the survey tape. The reel shall be powder
coated and have an epoxy painted stand. The reel shall have a light and buzzer
to provide visual and audio response to magnetic fields;
6.
a. When instructed by the CM or his Representatives, monitor magnetic
extensometer installed and readings shall be taken at the required frequency;
b. Results of monitoring readings shall be presented to the CM within 3
working days of each test.
7.
a. Provide all equipment of every kind necessary for use in execution of the
monitoring works;
b. All equipment to be used shall be calibrated within the recommended
calibration period and conform with the relevant manufacturer's standard
specification prior to the start of each monitoring work;
c. Calibration certificates shall be supplied to the CM whenever an instrument
is calibrated and the standard calibration procedure from the relevant
manufacturer shall be followed and supplied together with the required
calibration interval and the most recent calibration carried out.
GIN.W1240.7 PHOTOGRAPHS OF GROUND INVESTIGATION WORKS

1. Within 3 working days of the date of completion of the hole, take photograph of
the samples and/or cores contained within each core box. The photograph shall
contain a reference board giving details of:
a. Contract number and Works Order number where applicable;
b. Project title;
c. Hole number;
d. Core box number (where applicable);
e. Depth below ground level of start and finish of all material in the core box;
f. Contractor's name;
g. Date of taking the photograph;
h. Standard colour chart or similar;
i. A reference scale for the entire board length marked in 100 mm units.
2. The following criteria shall also be fulfilled:
a. The core is evenly lit with no shadows;
b. The core box and reference board in each photograph fill the frame;
c. The focal plane of the camera and the plane of the core box are parallel.
3. All cores, except those susceptible to deterioration on contact with water, shall
be thoroughly moistened before being photographed. Where core boxes contain
disturbed samples, the lids shall be removed from the containers so that the
contents are visible in the photograph. The first disturbed sample in any
photographed core box shall be identified by its unique sample number and
depth so that subsequent disturbed samples in that box can also be identified;

4. All photographs taken during the Contract Period shall be either on good quality
colour film or in digital format as instructed by the CM. It is essential to
maintain a sharp image and good colour saturation of the photographs. Colour
film shall be of the same manufacture, speed and type to maintain consistent
colour balance. Soft copy of digital photographs (digital photograph images)
shall be the original unaltered digital images taken with a digital camera that
shall conform to the JPEG Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) Version 2.2 (or later
version) standard;
5. All exposed film shall be processed at a professional laboratory to ensure even
results throughout the Contract. Photographs of poor quality due to uneven
colour balance, poor focus, missing information or other defects shall not be
accepted and the Contractor shall re-photograph the subject at his own expense;
6. One full set of colour prints of minimum size 85 mm x 125 mm shall be supplied
with the draft fieldwork report. Colour photocopies of A4 mounted prints of
minimum size 200 mm x 250 mm shall be supplied in each copy of the Final
Fieldwork Report. Within 3 weeks of award of the Contract, the name(s) of the
suppliers and samples of the colour photocopies proposed to be use in the
contract shall be submitted for the CM's approval. If approved, the quality of the
colour photocopies shall be maintained throughout the duration of the Contract;
7. The photograph negatives, digital photograph images and all prints shall become
the property of the Employer and shall not be used by the Contractor for any
purpose without written consent from the CM;
8.
a. Photographs of soil samples may be required from selected boreholes as
decided by the CM or his Representatives. These may include piston,
undisturbed samples. The samples should be split longitudinally and
photographed using the procedure as for the rock core except they should
not be wetted. The top and bottom of each sample should be clearly labelled;
b. Where photographs of soil samples are required, one copy of each soil
sample photograph shall be included in each of the laboratory draft report, in
each of the Final Reports;
c. Split and take photograph all triaxial test samples (refer to GIN.T340).
GIN.W1260.7 DATA FOR SETTING OUT THE WORKS

1. It is the Contractor's responsibility to locate Lands Department Bench Marks and
survey control points for his use in setting out of any Works. Carry out all
survey and levelling work necessary for setting out of any Works in fulfilment of
his obligations for setting out of the Works under the Conditions of Contract. In
all cases, levelling shall be referred to the Principal Datum of Hong Kong;
2. Setting out and levelling shall be carried out to an accuracy of 0.1 m and
0.01 m respectively or as otherwise directed by the CM or his Representatives;
3.
a. If it is impractical to locate the Investigation Station within the area defined
in GIN.W020 (17), reposition the Station with the prior approval of the CM;
b. No drilling will be allowed to commence unless the setting out of the
Investigation Station has been agreed by the CM or his Representatives.
4. Following completion of work at each Investigation Station, determine the co-
ordinates of the Investigation Station to the nearest 0.1 m, and the ground level
at the Investigation Station to the nearest 0.01 m. Submit these information to
the CM or his Representatives within 3 working days of the completion of work
at each Investigation Station;
5. Protect and fence adequately all survey pegs and marks erected to enable the
proper execution of the Works;

6. When ordered by the CM, carry out additional setting out and levelling of
Investigation Stations;
7. When ordered by the CM, carry out surveying to determine the co-ordinates and
levels of Survey Stations set up by others.
GIN.W1270.7 RESULTS AND SAMPLES TO BECOME THE EMPLOYER'S PROPERTY

All the results of the investigation and testings shall be deemed to be the property of
the Employer and shall not be divulged without the CM's consent. All cores,
samples and other materials recovered from the holes shall also be deemed to be the
property of the Employer and the Contractor shall not dispose of any such materials
and samples except as directed by the CM or his Representatives.
GIN.W1280.7 TOLERANCES
Refer to Appendix H "Schedule of Tolerances" to this Specification.

GROUND INVESTIGATION, ...... GIN > TESTING
TESTING
FIELD TESTS
GIN.T010.7 RESPONSE TEST AND WATER LEVEL READINGS IN STANDPIPES
AND PIEZOMETERS
1. Within three working days of the completion of the installation of any
standpipe/piezometer, carry out a Response Test in order to prove its successful
operation. When Instructed, carry out Response Test on any existing
standpipe/piezometer;
2. Carry out the test as for a falling head permeability test except that it shall be
terminated after 60 minutes or when the water level has retuned to its initial level,
which is sooner. Before any Response Test is carried out, give the CM at least
1 working day's prior notice;
3. Submit preliminary results on a record sheet, to the approval of the CM within
1 working day of completion of each test. Include the results of all Response
Tests in the fieldwork report;
4. For newly installed standpipes/piezometers:
a. After completion of the Response Tests, read all standpipe and piezometer
water levels daily whilst working on the Site until 7 days after installation of
the last standpipe or piezometer;
b. Subsequent readings on a periodic basis may also be required by the CM;
c. Submit to the CM records of each readings which shall include hole number,
site name, contract number, Works Order number where applicable, date and
time of reading, reduced level of ground water surface and method of taking
reading. All water levels recorded shall be presented in record charts in a
tabular and graphical form as Appendix VII to this Worksection.
GIN.T020.7 IMPRESSION PACKER TEST

1. When Instructed, carry out drillhole impression packer surveys in vertical or
inclined drillholes in TNW or T2-101 size, in accordance with Geoguide 2 and
using equipment and methods to the approval of the CM. The impression packer
equipment shall be capable of surveying a minimum 1.5 m length of drillhole for
each test;
2. Carry out the survey by inserting the impression packer device into the drillhole
to the depths Instructed, expanding the packers and obtaining an impression of
the drillhole wall on the thermoplastic film surrounding the packers. The survey
shall be referenced to a known direction by means of a downhole compass and
sufficient time shall be allowed for the compass to set following the expansion of
the packer. Great care shall be taken when placing the thermoplastic film onto
the packers and when transferring the north point from the compass to the film;
3. If an impression packer survey is instructed over a continuous length of drillhole
longer than the length of the impression packer itself, successive impression
packer test sections shall overlap by a minimum of 250 mm to ensure continuity
of information and cross-checking of the north direction between successive test
sections;
4. Carry out measurements of the dip and dip direction of the discontinuity traces
on the impression packer film. This will involve the measurement of the dip and
dip direction of the joints contained in the section of core taken from the
drillhole at the level of the impression packer, related to discontinuity traces on
the impression packer film;

5. Present the results of the survey on a discontinuity log, in the format to be

approved by the CM. Submit each set of preliminary logs to the CM with the
preliminary logs of the hole and shall be presented in the Final Fieldwork Report
in the same format.
GIN.T040.7 N-SCHMIDT HAMMER TEST

1. Schmidt Hammer testing using the N type Schmidt Hammer shall be carried out
at the specified intervals on chunam strips. The CM may also instruct testing to
be carried out at other locations;
2. The test shall be carried out on a smooth vertical soil face by trimming a patch of
at least 100 mm square on the surface exposed after stripping of chunam
surfacing. The test shall be conducted, with the hammer held in the horizontal
direction, by striking at the vertical face of the patch;
3. Prior to each testing sequence, the hammer shall be calibrated using a calibration
test anvil supplied by the manufacturer for that purpose. At each specified
location, several initial "seating" blows shall be taken to ensure good contact.
Ten consecutive readings shall then be recorded by striking the same spot;
4. Preliminary results shall be submitted to the CM within 2 weeks of the
completion of the tests. The results shall be presented in the form specified in
Appendix X to this Worksection. The results sheets shall also be included in the
Final Report and the rebound values given in the slope surface stripping records
to be submitted in accordance with GIN.W040.
GIN.T050.7 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST

1. The apparatus and procedure for standard penetration test (SPT) shall comply
with BS EN ISO 22476-3:2005, amended by this clause as necessary. The drive
hammer shall be a type incorporating an automatic trip mechanism to ensure free
fall. The steel anvil of the drive assembly shall have a diameter of 145 5 mm.
The guide rod arrangement that permits the hammer to drop with minimal
resistance shall have an outer diameter of at least 3 mm smaller than the
diameter of the central hole of the hammer;
2. A cone ended adaptor with a 30 half angle shall be available to replace the
open-ended driving shoe for use in gravel common ground, or if Instructed;
3. Carry out SPT below the level of the casing. The base of the drillhole shall be
fully cleaned before the test starts. Jar samples shall be taken from the split-
barrel shoe after each test;
4.
a. The results shall be reported on daily site records and both preliminary and
final drillhole records as the number of blows for the first 150 mm
penetration (seating drive), in 75 mm increments, and subsequently the
number of blows for each 75 mm penetration for 300 mm;
b. The number of blows of the drive hammer required to achieve each 75 mm
of shoe penetration until a total penetration of 450 mm has been achieved
shall be recorded. The 'N' value shall be recorded as the sum of the number
of blows of the driving hammer required to achieve the last 300 mm of shoe
penetration:
e.g. 14, 16
27, 29, 32, 36
N=124
c.

i. If the full penetration of the seating drive is not achieved after 50 blows
of the drive hammer, the number of blows and the penetration achieved
(in mm) shall be recorded and the test continued with the test drive from
that point:
e.g.
Seating Test drive Summary Remarks
Drive
27, 35,27,32,31 N = 125 Test drive
23/35 mm commenced after
completion of 50
blows in the seating
drive.
50/20 mm 38, 138/125 mm Test drive
100/50 mm commenced after
completion of 50
drive; test terminated
in increment 3.
50/20 mm 100/40 mm 100/40 mm Test drive
commenced after
completion of 50
drive; test terminated
in increment 2.
ii. During the test drive, if any of the first three increments of 75 mm
penetration is not achieved after 100 blows of the drive hammer, or
where total number of blows excluding the seating drive, reaching 200,
the number of blows and the penetration achieved (in mm) shall be
recorded and the test shall be terminated:
e.g.
Seating Test drive Summary Remarks
Drive
17, 25 38, 138/125 mm Test terminated in
100/50 mm increment 4.
17, 25 25, 30, 155/200 mm Test terminated in
17, 25 65, 90, 200/180 mm Test terminated in
17, 25 35, 60, 60, 200/255 mm Test terminated in
17, 25 25, 30, 35, 200/295 mm Test terminated in
increment 6.
110/70
5. The water level in the hole at the time of test shall be recorded and reported.
When testing below the groundwater table particular care shall be taken to
maintain water level in the drillhole at or above the ambient groundwater level;
6. When Instructed, provide liner samples in conjunction with the Standard
Penetration Test as described in GIN.W480;
7. If liner samples have not been instructed, place the sample recovered from the
split spoon immediately in a plastic container of minimum diameter of 100 mm,
with a screw top. It shall then be arranged securely in the core box with the core,
in proper sequence.

GIN.T060.7 PACKER (WATER ABSORPTION) TEST

1. When Instructed, carry out single or double Packer Tests in vertical or inclined
drillholes in TNW and T2-101 size. Testing shall follow the method described
in Geoguide 2. The general arrangement of the tests shall be as shown in
Figure 31 of Geoguide 2;
2. At the commencement of the Contract, and at other times if Instructed, carry out
calibration of the equipment for friction head loss by connecting the pressure
gauges, flow meter and supply pipe headworks, three or four different lengths of
drill rod and the packer with its tailpipe to the water supply. Pump water
through the system and record flow rates for several values of back pressure.
Establish and submit to the CM a graphical relationship of flow against pressure
loss for the number of drill rods used and include it in the Final Fieldwork
Report if packer tests are carried out;
3. Carry out a single packer test by expanding a hydraulic or pneumatic packer in
the drillhole (not in the casing) to create a seal at the top of the test section. All
rods and couplings must be watertight and the threads of drilling rods supplying
the water to the test section shall be wrapped with thread sealing tape. The
length of test section required shall be Instructed. Fill the drillhole below the
packer with water and keep it full at the specified water pressure for 15 minutes
immediately before the test commences. The flow meter used shall be capable
of measuring flow quantities to the nearest 0.1 litre. Monitor the water levels in
the drillhole above the packer at regular intervals during the test, by means of a
suitable dipmeter, to check whether leakage is occurring around the packer;
4. The acceptance of water by the test section shall then be measured and recorded
at successive pressures as Instructed, the maximum of which will not exceed
75% of the effective overburden pressure at the mid-depth of the test section. A
calibrated pressure gauge capable of measuring the required pressure to the
following accuracies shall be used:
a. 0 - 100 kPa Maximum Value (accurate to 5 kPa);
b. 0 - 200 kPa Maximum Value (accurate to 10 kPa);
c. 0 - 500 kPa Maximum Value (accurate to 20 kPa); and
d. 0 - 1000 kPa Maximum Value (accurate to 20 kPa).
5. At each pressure, the flow of water into the drillhole shall be measured over
three periods, each of 5 minutes duration. If the first two readings do not differ
by more than 10%, the third reading is not required. A complete test shall
comprise measurement of the flow through the full cycle of pressures and any
calibration tests required by the CM;
6. Packer tests using single or double packers may also be required after the
drillhole has been completed. The double packer test shall be performed as for a
single packer test, except that the water pressure shall be applied to a specified
length of drillhole isolated between two packers;
7. Submit preliminary results on the record sheets to the approval of the CM with
the corresponding preliminary logs of the hole.
GIN.T070.7 VANE SHEAR TEST

1. When Instructed, carry out the vane shear tests as specified in BS 1377-9:1990
(Test 4.4) unless amended by this clause as necessary;
2. Vanes capable of measuring shear strengths up to approximately 75 kPa shall be
available. The area ratio of each vane blade shall be less than 12%. The torque
measuring instrument shall be calibrated by a method approved by the CM and a
copy of the most recent certified calibration chart shall be submitted with each
set of vane test results and be included in the Final Fieldwork Report;

3. The vane shall be advanced to the test depth and the torque applicator assembly
shall be carefully connected. After a pause of 5 minutes, the vane shall be
rotated at a constant rate of between 0.1 and 0.2 degrees/sec. Readings shall be
taken at intervals of each 5 rotation. The maximum torque required to rotate the
vane shall be recorded. The vane shall then be rotated rapidly through
12 revolutions without taking any readings. After a further pause of 5 minutes,
the test procedure shall then be repeated in order to obtain the remoulded
(disturbed) undrained shear strength;
4. Submit preliminary results in a format agreed by the CM with the corresponding
preliminary logs of the hole;
5. Submit final results of undrained shear strength, corrected using the torque head
calibration curve with the Final Fieldwork Report in a format agreed by the CM.
For tests on common ground, report the residual value of undrained shear
strength.
GIN.T080.7 FALLING OR RISING HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST

1. When Instructed, carry out falling or rising head permeability tests in a hole.
Flush the hole prior to carrying out the test. The installation shown in Figure 27
of Geoguide 2 shall be used unless otherwise Instructed. The graded filter
material and sand shall be to the approval of the CM and shall be placed in the
hole by tremie pipe. The groundwater level shall be allowed to equalise in the
completed installation for at lease one hour before test commences;
2. The method of flushing of the bottom of the hole for field permeability tests
shall be as follows:
a. Clean water shall be introduced to the cased hole through a 38 mm diameter
pipe fed from a storage tank. The feed pipe shall contain a perforated
section 480 mm in length consisting of 20 rings of holes at 25 mm centres,
each containing 4 holes of 6 mm diameter. The end of the perforated section
of pipe shall be capped. The complete perforated section shall be positioned
such that it is just below the existing ground water level in the hole;
b. The flushing water shall be withdrawn from the casing through a 38 mm
diameter pipe positioned with its open end between 150 mm and 200 mm
above the base of the borehole. The discharge shall be by means of a pump
of sufficient capacity to extract the flushing water from the base of the
borehole. Control of the flow of clean water and discharge water shall be by
means of valves positioned on the inflow pipe and the discharge pipe.
3. For a falling head permeability test, raise the water level in the piezometer by
adding clean water by a minimum of 3 m, or the maximum practical. Then
allow the water level to equalize with the groundwater level. Measure water
levels in the piezometer by means of a suitable dipmeter at the following elapsed
times in minutes from the start of the test:
0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120,
150, 180
Terminate the test at 180 minutes, or earlier if:
a. The water level has returned to its initial level; or
b. A head ratio (the ratio of water head at any time during the test to the initial
head at the commencement of test) of 0.3 is achieved; or
c. Instructed by the CM.
4. For a rising head permeability, lower the water level in the piezometer by
pumping by a minimum of 3 m, or the maximum practical. Then allow the
water level to equalize with the groundwater level. Measure water levels in the
piezometer following the same procedure as for a falling head permeability test;

5. Repeat both types of permeability test once to demonstrate that consistent results
have been obtained. If the results differ by more than 20% Then repeat the test
again;
6. Submit preliminary results of a falling or rising head permeability test on a
record sheet to the approval of the CM, together with the corresponding
preliminary logs of the hole.
GIN.T090.7 CONSTANT HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST

1. The procedure used for the constant head permeability test for flushing the hole,
setting up the installation and allowing the ambient groundwater level to equalise
shall be the same as for a falling or rising head permeability test;
2. Feed clean water into the piezometer at a constant rate until a constant water
level is established or until the water level is 0.3 m below the top of the
piezometer tube. Record the constant rate of inflow to maintain a constant head.
Use a flow meter capable of measuring flows down to 0.1 litre;
3. Record cumulative inflow readings, once the constant head has been achieved, in
the following sequence:
a. 4 readings at 15 second intervals;
b. 9 readings at 1 minute intervals;
c. 4 readings at 5 minute intervals;
d. Readings at 10-minute intervals until the inflow values do not differ by more
than10% in any 10 minute interval.
4. Submit preliminary results on the record sheet, to the approval of the CM, with
the corresponding preliminary logs of the hole.
GIN.T110.7 IN-SITU DENSITY TEST

1. Carry out in-situ density tests in trial pits and trial trenches in accordance with
Test Method 11.1 or 11.2 of Geospec 3;
2. Submit preliminary results using a HOKLAS approval worksheet along with the
preliminary logs of the trial pit or trial trench in which the test was performed;
3. The Final Field Work Report shall contain the results presented on a HOKLAS
endorsed report.
GIN.T120.7 DYNAMIC PROBE TEST

1. The equipment of dynamic probe test shall be generally as shown in Figure 36 of
Geoguide 2 and amplified below:
a. The mass of the hammer shall be 10.0 kg (0.1 kg). The ratio of the length
to the diameter of the hammer shall be between 1 and 2. The hammer shall
be provided with an axial hole with a diameter which is 2-3 mm larger than
the diameter of the guide rod;
b. The anvil shall be rigidly fixed to the extension rods. The mass of the anvil
shall be between 1.5 kg and 1.8 kg and the diameter between 60 mm and
70 mm. The combined mass of the anvil, guide rod and upper anvil shall not
exceed 5.0 kg;
c. The hammer shall fall freely and not be connected to any object which may
influence the acceleration or deceleration of the hammer. The hammer shall
be stationary in its upper position prior to release. The fall shall be 300 mm
(5 mm);
d. The diameter of the rods shall be between 11 mm and 13 mm and the length
1000 mm (10 mm). The rods shall be straight and shall be connected so as
to bear against each other over their full area by means of external couplers
of maximum diameter 20 mm;

e. The diameter of the point shall be 25 mm (0.2 mm). The cylindrical

portion of the point shall have a length of 25 mm (1 mm). The point shall
have a conical tip with an apex angle of 45 (2).
2. Carry out the dynamic probe test as follows:
a. The lower end of the probe shall be rested against the ground at the test
location, with the first extension rod and guide rod in a vertical position;
b. The hammer shall be raised to bear against the upper anvil, and shall be
allowed to fall freely. It shall not be connected to objects which may
influence its acceleration and deceleration, and shall be stationary when
released in the upper position. The fall shall be 300 mm 5 mm;
c. The hammer shall be used to drive the probe into the ground, with a rate of
driving between 20 and 60 blows per minute;
d. Additional extension rods shall be added as necessary. The rods shall be
rotated clockwise one full turn each time a rod is added to ensure that screw
joints are tight. The blow count for every 100 mm of penetration shall be
recorded, or at refusal the penetration distance for 50 blows of the hammer.
Interruptions exceeding 5 minutes shall be recorded;
e. If any obstruction to the probe is encountered which cannot be penetrated
over 100 mm by 100 blows of the driving hammer, then that probe shall be
considered to have reached refusal and the test shall be terminated.
3. Submit test results on a record sheet to the approval of the CM, which shall
contain the following details:
a. Blow count for every 100 mm penetration or at refusal the penetration
distance for 50 blows of the hammer;
b. Interruptions exceeding 5 minutes;
c. Dynamic probe record (Figure 37 of Geoguide 2);
d. Confirmation that the test was carried out in accordance with this
Specification.
4. If refusal is met at a depth of less than 3 m, then carry out a second test at a
distance of between 0.3 m and 0.6 m from the first test;
5. Seal all probe holes on completion with cement grout consisting of cement and
water in the proportions 0.4:1 by mass, for at least the top 600 mm;
6. For dynamic probing tests that are not related to trial pit or trial trench
excavations, submit preliminary results within 3 working days of the date of
completion of all dynamic probing testing Instructed.
GIN.T130.7 PUMPING TEST

1. When Instructed, carry out pumping tests in new or existing holes;
2. The tests consist of pumping water from a hole and observing the effect on the
water table by measuring water levels in the hole being pumped and in adjacent
piezometers and/or observation wells;
3. These tests shall be performed in accordance with the principles and methods
outlined in BS 5930:1981: Section 5, or in accordance with BS 6316:1992 if
Instructed to determine the hydraulic properties of the aquifer(s) and/or effect of
pumping on neighbouring area;
4. All equipment necessary to undertake the tests shall be provided including
temporary electricity supply, pumps, instruments, materials, labour and haulage;
5.
a. Unless otherwise specified, commence the pumping tests in the morning
about 8 am on an agreed day;

b. When Instructed, take water samples in accordance with GIN.W470 or

otherwise as directed by the CM for laboratory tests. Complete all
preparation works one day before the test;
c. The pump used for the test shall be capable of pumping 1.5 times the
maximum anticipated flow rate or flow-rate directed by the CM and shall
have a discharge line connected to an efficient existing drainage system so
that ponding and recharge into the ground does not occur;
d. Measure the pumping rate and pumped water quantities using an Approved
flowmeter and check them using an orifice, or similar weir.
6.
a. Prior to pump testing, clean and flush the hole, and measure the depth of the
hole accurately;
b. When directed by the CM and unless otherwise specified, place a temporary
perforated PVC lining and filter pack in the hole and withdraw the driving
casing carefully. Develop the hole by using Approved methods such as
jetting, surging and over pumping;
c. Install the pump and pump the hole in accordance with the following test
procedures unless otherwise Instructed:
i. A Step Drawdown Test shall be performed at the following pumping
rates:
Stage 1: 0.25 x flow rate specified;
Stage 6: Recovery.
Each stage shall have a minimum of 2 hours duration. Pumping shall be
carried out at a constant rate for each stage. The test shall be continuous,
commencing with the lowest pumping rate. Under no circumstances
shall the pumping rate be increased above the rate for the next stage.
Water level readings shall be taken in the hole and in the adjacent
piezometers and/or observation wells every 15 seconds up to 2 minutes;
every 30 seconds between 2 and 5 minutes; every 1 minute between 5
and 15 minutes; every 5 minutes between 15 and 120 minutes. After
Stage 5 the pump shall be turned off and water levels monitored for a
minimum of 2 hours, but in any event until the water level measured is
substantially the same as the standing water level measured at test
commencement;
ii. A Constant Rate Pumping Test shall be performed at the flow rate
specified for a continuous period of 48 hours. Water level readings shall
be taken in the hole and in the adjacent piezometers and/or observation
wells every 15 seconds up to 2 minutes; every 30 seconds between 2 and
5 minutes; every 1 minute between 5 and 15 minutes; every 5 minutes
between 5 and 120 minutes and subsequently at 30 minutes intervals.
Pumping rate shall remain constant and be adjusted as necessary by
reference to the flowmeter or orifice weir manometer. The test shall be
continuous. In the event of any breakdown the test shall be repeated,
with that portion of the test already performed at the Contractor's
expense. After 48 hours or such period as the CM determines the pump
shall be turned off and the water level monitored until the water level
measured is substantially the same as the standing water level at test
commencement.

7. Record, plot and calculate the pump test results on the standard sheets shown in
Appendix XI to this Worksection or to follow the proforma/graphs shown in
BS 6316:1992 if Instructed;
8. Submit a report on the testing to the CM in accordance with GIN.W040. The
report shall include a plan showing the general arrangement of the pumping test
(the locations of the holes where pumping tests have been performed and
piezometers and/or observation wells where water levels have been recorded, a
geological log for the hole; records of the pumping tests performed; a drawing
(A4 size) showing details of the hole lining; filter pack and pump level; the
pump details (which shall include the pump dimensions, construction and
characteristics), water level monitoring records of all relevant piezometers
and/or observation wells and the results of any water laboratory tests which may
have been undertaken.
GIN.T140.7 PRESSUREMETER TEST

1.
a. When Instructed, carry out Pressuremeter Test using a Menard
pressuremeter type GB or GC of NX size at locations shown on the
Drawings, as detailed in this Worksection or as directed by the CM;
b. The equipment shall have a pressure range and membrane strengths suitable
for testing the materials at the test location. For this purpose a pressure
range of up to 10,000 kPa shall be available for tests in Grades III to V
decomposed rock and up to 4,000 kPa for tests in Grade VI decomposed
rock or in other soils. Grades of decomposition shall be as defined in the
Geoguide 3.
2.
a. The probe shall comprise essentially a 74 mm diameter measuring cell
between two guard cells. The measuring cell shall be pressurised by water
and the guard cells by gas;
b. The control unit shall comprise essentially a cylindrical reservoir with a
graduated transparent tube called the volumeter which is connected to the
measuring cell of the probe;
c. The volumeter shall be capable of being pressurised, the pressures being
read on Bourdon type gauges of suitable sensitivity;
d. Coaxial tubing shall connect the probe to the control unit. The length of
tubing shall be the minimum necessary to allow the deepest test to be carried
out;
e. The equipment shall at all times be protected from direct sunlight. If type
GC equipment is used then a separate gauge shall be used to read guard cell
pressures.
3. The equipment shall be checked and calibrated when a new probe is used, a
probe has been refurbished, any water circuit has been subjected to a vacuum or
sudden pressure release or when 10 tests have been completed since the previous
calibrations and checks. The checks and calibrations shall include the following:
a. Integrity and de-aired state of the water circuits and water;
b. Volume calibration of the measuring cell;
c. Pressure calibration of the line and volumeter;
d. Initial volume of the probe;
e. Pressure calibration of the probe, line and volumeter.
4. Install the probe in a NX size investigation hole. Lower the probe into the hole
and apply the first pressure increment within 15 minutes of removal of the core
barrel from the test level;

5. Select pressure increments so that the limit pressure is achieved in 7 to 14

increments. Keep the pressure constant for the duration of each increment and
take volumeter readings at 15 sec., 30 sec., 1 min., 1.5 min. and 2 min. after the
application of the pressure. Take further readings if significant volume change
takes place after 2 minutes;
6. Carry out cycles of unloading and reloading as directed by the CM. Consult the
CM before any termination of the test;
7. Subject to Approval, the test shall be considered complete when the total volume
of water in the volumeter has been injected into the measuring cell or when the
pressure capacity of the apparatus is reached or when the limit pressure is
reached whichever is the least;
8. Present the results of Pressuremeter Tests in the form of a net volume versus net
pressure diagram with pressure indicated on the abscissa and volume on the
ordinate. Plot creep volume (volume at 120 sec. minus volume at 30 sec.) for
each increment;
9. Report all details of the test including the following:
a. Site;
b. Contract number and Works Order number where applicable;
c. Hole number;
d. Date of test;
e. Number of test;
f. Pressuremeter type and dimensions;
g. Probe number;
h. Name of technician;
i. Reduced level and co-ordinates of hole;
j. Depth below ground level and reduced level of centre of measuring cell;
k. Depth below ground level and reduced level of water/bentonite in the hole;
l. Height of centre of volumeter above ground level at the hole and reduced
level;
m. Depth below ground level and reduced level of bottom of the hole;
n. Details of all relevant calibrations;
o. Reason for terminating test;
p. Weather.
10. Report the results including the Limit Pressure, Pressuremeter Modulus, Secant
Shear Modulus (initial and for each cycle) and Secant Deformation Modulus
(initial and for each cycle) within 7 days of the test being carried out;
11. Carry out Pressuremeter testing using an Approved pressuremeter probe of
AX size having a pressure range up to 10,000 kPa at locations shown on the
Drawings or as directed by the CM. The procedure for carrying out the tests will
be as for the NX size or as directed by the CM and the control unit shall be
located at ground level with the probe installed in a hole formed with a hand-
held percussive drill of suitable diameter.
GIN.T150.7 POINT LOAD TEST ON ROCK CORE

1. Carry out Point Load Test in accordance with the 'Suggested Method for
Determining the Point Load Strength' International Journal of Rock Mechanics,
Mining Science and Geomechanics, 1985, Volume 22, No. 2, Pages 51-60;
2.
a. The point load testing machine shall be an Approved type;

b. Make available at least two spare sets of conical testing platens. Platens that
are dented or chipped shall be immediately replaced;
c. Tests shall be carried out under air-dry or saturated conditions and to axial or
diametrical orientation as directed by the CM.
3. If tests are ordered at regular intervals along the whole length of core obtained
from a hole, transport the testing equipment to the Site if required by the CM or
his Representatives so that the testing may be undertaken as cores are extracted
from the drillhole(s). Reporting shall be in a form to be agreed using a
correlation coefficient as agreed by the CM.
GIN.T180.7 GOODMAN JACK TEST

Goodman Jack Tests shall be carried out as directed by the CM to determine the rock
mass modulus. The tests shall be carried out according to ASTM D4971-02:2006.
The tests shall be carried out by an operator fully conversant with the equipment and
the method of test. Submit the results in a format to be approved by the CM within 7
days of the test being carried out.
GIN.T190.7 PLATE LOAD TEST

1. Carry out Plate Load Test at shallow pits or trenches or at other locations when
Instructed. The plate load test shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1377-
9:1990 (Test 4.1), except where noted hereunder;
2. The dimensions of the loading plate shall not be less than 300 mm, square or
circular as Instructed. The loading plate shall be sufficiently rigid to prevent any
distortion or bending at all stage of the loading test. The alignment and direction
of the applied load including the load cells and jack shall remain vertical and
concentric with the loading plate;
3. Apply the loading by a reaction system provided by means of kentledge system
to the approval of the CM. The kentledge shall be capable of providing a
reaction force equivalent to 3 times of the working pressure as Instructed by the
CM;
4. Measure displacement of the loading plate by four dial gauges located at
orthogonal positions. Use a reference beam to aid the measurement of the
displacement. The reference beam shall be supported by two rigid foundations
positioned outside the influence zones of the loaded area or kentledge reaction
area. The dial gauges shall be of sufficient travel to measure the displacement of
the plate and to an accuracy of 0.01 mm;
5. The maximum test load is 3W, where W is equal to allowable working pressure
times the area of loading plate;
6. Apply the test load in increments of 0.5W up to W, release and reapply the test
load in increments of 0.5W up to 2W, then release and reapply in increments of
0.5W up to 3W;
7. Maintain the test load at each increment until all movement of the plate has
ceased or when the movement is less than 0.05 mm in 10 minutes;
8. Maintain the maximum test load for at least 72 hours before removal;
9. Report all details of the test including:
a. Reduced level at the test location and co-ordinates;
b. Description of soil stratum where plate load test is conducted;
c. Details of all calibration and correlation charts;
d. Description of the method of reaction system used for the application of
required loads, including any drawings to assist the presentation of the set-
up;

e. Results and interpretation of the tests in determining the soil modules of the
underlying soil;
f. Temperature and weather at the time of plate loading test;
g. Date of test.
GIN.T200.7 ACOUSTIC BOREHOLE TELEVIEWER SURVEY

1. The output from the Acoustic Borehole Televiewer shall be such that the
following information is provided:
a. The location of discontinuities in the rock mass relative to ground level;
b. The width, dip, and dip direction of detected discontinuities.
2. For the calculation of discontinuity dips, use the measured drillhole diameter.
Provide the obtained information in graphical, tabulated, text, and digital format,
as appropriate;
3. Graphical output shall include:
a. A legible and orientated travel time log;
b. A legible and orientated amplitude log;
c. An orientated, digitised interpretation in the form of a diagrammatic internal
view of the drillhole wall, showing the locations and shapes of
discontinuities;
d. A dip/dip direction "tadpole" graphic; and
e. An indicator of the drillhole's deviation from vertical showing both amount
and direction of deviation.
4. Adjust the depth scale of the logs to ensure the depth of the discontinuities
represented on the log correlate to their corresponding depth in the rock cores or
as agreed by the CM;
5. State clearly in the logs that all directions are relative to magnetic north. The
declination of magnetic north from Hong Kong Metric Grid System north shall
be recorded within the header information for each log. Final copies of these
logs shall show the travel time and amplitude plots in colour. Logs shall have a
vertical scale of not less than 1/10 unless otherwise Instructed. Provide the
discontinuity data for each drillhole surveyed in tabular format and as a
contoured stereographic plot, in the form of a lower hemisphere projection on an
equal area stereonet;
6. Provide the following data in tabular format:
a. Depth relative to ground level to the first appearance of each discontinuity;
b. Depth relative to ground level to the last appearance of each discontinuity;
c. The drillhole diameter at the mid-depth of each discontinuity;
d. The calculated dip of each discontinuity feature to within one degree.
(Horizontal is 00 degrees, vertical is 90 degrees). Dip is to be reported as a
two-digit figure. The value of dip shall be corrected for the angle of the
drillhole;
e. The measured direction of dip relative to magnetic north. Direction is to be
reported as a three-digit figure. Any deviation of the direction from vertical
shall be taken into account when measuring dip direction;
f. The deviation of the drillhole from vertical at the mean depth of the
discontinuity reported to the nearest 0.1 degrees; and
g. The direction of deviation of the drillhole at the mean depth of the
discontinuity reported to at least the nearest 0.5 degrees relative to magnetic
north.

7. The declination of magnetic north from Hong Kong Metric Grid System north
shall be clearly stated in a footnote to the tabulated data;
8. Make an assessment of the distribution of material decomposition grades,
according to Geoguide 3, based on the Acoustic Borehole Televiewer data as far
as possible and include it in the Final Report. The assessment shall be carried
out by a qualified geologist/geophysicist with experience in the interpretation of
Acoustic Borehole Televiewer data;
9. A graphical differentiation shall be made between tight and open discontinuities
and shading shall be used between discontinuity walls to illustrate aperture
distances;
10. The tabulated data specified above shall also be supplied in digital form as a
comma separated value text file. The file name shall be agreed with the CM.
The file shall also contain a header line giving the Contract No., the Works
Order number where applicable, the project title, the drillhole identification
number, and the date of surveying. Each item in the header line is to be
separated by a comma and shall not include commas;
11. Submit the results obtained under this clause in a format to be Approved within
7 days of the survey being carried out.
GIN.T210.7 CONE PENETRATION TEST

1. When Instructed, use an electrical cone capable of measuring the resistance,
sleeve friction and pore pressure simultaneously. The cone shall be advanced
hydraulically at a steady penetration rate of 20 mm/sec. Records at 20 mm
interval of slide friction, tip resistance, and pore water pressure shall be obtained.
Carry out the cone penetration test using equipment and methods in accordance
with the recommendations of CIRIA Ground Engineering Report: In-situ
Testing, Cone Penetration Testing, methods and interpretation by A.C. Meigh
(1987);
2. For each test, provide the following information to the approval of the CM:
a. Plot of cone point resistance, qc versus depth;
b. Plot of local sleeve friction fs versus depth;
c. Plot of pore pressure (u) versus depth;
d. Plot of friction ratio, Rf versus depth;
e. Plot of pore pressure ratio, (u/qc);
f. Plot of effective cone point resistance (qc u);
g. Plot of corrected total cone resistance qt = qc + (1 ) x u versus depth
where is the cone correction factor;
h. Plot net cone resistance qnet = qt total overburden pressure versus depth;
i. Plot normalised dissipated record versus time;
j. Soil profile adjacent to CPT plots;
k. Copies of all detailed test data including tapes/diskettes on which the data
may be stored. All results shall be presented in SI units.
3. All tests and calibration data shall be made available to the CM within 3 days of
the completion of the test;
4. The test could be terminated in cases when:
a. 80% of the cone tip capacity, i.e. tip resistance or local friction are exceeded;
or
b. The pore pressure reaches or exceeds the nominal capacity, i.e. 20 bars or
2000 kPa; or

c. The total thrust applied is less than the full reaction weight of the seabed
frame, i.e. reaching the limitation of the penetrometer/rod string capacity.
LABORATORY TESTS
GIN.T310.7 GENERAL
1. All laboratory testings shall be carried out by an Approved commercial testing
laboratory on the Development Bureau's List of Approved Suppliers of Material
and Specialist Contractors for Public Works in Soil and Rock Testing. The
testing work to be carried out comprises generally of testing of soil, rock and
groundwater samples. The testing may be of any of the following types:
a. Determination of Moisture Content;
b. Determination of Atterberg Limits;
c. Determination of Particle Density;
d. Determination of Particle Size Distribution;
e. Determination of Amount of Chemical Substances and Electro-chemical
Properties;
f. Determination of Dry Density/Moisture Content Relationship;
g. Determination of In-situ Bulk Density, In-situ Dry Density and Relative
Compaction;
h. Determination of the California Bearing Ratio;
i. Determination of Compressibility Characteristics of Soils;
j. Determination of Shear Strength of Soils using Triaxial Apparatus;
k. Determination of Shear Strength of Soils using Shear Box Apparatus;
l. Direct shear strength tests including tests carried out on rock joints;
m. Any other soil and rock tests as directed by the CM.
2. Carry out all laboratory tests for soils in accordance with the recommended
testing methods and procedures stated in 'Geospec 3: Model Specification for
Soil Testing', GEO, unless otherwise specified;
3. Provide HOKLAS endorsed test reports for those soil tests that carried out in
accordance with the recommended testing methods and procedures stated in
'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing', GEO;
4. For those soil and rock tests where HOKLAS endorsed test reports are not
available, submit the following to the CM for approval at least two months prior
to testing:
a. Copies of the full test procedures manuals (with equipment details, sample
preparation and testing procedures, and recording and reporting specific to
the laboratory) to be adopted for each test;
b. Copies of calibration certificates for major equipment and measuring
instruments to be used;
c. A sample of the work sheets and of the test report;
d. The name, qualifications and experience in testing of the person who will be
supervising the tests full time at the laboratory and certifying the reliability
and completeness of the test reports;

e. Such tests shall be carried out to the test methods and test conditions
specified by the CM, under a quality system up to HOKLAS standards. In
particular, approved Signatories of Test Certificates and Reports and Senior
Laboratory Technicians shall have qualifications and experience as specified
in Appendix XIII to this Worksection. Evidence of training provided to
personnel shall be available. Calibration shall have traceability to national
standards of measurement. The CM may require an audit to be carried out
on the testing laboratory at any time by Public Works Laboratories or by a
third party. No claims for extension of time or additional payment will be
considered by the CM for any action required by the laboratory to correct
non-compliance identified in the audit.
5. The CM or his Representatives shall have the right of access to the Contractor's
laboratory at all times when testing is being carried out in connection with this
Contract;
6. While laboratory testing is in progress, inform the CM or his Representatives
without delay of any unusual occurrences during any of the tests ordered, and of
any test that is running to excessive time.
GIN.T320.7 LABORATORY TESTING DEFINITIONS

For laboratory testing the following definitions will apply:
1. Laboratory Engineer - a graduate engineer with a minimum of 5 years
experience with at least 2 of which have been gained in soil testing in a
laboratory, or a Chartered Engineer with a minimum of 2 years experience in
soil testing and fully familiar with the soil testing procedures to be used in the
Contract;
2. Senior Technician - a person with at least 10 years experience gained in a soil
testing laboratory and fully familiar with all soil testing procedures to be used in
the Contract;
3. Technician - any of the Contractor's personnel capable and qualified to set up
and conduct tests in the laboratory;
4. Laboratory Assistant - any of the Contractor's personnel requiring direct
supervision from an engineer, senior technician or technician.
GIN.T340.7 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OF SAMPLES

1. A colour photographic record shall be taken for each triaxial test specimen,
splitting of undisturbed sample, uniaxial rock compression test specimen and
rock joint shear test specimen as described in GIN.W1240;
2. Immediately after testing, split soil cylindrical specimen longitudinally or
otherwise as directed by the CM or his Representatives;
3. Place a reference label, scale and a suitable colour comparator along with the
split specimen in the camera's field of view and a photograph taken at a scale
agreed with the CM.
GIN.T350.7 RETENTION OF SAMPLES

1. When laboratory tests are carried out on only part of a soil sample, the remainder
of the soil in the sampler or container shall be resealed with wax as soon as
possible and retained;
2. All soil on which laboratory tests have been carried out, including that wasted
during the preparation of test specimens, shall be retained in airtight containers
until the presentation of the Final Report;
3. On submission of the Final Report and with the CM's acceptance, samples and
specimens may be dumped. In no circumstances are samples and specimens
allowed to be dumped without the Approval.

GIN.T360.7 CLASSIFICATION AND CHEMICAL TESTS

1. For all classification and chemical tests, adopt the following tests:
a. Test procedures as specified in 'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil
Testing', GEO:
Test Method as specified
in 'Geospec 3: Model
Classification and Chemical Tests Specification for Soil
Testing', GEO
i. Determination of moisture content 5.1, 5.2 or 5.3
ii. Determination of Atterberg Limits 6.1 or 6.2
iii. Determination of particle density 7.1 or 7.2
iv. Determination of particle size 8.1, 8.2, 8.3,
distribution 8.4, 8.5, 8.6 or 8.7
v. Determination of organic matter content 9.1
vi. Determination of total sulphate content 9.3
of soils and sulphate content of
groundwater
vii. Determination of water-soluble chloride 9.4
content
viii. Determination of the pH value 9.5
b. Test procedures as specified in BS:
Classification and Chemical Tests BS
i. Determination of carbonate content of The method as stated in
soils BS 1377-3:1990, Test 6
ii. Determination of resistivity of soils The method as stated in
BS 1377-3:1990, Test 10.4
2. The particular test method to be employed will be given by the CM.
GIN.T365.7 TRIAXIAL TESTS ON SOIL SAMPLES

1. Carry out the test for determination of shear strength of soils using Triaxial
Apparatus (also known as Triaxial Tests) in accordance with Test Method 15.1
or 15.2 or 15.3 of 'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing', GEO. The
particular test method to be employed will be given by the CM;
2. Triaxial testing shall be either single stage or multistage as Instructed. The size
of the specimens to be tested shall generally be either 76 mm or 100 mm
nominal diameter;
3. Remoulded triaxial specimens not greater than 100 mm diameter may be
required. The specimen shall be prepared in accordance with Clause 13.2 of
'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing', GEO;
4. Triaxial specimens not greater than 100 mm diameter may be required from a
block sample. These shall be prepared by trimming using a soil lathe, in
accordance with the method described in Clause 13.3 of 'Geospec 3: Model
Specification for Soil Testing', GEO.
GIN.T367.7 TRIAXIAL TESTS ON LOOSELY COMPACTED FILL MATERIALS

Follow Test Method 15.2 of 'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing',
GEO (Geospec 3) with modifications on the following stages:
1. Sample preparation

a. Follow Clause 13.2 of Geospec 3 if the initial target density is dense enough
to enable a uniform triaxial specimen to be prepared. (Note 1 of Clause
13.2.2.9 of Geospec 3 recommends the use of static compaction);
b. Where static compaction is not applicable in preparing a very loose and
uniform specimen, slight tamping using a purposely-made apparatus shall be
used;
c. The initial target dry density and moisture content shall be specified by the
CM. When the initial moisture content (m.c.) is not specified, the use of a
m.c. value close to its optimum m.c. shall be acceptable;
d. The CM may specify a series of initial relative compaction for the triaxial
specimens instead of the initial target dry densities as mentioned in sub-
clause (c).
2. Saturation
a. Before applying back pressure, follow the following steps:
i. Disconnect the tubes at pore pressure and back pressure lines;
ii. Set the pressure of the CO2 coming out from the cylinder at about
20 kPa;
iii. With the pore pressure and back pressure valves closed, plug in the tube
with CO2 to the pore pressure line;
iv. Immediately open the pore pressure and back pressure valves at the
same time;
v. Check the CO2 pressure via the pore pressure transducer. Adjust the
CO2 cylinder pressure at around 20 kPa;
vi. Allow the CO2 to percolate through the soil specimen for about 5-10
minutes;
vii. Plug out the CO2 tube and plug in back the tubes for pore pressure and
back pressure. Take care to avoid trapping air bubbles in the tubes; and
viii. Continue with the procedures as set out in clause 15.2.6.2 of Geospec 3.
b. Use more stringent criterion for saturation. To enable correction for volume
change during saturation be estimated, a full saturation or nearly full
saturation of the specimen is required. The pore pressure coefficient B shall
be 0.97 and the back pressure 200 kPa before proceeding to the
consolidation;
c. Follow the recommendation of Geospec 3 if the change in volume during
saturation is significant. An estimate of the volume change is required.
3. Shearing
a. Terminate the test only at an axial strain of at least 20%.
4. Unload the specimen and dismantle the test
a. During unloading and dismantling, care must be exercised to minimize the
loss of moisture and soil grains from the specimen.
GIN.T380.7 ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION TEST

Carry out one-dimensional consolidation tests in accordance with Test Method 14.1
of 'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing', GEO.

GIN.T390.7 SPLITTING OF UNDISTURBED SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM TRIPLE

TUBE RETRACTABLE CORE BARRELS
1. For inspection purposes, tubes containing undisturbed samples obtained from
triple tube retractable core barrel may be required to be split longitudinally on
Site or in the laboratory for their full length by use of a rotary saw or other
suitable means. Saw runs will in general be two in number and diametrically
opposite. The tube material will be plastic;
2. Log the split undisturbed samples graphically with detailed description in
accordance with Geoguide 3. Include the logs and photographs of the split
undisturbed samples in both the Final Fieldworks Report and Laboratory Tests
Report.
GIN.T400.7 DIRECT SHEAR BOX TEST

Carry out the test for determination of shear strength of soils using Shear Box
Apparatus (also known as Direct Shear Box Tests) in accordance with Test Method
16.1 of 'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing', GEO. The particular test
method (Method A or Method B) to be employed will be given by the CM.
GIN.T410.7 SOIL COMPACTION TEST

Carry out the test for determination of dry density/moisture content relationship (also
known as Soil Compaction Tests) in accordance with Test Method 10.1, 10.2, 10.3,
10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7 or 10.8 of 'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing',
GEO. The particular method to be employed will be given by the CM. Separate
specimens shall be required for each moisture content/dry density determination.
GIN.T420.7 DETERMINATION OF THE CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO

Carry out the test for determination of California Bearing Ratio in accordance with
Test Method 12.1 of 'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing', GEO.
GIN.T430.7 ROWE CELL TESTING OF LARGE DIAMETER PISTON SAMPLES

1. Rowe Cell (also known as hydraulic cell) consolidation tests may be required on
soil samples with diameters ranging from 75 to 254 mm. Testing may be of
"free strain" or "equal strain" type and be carried out under one of the following
drainage conditions:
a. Vertical drainage to the top surface only, with measurement of pore pressure
at the centre of the base;
b. Vertical drainage to both top and bottom surfaces;
c. Radial drainage outwards to the periphery only, with measurement of pore
pressure at the center of the base;
d. Radial drainage inwards to a central drain with measurement of pore
pressure at one or more points off center.
2. Carry out Rowe cell consolidation tests in accordance with BS 1377-6:1990
(incorporating Amendment No. 1) with the following modification:
a. Carry out all tests in an area free from significant vibrations and other
mechanical disturbance. The temperature variation during any test shall not
exceed 8C, and the temperature at any time during a test shall be between
15C and 28C. The apparatus shall be sited away from the effects of local
sources of heat, direct sunlight and draught;
b. Carry out a pre-test assessment of the soil sample before the test. If
necessary, inform and request the CM to examine and assess the sample
condition and its suitability for test;

c. The permeability of the porous discs shall be at least one order of magnitude
greater than the estimated permeability of the soil specimen. Check the
permeability of the porous discs before they are first used and subsequently
at a frequency of at least once every year to ensure that they meet the above
criterion;
d. In addition to the calibration of the apparatus as described in Clauses 3.2.5
and 3.2.6 of BS 1377-6:1990, calibration of rim drain shall also be carried
out for tests under outward radial drainage condition;
e. At each stage of loading, plot the compression gauge readings against both
logarithm of time and square-root of time and maintain the pressure until
such time that the end of primary consolidation is reached. The end of
primary consolidation shall be determined using both the log time and the
square-root time plots, whichever gives a longer primary consolidation
period. When the end of primary consolidation can be identified on only the
log time or the square-root time plots, that shall be taken as the end of
primary consolidation;
f. Determination of the initial moisture content of the soil sample in clause
3.5.8.1.2 of BS 1377-6:1990 shall be in accordance with Test Method 5.1 or
5.3 of 'Geospec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing', GEO as Instructed.
Drying of the specimen as required in Clause 3.5.6.4 of BS 1377-6:1990
shall be at a temperature which is the same as that adopted in the test method
specified for the determination of initial moisture content of the soil
specimen;
g. Temperature correction described in Clause 3.5.8.5.5 of BS 1377-6:1990
shall not be carried out;
h. The coefficient of consolidation (cv) shall be calculated using both the log of
time plot and the square-root time plot, where possible;
i. Upon completion of the test, break up the specimen for inspection (if
necessary, soak the dried soil specimen in water until it is sufficiently soft
for breaking up into individual particles). If there are particles of size large
than one-fifth of the height of the consolidation ring, determine and record
the percentage by weight and the size distribution of these particles within
the specimen. Determine the percentage by weight and size distribution of
large particles using BS sieves or other equivalent standard sieves;
j. The reporting to test results shall include all information as required in
Clause 3.5.9 of BS 1377-6:1990 except that:
i. A basic description of the specimen shall be carried out;
ii. The initial void ratio and degree of saturation of the sample shall be
reported;
iii. Plot of percentage vertical compression and void ratio (which
correspond to the end of primary consolidation as defined in sub-clause
(2)(e) against the logarithm of applied pressure for the complete load-
unload cycle shall be provided;
iv. Plots of compression against time (both log time and square-root time),
for each load increment, shall be included;
v. The daily maximum and minimum temperatures recorded in the vicinity
of the test apparatus over the whole period of test shall be reported; and
vi. The percentage by mass and size distribution of particles larger than that
acceptable, if found within the test specimen, shall be reported.
k. For "free strain" tests under outward radial drainage condition, t0.465 plots
instead of square root time plots shall be used as referred in sub-clauses (2)(e)
and (2)(j)(iv).
3. Report the results on the forms shown in Appendix A of BS 1377-6:1990.
Alternative record sheets shall be to the approval of the CM.

GIN.T440.7 UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

1. When Instructed, determine the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) in
accordance with ASTM D7012-07 on intact rock core specimens;
2. At the discretion of the CM, determine also the elastic moduli of the intact rock
in accordance with ASTM D7012-07;
3. Report the test results on forms to the approval of the CM.
GIN.T450.7 ROCK JOINT SHEAR TEST

Carry out rock joint shear test in accordance with ASTM D5607-02:2006 and with
the following modifications:
1. Unless otherwise Instructed, carry out multi-stage testing;
2. Carry out the following in rock joint shear tests and report on the forms to the
approval of the CM:
a. Determine and record the dimensions of the top and bottom shear surfaces;
b. Estimate the actual area of contact between the top and bottom surfaces.
Calculate the areas of regular shapes. Determine the areas of irregular
shapes by tracing the shape onto a tracing paper and measuring the area with
a planimeter;
c. Record the roughness profile, before and after shear, with the aid of the
profilometer. Also make a description of the rock joint surfaces with regard
to colour, tightness and nature of infilling materials;
d. Take photographs of top and bottom joint surfaces, before and after shear, in
accordance with the requirements of GIN.T340;
e. Soak the specimen in water for 48 hours before testing unless otherwise
Instructed;
f. Record the horizontal displacements, vertical displacements, shear loads and
normal loads during the tests;
g. Make the following corrections in calculating the stresses:
i. Hydraulic ram springs - where hydraulic rams have been used, apply a
correction to gauge readings to take into account the resistance provided
by the ram return springs;
ii. Cross-sectional areas - take into account the reduction in cross-sectional
area during the shearing process;
iii. Take into account contributions to normal load such as self-weight of
loading system, weight of upper box and sample and cementing material.
3. The variations to the above procedures for testing tight joints shall be Approved.

GROUND INVESTIGATION, ...... GIN > APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I - AGS DIGITAL FORMAT FOR DATA

OF FIELDWORK
GIN.APPEND1.7 APPENDIX I - AGS DIGITAL FORMAT FOR DATA OF FIELDWORK
Refer to Project Specific Specification.

APPENDIX II - AGS DIGITAL FORMAT FOR DATA

OF LABORATORY TESTING
GIN.APPEND2.7 APPENDIX II - AGS DIGITAL FORMAT FOR DATA OF LABORATORY
TESTING

APPENDIX III - DAILY RECORD SHEET,

DRILLHOLE, TRIAL PIT, TRIAL TRENCH AND
SLOPE SURFACE STRIPPING REPORT FORMATS
GIN.APPEND3.7 DAILY RECORD SHEET, DRILLHOLE, TRIAL PIT, TRIAL TRENCH
AND SLOPE SURFACE STRIPPING REPORT FORMATS

APPENDIX IV - LOCKABLE SURFACE BOX FOR

PIEZOMETER & STANDPIPE INSTALLATION
GIN.APPEND4.7 APPENDIX IV - LOCKABLE SURFACE BOX FOR PIEZOMETER &
STANDPIPE INSTALLATION

APPENDIX V - DETAILS OF PIEZOMETER AND

STANDPIPE
GIN.APPEND5.7 APPENDIX V - DETAILS OF PIEZOMETER AND STANDPIPE

APPENDIX VII - STANDPIPE/PIEZOMETER

MONITORING
GIN.APPEND7.7 APPENDIX VII - STANDPIPE/PIEZOMETER MONITORING

APPENDIX X - N-SCHMIDT HAMMER TEST

GIN.APPEND10.7 APPENDIX X - N-SCHMIDT HAMMER TEST

APPENDIX XI - PUMPING TEST

GIN.APPEND11.7 APPENDIX XI - PUMPING TEST

APPENDIX XIII - REQUIREMENTS ON APPROVED

SIGNATORY OF TEST CERTIFICATES AND
REPORTS AND SENIOR LABORATORY
TECHNICIANS FOR SOIL AND ROCK TESTING
GIN.APPEND13.7 APPENDIX XIII - REQUIREMENTS ON APPROVED SIGNATORY OF
TEST CERTIFICATES AND REPORTS AND SENIOR LABORATORY
TECHNICIANS FOR SOIL AND ROCK TESTING

APPENDIX XVIII - DETAILS OF SETTLEMENT

MONITORING STATIONS
GIN.APPEND18.7 APPENDIX XVIII - DETAILS OF SETTLEMENT MONITORING
STATIONS

APPENDIX XXI - LOCATION OF HKHA'S CORES

STORES
GIN.APPEND21.7 APPENDIX XXI - LOCATION OF HKHA'S CORE STORES

APPENDIX XXII - DETAILS OF GROUND WATER

SAMPLING WELL
GIN.APPEND22.7 APPENDIX XXII - DETAILS OF GROUNDWATER SAMPLING WELL

Gin 14

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GROUND INVESTIGATION, GIN > TABLE OF CONTENTS

INSTRUMENTATION AND SOIL TESTING

GIN GROUND INVESTIGATION, INSTRUMENTATION AND SOIL TESTING

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /1

GIN.W420.7 OPEN DRIVE SAMPLING IN BOREHOLES AND DRILLHOLES ........... 23

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /2

GIN.W1230.7 MAGNETIC EXTENSOMETER ................................................................... 45

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /3

APPENDIX VII - STANDPIPE/PIEZOMETER MONITORING .................................................. 74

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /4

GIN GROUND INVESTIGATION,

GIN.M020.7 SUBMISSION OF DETAILS REGARDING GROUND INVESTIGATION

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /5

INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT

GIN.M120.7 STANDPIPE PIEZOMETERS

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /6

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /7

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /8

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /9

GIN.W040.7 SUBMISSION OF RECORDS AND REPORTS - GENERAL

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /10

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /11

GIN.W050.7 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

GIN.W060.7 LOCATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF GEOTECHNICAL

GIN.W070.7 INSTALLATION OF INSTRUMENTS

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /12

GIN.W080.7 ATTACHMENT OF TUBES AND CABLES TO INSTRUMENTS

GIN.W090.7 MAINTENANCE OF GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

GIN.W100.7 RECORDS OF GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

GIN.W110.7 MONITORING AND RECORDING INSTRUMENT READINGS -

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /13

GIN.W120.7 CALIBRATION OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

GIN.W130.7 DEPTHS OF EXPLORATION

GIN.W140.7 USE OF CASING

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /14

GIN.W150.7 REMOVAL OF CASING

GIN.W160.7 SITE LOG BOOK

GIN.W170.7 DISPLAY OF REMOVED MATERIAL

GIN.W180.7 MARKING HOLES

GIN.W190.7 ACCESS SCAFFOLDING

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /15

3. The inspection scaffolding referred to in sub-clause (1)(b) shall normally be a

GIN.W200.7 WORKING OVER WATER

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /16

GIN.W210.7 WATER LEVELS

GIN.W220.7 WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT

GIN.W320.7 EQUIPMENT USED FOR SAMPLING

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /17

2. Submit the specifications and examples of the equipment and containers

GIN.W330.7 SAMPLE NUMBERING

GIN.W340.7 LABELLING OF SAMPLES

GIN.W350.7 SMALL DISTURBED SAMPLES FROM DRILLHOLES

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /18

GIN.W360.7 SMALL DISTURBED SAMPLES FROM TRIAL PITS, TRIAL TRENCHES

GIN.W370.7 BLOCK SAMPLES

GIN.W380.7 LARGE DISTURBED SAMPLES FROM TRIAL PITS, TRIAL TRENCHES

GIN.W390.7 UNDISTURBED SAMPLES FROM TRIAL PITS OR TRIAL TRENCHES

GIN.W400.7 OPEN DRIVE UNDISTURBED SAMPLERS

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /19

a. Undisturbed samples shall be taken in an Approved 101 mm (1 mm) (for

GIN.W402.7 GROUNDWATER SAMPLES FROM LAND CONTAMINATION

Specification Library 2014 Edition GIN /20