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5/13/2017 PDF2:CreatingbookmarksinPDFdocuments|TechniquesforWCAG2.

TechniquesforWCAG2.0
Contents Intro Previous:TechniquePDF1 Next:TechniquePDF3

PDF2:CreatingbookmarksinPDF Onthispage:
documents ImportantInformation
aboutTechniques

Applicability

ImportantInformationaboutTechniques Description

Examples
SeeUnderstandingTechniquesforWCAGSuccessCriteriafor
Resources
importantinformationabouttheusageoftheseinformativetechniques
RelatedTechniques
andhowtheyrelatetothenormativeWCAG2.0successcriteria.The
Applicabilitysectionexplainsthescopeofthetechnique,andthe Tests

presenceoftechniquesforaspecifictechnologydoesnotimplythatthe
technologycanbeusedinallsituationstocreatecontentthatmeetsWCAG2.0.

Applicability

TaggedPDFdocuments

Thistechniquerelatesto:

SuccessCriterion2.4.5(MultipleWays)
HowtoMeet2.4.5(MultipleWays)
UnderstandingSuccessCriterion2.4.5(MultipleWays)

UserAgentandAssistiveTechnologySupportNotes

SeeUserAgentSupportNotesforPDF2.AlsoseePDFTechnologyNotes.

Description

Theintentofthistechniqueistomakeitpossibleforuserstolocatecontentusingbookmarks
(outlineentriesinanOutlinedictionary)inlongdocuments.

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Apersonwithcognitivedisabilitiesmaypreferahierarchicaloutlinethatprovidesanoverviewof
thedocumentratherthanreadingandtraversingthroughmanypages.Thisisalsoaconventional
meansofnavigatingadocumentthatbenefitsallusers.

Examples

Example1:ConvertingatableofcontentscreatedwithMicrosoftWord2007and
creatingbookmarksforAdobeReader9andAcrobat9Pro

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ThisexampleisshownwithMicrosoftWordandAdobeAcrobatPro.Thereareother
softwaretoolsthatperformsimilarfunctions.SeethelistofothersoftwaretoolsinPDF
AuthoringToolsthatProvideAccessibilitySupport.

1. CreateatableofcontentsatthebeginningoftheWorddocument.

2. UseSaveas...>AdobePDFtoconverttheWorddocumenttoPDF,specifyingbothof
thefollowing:
EnableAccessibilityandReflowwithTaggedAdobePDF
ConvertWordHeadingsintoBookmarks

Thetableofcontentsentriesintheconverteddocumentwillbelinkedtotheheadingsinthe
document.

Inaddition,theheadingswillappearasPDFBookmarksinthelefthandNavigationpane.

Ifthedocumentprovidesaglossaryand/orindex,thesesectionsshouldhaveheadingsthat
appearinthetableofcontents(andthusasbookmarksintheNavigationpane).Thetableof
contentsalsoshouldbemarkedupwithaheadingsoitisbookmarkedaswell.

Ifthismarkuphasnotbeendoneintheauthoringtool,AdobeAcrobatProcanbeusedto
providethetags.SeePDF9:Providingheadingsbymarkingcontentwithheadingtagsin
PDFdocumentsifyouneedtomodifyconvertedheadingsoraddnewones.

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ThisexampleisshowninoperationintheworkingexampleofcreatingbookmarkswithWord
2007.

Example2:ConvertingatableofcontentscreatedwithOpenOffice.orgWriter2.2
andcreatingbookmarksforAdobeReader9andAcrobat9Pro

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ThisexampleisshownwithOpenOffice.orgWriterandAdobeAcrobatProandReader.
Thereareothersoftwaretoolsthatperformsimilarfunctions.Seethelistofothersoftware
toolsinPDFAuthoringToolsthatProvideAccessibilitySupport.

1. CreateatableofcontentsatthebeginningoftheOpenOffice.orgWriterdocument:
Insert>IndexesandTables...>IndexesandTables>InsertIndex/Table
2. UseFile>ExportasPDF...toconvertthedocumenttoPDF,specifyingTaggedPDFin
theOptionsdialog.

Thetableofcontentsentriesintheconverteddocumentwillbelinkedtotheheadingsinthe
document,andwillappearasPDFBookmarksinthelefthandNavigationpane.The
OpenOffice.orgTableofContentsandBookmarkslookthesameastheyappearedinExample
1.

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Thisexampleisshowninoperationintheworkingexampleofcreatingbookmarkswith
OpenOfficeWriter.

Example3:AddingbookmarksusingAdobeAcrobat9Proafterconversion

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ThisexampleisshownwithAdobeAcrobatPro.Thereareothersoftwaretoolsthatperform
similarfunctions.SeethelistofothersoftwaretoolsinPDFAuthoringToolsthatProvide
AccessibilitySupport.

AfterconversiontotaggedPDF,youmaydecidetoaddbookmarksthatwerenot
automaticallygenerated.Liketheconvertedbookmarks,taggedbookmarksusethe
underlyingstructuralinformationinthedocument.

1. IntheBookmarkspanel,choosetheoptionsmenu,thenchooseNewBookmarksFrom
Structure...
2. FromtheStructureElementsdialog,selecttheelementsyouwantspecifiedastagged
bookmarks.

TheimagebelowshowstheBookmarksoptionsmenu.

Thenextimageshowstheselectionoflinksinthedocumentforbookmarking.

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Thetaggedbookmarksarenestedunderanew,untitledbookmark.Accessthecontextmenu
forthenewbookmarkandselecttheRenameoptiontorenamethenewbookmark,asshown
inthefollowingimage.

Thisexampleisshowninoperationintheworkingexampleofcreatingbookmarkswith
AcrobatPro.

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Example4:Creatingbookmarkswiththeoutlinehierarchy

Thefollowingcodefragmentillustratespartofanoutlinehierarchyusedtocreatebookmarks
Thisistypicallyaccomplishedbyanauthoringtool.

1210obj
<</Type/Outlines
/First220R
/Last290R
/Count6
>>
endobj
220obj
<</Title(ApplyingGuerrillaTacticstoUsabilityTestingbyPeoplewithDisabilities)
/Parent210R
/Next290R
/First250R
/Last280R
/Count4
/Dest[30R/XYZ07920]
>>
endobj
250obj
<</Title(Gettingstarted)
/Parent220R
/Next260R
/Dest[30R/XYZnull701null]
>>
endobj

Resources

Resourcesareforinformationpurposesonly,noendorsementimplied.

Section12.3.3(DocumentOutline)inPDF1.7(ISO320001)
PDFandAccessibility

RelatedTechniques

G64:ProvidingaTableofContents

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Tests

Procedure

1. CheckthattheBookmarkspaneldisplaysbookmarks.
2. Checkthatthebookmarkslinktothecorrectsectionsinthedocument.

ExpectedResults

Check#1andCheck#2aretrue.

Ifthisisasufficienttechniqueforasuccesscriterion,failingthistestproceduredoesnotnecessarily
meanthatthesuccesscriterionhasnotbeensatisfiedinsomeotherway,onlythatthistechniquehas
notbeensuccessfullyimplementedandcannotbeusedtoclaimconformance.

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