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TechniquesforWCAG2.0
Contents Intro Previous:TechniquePDF1 Next:TechniquePDF3
PDF2:CreatingbookmarksinPDF Onthispage:
documents ImportantInformation
aboutTechniques
Applicability
ImportantInformationaboutTechniques Description
Examples
SeeUnderstandingTechniquesforWCAGSuccessCriteriafor
Resources
importantinformationabouttheusageoftheseinformativetechniques
RelatedTechniques
andhowtheyrelatetothenormativeWCAG2.0successcriteria.The
Applicabilitysectionexplainsthescopeofthetechnique,andthe Tests
presenceoftechniquesforaspecifictechnologydoesnotimplythatthe
technologycanbeusedinallsituationstocreatecontentthatmeetsWCAG2.0.
Applicability
TaggedPDFdocuments
Thistechniquerelatesto:
SuccessCriterion2.4.5(MultipleWays)
HowtoMeet2.4.5(MultipleWays)
UnderstandingSuccessCriterion2.4.5(MultipleWays)
UserAgentandAssistiveTechnologySupportNotes
SeeUserAgentSupportNotesforPDF2.AlsoseePDFTechnologyNotes.
Description
Theintentofthistechniqueistomakeitpossibleforuserstolocatecontentusingbookmarks
(outlineentriesinanOutlinedictionary)inlongdocuments.
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Apersonwithcognitivedisabilitiesmaypreferahierarchicaloutlinethatprovidesanoverviewof
thedocumentratherthanreadingandtraversingthroughmanypages.Thisisalsoaconventional
meansofnavigatingadocumentthatbenefitsallusers.
Examples
Example1:ConvertingatableofcontentscreatedwithMicrosoftWord2007and
creatingbookmarksforAdobeReader9andAcrobat9Pro
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ThisexampleisshownwithMicrosoftWordandAdobeAcrobatPro.Thereareother
softwaretoolsthatperformsimilarfunctions.SeethelistofothersoftwaretoolsinPDF
AuthoringToolsthatProvideAccessibilitySupport.
1. CreateatableofcontentsatthebeginningoftheWorddocument.
2. UseSaveas...>AdobePDFtoconverttheWorddocumenttoPDF,specifyingbothof
thefollowing:
EnableAccessibilityandReflowwithTaggedAdobePDF
ConvertWordHeadingsintoBookmarks
Thetableofcontentsentriesintheconverteddocumentwillbelinkedtotheheadingsinthe
document.
Inaddition,theheadingswillappearasPDFBookmarksinthelefthandNavigationpane.
Ifthedocumentprovidesaglossaryand/orindex,thesesectionsshouldhaveheadingsthat
appearinthetableofcontents(andthusasbookmarksintheNavigationpane).Thetableof
contentsalsoshouldbemarkedupwithaheadingsoitisbookmarkedaswell.
Ifthismarkuphasnotbeendoneintheauthoringtool,AdobeAcrobatProcanbeusedto
providethetags.SeePDF9:Providingheadingsbymarkingcontentwithheadingtagsin
PDFdocumentsifyouneedtomodifyconvertedheadingsoraddnewones.
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ThisexampleisshowninoperationintheworkingexampleofcreatingbookmarkswithWord
2007.
Example2:ConvertingatableofcontentscreatedwithOpenOffice.orgWriter2.2
andcreatingbookmarksforAdobeReader9andAcrobat9Pro
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ThisexampleisshownwithOpenOffice.orgWriterandAdobeAcrobatProandReader.
Thereareothersoftwaretoolsthatperformsimilarfunctions.Seethelistofothersoftware
toolsinPDFAuthoringToolsthatProvideAccessibilitySupport.
1. CreateatableofcontentsatthebeginningoftheOpenOffice.orgWriterdocument:
Insert>IndexesandTables...>IndexesandTables>InsertIndex/Table
2. UseFile>ExportasPDF...toconvertthedocumenttoPDF,specifyingTaggedPDFin
theOptionsdialog.
Thetableofcontentsentriesintheconverteddocumentwillbelinkedtotheheadingsinthe
document,andwillappearasPDFBookmarksinthelefthandNavigationpane.The
OpenOffice.orgTableofContentsandBookmarkslookthesameastheyappearedinExample
1.
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Thisexampleisshowninoperationintheworkingexampleofcreatingbookmarkswith
OpenOfficeWriter.
Example3:AddingbookmarksusingAdobeAcrobat9Proafterconversion
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ThisexampleisshownwithAdobeAcrobatPro.Thereareothersoftwaretoolsthatperform
similarfunctions.SeethelistofothersoftwaretoolsinPDFAuthoringToolsthatProvide
AccessibilitySupport.
AfterconversiontotaggedPDF,youmaydecidetoaddbookmarksthatwerenot
automaticallygenerated.Liketheconvertedbookmarks,taggedbookmarksusethe
underlyingstructuralinformationinthedocument.
1. IntheBookmarkspanel,choosetheoptionsmenu,thenchooseNewBookmarksFrom
Structure...
2. FromtheStructureElementsdialog,selecttheelementsyouwantspecifiedastagged
bookmarks.
TheimagebelowshowstheBookmarksoptionsmenu.
Thenextimageshowstheselectionoflinksinthedocumentforbookmarking.
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Thetaggedbookmarksarenestedunderanew,untitledbookmark.Accessthecontextmenu
forthenewbookmarkandselecttheRenameoptiontorenamethenewbookmark,asshown
inthefollowingimage.
Thisexampleisshowninoperationintheworkingexampleofcreatingbookmarkswith
AcrobatPro.
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Example4:Creatingbookmarkswiththeoutlinehierarchy
Thefollowingcodefragmentillustratespartofanoutlinehierarchyusedtocreatebookmarks
Thisistypicallyaccomplishedbyanauthoringtool.
1210obj
<</Type/Outlines
/First220R
/Last290R
/Count6
>>
endobj
220obj
<</Title(ApplyingGuerrillaTacticstoUsabilityTestingbyPeoplewithDisabilities)
/Parent210R
/Next290R
/First250R
/Last280R
/Count4
/Dest[30R/XYZ07920]
>>
endobj
250obj
<</Title(Gettingstarted)
/Parent220R
/Next260R
/Dest[30R/XYZnull701null]
>>
endobj
Resources
Resourcesareforinformationpurposesonly,noendorsementimplied.
Section12.3.3(DocumentOutline)inPDF1.7(ISO320001)
PDFandAccessibility
RelatedTechniques
G64:ProvidingaTableofContents
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Tests
Procedure
1. CheckthattheBookmarkspaneldisplaysbookmarks.
2. Checkthatthebookmarkslinktothecorrectsectionsinthedocument.
ExpectedResults
Check#1andCheck#2aretrue.
Ifthisisasufficienttechniqueforasuccesscriterion,failingthistestproceduredoesnotnecessarily
meanthatthesuccesscriterionhasnotbeensatisfiedinsomeotherway,onlythatthistechniquehas
notbeensuccessfullyimplementedandcannotbeusedtoclaimconformance.
ThisWebpageispartofTechniquesandFailuresforWebContentAccessibilityGuidelines2.0(seethelatestversionof
thisdocument).TheentiredocumentisalsoavailableasasingleHTMLfile.SeetheTheWCAG2.0Documentsforan
explanationofhowthisdocumentfitsinwithotherWebContentAccessibilityGuidelines(WCAG)2.0documents.To
sendpubliccomments,pleasefollowtheInstructionsforCommentingonWCAG2.0Documents.
Copyright2016W3C(MIT,ERCIM,Keio,Beihang).W3Cliability,trademarkanddocumentuserulesapply.
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