7/29/2010

ENCI 426 Concrete Structures

Prestressed Concrete:
Statically Indeterminate Structures

Lectures #1 to 3
Alessandro Palermo
Senior Lecturer in Structural Engineering
University of Canterbury

Topic Summary

9 lectures
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete
structures
Structural design of a post-tensioned prestressed
concrete multi-span girder
Loadings, including thermal effects
Section design: Flexure and Shear
Statically Indeterminate Prestress Systems
Long term behaviour: creep and shrinkage
Structural design of a post-tensioned prestressed concrete
bridge

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Lecture Summary

Fundamental Concepts
Restraint Actions Due to Prestressing
Equivalent Loads from Prestress
Line of Thrust and Concordant Profile
Linear Transposition of Tendons
Methods of Solving SI Prestressed Beams

Fundamental Concepts

The member actions (moments, shears and axial forces) of

statically indeterminate (SI) structures cannot be determined
from the principles of static equilibrium
The actions in SI structures are affected by both
displacements e.g. settlement and imposed actions.
A statically indeterminate structure is not free to follow an
imposed deformation and acts to resist this deformation with
its own stiffness.
These actions are referred to as restraint actions or in some
case secondary actions.

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Fundamental Concepts

Restraint Actions Due to Prestressing

Resultant prestressing moment = primary

moment + secondary moment
Primary moment = Pe
Secondary moment = reaction restraint
moments

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Restraint Actions Due to Prestressing

Centre gravity
of concrete
cgc
e Centre gravity
cgs
A of steel
L L
NB: cgc = center of gravity of concrete
cgs = center of gravity of steel
If centre restraint is
removed, member is
F.e - F.e statically determinate
and has the
FeL2 corresponding BMD
F =
2 EI and deflection as
shown

Restraint Actions Due to Prestressing

For the beam to be

continuous it must
R/2 R R/2 rest on the supports,
therefore there is a
restraint force, R,
that pulls down on
the beam
+
RL
2
The forces resulting from
restraining the beam cause
secondary prestressing
moments

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Restraint Actions Due to Prestressing

By moment area theorem we have the following two

equations for mid-span deflection
FeL2 RL3
F = R =
2 EI 6 EI
due to prestress due to restraint

These must equal each other, therefore we have:

FeL2 RL3 3Fe

R = F = R =
2 EI 6 EI L

Restraint Actions Due to Prestressing

Resulting bending moment diagram

Note: since the secondary or restraint reactions are

always induced at the supports, the secondary moment
diagram is always a straight line between supports.

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Equivalent Loads from Prestress

Parabolic profile

8 Fh
w= 2
L

Equivalent Loads from Prestress

Sharp angles

W = F

End anchorages

W = F

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Line of Thrust and Concordant Profile

The line of thrust (or C-Line) is the effective

eccentricity for statically indeterminate beams
It combines the effects of the primary and
secondary moments.
If the prestressing secondary moment
M
at the central support is MA, the Fe + M A = F e + A
resulting prestressing moment is: F

M
e + A is the effective eccentricity or the line of thrust
F

Line of Thrust and Concordant Profile

Tendon profile is concordant if the tendon profile is aligned such that the
secondary moments are zero along the length of the beam.

When this is the case, the actual line of thrust coincides with the tendon
profile.

Concordant tendon profile means the beam has no tendency to lift off the
supports when prestressed.

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Line of Thrust and Concordant Profile

A tendon profile following the BMD due to external

loading will produce no deflections at the supports.

Hence, reactions induced at the supports will be zero

Therefore the prestressing moments must be zero

So by definition the profile is concordant

A tendon profile that follows the

bending moment diagram due to
external loads will be concordant

Linear Transposition of Tendons

If the tendon profile is displaced vertically at any of the internal
supports (or fixed external supports) by any amount, without altering
the intrinsic shape of the tendon between the supports, the line of
thrust is unchanged.

Linear transposition causes both the primary and secondary

bending moments to change but not the resulting bending moments

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Methods of Solving SI Prestressed Beams

Flexibility method
Remove restraint and solve statically determinate
beam, e.g. remove central support
Apply the displacement compatibility of the
removed restraint, e.g. mid-span deflection = 0
Stiffness method
Moment redistribution method
Consider fixed end moments and moments due to
internal equivalent point loads (from tendon)
separately