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Sodium bicarbonate is used as an antacid, urinary alkalinizer, and to treat metabolic acidosis. It works by neutralizing gastric acid and acting as a systemic alkalinizer. Common side effects include belching, flatulence, and metabolic alkalosis. Nurses should monitor for signs of alkalosis and changes in acid-base status when sodium bicarbonate is used to treat metabolic acidosis. Long-term oral use with calcium can cause milk-alkali syndrome. Sodium bicarbonate should not be used as a regular antacid due to risk of systemic effects.
Sodium bicarbonate is used as an antacid, urinary alkalinizer, and to treat metabolic acidosis. It works by neutralizing gastric acid and acting as a systemic alkalinizer. Common side effects include belching, flatulence, and metabolic alkalosis. Nurses should monitor for signs of alkalosis and changes in acid-base status when sodium bicarbonate is used to treat metabolic acidosis. Long-term oral use with calcium can cause milk-alkali syndrome. Sodium bicarbonate should not be used as a regular antacid due to risk of systemic effects.
Sodium bicarbonate is used as an antacid, urinary alkalinizer, and to treat metabolic acidosis. It works by neutralizing gastric acid and acting as a systemic alkalinizer. Common side effects include belching, flatulence, and metabolic alkalosis. Nurses should monitor for signs of alkalosis and changes in acid-base status when sodium bicarbonate is used to treat metabolic acidosis. Long-term oral use with calcium can cause milk-alkali syndrome. Sodium bicarbonate should not be used as a regular antacid due to risk of systemic effects.
Brand name: Sodium Bicarbonate Drug Classification: Gastrointestinal agent; antacid
DOSAGE, ROUTE, SIDE EFFECTS and
FREQUENCY (prescribed and INDICATION MECHANISM OF ADVERSE REACTIONS recommended) ACTION (by system) Antacid Systemic alkalinizer Short-acting, potent GI: Belching, gastric Adult: PO 0.32 g 14 to correct metabolic systemic antacid. distention, flatulence. times/d or 1/2 tsp of powder acidosis to minimize Rapidly neutralizes in glass of water uric acid gastric acid to form Metabolic: Metabolic Urinary Alkalinizer crystallization sodium chloride, alkalosis; electrolyte Adult: PO 4 g initially, then associated with carbon dioxide, and imbalance: sodium 12 g q4h uricosuric agents, to water overload (pulmonary Child: PO 84840 mg/kg/d in increase the edema), hypocalcemia divided doses solubility of (tetany), hypokalemia, Cardiac Arrest sulfonamides, and to milk-alkali syndrome, Adult: IV 1 mEq/kg of a 7.5% enhance renal dehydration. or 8.4% solution initially, excretion of then 0.5 mEq/kg q10min barbiturate and other: Rapid IV in depending on arterial blood salicylate neonates gas determinations give overdosage. (Hypernatremia, over 12 min reduction in CSF Child:IV 0.51 mEq/kg of a pressure, intracranial 4.2% solution q10min hemorrhage). depending on arterial blood Skin: Severe tissue gas determinations, give damage following over 12 min extravasation of IV Metabolic Acidosis solution. Adult:IV 25 mEq/kg by IV Urogenital: Renal infusion over 48 h calculi or crystals, Infant:IV 23 mEq/kg/d of a impaired kidney 4.2% solution over 48 h function NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES CONTRAINDICATION/S (at least 10) Prolonged therapy with sodium Be aware that long-term use of oral preparation with milk bicarbonate; patients losing or calcium can cause milk-alkali syndrome: Anorexia, chloride (as from vomiting, GI nausea, vomiting, headache, mental confusion, suction, diuresis); heart disease, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, soft tissue hypertension; renal calcification, renal and ureteral calculi, renal insufficiency; peptic ulcer; insufficiency, metabolic alkalosis. pregnancy (category C). Lab tests: Urinary alkalinization: Monitor urinary pH as a guide to dosage (pH testing with nitrazine paper may be done at intervals throughout the day and dosage adjustments made accordingly). Lab tests: Metabolic acidosis: Monitor patient closely by observations of clinical condition; measurements of acid- base status (blood pH, Po2, Pco2, Hco3-, and other electrolytes, are usually made several times daily during acute period). Observe for signs of alkalosis (over treatment) Observe for and report S&S of improvement or reversal of metabolic acidosis. Inform the client to not use sodium bicarbonate as antacid. A non-absorbable OTC alternative for repeated use is safer.
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