Repulsion Motor

CONSTRUCTION:
It consists of:
Stator
Rotor
Commutator
Carbon brushes
Stator:
Stator consists of non salient poles. It has windings that are of distributed type that are
housed in the slots of smooth cored stator.
The stator can generally consist of four, six or even eight poles.
Rotor:
Rotor of repulsion motor is very much similar to dc armature. It consist of either lap or wave
wound distributed winding. It is connected to commutator.
Commutator:
Commutator may be of two types:
An axial commutator (bars parallel to shaft)
Radial commutator(brushes are pressed horizontally)
Carbon brushes:
Carbon brushes are basically used to conduct current through the rotor winding. They are
fitted in brush holders that move against the commutator.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF REPULSION MOTOR:

Repulsion Motor Figure 1 Basic Principle

In order to understand the working of a repulsion motor consider figure 1, that is a simplified
version of stator and rotor just for better understanding. Figure 1 consists of stator winding
and rotor d-axis coincides with the brush axis. Here is the angle alpha () that will determine
the production of torque and hence the working of the repulsion motor.
Repulsion Motor Figure 2 Basic Principle
As shown in figure 2, the angle () is at 90, due to it the rotor m.m.f produced by rotor
current is along the brush axis. Voltage across brushes is zero. And hence no
electromagnetic torque is developed. Therefore, motor will not run when angle =90. Since
the stator m.m.f is unaffected by zero rotor m.m.f, this condition is similar to transformer on
open circuit. Thus this brush position can be called similar to open-circuit, no-load, high
impedance or neutral position.

Repulsion Motor Figure 3 Basic Principle

Now lets consider angle =0 as shown in figure 3, the stator and rotor magnetic axes
coincide, with the result that the mutual induction between the two windings is maximum.
The large rotor currents produce rotor m.m.f opposite to the stator m.m.f. Since two m.m.f
are along the same axis, no torque is developed. Further, this condition of =0, is similar to
transformer on short circuit.

Repulsion Motor Figure 4 Basic Principle

Actually, the brush axis is neither align to =90 nor along =0 , but occupies some
intermediate position as shown in figure 4. If the stator m.m.f. at any instant is directed from
A to B, then the rotor induced m.m.f. must have a component opposite to the stator m.m.f at
the same instant i.e. the rotor induced m.m.f must be directed from C to D as shown in
figure 4.

Repulsion Motor Figure 5 Basic Principle

The stator polarity at A is S1 and at the same instant, rotor induced polarity at C is S2.
Repulsion between like poles S1, S2 and N1, N2 results in the clockwise direction of rotation.
It is obvious that the direction of rotation can be reversed merely by shifting brush axis to
the other side of field winding axis.
Now consider figure 5, the brush axis is shown vertical for convenience and as before, the
stator winding axis is displaced from the vertical brush axis by an angle . If N s is the
effective number of stator turns then Is Ns is the stator m.m.f directed along its axis. For
convenience in analysis, the stator winding is replaced by two fictitious stator coils T and F in
space quadrature, such that the stator m.m.f Is Ns is unaltered in magnitude and direction.

Now electromagnetic torque is proportional to product of stator d-axis m.m.f and rotor q-axis
m.m.f
(Is Ns sin )(Is Ns cos )
0.5 Is 2 Ns2 sin 2
Te =K Is 2 Ns2 sin 2
The above equation shows that maximum torque Te.max is obtained when sin 2=1 or =45,
in case Is remains constant over the entire range of space angle .

Uses: Repulsion motor applications included:

High speed lifts

Fans and pumps

Printing presses

Textile machines
 Film winding machines (smooth manual speed and direction adjustment could be achieved without
complicated circuitry)
Compensated Repulsion Motor

It is a modified form of the straight repulsion motor discussed above. It has an additional stator winding, called
compensating winding whose purpose is (i) to improve power-factor and (ii) to pro- vide better speed
regulation. This winding is much smaller than the stator winding and is usually wound in the inner slots of each
main pole and is connected in series with the armature (Fig. 36.40) through an additional set of brushes placed
mid-way between the usual short-circuited brushes.