Secrets of Manual Handout 2per

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April 27, 2017
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American Institute of Steel Construction 1
April 27, 2017
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The American Institute of Steel Construction 2017

The information presented herein is based on recognized engineering principles and is for general
information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be applied to any
specific application without competent professional examination and verification by a licensed
professional engineer. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such
use.
Course Description
Secrets of the Manual
April 27, 2017
This presentation will highlight efficient ways to take advantage of the various design
aids in the AISC Steel Construction Manual (14th Edition). The speaker will walk through
the different sections of the Manual and highlight useful resources. The speaker will
then focus on shortcuts for connection design, including: stiffeners, web
yielding/crippling, welds, and more. Shortcuts for member design including composite
members will also be reviewed. Learning these shortcuts are a must for those designing
steel structures and checking designs.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Learning Objectives
Locate important design shortcuts in the Manual

Identify appropriate uses for eccentrically loaded bolt group
tables
Apply table shortcuts for beam bearing and column stiffener
checks
Design beams using composite beam tables in the Manual

Based on the 14th Edition Manual and AISC 360-10
Presented by
Carol Drucker, PE, SE
Drucker Zajdel Structural Engineers
Chicago, IL
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Manual Organization- General Parts
Part 1: Dimension and Properties d
Part 2: General Design Considerations
Secrets of the Manual 9
Manual Organization Main Member Design

Part 3: Flexural Members
Part 4: Compression Members
Part 5: Tension Members
Part 6: Members Subject to Combined Forces
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Manual Organization-Connections
Part 7: Design of Bolts
Part 8: Design of Welds
Part 9: Design of Elements
Part 10: Simple Shear Connections
Parts 11,12: Moment Connections
Part 13: Bracing and Truss Connections
Part 14: Base Plates, Anchor Rods, Column Splices
Part 15: Hanger Connections, Brackets
Manual Organization-Main Member/Connections

Part 16: Specification, Commentary, and Codes
AISC 360-10
Chapter A- N: Main Member, Stability, Connections, Fabrication, etc
Appendix 1- Appendix 8: Ponding, Fatigue, Fire, Existing, Stability,
Analysis, etc
Commentary for Chapter A-N
Commentary for Appendix 1-8
RCSC: Specification for Structural Joints Using

High-Strength Bolts
AISC: 303-10: Code of Standard Practice
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Manual Organization-Main Member/Connections

Part 17: Miscellaneous Data and Mathematical Information
Metric Shapes
Gage metal thickness
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Material Weights
Properties of Shapes
General Nomenclature
Index

Part 1: Structural Properties
A, d, tw, bf, tf, etc
=INDEX('Database v14.0.1'!$1:$1048576,MATCH("W12x96",'Database
v14.0.1'!$C:$C,0),MATCH("bf",'Database v14.0.1'!$2:$2,0))
Link to shapes database: www.aisc.org/publications/steel-construction-manual-resources/
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Part 1: Structural Properties
Angle Gage in Table 1-7A
Welded Flat Widths HSS
g
g1
g2

Part 2: General Design Considerations
Bearing Connections
Table 2-4: Preferred Material Specification- Shapes
Table 2-6: ASTM Fasteners (Bolts, Rods)
ASD to LRFD = 1.5

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April 27, 2017
17
18
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April 27, 2017

Part 3: Main Member
Table 3-2: Selection by Zx
Table 3-6: Maximum Total Uniform Load
Table 3-10: Available Moment vs Unbraced Length
Table 3-23: Beam Shear, Moment, and Deflection

Part 4, Part 5, Part 6: Main Member
Table 4-1: Compression of W-Sections
Table 4-8 to 4-10: Axial Compression

Double Angles
Table 4-12: Eccentrically Loaded Single

Angles
Table 4-22: kl/r Table
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Part 4, Part 5, Part 6: Main
Member
Table 4-8 to 4-10: Axial

Compression Double Angles
Manual Organization
Part 4-6: Main Member
Table 4-12: Eccentrically

Loaded Single Angles
The effects of eccentricity can be

neglected using an effective slenderness
ratio if (Spec E5):
Member are loaded at the ends in
compression through same on leg
Member attached by welding or by a
minimum of two bolts
No transfer loading
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Part 4, Part 5, Part 6: Main Member
Table 4-22: KL/r Table
Table 4-22 Use for Whitmore Check for Gussets

KL KL 12
=
r tgusset
Bo Dowswell (2012) Technical Note: Effective Length Factors for Gusset Plates in Chevron
Braced Frames in AISC Engineering Journal 3rd Quarter. Free download for AISC members!
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Part 7: Bolts
Table 7-1, 7-2, and 7-3: Bolt Shear and
Tension Values
Table 7-4: Bolt Dimensions

ex
Table 7-6: Coefficients C for Eccentrically
loaded bolt groups s
s
Table 7-15 and 7-16: Bolt Installing s
Tolerance s

Hex Head Bolt
(ASTM A325)
TC Bolt (ASTM
F1852)
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Bolt Installation-TC Bolts
Example:
gwyinc.com

BOLT TENSION
Mc
rt =
n 'b d m
CG (tension group) 2 rt
dm
NA
CG (compression group)
See Manual Fig. 7-7
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
See Manual Fig. 7-6 Case I
M = n ( rt ) d
n i i
See Manual Fig. 7-7 Expanded

(similar to DG4* and DG16*)
*free download for AISC members!
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Part 8: Welds
Figure 8-16: Susceptible and Improved

Details
Table 8-2: Prequalified Welds (AWS)
Table 8-3: Electrode Strength Coefficient, C1
(0.9)(80 ksi)
Table 8-4 to Table 8-11: Coefficients C for C =
Eccentrically Loaded Weld Groups 1 70 ksi

Part 8: Welds: Table 8-12
Cost of Welds
Fillet and Groove
Welds
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April 27, 2017

Part 9: Connections
Cope Beams: Single Coped and

Double Coped
Prying Action
Rotational Ductility
Filler and Shims
Table 9-4: Beam Bearing Prying

Part 9: Connections
Cope Beams: Single Coped and Double Coped
Prying Action
Existing
Rotational Ductility
Filler and Shims

End Plate
WT Connection Connection
Table 9-4: Beam Bearing
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April 27, 2017

Part 9: Shear Rupture at Welds
tmin to develop weld:
Shear Rupture = Fillet Weld Strength
(0.6)( Fexx )(2)(0.707)( w)
t min = w Manual Eq.(9 2)
(0.6)( Fu )
D
0.75(0.60)(70 ksi)(2)(0.707)( )
= 16
0.75(0.6)( Fu )
2(1.392)( D )
=
0.75(0.6)( Fu )
6.19 D
= Manual Eq.(9 3) (2-Sided Connections)
Fu

Part 10: Connections
Figure 10-3: Encroachment
Table 10-1 to Table 10-9: Connection Tables
Figures: Skewed Plate Welds
Fig. 10-3. Fillet encroachment (riding the fillet).
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Skewed Plate Welds
Skewed Plate Welds
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April 27, 2017
Skewed Plate Welds

PLs Over
3/16 Max Gap

for Fillet Weld
Support
Support
45
WO S(E)
BTC-P4
WA WA
Skewed Plate Welds

1-Sided Welds
S (E)
CJP
45
W
CJP PJP+REINFORCING FILLET

(AWS Annex A)
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Plate Welds
Alternate Bent Plate Detail Large
Skews
Typically 1/2 Max Plate Thickness
Design from Bend Line
Design of Skewed Connections by

Larry Kloiber and William A. Thornton,
EJ 3rd Quarter 2001
Plate Welds
Examples when rotational
ductility and a fillet weld size
of 5/8t is not always needed
Bracing Connections
Moment Connections
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Welded Angle Legs
5/8 5/8
5/16
43

Part 11-Part 12: Partially Retrained and Fully
Restrained Moment Connections
Extended End-Plate Moment Connections

Design assumptions 1-11
End-plate effective width = bf + 1 in.
CJP welds are treated as PJP welds between
beam flange-to-web fillets. No weld access holes
Also see DG4* and DG16*
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Part 13: Bracing
See DG29 and Design Examples
Link to design examples: www.aisc.org/publications/steel-construction-manual-resources/

Part 14: Beam Bearing Plates, Column Base Plates, Anchor Rods, and
Column Spices
Table 14-2: Recommended Maximum

Sizes for Anchor-Rod Holes in
Base Plates (also see DG1*)
Tables 14-3: Cases I-XII
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Part 15: Hanger Connections, Bracket Plates, and Crane Rail
Connections
Figure 15-2: Bracket Plates

Table 15-3: Znet plates
Table 15-4 to 15-6:

Clevis, Pins, and Turnbuckles

Part 15: Brackets Cont.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Part 15: Clevises and Pins
For design: Specification Section D5 and J7
Example: clevelandcityforge.com

Part 16: Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (360-10),
User Notes
Commentary
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Part 16: Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (360-10),

RCSC
Masking Requirements: Fig C-3.1
Section 4:PT and SC Joint

Applications
Section 6: Washer Requirements
Section 8: Bolt Installation Methods
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Part 16: Code of Standard Practice
Section 3.1.2: Delegate Design

Fabricator shall submit representative samples
of connections
Shop and Erection drawing review
Section 6.4 Fabrication Tolerance
Section 10: AESS Steel
Connection Details for Delegated Design

7/8" A325-N BOLTS, STD HOLES, U.N.O. GRADE 50 PLATE AISC 360-10, LRFD TYPE A2
Show all information to allow for
1-3/4"
checking 7-1/4"
MAX
3" 3" TYP
4-1/2"
(3x3) BOLTS
MIN
@ 3" O.C.
Member forces and sizes 7/16 W14x22

6-7/8"
7/16 V = 35 KIPS
MIN
(LOAD GIVEN
IN RFI 52R)
1-1/2"
TYP
Slopes 1-3/4"
TYP SHAPED PL5/8 w/
SSL HOLES
ASD or LRFD with Specification Edition

W27x84
Plate thickness, edge distances, etc A2-17

EXTENDED SHEAR PLATE CONNECTIONS AT
SLAB ELEVATION CHANGE, S11-02C
NOTES
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Efficient Use of Tables

Pu = 200 k
W14x90 COL
Bearing Example
Given:
AISC Specification 360-10
AISC 14th Edition, LRFD
W Shapes ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi
1 cap plate, Grade 50, Fy = 50 ksi e=24
7/8 dia. A325-N, STD holes, rv=24.3 kip
Load Pu = 200 kips
d e d/2
W36x135 BEAM

( = 1.00 )
W14x90 COL
Web Local Yielding
AISC Specification Eq. J10-3

Rn = Fywt w ( 2.5k + lb )
Determine lb
24
W36x135 BEAM
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
W14x90 COL
Length of bearing
lb = twc + 5t pl
= 0.440in. + 5 (1.00in.)
= 5.44in.
24
t pl
1 lb W36x135 BEAM
2.5

( = 1.00 )
W14x90 COL
Web Local Yielding

lb = 5.44in.
Rn = Fywt w ( 2.5k + lb )
= 1.00 ( 50 ksi )( 0.600in.) ( 2.5 (1.54in.) + ( 5.44in.) )
= 279 kips Pu = 200 kips o.k.
24
W36x135 BEAM
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April 27, 2017

Web Local Crippling ( = 0.75 )

lb = 5.44in.
1.5

2 lb t w EFywt f
Rn = 0.80tw 1 + 3
d t f tw

5.44in. 0.600in.
1.5
( 29000 ksi )( 50 ksi )( 0.790in.)
= 0.75(0.80) ( 0.600in.) 1 + 3
2

35.6in. 0.790in.
( 0.600in.)
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Web Local Yielding ( = 1.00 )
lb = 5.44in.
AISC 14th Edition Eq. 9-45a
Rn = R1 + lb ( R2 )
kips
= 116 kips + ( 5.44in.) 30.0
in.

lb = 5.44in.
Rn = 2 R3 + lb ( R4 )
kips
= 2 149 kips + ( 5.44in.) 8.32
in.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Column Stiffener Checks
Given:
W Shapes ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi
3/4x9 flange plates, grade 50, Fy = 50 ksi
Load Mu = 300 kips-ft
W14x90 COL
W24x55 BEAM

Flange Force
Mu
Pfl =
d
300 kips-ft
=
23.6in.
= 153kips
W14x90 COL
W24x55 BEAM
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Rn = Fywt w ( 5kdes + t pl )
= 1.00 ( 50 ksi )( 0.440in.) ( 5 (1.31in.) + ( 0.75in.) )
= 161 kips Pfl = 153kips o.k.
W14x90 COL
W24x55 BEAM

t pl t w EFywt f
1.5
2
Rn = 0.80t w 1 + 3

d t f tw
0.75in. 0.440in.
1.5
( 29000 ksi )( 50 ksi )( 0.710in.)
= 0.75(0.80) ( 0.440in.) 1 + 3
2

14in. 0.710in. ( 0.440in.)
= 192 kips Pu = 153kips o.k.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Web Compression Buckling ( = 0.9 )
24t w3 EFyw
Rn =
h
24 ( 0.440in.) ( 29000 ksi )( 50 ksi )
3
= (0.9)
14in. 2 (1.31in.)
= 194 kips Pfl = 153kips o.k.
W14x90 COL
W24x55 BEAM W24x55 BEAM

Flange Local Bending ( = 0.9 )
Rn = 6.25 Fyf t 2f
= 0.9 ( 6.25 )( 50 ksi )( 0.710 in.)
2
= 142 kips Pfl = 153 kips n.g.

Stiffeners are needed
See Blodgett 5.7-8
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Rn = Pwo + Pwi lb
kips
= 144 kips + 22.0 ( 0.75in.)
in.
= 161kips Pfl = 153kips o.k.

Rn = 2 R3 + lb ( R4 )
kips
= 2 88.8 kips + ( 0.75in.) 9.29
in.
= 192 kips Pu = 153kips o.k.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Web Compression Buckling ( = 0.9 )
Rn = Pwb
= 194 kips Pfl = 153 kips o.k.

Flange Local Bending ( = 0.9 )
Rn = Pfb
= 142 kips Pfl = 153 kips n.g.
Stiffeners are needed
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Polling Question
Understanding Tables
Determine End Reaction from UDL
w
Given:
AISC 14th Edition, LRFD l
W14x22 ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi
L= 20 ft V+
End Reaction = 50% UDL
M
+
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Shear Based on Flexural Yielding Strength ( = 0.9 )
AISC Specification Eq. F2-1
M n = Fy Z x
= 0.9 ( 50 ksi ) ( 33.2 in.3 )
= 1494 kip-in (1 ft/12 in.)
= 125 kip-ft
M n (8)
wl flexure =
l w( l ) 2
M max =
125 kip-ft ( 8 ) 8
=
(20 ft)
= 49.8 kips
Shear Based on Shear Strength ( = 1)
AISC Specification Eq. G2-1
Vn = (0.6)( Fy )( Aw )(Cv )
= 1( 0.6 )( 50 ksi )(13.7 in.)( 0.23 in.) (1)
= 94.5 kips w(l )
Vmax =
2
wlshear = Vn (2)
= 94.5 kips ( 2 )
= 189 kips
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Determine End Reaction Based on
Percent UDL
(%UDL) wlshear
Vu = min(( wl flexure ) , ) wl= 49.8
100% 2
(50%) 189 kips
= min(49.8 kip , )
100% 2
= min(24.9 kip, 94.5 kip)
= 24.9 kip
Vu Vu
UDL Cautions:
For 100% composite, Mn 297 kip-ft.
This gives:
M n (8)
Vu =
l (2)
297 kip-ft ( 8 )
=
20 ft (2)
= 59.4 kips 119% UDL
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
UDL Cautions:
For Point Loads
Vu _ max = (0.6)( Fy )( Aw )(Cv )

= 1( 0.6 )( 50 ksi )(13.7 in.)( 0.23 in.) (1)
= 94.5 kips 190% UDL
Working backwards: DOUBLE ANGLES
Given: Connection strength, Find: Vn _ connection
Minimum beam length, lmin
M n (8)(%UDL)
lmin_ flexure =
100%(Vn _ connection )

@ 3 O.C.
n BOLTS
Lweb
M n (8)
COLUMN
lmin_ shear =
Vn (2) BEAM
lmin = max(lmin_ flexure , lmin_ shear )

UNCOPED
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Working backwards:
Given: Connection strength, Vn _ connection = 71 kip
Find: Minimum beam length, lmin
M n (8)(%UDL) (125 kip-ft)(8)(50%)

lmin_ flexure = = = 7.04 ft
100%(Vn _ connection ) 100%(71 kip)

Vu= 142k/2=71k
M n (8) (125 kip-ft)(8)
lmin_ shear = = = 5.29 ft
Vn (2) (94.5 kip)(2)
lmin = max(lmin_ flexure , lmin_ shear ) = 7.04 ft
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method
Spandrel example
Given:
W Shapes ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi W14x48 BEAM
3/8 plates, grade 50, Fy = 50 ksi
Bolt spacing: 3 vertical, 3 horizontal
Load: Faade moment Mf = 100 kip-in
W24x55 BEAM

3 in.
6
I x = xi2 = 6 (1.5in.)
2
x1
i =1
= 13.5in 2 3 in. y1
6
I y = y = 4 ( 3in.)
2 2
i
i =1
= 36 in 2
W14x48 BEAM
I p = Ix + I y 3 in.
= 49.5in 2
W24x55 BEAM
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

M f max ( yi ) (100 kip-in.)(1.5in.) Ry
Rx = i =1..6
= Rx Rx
Ip 49.5in.2
= 3.03kip Ry
M f max ( xi ) (100 kip-in.)( 3.0in.) Ry

Ry = i =1..6
=
Ip 49.5in.2
= 6.06 kip
Ry W14x48 BEAM
( 3.03kip ) + ( 6.06 kip )

2 2
R= R +R =2
x
2
y
Ry
Rx Rx
= 6.78 kip
Ry
W24x55 BEAM

M max_1 = M f
(rnv )
= 100 kip-in
( 24.3kips )
R 6.78 kips
= 360 kips-in.
Use the Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method

with C'
C ' = 15.8 (From Table 7-7)
M max_ 2 = C '(rnv ) = (15.8in.)( 24.3kips )
= 384 kip-in.
Mf 100 kip-in.
= = 14.8 in. C ' = 15.8 in
R 6.78in.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
i max
10 l
0.55

C ' = li 1 e lmax , in. Manual Eq. (7-21)


Faade and Gravity
Moments Should Act
Opposite Mg
Mf Mf Vg Vg
FACADE GRAVITY
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April 27, 2017
Vg Vg
Mg Mg
Vg
Mf Mf Vg
+ =
e
e=e + Mf / Vg
FACADE GRAVITY TOTAL
NON EXTENDED SPANDREL CONNECTIONS
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Pick a clevis: 2 rod, Fy = 36 ksi, full strength
( d rod
2
) ( 2 in.)
2
Arod = =
4 4
= 3.14 in.2
Tmax = Arod Fy _ rod = 0.9 ( 3.14 in.2 ) ( 36 ksi )
= 102 kips
Select Clevis Number 6,
Design strength = 135 kips 102 kips
Secrets of Manual
Check Double-Angle Tolerance using Fig 10-3 W24x62
tw = 7/16
W
W8x28,
T= 6-1/8
2L3x3x3/8 kdet = 15/16
tf =7/16
15 7 1
Fig. 10-3. Fillet encroachment (riding the fillet).
k det t f = in. in.= in.
16 16 2
3
Encr. = in.
16
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
Secrets of Manual
Check Double-Angle Tolerance using Fig 10-3 W24x62
tw = 7/16
W
W8x28,
T= 6-1/8
1 3 1
Wmax = T + (2) Encr. = 6 in.+(2) in. = 6 in. 2L3x3x3/8 kdet = 15/16
8 16 2 tf =7/16
7 7
W = t w + (2) bangle = in. + (2) 3 in. = 6 in.
16 16
W Wmax o.k.

Determine Strength of Column at Grid B/1
A B C A B C A B C
3
2nd Floor, TOS=10-0 3rd Floor, TOS=25-0 Roof, TOS=40-0
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
1
Determine Strength of Column at Grid B/1
15-0
Given:
15-0
rx = 6.14 in.
ry = 3.70 in.
Lx = 30 ft, Ly = 15 ft
K =1.0
1
Determine Unbraced Length
15-0
Since unbraced length differs in the two axes, select

member based on y-y axis then check equivalent y-y axis
length for x-x axis.
KLx KLy
=
rx ry
15-0
KLx rx
=
KLy ry
KLx
KLy _ EQ =
rx

ry
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017
1
Determine Unbraced Length
15-0
rx 6.14 in.
= = 1.66 (See Table T4-1a)
ry 3.70 in.
KLx 30.0 ft
KLy _ EQ = = = 18.1 ft (Controls)
15-0
rx 1.66

ry
KLy = 15.0 ft

Determine Strength
Using KLy_EQ = 18.1 ft and interpolation:
Pn = 926 kips
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Check Using Specification
KLx 1(30.0 ft)(12 in./ft)

= = 58.6 (Controls)
rx 6.14 in.
KLy 1(15 ft)(12 in./ft)

= = 48.6
ry 3.7 in.
E 29,000 ksi
4.71 = 4.71 =113
Fy 50 ksi

Check Using Specification
2 E 2 (29,000 ksi)
Fe = = = 83.3 (E3-4)
( 58.6 )
2 2
kL

r
Fy
50 ksi

Fcr = 0.658 Fe Fy = 0.658 83.3 ksi 50 ksi=38.9 ksi (E3-2)

Fcr = (0.9)38.9 ksi = 35.0 ksi
Pn = 0.9 Fcr Ag = (35.0 ksi) (26.5 in.2 ) = 927 kips 926 kips o.k.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Determine Strength of Beam Between Grids A/2 to B/2
A B C
Given: 1

L= 30 ft
2
Braced points only at beam-to-girder connections
Equally spaced bays
Cb = 1.0, conservative

From Table 3-2
Lp = 4.31 ft
Lr = 12.3 ft
y y0 y1 y0
=
x x0 x1 x0
x x0
Solving for y : y = y0 + ( y1 y0 )
x1 x0
L Lp
M nx = M px + ( M rx M px )
Lr L p
10 ft 4.31 ft
= 249 kip-ft + (151 kip-ft 249 kip-ft ) = 179 kip-ft
12.3 ft 4.31 ft
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Check if Compact for Flexure

From Manual Table 3-2, Cb = 1 (See Table 3-1 for other Cb)
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April 27, 2017

From Specification:

Deflection
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April 27, 2017

From Specification:

From Specification:
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April 27, 2017

Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, Galambos

Manual Fig 3-1 (also see Commentary Figure C-F1.2)
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Determine Strength of Composite Beam (shown)
Given:
AISC Specification 360-10 & AISC 14th Edition, LRFD
W16x26 ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi, L = 30 ft
3 NLWT concrete (fc = 4 ksi) on 3 metal deck
dia. stud

Determine Effective Width of Concrete Slab (Specification I3.1a)
Each side of beam centerline, minimum of: beff
Lb ( 30 ft )(12 in/ft )
1) 1/8 of span = = = 45 in., controls
8 8
b 1 ( 30 ft )(12 in/ft )
2) 1/2 c.c. beam spacing = o = = 60 in.
2 2 ( 3 spaces )
3) distance to edge of slab = N/A
For this example, beff =(2 sides of beam centerline)(45 in) = 90 in.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Load Transfer Between Steel Beam and Concrete Slab (Specification I3.2d(1),
Positive Flexural Strength where concrete slab is in compression)
(a) Concrete crushing (concrete fully in compression)
V 'c = 0.85 f 'c Ac = 0.85(4 ksi)(3 in)(90 in.) = 918 kips
( Note : only concrete above deck considered.)
(b) Tensile yielding of steel section (steel fully in tension)
V 's = As Fy = (50 ksi)(7.68 in 2 ) = 384 kips < V 'c PNA in concrete
(c) Shear strength of steel studs
V 'q = Qn = min(V 'c , V 's ) for 100% composite

Stud Strength (Specification Eq. I8-1)
Qn = 0.5 Asa f 'c Ec Rg R p Asa Fu
Asa = area of stud, in 2
Ec = concrete modulus of elasticity = wc1.5 f 'c , ksi
Fu = specified minimum tensile strength of stud = 65 ksi
Qn = 0.5 ( 0.4418 in 2 ) (4 ksi) (145 pcf )

1.5
( 4 ksi
)
= 26.1 kips/stud
Rg R p Asa Fu = 1.0(0.6)(0.4418 in 2 )(65 ksi)

= 17.2 kips/stud, controls
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Use Table 3-21 for Stud Strength
Deck
Perpendicular
Weak Studs
per rib
(Rp = 0.60)

Determine Number of Studs
For 100% composite, studs required between points of maximum and zero
bending moment (half span of beam):
V 'q = min(V 'c , V 's )
# of studs =
384 kips
= = 22.3 46 studs for beam total length
Qn 17.2 kips/stud
However, for 46 studs, there will be (2) studs per rib. For (2) studs per rib,
Rg =0.85 Qn =14.6 kips/stud
bending moment (half span of beam):
V 'q = min(V 'c , V 's )
# of studs =
384 kips
= = 26.3 54 studs for beam total length
Qn 14.6 kips/stud
*See Design Example I.1 on page I-15 for more information
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Determine 100% Composite Strength
a=
Q n
=
384 kips
= 1.25 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 90 in.)
Y2 = Distance top of
1.25 in.
Y 2 = ( 3 in. conc. + 3 in. deck )
steel to beam to center
= 5.38 in. line of the concrete
2 flange force
- Sum moments about a/2:

d 384 kips 15.7 in.
b M n = As Fy Y 2 + bm = 0.9 5.38 in. + = 381 kip-ft
2 12 in./ft 2
a/2
Efficient Use of Tables a
Ycon Y2
1
For Use with Table 3-19 (see also Figure 3-3 in Manual) Y1
Y1 = distance from top of steel flange to any of the PNA locations listed 5
PNA locations:
TFL = Top of Flange (beam top flange), also 1
BFL = Bottom of Flange (beam top flange), also 5
2,3,4 = 4 equal spaces within flange
6=
Qn at BFL + Qn at 7
2
7 = 0.25Fy As
Y 2 = Ycon
a
a=
Q n
2 0.85 f 'c beff

and Ycon = top of steel to top of concrete
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Table 3-19
From above,
V 'c = 918 kips
V 's = 384 kips
Enter Table with PNA at TFL and

Q 384 kips
Q a= = = 1.25 in.
n
= 384 kips (100% composite)
n
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 90 in.)
1.25 in.
Y 2 = ( 3 in. conc. + 3 in. deck ) = 5.38 in.
2

Moment Capacity based on Table 3-19 (100% composite)
5.5 in. 5.38 in.

b M n = 384 kft ( 384 kft 370 kft ) = 381 kip-ft
5.5 in. 5 in.
Compare to
d 384 kips 15.7 in.
b M n = As Fy Y 2 + bm = 0.9 5.38 in. + = 381 kip-ft
2 12 in./ft 2
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Using Table 3-19 for 63% composite
For 63% composite, enter Table with
Q n _ 63% = ( 0.63)( 384 kips ) = 242 kips
a=
Q n _ 63%
=
242 kips
= 0.791 in. Y 2 = 6 in.
0.791 in.
= 5.60 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 90 in.) 2

Using Table 3-19 for 63% composite
For 63% composite, enter Table with
Q n _ 63% = ( 0.63)( 384 kips ) = 242 kips
Note : PNA at 4.
6 in. 5.6 in.

b M n _ 63% = 333 kft ( 333 kft 324 kft ) = 326 kip-ft
6 in. 5.5 in.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Determine Moment Capacity using 63% Composite
From AISC Commentary Section C-I3.2a and Equation C-I3-10,
For partial composite

Sum Fx = 0 action, there is a neutral
C+ Asc Fy = Py - Asc Fy axis in the concrete and
a neutral axis in the
Asc Fy = (Py C)/(2) steel.
Sum moments about

Cs/2
M n = C (d1 + d 2 ) + Py (d3 d 2 ) AISC Commentary Eq. C-I3-10

Determine Moment Capacity using 63% Composite (contd)
where:
C = Qn
Py = As Fy
d1 = distance from centroid of compression force, C , in concrete
to top of steel, in.
d 2 = distance from centroid of the compression force in steel section
to top of steel section, in. (d 2 = 0 for no compression in steel)
d3 = distance from Py to top of steel section, in.
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Py = 384 kips C63% = Qn _ 63% = 0.63(384 kips) = 242 kips
C63% 242 kips

a= = = 0.791 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85(4 ksi)(90 in.)
a 0.791 in. dbm 15.7 in.

d1 = tslab = 6 in. = 5.60 in. d3 = = = 7.85 in.
2 2 2 2
x 1 As Fy C63% 1 ( 384 kips 242 kips )

d2 = = = = 0.129 in.
2 2 2 b f Fy 2 ( 2 ) (5.50 in.)(50 ksi)

M n _ 63% = C63% (d1 + d 2 ) + Py (d3 d 2 )

= ( 242 kips )( 5.60 in. + 0.129 in.) + ( 384 kips )( 7.85 in. 0.129 in.)
= 4351 k-in.
0.9 ( 4351 kip-in )

M n _ 63% = = 326 kip-ft
12
Copyright 2017
April 27, 2017

Determine Number of Studs
For 63% composite,
0.63 ( 384 kips )
# of studs = = 14.1 30 studs for beam total length
17.2 kips/stud
Note : Portion of steel beam will be compression.
Summary
Be familiar with the information contained in the Manual
Use the Database when possible
Read descriptions of the tables
Include all design information on details to facilitate review and checking
Manual can facilitate efficient design.
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April 27, 2017
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AISC Live Webinar Secrets of the Manual

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Locate important design shortcuts in the Manual

Secrets of the Manual

Manual Organization- General Parts

Part 1: Dimension and Properties d

Part 2: General Design Considerations

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Manual Organization Main Member Design

Part 4: Compression Members

Part 5: Tension Members

Part 6: Members Subject to Combined Forces

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Secrets of the Manual 11

Manual Organization-Main Member/Connections

RCSC: Specification for Structural Joints Using

AISC: 303-10: Code of Standard Practice

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Manual Organization-Main Member/Connections

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Secrets of the Manual

Link to shapes database: www.aisc.org/publications/steel-construction-manual-resources/

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Secrets of the Manual

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Secrets of the Manual

Table 2-4: Preferred Material Specification- Shapes

Table 2-6: ASTM Fasteners (Bolts, Rods)

ASD to LRFD = 1.5

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Secrets of the Manual

Secrets of the Manual

Secrets of the Manual

Table 3-2: Selection by Zx

Table 3-6: Maximum Total Uniform Load

Table 3-10: Available Moment vs Unbraced Length

Table 3-23: Beam Shear, Moment, and Deflection

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Secrets of the Manual

Table 4-1: Compression of W-Sections

Table 4-8 to 4-10: Axial Compression

Table 4-12: Eccentrically Loaded Single

Table 4-22: kl/r Table

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Secrets of the Manual

Table 4-8 to 4-10: Axial

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Table 4-12: Eccentrically

The effects of eccentricity can be

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Secrets of the Manual

Part 4, Part 5, Part 6: Main Member