A nuclear power plant (NPP) is a thermal

power station in which the heat source is

one or more nuclear reactors. As in a
conventional thermal power station the
heat is used to generate steam which
drives a steam turbine connected to
a generator which produces electricity.
Nuclear power plants are base
load stations, which are best suited to
constant power output.
 History
Electricity was generated for the first time
ever by a nuclear reactor on December
20, 1951 at the Experimental Breeder Reactor
I experimental station near Arco, Idaho in
the United States. On June 27, 1954, the
world's first nuclear power plant to generate
electricity for a power grid started operations
at Obninsk, USSR. The world's first commercial
scale power station, Calder
Hall in England opened in October 17, 1956.
 The conversion to electrical energy takes place
indirectly, as in conventional thermal power plants:
The heat is produced by fission in a nuclear reactor
and given to a heat transfer fluid - usually water.
Directly or indirectly water vapor-steam is produced.
The pressurized steam is then usually fed to a multi-
stage steam turbine. After the steam turbine has
expanded and partially condensed the steam, the
remaining vapor is condensed in a condenser. The
condenser is a heat exchanger which is connected
to secondary side such as a river or a cooling tower.
The water then pumped back into the nuclear
reactor and the cycle begins again.
 a controlled nuclear
reactor is used to
make heat to
produce steam
needed to drive a
steam turbine
generator.
 Fission

Is the splitting of large

nuclei atoms such as
Uranium inside a nuclear
reactor to release energy
in the form of heat to be
use to produce steam to
drive steam turbine.

Fussion

Is the combining of small

nuclei atoms into larger
ones resulting in an
accompanying
release of energy
 First, uranium fuel is loaded up into the
reactora giant concrete dome that's
reinforced in case it explodes. In the
heart of the reactor (the core), atoms
split apart and release heat energy,
producing neutrons and splitting other
atoms in a chain reaction.
 Control rods made of materials such as
cadmium and boron can be raised or
lowered into the reactor to soak up
neutrons and slow down or speed up the
chain reaction.
 Water is pumped through the reactor to
collect the heat energy that the chain
reaction produces.
 The water from the reactor gives up its
energy to cooler water flowing in
another closed loop, turning it into
steam. Using two unconnected loops of
water and the heat exchanger helps to
keep water contaminated with
radioactivity safely contained in one
place and well away from most of the
equipment in the plant.
 The steam is piped to a turbine. As the
steam blows past the turbine's vanes,
they spin around at high speed.
 The spinning turbine is connected to
an electricity generator and makes that
spin too.
 The generator produces electricity that
flows out to the power gridand to our
homes, shops, offices, and factories.
 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)
Gas Cooled Reactor (GCR) and Advanced Gas Cooled
Reactor (AGR)
Light Water Cooled Graphite Moderated Reactor (LWGR)
Pressurized Heavy Water Moderated Reactor (PHWR)
 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
 Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)
 Most commercial
nuclear reactors
use ordinary water
to remove the
heat created by
the fission process.
Water serves to
slow down or
moderate the
neutrons in the
fission process.
 Gas Cooled Reactor (GCR) and
Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor (AGR)
 Light Water Cooled Graphite Moderated
Reactor (LWGR)
 Pressurized Heavy Water Moderated
Reactor (PHWR)
SCRAM

Stands for Safety Control Rod Axe Man.

It is an emergency shutdown of the reactor for any reason.
This is done by inserting the control rods into the reactor core wherein the power is slowed
down and
eventually stopped because the control rod materials absorb neutrons.
 A single nuclear reactor can produce a substantial
amount of power.
A nuclear reactor produces much more power per unit
weight of nuclear fuel than conventional energy sources
like coal and oil.
The production of nuclear power does not release carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere and hence does not
contribute to global warming.
The operating costs of a nuclear reactor are relatively low.
It decreases dependence on pollution-causing fossil fuels.
It results in a nation's reduced dependence on the costly
foreign fuel.
 The technology used for generating nuclear power can
also be used for producing nuclear weapons.
The waste products which are produced after generation
of nuclear power can last for thousands of years.
Accidents in nuclear reactors are much more devastating
than the conventional energy plants.
Nuclear reactors are particularly vulnerable to terrorist
attacks.
The construction cost of a nuclear reactor is high. It takes
a significantly long time to construct nuclear plants.
At present, the reserves of uranium, a critical nuclear fuel,
are limited in the world.
Nuclear plant workers may be exposed to high levels of
radiation, which can cause cancer and other ailments.
 At the moment there are more than 400
nuclear power plants (NPP) all over the
world, which produce about 17% of the
world's electricity. The share can range
from just few percent in some countries
up and to 75 % as in France. The Krko
Nuclear Power Plant produces almost
40% of the electrical energy in Slovenia.
 Nearly two months after Japan's nuclear crisis
began, the head of Tokyo Electric Power
(TEPCO) has finally stepped down and the
company posted a $15 billion loss for the
year. New details have also emerged,
showing three of the reactors at the
Fukushima plant likely suffered partial
meltdowns.
The disaster in Japan has major implications
for the U.S., the worlds largest producer of
nuclear energy, especially since the crippled
Fukushima plant shares the same design as
other plants in the U.S.
In the East, China is on the verge of
becoming a major player in the nuclear field
with about 27 plants currently under
construction. In all, there are 442 nuclear
power stations in the world and 16 countries
currently have 65 plants under construction.
Weve put together a list of the worlds largest
nuclear stations by output capacity. Our
rankings are based on the International
Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) data on
megawatts per hour (MWh) produced by
active nuclear reactors in 2010.
 Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos in July 1973
announced the decision to build a nuclear power
plant. This was in response to the 1973 oil crisis, as the
Middle East oil embargo had put a heavy strain on
the Philippine economy
Construction on the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
began in 1976.
In 1979, construction on the BNPP was stopped after
the Three Mile Island accident in the United States.
By 1984, when the BNPP was nearly complete, its cost
had reached $US2.3 billion. Equipped with
a Westinghouse light water reactor, it was designed
to produce 621 megawatts of electricity.
Thank You!