Cau 01: Phan tch y ngha cua viec nghien cu bo mon

TLH LQL? T o xac nh y ngha rut ra cua ban than

khi nghien cu bo mon nay?
* Khai niem: TLH LQL la mot chuyen nganh cua TLH XH,
la ng dung cua TLH noi chung, chuyen nghien cu
nhng hien tng TL dien ra trong qua trnh LQL.
Nhng hien tng TL dien ra trong hoat ong LQL bao gom:
-Nhng hien tng TL cua chu the LQL.
-Nhng hien tng TL cua khach the LQL (ca nhan, tap
the, cong ong)
-Nhng hien tng TL dien ra trong qua trnh tng tac gia
chu the va khach the LQL.
* Y ngha viec nghien cu bo mon TLH LQL:
Nham nh hng, ieu khien, ieu chnh toan bo qua
trnh hoat ong cua con ngi, trong o co hoat ong
LQL.
Tm hieu ac iem TL cua chu the LQL t o e nh ra
mo hnh nhan cach cho ngi LQL va tm ra con ng,
bien phap e hoan thien nhan cach cua ngi LQL.
Tm hieu nhng ac iem TL cua oi tng quan ly e
phat huy nhng tiem nang TL cua tap the, cong ong,
giup cho viec nang cao hieu qua cua hoat ong LQL.
Hieu c nhng kha canh TL dien ra trong hoat ong LQL
(qua trnh tng tac gia chu the-khach the), giup cho
viec nang cao hieu qua hoat ong LQL.
Nham ng dung nhng tri thc TLH vao viec nang cao
hieu qua hoat ong LQL.
Mat khac nham nghien cu bo sung ly luan ve TLH LQL
con ang trong qua trnh phat trien va hoan thien.
Y ngha cua ban than:
Ban than cong tac quan ly chnh nh mon TLH L ma am
hieu TL cua oi tng quan ly, t o ma bo tr, sap
xep cong viec phu hp hn, gop phan nang cao hieu
qua cong tac.
Chnh nh TLH ma co cach nhn ung an hn ve ban
than mnh, t o biet ieu chnh nhc iem, phat huy u
iem nham hoan thien dan.
Cung nh TLH L ma ban than hoc tap c nhng ac
iem TL, t o xay dng c moi oan ket gan bo
trong c quan.
Cau 02: Phan tch oi tng, nhiem vu cua TLH LQL. Qua
o neu len vai tro cua TLH LQL trong i song thc tien?
oi tng cua TLH LQL: gom co chu the LQL va khach
the LQL.?
Nhiem vu cua TLH LQL:
Nghien cu nhng ac iem TL cua ngi LQL, nham
he thong hoa nhng ac iem o e ra nhng yeu cau
chung cho viec ao tao va t ao tao nhng ngi se
lam LQL (Ch ra con ng, bien phap, ieu kien e hnh
thanh, phat trien nhng ac iem TL can thiet cua
ngi LQL).
Nghien cu cac bieu hien ac thu ve TL cua cac ca
nhan, cac tap the, tap oan ngi (oi tng LQL),
nham nam c tiem nang TL cua ca nhan, cong ong,
to chc, cach lam boc lo chung tien ti ng dung
nham tang them nang suat lao ong va hieu qua cong
viec.
Phan tch cac hien tng TL dien ra trong cac cong ong
XH quan trong (Cong ong giai cap, cong ong dan toc),
lam c s khoa hoc cho viec vach ra chien lc quan ly XH
cap v mo.
Ch ra kha canh TL cua nhng mat, nhng nhiem vu quan
ly cu the, e tang cng phoi hp hoat ong cua cac
ca nhan, cua tap the va kiem tra, ieu chnh, anh gia
ket qua hoat ong trong mot to chc, trong mot cong
ong.
Vai tro cua TLH LQL trong i song thc tien:
Cung cap cho L nhng kien thc e nam oi tng LQL,
nham giai thch c hanh vi, d oan c thai o, phan
ng cua ca nhan e co c s anh gia, sap xep CB (v
L la nghe thuat s dung ngi, co ngi thc hien
nhiem vu, va qua o ao tao, phat trien ngi).
Nam tri thc TL giup ngi LQL biet cach tac ong e
tap the, ca nhan hoat ong tch cc, t giac, hieu qua,
va phat trien nhng QH XH lanh manh, hu hao.
Giup ngi LQL co the hieu ban than (manh hay yeu)
va tm cach hoan thien mnh.
C s xay dng noi dung, phng thc ao tao boi dng
oi ngu CB LQL trong tng c quan, n v, he thong XH
khac nhau.
Tom lai, TLH LQL cung cap nhng tr thc ve TL con ngi
trong he thong LQL, giup ngi LQL tien hanh cong
viec co hieu qua, tranh c sai lam, nang cao hieu qua
quan ly kinh te-XH.

Cau 03: Trnh bay mot so phng phap nghien cu TLH

thng s dung nhat? Qua o neu v du minh hoa ve mot
phng phap nghien cu cu the?
+Khai niem TLH LQL:
TLH LQL la mot chuyen nganh cua TLH XH va la s ng
dung cua TLH noi chung chuyen nghien cu nhng hien
tng TL dien ra trong hoat ong LQL. (Bao gom nhng
hien tng TL cua chu the, khach the LQLva qua trnh
tng tac gia chu the va khach the).
+Mot so phng phap nghien cu TLH thng s dung:
-Phng phap quan sat: Ngi nghien cu s dung cac
giac quan (Chu yeu la th giac va thnh giac) e tiep
can cac oi tng, thong qua o thu nhan nhng thong
tin t oi tng, t o hieu c nhng ac iem TL cua
tng oi tng.
u iem: Sinh ong, ghi nhan c thong tin trc tiep tai
ni ang dien ra vi nhng moi QH cu the, khong phu
thuoc vao kha nang tra li cua ngi c quan sat.
Nhc iem: Thong tin ghi nhan mang tnh chu quan cua
ngi quan sat, mot so lnh vc khong quan sat c,
khong tac ong len oi tng e thu thap nhng thong
tin mong muon (nh trong phong van hay thc nghiem), ton
nhieu thi gian, o tin cay khong cao.
-Phng phap thc nghiem: ngi nghien cu chu ong
a oi tng vao hoat ong trong nhng tnh huong co
thc, e qua o oi tng boc lo ra nhng ac iem TL
cua mnh.
Phng phap nay bo sung cho phng phap quan sat, khac
phuc mot so nhc iem. Tuy nhien, phng phap nay
cung ton nhieu thi gian ch oi tng bieu hien nhng
ac iem TL.
-Phng phap ieu tra: co nhieu hnh thc:
Qua tro chuyen. Phong van. Qua phieu tham do XH hoc:
phieu m, Phieu kn. Qua trac nghiem.
-Ngoai ra con co cac phng phap nh: phng phap
nghien cu tieu s, phng phap nghien cu san pham,
phng phap mo hnh hoa, phng phap xac suat thong
ke.
+V du minh hoa ve mot phng phap cu the:
Muon anh gia nang lc ve chuyen mon cua nhan vien
trong c quan, ta giao cho ca nhan o thc hien mot nhiem
vu chuyen mon cu the nao o, qua o se anh gia
c nang lc va nhng ac iem TL khac. ay la
phng phap thc nghiem.

Cau 04: Neu mot so qua trnh TL c ban va anh hng

cua no en hoat ong LQL?
*Khai niem: hoat ong LQL la s tac ong co muc ch,
co to chc, co ke hoach t chu the LQL en oi tng
LQL nham hng suy ngh, tnh cam, t tng va hanh vi
cua moi ngi trong cong ong (cua oi tng quan ly)
vao viec thc hien mot muc tieu nhat nh nao o.
Noi cach khac, Hoat ong LQL la hoat ong cua chu
the quan ly len cac oi tng quan ly nham muc ch
bien oi trc tiep oi tng theo nhng muc tieu nhat
nh.
La mot dang hoat ong ac thu cua mot ca nhan, mot
nhom ngi ong vai tro ch huy ieu hanh cac hoat
ong khac cua XH.
*Cac qua trnh c ban:
1/ Nhan thc: la qua trnh gan vi muc ch nhat nh, la
s phan anh hien thc khach quan en ngi LQL can
nhan thc van e nhanh chong, x ly thong tin ung t
o ra quyet nh ung va phuc vu tot hoat ong LQL.
Neu nhan thc kem dan en ra quyet nh sai.
Qua trnh nhan thc:
Cam giac: la qua trnh TL n gian phan anh nhng dau
hieu rieng le ben ngoai s vat, hien tng.
Tri giac: phan anh nhng dau hieu rieng le, ben ngoai
cua s vat, hien tng mot cach tron ven vao trong nao
khi s vat, hien tng c trc tiep tac ong en giac
quan con ngi .
Tr nh: la s phan anh nhng tri giac a ghi nhan vao
nao.
T duy phan anh:
Tng tng: nhan thc hnh anh mi, bieu tng mi
tren c s nhng bieu tng a co trc.
2/ Xuc cam, tnh cam:
Tnh cam la nhng thai o the hien s rung cam cua con
ngi oi vi s vat, hien tng co lien quan dan en
anh hng en nhu cau, ong c cua ho. Khong lam chu
tnh cam dan en ra quyet nh thien lech, khong khach
quan. Xuc cam, tnh cam la thai o cua ca nhan oi
vi cac hien tng trong hien thc khach quan, co lien
quan mat thiet ti viec thoa man hoac khong thoa man
nhu cau cua ca nhan, la s bieu th thai o ac thu
cua ca nhan oi vi hien thc khach quan co lien quan
en nhu cau ca nhan.
3/ Y ch (hanh ong y ch) the hien nang lc thc hien
nhng hanh ong co muc ch oi hoi co s no lc,
khac phuc kho khan t o ngi LQL phai quyet oan,
dam chu trach nhiem oi vi cac quyet nh cua mnh
va anh hng en s thanh cong cua cong viec.

Cau 05: Phan tch nhng tnh chat hoat ong LQL. Qua o
rut ra y ngha t nhng ac iem nay?
* Khai niem: hoat ong LQL la s tac ong co muc ch,
co to chc, co ke hoach t chu the LQL en oi tng
LQL nham hng suy ngh, tnh cam, t tng va hanh vi
cua moi ngi trong cong ong (cua oi tng quan ly)
vao viec thc hien mot muc tieu nhat nh nao o.
Noi cach khac, Hoat ong LQL la hoat ong cua chu
the quan ly len cac oi tng quan ly nham muc ch
bien oi trc tiep oi tng theo nhng muc tieu nhat
nh.
* S o cau truc cua hoat ong LQL:
Hoat ong ong c

Hanh ong muc ch

Thao tac phng tien

* Tnh chat cua hoat ong LQL:
Mang tnh sang tao: hoat ong LQL c xem la mot trong
nhng hoat ong mang tnh sang tao, tc la tao ra cai
mi. Ngi ta thng v hoat ong LQL nh mot nghe
thuat.
Hoat ong LQL mang tnh khoa hoc v no tap hp nhng
hoat ong thao tac tuan theo th t chuan mc pho quat.
Hoat ong LQL mang tnh thc te v no luon luon giai
quyet nhng van e mi trong nhng ieu kien hoan
canh khac nhau. No khong co cong thc chung ma no
la s tac ong cu the, oc ao, sang tao theo tng tnh
huong s kien.
Tnh khong co nh ve khong gian, thi gian: hoat ong
LQL ma dien ra moi luc, moi ni.
Mang tnh tru tng: LQL la hoat ong tinh than, thao tac
t duy dien ra trong bo nao, ngi khac khong nhn thay
c trc tiep ma ch thay c sau khi thong qua ket
qua.
Ngi LQL ra quyet nh trong tnh trang thieu thong tin,
thieu thi gian, nhng phai kp thi thuyet phuc.
Ngi LQL khong trc tiep cam tay ch viec ma tac
ong t t duy trong nao ngi khac khong nhn thay t
duy, ma ch nhan c bang nhng bieu hien nh ket
qua nhng quyet nh.
Mang tnh gian tiep:
La tnh chat ac thu cua LQL, tac ong en oi tng
quan ly qua cong cu trung gian bang hoat ong thong qua
to chc, d luan, ch th, ngh quyet
* Y ngha thc tien:
Trong thc tien ngi LQL phai thng xuyen ra nhng
quyet nh bang mieng, bang van ban trong mot thi
gian gii han nhat nh, khong the c keo dai, nh the
mi am bao c cong viec kp luc, kp thi.
Thi gian ngan ma oi hoi ket qua chnh xac la ieu
rat kho. Do vay ngi LQL phai co mot nhan thc
ung an va nhay ben. Giai quyet van e phai ung
tren quan iem lap trng chu ngha Mac-Lenin, t tng
Ho Ch Minh, phai co kha nang tong hp va x ly thong
tin nhanh, chnh xac, van dung trong moi ieu kien bien oi
cua moi trng XH, het sc khach quan.
Vi nhng phc tap tren ve tnh chat hoat ong LQL
yeu cau ngi L phai luon luon t ren luyen mnh ca
hai mat pham chat ao c va nang lc.

Cau 06: Trnh bay cac nhan to anh hng en phong

cach L? Phan tch mot phong cach L ma ong ch cho la
hay nhat.
*Khai niem:
Phong cach LQL la toan bo s nh hng le loi, cach
thc tac ong ac thu cua mot nha LQL trong hoat
ong cua mnh tac ong vao cac oi tng quan ly
khac nhau.
*Cac nhan to anh hng:
+Nhan to ben trong: no anh hng trc tiep, quyet nh
phong cach.
-Chu quan cua ngi LQL:
Phu thuoc vao ong c, nh hng gia tr cua ngi
LQL.
Nang lc ngi LQL: trnh o, kinh nghiem thc tien.
V tr L.
ieu kien, hoan canh.
-oi tng cua s L (ca nhan, tap hp ngi):
Trnh o, tnh chat phat trien cua tap the: giai oan hnh
thanh, phan hoa cau truc, lien ket hp tac.
ac iem tam sinh ly, hoan canh cua oi tng: tuoi
tac, gii tnh, kinh nghiem
ac iem ve lao ong, thi gian, khong gian.
S tac ong lan nhau gia chu the va oi tng LQL.
+Nhan to ben ngoai: anh hng gian tiep:
Che o chnh tr-XH: chi phoi nhan cach ngi L nhat la
muc tieu, ly tng, cac nguyen tac, c che thong tr
trong XH.
Truyen thong van hoa, lch s, phong tuc.
Trnh o quan ly, dan tr XH.
* Mot so phong cach L ien hnh:
Co nhieu cach phan loai phong cach L
+Theo noi dung va tnh chat cua cac quyet nh:
Dan chu: da vao y kien so ong.
oc oan: da vao y kien ngi L, ban L.
T do: nha quan ly ra quyet nh e cap di thc hien
t do.
+ Can c vao hanh ong: phong cach L dan chu, oc
tai, tha noi, khach quan, chu quan.
+Theo phng phap L: phong cach L quan lieu, thc dung,
quan chung, khoa hoc, tuy tien.
+Can c vao s nh hng vao muc tieu quan ly: ket
qua cong viec va nhu cau con ngi.
V tnh: Theo nhu cau t quan tam cong viec.
Cong vu: Theo cong viec, t theo nhu cau.
Cam chng: t quan tam cong viec va nhu cau.
Thch ng: quan tam va phai en cong viec va nhu cau.
Toan dien: quan tam nhieu va giai quyet hai hoa gia
cac yeu cau cong viec va nhu cau con ngi.
*Phan tch phong cach L hay nhat: Phong cach toan dien.
Ngi LQL quan tam nhieu nhat en hieu qua cong viec
lan nhu cau li ch con ngi.
Ket hp hai hoa gia hieu qua kinh te vi nhan to con
ngi.
Khong co s mau thuan gia hieu qua cong viec vi
nhu cau li ch cua con ngi, ma ngc lai gia hai mat
nay co the va can phai at en trong s thong nhat:
hieu qua cong viec tang dan en moi ngi tham gia t
giac va tch cc. Hieu qua cong viec at cao dan en nhu
cau li ch con ngi cang c thoa man.
Yeu cau ngi LQL phai co ly tng song tch cc, tien
tien v s tien bo XH va li ch cong ong.
Cac quyet nh c a ra da tren cac thong tin ay
u, ang tin cay va da tren c s co s tham gia cua
nhng ngi co lien quan. Moi ngi co quyen va ngha
vu tham gia vao qua trnh hnh thanh quyet nh tren tinh
than t giac va cong ong trach nhiem.
Kieu L nay oi hoi co s phan cong quyen gan vi
phan cong trach nhiem t o nang cao tinh than trach
nhiem, tnh tch cc, phat trien gia tr nhan cach.

Cau 07: Phan tch nhng kha canh TL cua viec a ra

ng loi chu trng trong hoat ong LQL? Lien he thc
te a phng, n v.
+Khai niem hoat ong LQL:
Hoat ong LQL la s tac ong co muc ch, co to chc,
co ke hoach t chu the LQL en oi tng LQL nham
hng suy ngh, tnh cam, t tng va hanh vi cua moi
ngi trong cong ong vao viec thc hien mot muc tieu
nhat nh nao o.
+Nhng kha canh TL cua viec e ra ng loi chu trng
trong hoat ong LQL:
-Trong thu thap x ly thong tin:
Thu thap thong tin: la qua trnh nam bat nhng s kien,
hien tng co lien quan en qua trnh ra quyet nh (nh
nam ng loi, nam ac iem tam sinh ly, hoan canh
cua oi tng, thong tin ve nhng ieu kien co lien
quan).
Yeu cau: Qua trnh thu thap thong tin phai bao am ay
u, kp thi, chnh xac, khach quan, khoa hoc. oi hoi
ngi LQL phai co nang lc, gioi.
Kho khan trong thu thap thong tin: Ve khach quan: phai
co ieu kien, thi gian Ve Chu quan: do TL ban than chi
phoi dan ti co the thu thap thong tin sai lech (do hng
thu, nhu cau cua ban than), bo sot thong tin. T o oi
hoi ngi thu thap thong tin phai khach quan, cong minh,
khoa hoc.
e bao am thong tin ay u, kp thi, chnh xac: can
phai ket hp nhieu kenh chnh thc (ch th, van ban
cua cap tren, cap di), khong chnh thc (Qua trnh tm
hieu, d luan, bc rieng), phng tien truyen thong ai
chung.
X ly thong tin: sau khi thu thap tien hanh x ly thong
tin, phai phan tch, oi chieu, so sanh oi hoi ngi
LQL phai co nang lc t duy va tch cc t duy. Chu y
kiem tra nguon cung cap thong tin e bao am tnh chnh
xac.
-Ra quyet nh: la hanh ong c ban gi v tr trung tam,
la san pham cua ket qua LQL. ay la qua trnh thc
hien mot phng an, mot kha nang trong nhng phng
an, nhng kha nang (co the la menh lenh, ch th, ngh
quyet)
Cac nhan to anh hng en qua trnh ra quyet nh:
So lng, chat lng va cach x ly thong tin.
Chu quan cua ngi LQL: Cac qua trnh TL, trang thai TL,
cac ac iem TL (xu hng, nang lc, tnh cach, kh chat)
cua ngi LQL dien ra cung luc vi qua trnh ra quyet
nh. T o oi hoi chu the phai co lap trng vng
vang, ly tng cao ep, co ban lnh hoat ong, co ao
c nang lc that s.
Nhan to XH: van e li ch ca nhan, tap the, XH va moi
QH gia chung. Trnh o quan ly cua XH (kinh te, chnh tr,
XH). Trnh o dan tr. Cac phong tuc tap quan, tn ngng,
ton giao. Cac tnh huong, ieu kien, hoan canh cu the
e han che tac ong tren, khi ra quyet nh can phai
bao am cac yeu cau:
Co can c khoa hoc, phu hp quy luat, thc tien.
Tnh hieu qua ve kinh te, chnh tr, XH.
Phu hp vi cac oi tng: ac iem, TL oi tng. Ngan
gon, ro rang, cu the ca ve yeu cau va thi gian thc
hien. Tnh kp thi. Tnh phap ly. Tnh nh hng. Tnh
trong tham quyen.
+Lien he thc te tai a phng, n v:

Cau 08: Phan tch s khac nhau gia cac khai niem con
ngi, ca nhan, ca tnh, chu the va nhan cach?
*Khai niem:
+Con ngi la thc the sinh vat bac thang cao nhat cua
s tien hoa vat chat co to chc cao ngoai mat t nhien
con co mat XH, ban chat XH.
Ve mat sinh hoc: con ngi la ong vat cao cap.
Ve mat XH: con ngi la tong hoa cac moi QH XH. Con
ngi va la chu the cua XH va la khach the chu s
tac ong cua XH.
Ve mat TL: do con ngi co kha nang s dung cong cu
lao ong va ngon ng nen i song TL con ngi vo
cung a dang, phc tap, hn han ve chat so vi moi vat.
+Ca nhan chnh la mot con ngi cu the rieng biet tach
khoi nhng ngi xung quanh, e phan biet nhng ngi
xung quanh, phan biet vi cong ong (ve sinh hoc, XH. TL).
+Ca tnh la tnh oc ao rieng biet cua nhng ac iem
ve the chat va TL cua tng ngi cu the tao nen sac
thai rieng biet ien hnh cua ca nhan cu the e phan
biet vi ngi khac.
+Chu the la ca nhan tien hanh hoat ong co co y
thc, co muc ch nham cai tao the gii xung quanh th ca
nhan tr thanh chu the.
+Nhan cach la toan bo nhng ac iem nhng pham
chat TL qui nh nhng hanh vi XH va gia tr XH ca nhan.
S khac nhau:
Ca nhan cung la con ngi nhng lai c bieu th sac
thai rieng biet mot pham vi nao o.
Ca tnh dung e ch cai n nhat rieng biet trong TL ca
nhan.
Chu the la ca nhan hoat ong co y thc, co muc ch
cai tao the gii xung quanh.
Nhan cach la nhng thuoc tnh TL ca nhan bieu hien
gia tr XH nhat nh.
Cau 09: Phan tch nhng yeu to TL trong xu hng cua
ngi LQL? T o xac nh nh hng nhng gia tr
ung an cho ngi LQL?
*Khai niem xu hng cua ngi LQL:
Xu hng la mot sc manh TL loi keo nhan cach theo
mot chieu hng nhat nh trong thai o, hanh vi va
hoat ong. o la mot th ap lc tinh than qui nh
hng nga cua nhan cach trong moi tnh huong.
*Phan tch nhng yeu to TL trong xu hng ngi LQL:
-Nhu cau: la cai con ngi muon, la ong c manh me
thuc ay hanh vi cua con ngi. moi ca nhan co mot
he thong nhu cau ve vat chat, tinh than, hoat ong XH
c sap xep theo th t, trong o co mot nhu cau
chiem hang au va nhu cau o qui nh ho se nga ve
hng nao.
-S thch: la thai o nao o cua moi ca nhan hng
ti mot oi tng nao o, ma oi tng nay co y
ngha quan trong oi vi cuoc song va em lai cho ca
nhan s thch thu ve mat tnh cam. No cung la ong c
thuc ay hanh vi ca nhan. Trong cuoc song, no qui nh
s la chon nghe nghiep, giai tr, ngh ngi.
-Ly tng: la muc tieu quan trong, cao ep c phan anh
vao nao con ngi di hnh thc chuan mc va hoan
chnh co tac ong loi cuon manh me toan bo i song
cua ca nhan trong mot thi gian tng oi dai va con
ngi hoat ong e vn ti muc tieu o. Ly tng la
muc tieu c y thc ro rang, mot chuan mc hanh
ong mang mau sac xuc cam.
-The gii quan: la he thong quan iem cua con ngi ve
the gii va v tr cua mnh trong the gii o. o la cach
nhn i cua moi ca nhan va tuy thuoc vao cach nhn
o ma con ngi hanh ong tng ng.
-nh hng gia tr cua ca nhan: moi mot nhan cach cu
the bao gi cung gan lien vi mot nh hng gia tr
nhat nh. Co ngha la ca nhan ay, nhan cach ay nga
ve nhng gia tr nao trong thai o va hanh vi hoat ong
cua no. Nhng nh hng gia tr nay (Trong o co mot
nh hng gia tr chiem u the) la ong c ca nhan
thuc ay va qui nh chieu hng trong hoat ong va
ng x cua ca nhan o. Mot so nh hng gia tr cu
the: S hoan thien. Tnh hieu qua. Hng ti nhng ieu
co y ngha. Tnh cam. Trat t va ne nep. Sc manh va
nang lc. Tri thc va s khon ngoan. Phoi hp ieu hoa
hoat ong cua nhng thanh vien.
*Xac nh nh hng gia tr ung an cho ngi LQL:
-Ngi LQL phai hng ti cai cao ca, v ang, v dan,
mnh v moi ngi, lo trc thien ha, vui sau thien ha.
-Phai co tnh cam cach mang, tnh cam giai cap, tnh cam
dan toc, tnh ngi. Tan tuy vi cong viec, at li ch giai
cap, dan toc len tren li ch ca nhan.
Phai tu dng, hoc tap, ren luyen e t hoan thien ban
than mnh xng ang la ngi LQL. Hoan thien ve
pham chat ao c, nang lc LQL.

Cau 10: Phan tch van e nang lc cua ngi LQL, lien
he tnh hnh thc te hien nay?
Khai niem: Nang lc cua ngi LQL la nhng ac iem
TL cua ca nhan, giup ngi LQL hoat ong c trong
mot cong viec nhat nh lam cho hoat ong ay co hieu
qua.
Ngi LQL la nhng ca nhan co vai tro quan trong trong
XH, ho la nhng nha chnh tr, nha to chc, nha s pham
va la nha chuyen mon. Do o yeu cau ngi LQL phai
co:
Nang lc pho bien:
Nhay cam chnh tr: nam bat phat hien nhanh nhng tnh
huong, tnh hnh bien oi khi no cha boc lo ra ngoai.
Nhay cam to chc: nhay cam ve con ngi, qua tiep xuc
ma biet c ngi o can g ma bo tr phu hp.
Nang lc t duy:
Sau: thay c cot loi.
Xa: suy ngh vt trc, i trc.
Rong: la kha nang bao quat co cach nhn he thong.
Mem: mem deo, linh hoat thay oi nhng quan iem
khong con phu hp.
Nang lc ac biet:
To chc: la kha nang tap hp loi cuon nhng ngi
xung quanh e thc hien muc tieu mnh at ra. Biet dung
ngi, ung ngi, ung cho, ung s trng cua ho.
Giao tiep: lam cho ngi khac hieu mnh va mnh hieu
c ngi khac, biet at mnh vao hoan canh ngi
khac, nam c tam t, nguyen vong cua ngi khac e
ng x vi tng ngi, moi ngi mot cach phu hp.
S pham: Kha nang tac ong gay anh hng en ngi
khac, thuyet phuc c ngi khac.
Nang lc chuyen mon: ap ng yeu cau mot lnh vc
hoat ong rieng biet vi ket qua cao.
Lien he thc te:
S dung ngi phu hp vi nang lc cua ho se phat huy
cong viec hieu qua hn.
Trnh o CB hien nay cha ap ng kp s bien oi cua
kinh te-XH, nen can phai tao ieu kien e ho hoc tap
ren luyen.

Cau 11: Phan tch moi QH c va tai trong nhan cach

ngi LQL? Lien he tnh hnh thc te hien nay?
*Khai niem nhan cach ngi LQL:
Nhan cach ngi LQL la bo mat XH ac thu cua nhng
ca nhan ong vai tro ch huy, ieu khien trong XH c
tao nen bi nhng ac iem TL va hanh vi xac nh phu
hp vi vai tro la ngi ch huy, la ngi hoat ong chnh
tr, to chc, giao duc.
*Phan tch moi QH c-tai trong nhan cach ngi LQL:
+c: la pham chat chnh tr, long trung thanh vi ang,
vi nhan dan, vi che o XH chu ngha, kiem iem muc
tieu, ly tng oc lap dan toc va chu ngha XH, quyet
tam phan au hy sinh cho muc tieu o.
c la ao c trong sach, trung thc, khong c hoi, can
kiem liem chnh, ch cong vo t.
La long yeu nghe, tan tuy vi cong viec, dung cam,
gan da.
c trong nhan cach ngi LQL phai c hnh thanh va
cung co t mot he thong nhan thc quan iem ung
an ve the gii va con ngi tre c s chu ngha Mac-
Lenin va t tng Ho Ch Minh; t nhng tnh cam cach
mang sau sac v nc, v dan va mot niem tin vng chac
vao s nghiep xay dng chu ngha XH nc ta do ang
L.
+Tai: la nang lc cua ngi LQL. No the hien nhieu
mat nh to chc, chuyen mon, s pham Nang lc luon
luon gan lien vi hoat ong tien ti xem xet cai tai
trong qua trnh hoat ong.
+QH c-tai: c la cai goc, la c s nen tang nh
hng cho tai. Tai phat trien la c s e thoa man nhu
cau cao hn cua con ngi. Phai coi trong ca c va tai,
chung bo sung cho nhau, hoan thien lan nhau. Ngi co
c ma khong co tai th lam viec g cung kho, ngi co
tai ma khong co c la ngi vo dung. Ho Chu tch
a noi: Ngi cach mang phai co ao c, khong co
ao c th du co tai gioi may cung khong L c
nhan dan. oi vi ngi LQL, c va tai eu rat quan
trong, song c van la cai goc.
*Lien he thc te hien nay:
-Boi dng ao c cach mang cho CB ang vien, nhat la
ngi LQL. ao c cach mang khong phai t tren tri
sa xuong. No do au tranh, ren luyen ben b hang ngay
ma phat trien va cung co. Cung nh ngoc cang mai
cang sang, vang cang luyen cang trong (Ho Ch Minh).
-ao tao boi dng nang cao nang lc cho ngi LQL e
ap ng yeu cau cua cong nghiep hoa, hien ai hoa,
e khong b uoi tam.

Cau 12: Trnh bay cac pham chat ao c can thiet cua
ngi CB trong giai oan hien nay? Lien he thc te?
*Khai niem nhan cach ngi LQL:
Nhan cach ngi LQL la bo mat XH ac thu cua nhng
ca nhan ong vai tro ch huy, ieu khien trong XH c
tao nen bi nhng ac iem TL va hanh vi xac nh phu
hp vi vai tro la ngi ch huy, la ngi hoat ong chnh
tr, to chc, giao duc.
*Trnh bay nhng pham chat ao c cua nhieu CB hien
nay:
-Co tinh than yeu nc sau sac, tan tuy phuc vu nhan
dan, kiem iem muc tieu oc lap dan toc va chu ngha
XH.
-Co ban lnh chnh tr vng vang tren c s lap trng
giai cap cong nhan, tuyet oi trung thanh vi ly tng
cach mang, vi chu ngha Mac-Lenin va t tng Ho Ch
Minh.
-Can kiem liem chnh, ch cong vo t. Trung thc, khong c
hoi, gan bo vo san nhan dang. Gng mau ve ao c
va loi song, co tac phong dan chu, khoa hoc, co kha
nang tap hp quan chung, oan ket CB, co uy tn oi vi
nhan dan.
-Co y thc to chc ky luat, kien quyet au tranh chong
tham nhung, nhng tieu cc trong XH.
-Yeu nghe, tan tuy vi cong viec, co tinh than cau tien.
*Lien he thc te:
-Mot bo phan ang vien suy thoai pham chat ao c.
Can tang cng giao duc ao c cach mang
-au tranh vi nhng tieu cc XH, nhng bieu hien suy
oi ao c, nhng tieu cc cua kinh te th trng.
-Moi ngi LQL phai t ren luyen cai tam cua ngi
CB cach mang, hoc tap nang cao trnh o moi mat e ap
ng yeu cau cua s nghiep oi mi.
Cau 13: Phan tch van e uy tn ngi LQL? Cac bien
phap nang cao uy tn cua ngi L trong giai oan hien nay?
Khai niem:
Uy tn ngi LQL la sc manh tinh than, mot sc manh
ac biet co kha nang chi phoi chinh phuc ngi khac
bang pham chat TL ac trng cua ngi LQL lam cho
ngi tha hanh phuc tung menh lenh mot cach t
nguyen, t giac ma khong co mot s phan khang nao
ca.
Noi cach khac, uy tn ngi LQL la sc manh tinh than
cua ca nhan ngi L o co c nh s tha nhan
v tr L cua ca nhan ay t pha nhng ngi xung quanh.
Cau truc cua uy tn: gom hai phan chnh:
Uy quyen: la quyen lc, la cai co san qui nh cho tng
v tr trong he thong th bac cua c cau to chc. Thng
do u the ve chc vu em lai.
S tn nhiem: long tin c hnh thanh do sc cam hoa
cua ngi LQL.
Uy tn ca nhan la cac thanh to gop phan tao ra uy tn
cua to chc.
Uy tn cua to chc khi a hnh thanh th no gop phan
nang cao uy tn ca nhan trong to chc o.
Uy tn thc chat: phai bang chnh nhan cach, nang lc,
pham chat, phong cach cua chnh mnh.
Uy tn gia: do ngi LQL tao ra do dung cac thu thuat TL
nh e doa, tao khoang cach, dan chu gia hieu, cong
than, o du,
Cac bien phap nang cao uy tn:
Kien tr t phan au ren luyen.
QH vi moi ngi khiem ton, hoa nha.
Thng xuyen t phe bnh va phe bnh.
QH ung mc vi cap tren, ban be, ong nghiep.
Thc hien dan chu, cong khai.
Tao cuoc song gian d, khong xa hoa, lang ph.
Khong coi uy tn la muc ch, ma ch nen coi no la phng
tien e thc hien cong tac quan ly.
Phai chu y nhng nhan to TL XH (bau khong kh TL, d
luan, truyen thong,).
Uy tn phai c xay dng ca ca nhan va uy tn cua to
chc.
*Cac yeu to tao ra uy tn ngi LQL:
Sc cam hoa cua ngi LQL.
Long tin cua ngi c LQL.
Uy lc cua to chc.
Nhan to TL XH.

Cau 14: Phan tch cac khai niem: am ong, nhom va

tap the? Cac ac iem TL trong tng giai oan phat trien
cua tap the? Qua o rut ra y ngha trong cong tac LQL?
*am ong:
am ong la mot tap hp ngi ton tai mot cach ngau
nhien, co tnh chat nhat thi do mot s vat, hien tng
nao o gay nen.
-La ngau nhien v:
Co tnh chat tnh c: tap hp ngi do hieu ky, do to
mo
Khong co hoat ong chung, khong co ke hoach.
Khong co qui nh thi gian, a iem.
-La nhat thi v:
So lng khong on nh.
Mang tnh t phat.
Ton tai trong thi gian ngan.
*Nhom:
Nhon c xem la mot tap hp ngi trong XH ma cac
thanh vien co moi QH vi nhau trc tiep hoac gian tiep
nham at en hoat ong chung nhat nh.
-Nhom ln: la mot tap hp ngi ong ao co moi QH
gian tiep da tren mot so dau hieu chung.
-Nhom nho: la mot tap hp ngi co so lng tng oi
t va cac thanh vien co moi QH trc tiep vi nhau. Nhom
nho co so lng on nh, co to chc chat che, ton tai
trong mot khoang khong gian va thi gian nhat nh.
Nhom nho chnh thc: la nhom ton tai bang van ban
phap qui cua nha nc, cua to chc va vai tro, v tr
cua cac thanh vien cung c tha nhan mot cach ro
rang. Trng nhom goi la thu trng.
Nhom nho khong chnh thc: khong ton tai bang van
ban phap qui ma da tren c s QH ve mat TL. Trng
nhom goi la thu lnh.
Nhom kn: hoat ong khong cong khai.
Nhom m: hoat ong cong khai.
Nhom tch cc, nhom tieu cc: co muc ch hoat ong phu
hp hoac khong phu hp vi muc ch nhom chnh thc.
*Tap the: la mot nhom nho chnh thc hoat ong theo
mot muc ch nhat nh phuc vu li ch XH, tien bo XH.
*Phan biet: am ong, nhom, tap the.
+am ong:
1/ La mot tap hp ngi.
2/ Hoat ong khong co muc ch, khong co ke hoach.
3/ Moi QH khong ro rang.
4/ So lng khong on nh.
5/ Muc ch khong ro rang.
+Nhom:
1/ La mot tap hp ngi.
2/ Hoat ong co muc ch, co ke hoach.
3/ Co QH trc tiep hoac gian tiep.
4/ So lng tng oi on nh.
5/ Muc ch hoat ong v li ch cua nhom o.
+Tap the:
1/ La mot tap hp ngi.
2/ Hoat ong co muc ch, co ke hoach.
3/ Co QH trc tiep.
4/ So lng on nh.
5/ Muc ch hoat ong v li ch cua XH va tien bo XH.
*Cac ac iem TL trong tng giai oan phat trien cua tap
the:
-Giai oan tap the mi hnh thanh: Moi QH gia cac ca
nhan (Thanh vien) ch mang tnh chat, hnh thc xa giao
be ngoai (ch co s lien ket ve chc nang XH, s lien
ket ve TL XH cha xay ra), ho ch lam viec theo phan
cong cua L. Ho cha co s hieu biet lan nhau, thai o
chung la ch xem, tranh boc lo mnh, do xet ngi
khac.
-Giai oan tap the phan hoa ve cau truc: Moi QH gia
cac thanh vien a i vao chieu sau, ho a hieu nhau
hn, ho a biet ong gop y kien cho nhau ca trong phong
cach ao c lan trong cong viec. Giai oan nay co s
phan chia thanh nhng nhom khong chnh thc ma hoat
ong cua nhng nhom nay theo nhieu chieu hng khac
nhau (nhom nong cot, nhom pha hoai, nhom c hoi,
nhom an phan).
-Giai oan lien ket hp tac: tap the a phat trien
mc o cao, cac thanh vien co s giup lan nhau,
phoi hp cung nhau hoat ong va hoat ong v li ch
chung cua tap the.
-Giai oan phat trien cao nhat: co nhng bieu hien nh giai
oan 3, nhng phat trien mc cao hn. Cac thanh vien
co tinh than t giac, y thc trach nhiem, biet ket hp
li ch ca nhan vi li ch tap the, co tinh than t quan,
t ieu chnh moi hoat ong cua tap the.
*Y ngha trong cong tac LQL:
-Ngi LQL phai tranh thu c, phai nam c thu lnh
nhom tch cc va co giai phap han che anh hng cua
thu lnh nhom tieu cc.
-Ngi LQL phai nam c ac iem TL cua nhom, cua
tap the cung nh tuy giai oan phat trien cua tap the
ma co bien phap tac ong thch hp, hieu qua.
-Ngi LQL phai va la thu trng, va la thu lnh.

Cau 15: Phan tch c che gop phan tao nen TL cua tap
the? Qua o rut ra y ngha trong cong tac quan ly?
Khai niem:
TL cua tap the la hien tng gan lien vi tap the nh
mot cau truc, la chc nang cua loai cau truc nay vi
nhng hien tng TL XH khac nhau ton tai va van hanh
trong TL cua tap the nh la nhng c che tao nen no.
Ban chat TL cua tap the la mot thc the tinh than
khong ong nhat vi s cong lai nhng ac iem TL ca
nhan trong tap the. Ma no hnh thanh thong qua s tac
ong qua lai lan nhau gia cac thanh vien xac nh di
s tac ong cua ieu kien XH cu the.
C che gop phan tao nen TL tap the:
o la cac hien tng TL XH van hanh trong tap the.
Giao tiep: la s tiep xuc TL gia cac ca nhan, cac nhom
dien ra qua trnh trao oi thong tin, anh hng lan nhau.
Lay lan TL: s lay lan cam xuc, tnh cam t ngi nay
en ngi khac.
Am th: s chi phoi, lam bien oi cach suy ngh, thai o,
hanh vi cua cac ca nhan, cac nhom ngi mot cach vo
thc bi sc ep tinh than dng nh vo hnh nhng co
that.
Theo thi: la s bien oi cach suy ngh, anh gia, hanh
ong cua cac ca nhan theo cach suy ngh anh gia hanh
ong cua so ong, cua tap the.
Bau khong kh TL trong tap the: la trang thai tinh than
chung cua tap the, no phan anh tnh chat, noi dung, xu
hng TL cua cac thanh vien trong tap the.
Xung ot trong tap the: la do mau thuan cua cac thanh
vien khi giai quyet van e cua XH hoac cua ca nhan.
Y ngha trong cong tac LQL:
Can phai tao moi trng tap the tot e cac qua trnh TL
XH van hanh tot trong tap the.
Phat huy nang lc tap the.
Tao tnh tch cc trong tap the.
Cai tien phng thc thong tin, giao tiep.
Phat huy nang lc tng ca nhan.

Cau 16: Phan tch cac hien tng TL c ban trong tap the?
Qua o rut ra y ngha trong cong tac quan ly?
Khai niem: TLH tap the c xem la toan bo nhng hien
tng TL xuat hien va van hanh trong i song tap the,
bao gom cac qua trnh TL, trang thai TL va thuoc tnh TL.
Cac hien tng TL c ban trong tap the:
Giao tiep: la s tiep xuc TL gia ca nhan-nhom.
Lay lan: s lay lan cam xuc t ngi nay qua ngi
khac.
Am th: s chi phoi lam bien oi cach suy ngh thai o
hanh vi cua ca nhan hoac nhom ngi mot cach vo
thc.
Theo thi: la s bien oi cach suy ngh, anh gia hanh
ong cua cac ca nhan theo cach suy ngh anh gia,
cach hanh ong cua so ong tap the.
D luan: nhng y kien chung giong nhau cua nhieu ngi
ve nhng s kien, hanh vi cua mot ca nhan nao o
dien ra trong i song XH.
Y ngha: biet c cac hien tng TL tap the ngi LQL
se ieu chnh, ieu khien tap the i ung hng at
c muc tieu e ra nang cao cong tac quan ly. Mot so
bien phap chu yeu:
Phat huy nang lc cu the.
Tao tnh tch cc trong thai o tap the.
Cai tien phng thc thong tin giao tiep.
Phat huy nang lc tng ca nhan trong tap the.

Cau 17: Phan tch noi dung TL cua cac cong ong XH? Qua
o rut ra y ngha nang cao hieu qua trong cong tac
quan ly L?
*Khai niem: Cong ong XH la nhom ln XH tap hp
nhng ngi co ac iem chung ve t nhien, XH, TL.
*Noi dung TL cua cac cong ong XH:
+Nhu cau li ch XH: la nhng oi hoi mong muon chung
cua cong ong XH can phai c thoa man e ton tai
va phat trien.
Li ch XH: la s phan anh moi QH nhan cach gia cong
ong XH trong qua trnh thoa man nhu cau.
Nhu cau li ch XH luon luon van ong va phat trien tan
thanh ong lc phat trien XH.
Khi con ngi co nhu cau li ch th ho tm cach e thoa
man nhu cau, tuy vao cach la chon phng thc thoa
man nhu cau ma nhan cach XH phat trien tng ng.
Nhu cau li ch gan lien vi ieu kien thoa man nhu cau
kinh te, chnh tr, XH.
+Tam trang XH: la trang thai XH phan anh trang thai
chung cua mot nhom XH, cong ong XH nhat nh trong
giai oan lch s nhat nh.
Tam trang XH co hai loai: tam trang XH am tnh va tam
trang XH dng tnh.
Tam trang XH tao ra sac thai rieng cua cong ong XH
ong thi gop phan thuc ay hoac km che hoat ong
cua cong ong XH.
Ban chat TL:
Tam trang XH gan lien vi viec thoa man nhu cau li ch
XH, neu nhu cau c thoa man hp ly tao ra TL XH dng
tnh va ngc lai thoa man khong hp ly hoac khong
thoa man tao ra TL XH am tnh.
Tam trang XH chi phoi hieu qua hoat ong cua cong
ong XH.
*nh hng gia tr XH: la xu hng chung cua cong ong
XH ve gia tr vat chat va tinh than ma cong ong XH ay
ang hng ti.
Xu hng XH can nh hng giao duc cho cong ong XH
bao gom: nhu cau, hng thu, ly tng, the gii quan.
Ban chat TL:
nh hng gia tr XH gop phan ieu khien, ieu chnh
moi hoat ong cong ong XH.
nh hng gia tr XH la yeu to TL thuc ay hoat ong
XH cua cong ong.
*Giao tiep XH: la qua trnh nham xac lap van hanh moi
QH XH gia con ngi vi con ngi.
Cac mc o giao tiep XH:
Giao tiep nh la mot hoat ong XH: cac chu the cung giao
tiep cung hoat ong chung mot lnh vc hoat ong XH nao
o.
Giao tiep nh la mot moi QH cu the gia hai chu the giao
tiep.
Giao tiep nh la lan tiep xuc cu the cua mot moi QH cu
the nao o.
Giao tiep nh la x ly tnh huong bat ng nay sinh mot
lan tiep xuc nao o.
Ban chat TL:
Nhu cau li ch la ong lc thuc ay moi QH giao tiep cua
con ngi.
QH giao tiep cua con ngi c thc hien thong qua cac
phng tien giao tiep.
Cac yeu to TL trong giao tiep: trong qua trnh giao tiep con
ngi thng xay ra cac yeu to TL XH nh: an tng ban
au trong giao tiep; nhan thc trong giao tiep; xuc cam,
tnh cam trong giao tiep; the TL trong giao tiep.
*Y ngha nang cao hieu qua trong cong tac quan ly:
Thong qua noi dung TL cua cong ong XH ma ngi L
biet tac ong, ieu chnh no i theo hng tch cc, giai
quyet hai hoa cac nhu cau li ch chnh ang, hieu c
tam trang truyen thong phong tuc tap quan e t o e
ra chnh sach cho phu hp.

Cau 18: Phan tch noi dung TL dan toc Viet Nam? Lien he
tnh hnh thc te hien nay?
*Khai niem TL dan toc:
TL dan toc la i song tinh than chung cua mot cong
ong XH, co cung ac iem ve lanh tho, ngon ng,
van hoa, lch s, che o chnh tr
*Noi dung cua TL dan toc:
Y thc dan toc: Xac nh v tr, vai tro, chc nang cua
dan toc mnh.
Tnh cam dan toc: Nhng net on nh ac trng cho mot
dan toc.
T hao dan toc: Thai o cua mot dan toc oi vi lch
s, qua trnh ton tai va phat trien cua dan toc o.
*Noi dung TL dan toc Viet Nam:
-Long yeu nc: ac iem noi bat dan toc Viet Nam,
la gia tr hang au trong moi gia tr, la ong lc c ban
cua lch s dan toc Viet Nam.
-Tinh than v ngha: V ngha ln, khi can san sang hy sinh
tnh cam rieng t, at n nc tren tnh nha.
-Tnh kien tr, bat khuat, chu ng gian kho: tr thanh sc
manh ky dieu e cho dan toc ng vng va phat trien.
-Long nhan ai: bao dung, o lng, chia se kho khan, ke
ca nhan ai oi vi ke thu.
-Kha nang thch ng cua dan toc Viet Nam: biet chon loc
cai tinh hoa cua ben ngoai bien thanh cai cua mnh.
-Tnh chat trc quan thc tien trong t duy: coi trong kinh
nghiem hn la ly thuyet tru tng, no xuat phat t
nen nong nghiep lac hau.
*Lien he thc te:
Trong thi ky hien nay hau het cac ac iem tren tr
thanh sc manh tinh than nham thuc ay tien bo XH.
Ben canh nhng ac iem TL truyen thong c coi trong,
gi gn va phat huy, TL dan toc Viet Nam ang co nhng
net bien oi :
-Va t hao, va lo lang: t hao v s nghiep oi mi
thang li, nhng lo lang v tieu cc, v lac hau, v nhng gia
tr truyen thong co nguy c b xoi mon.
-Tnh chu ong sang tao nhieu hn, tnh tch cc XH c
khi day va nang cao.
-nh hng gia tr ang dan dan chu trong ve vat chat.
-Tinh than thao vat, vn len canh tranh e t khang nh
mnh bang chnh tr tue va kha nang cua mnh.
-Nhng tan d tieu cc can khac phuc: trong nam khinh
n, TL dong ho, cuc bo a phng, me tn d oan, t
tng muon thoat ly khoi lao ong nong nghiep va i
song nong thon.
Ngi LQL can phai hieu ro cac mat manh, yeu cua
cac ac iem TL nay e t o e ra cac chu trng
chnh sach, thuc ay, ke tha, phat huy TL tch cc, han
che tac hai cua tan d tieu cc ap ng yeu cau oi
mi cua at nc.

Cau 19: Phan tch ac iem TL cua giai cap cong nhan
Viet Nam? Lien he tnh hnh thc te hien nay?
*Khai niem TL giai cap: TL giai cap la i song tinh than
chung cua cong ong XH co cung a v kinh te, chnh tr,
van hoa-XH.
*Noi dung TL giai cap: y thc giai cap; oan ket giai cap;
au tranh giai cap.
*ac iem TL:
Lc lng lao ong trong ieu kien cong nghiep, co truyen
thong yeu nc va truyen thong cach mang, gan li ch
cua giai cap vi li ch cua dan toc.
Lc lng tien phong cua cach mang Viet Nam, ung ho
ng loi chnh sach oi mi.
Nang ong va sang tao tiep thu nhanh ky thuat, cong
nghe.
Nhu cau phat trien.
+Nhng han che trong TL giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam:
i song con kho khan nen TL khong an tam trong lao
ong.
Con non ve tay nghe, y thc nghe nghiep, y thc giac
ngo chnh tr, nang suat lao ong cha cao.
Do thu hut nhu cau thanh phan khac nhau nen con ton
tai nhng tan d cua che o khac.
Lien he thc te:
Trong giai oan hien nay giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam la
tien phong nong cot e the hien cong cuoc cong nghiep
hoa, hien ai hoa at nc.
Gi gn va phat huy nhng ban chat tot ep cua giai cap
cong nhan Viet Nam.
Xay dng giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam phat trien manh
me ve so lng va chat lng, co tr thc va tay nghe
cao phuc vu cho s nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien ai hoa.
Hieu c ac iem TL cua giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam
t o co cac chnh sach phat huy truyen thong TL tot
ep va ong thi han che nhng bieu hien tieu cc va
am bao cho ho la giai cap tien tien cua lch s.

Cau 20: Phan tch ac iem TL cua giai cap nong dan
Viet Nam? Lien he tnh hnh thc te hien nay?
*Khai niem TL giai cap: TL giai cap la i song tinh than
chung cua cong ong XH co cung a v kinh te, chnh tr,
van hoa-XH.
*Noi dung TL giai cap: y thc giai cap; oan ket giai cap;
au tranh giai cap.
*ac iem TL:
Tinh than yeu nc, trung thc, long chung thuy va nhan
ai. La lc lng chu yeu cua cach mang.
Tinh than cong ong trc het la cong ong gia nh, ho
hang, lang xa.
Lao ong gan lien vi moi trng thien nhien, ngi
nong dan Viet Nam gian d, thiet thc va ci m.
+Mot so han che:
Qu trong lao ong, ghet an bam.
Tnh ky luat, khan trng trong lao ong con thap.
Trnh o con thap, t duy kinh nghiem lan at t duy ly
luan khoa hoc.
Cach ngh, cach nhn, cach tnh toan con thien can.
Tap hp thanh mot lc lng thong nhat la vo cung kho
khan do nhieu thanh phan, nhieu li ch khac nhau.
*Lien he thc te:
Cung vi giai cap cong nhan, lien minh cong nong, giai
cap nong dan la lc lng chiem a so e thc hien
cong cuoc oi mi at nc.
Trong nen kinh te th trng co nhieu mat trai cua no
ve ao c loi song. Do vay can phai gi gn va phat
huy nhng ac iem TL tot ep cua ngi nong dan:
thng yeu um boc lan nhau, song trung thc, long nhan
ai
+Giai cap nong dan Viet Nam ang co nhng bien oi:
Nep suy ngh ngng ong, bao thu bat au nhng cho
cho cach suy ngh nang ong sang tao, biet tnh toan hieu
qua kinh te, ng dung khoa hoc ky thuat.
ms thai o va hanh vi sinh hoat, song bang phap luat
va ao ly hn bang luat tuc va tap quan.
Nhu cau ve i song tot ep hn tr thanh xu hng
quan trong, t o khi day tnh tch cc san xuat, lam giau
chan chnh.
Xu hng quay ve truyen thong co, khoi phuc cac le hoi,
phong tuc tap quan, xay dng en chua, mieu mao va
ca nhng hu tuc me tn d oan.
Ngi LQL phai biet han che nhng ac iem TL tieu
cc nh: qua quan tam ve le hoi, tiec tung, me tn gay
lang ph.

Cau 21: Trnh bay nhng van e TL trong cong tac to

chc? Lien he tnh hnh thc te hien nay?
*Khai niem:
Ngha rong: cong tac to chc la qua trnh hnh thanh ra
to chc va tm kiem con ngi e a vao to chc o.
Ngha hep: cong tac to chc la qua trnh thc hien cong
viec nhat nh nao o (xac nh muc ch, qui mo, pham
vi, ieu kien,).
*Y ngha cua viec xac nh muc tieu: Xay dng muc tieu
la c s e thong nhat quan iem, thai o, hanh ong,
la tieu chuan e anh gia hieu qua.
Xac nh muc tieu phai ung, khong cao, khong thap, ro
rang,.. e no tr thanh ong lc thc hien cong tac at
hieu qua.
Gan muc tieu chung cua to chc vi muc tieu rieng cua
ca nhan.
Khi xay dng muc tieu cua to chc, gan vi nhiem vu cu
the cua to chc cua cac bo phan va cua tng ca
nhan t o tao ieu kien anh gia hoat ong de dang.
*S hoa hp gia cac thanh vien trong to chc: hoa hp
la s ket hp tot nhat cac pham chat, nang lc cua
moi ngi e tao ra hieu qua lao ong cao va co bau TL
thoai mai, de chu.
+ieu kien hai ngi hoa hp vi nhau:
Sinh ly the chat.
Tam sinh ly (kh chat, toc o phan ng).
TL ao c: xu hng, nang lc, tnh cach.
+ieu kien e hoa hp nhieu ngi:
Muc tieu cua to chc.
So lng thanh vien.
Giai quyet thoa ang cac nhu cau li ch.
Khong nen chon nhng ngi co ac iem nhan cach
giong nhau se tao s nham chan.
*Cac lc TL trong to chc: Lc TL la nhng xu hng khac
nhau trong viec anh gia, nhn nhan hoat ong va ket
qua hoat ong cua to chc.
+Cac loai lc TL:
Lc cap tien: nhn s viec thng cha at, can thay oi
toan dien.
Lc bao thu: nhn s viec a tot, khong can thay oi.
Lc cai lng: nhn s viec co mat tot, cha tot, khong
can thay oi nhieu.
Lc c hoi: nhn s viec khong co quan iem chnh thc,
nga theo chieu gio.
+Cac nhan to anh hng en s hnh thanh va bien oi
cua lc TL:
Quan iem anh gia cua tng ngi.
Cam nhan cua cac ca nhan ve v tr, vai tro cua mnh
trong to chc.
Nhng ac iem trong nhan cach, ca tnh cua nhng
ngi trong to chc.
*Trat t TL trong to chc:
C cau chnh thc: xep at cac ca nhan vao nhng v tr
va thiet lap nhng moi QH gia ho.
C cau khong chnh thc: trat t TL XH. No la he thong
nhng v tr khac nhau cua cac ca nhan trong to chc va
cac lien he gia cac v tr ay c xac nh bi nhng
yeu to tnh cam XH (bieu hien : uy tn, tn nhiem, phuc
tung).
C cau khong chnh thc trong to chc anh hng rat ln
en hieu qua hoat ong cua to chc.
Ngi LQL phai la thu trng, va la thu lnh cua to
chc o.
*Lien he:
Thc trang cong tac CB hien nay:
Viec anh gia, bo tr, s dung CB nhieu khi con chu quan,
cha that cong tam, cha hp ly, thieu dan chu hoac
dan chu hnh thc n nang ve c cau, lung tung, b ong.
Cong tac ao tao boi dng cha gan vi nhu cau.
Khong kien quyet x ly nhng sai pham.
Yeu cau trong giai oan hien nay:
Gan viec xay dng oi ngu CB vi xay dng to chc va
oi mi c che chnh sach.
oi mi va chnh on to chc bo may lam cong tac
CB nh:
Nang cao pham chat, kien thc cua oi ngu CB lam
cong tac to chc.
oi mi phong cach va phai lam cong tac CB, trang b
nhng phng tien lam viec hien ai cho cong tac CB
Cau 22: Trnh bay nhng kha canh TL trong cong tac anh
gia CB? Lien he thc te a phng, n v?
*Khai niem:
-CB: la nhng ngi c giao nhng nhiem vu nhat nh
trong to chc khac nhau thuoc mot he thong chnh tr-XH
nhat nh.
-Cong tac CB: trong moi thi ky eu nham xay dng va
phat trien oi ngu CB ve so lng va chat lng phu
hp vi oi hoi va yeu cau cua thi ky ay.
Cong tac CB bao gom: anh gia va la chon CB, boi
dng va ao tao CB, bo tr s dung CB, chnh sach ai
ngo
*Nhng kha canh TL trong cong tac anh gia CB:
anh gia CB la khau au tien, quan trong tham ch co y
ngha quyet nh trong cong tac CB noi chung. T o yeu
cau phai anh gia ung.
-Nguyen tac anh gia:
anh gia CB la xem xet nhan cach cua ca nhan o,
nhng nhan cach la cai g o tru tng, kho xac nh
va c bieu hien ra rat phc tap. T o anh gia CB
phai gan vi nhiem vu cu the, trong nhng hoan canh cu
the, xem xet cac hanh vi boc lo ra trong thc hien nhiem
vu, xem xet ket qua, hieu qua cua nhng hanh vi ay.
-Yeu cau:
anh gia ung, chnh xac. Phai anh gia toan dien ca
qua kh, hien tai va d oan tng lai, nhng ng nang
qua kh.
anh gia phai khach quan, trong ieu kien, hoan canh cu
the, trong s bien ong phat trien.
anh gia phai chu y khong co ca nhan nao la toan
dien va cung khong co ca nhan nao la bo i. anh
gia la e phat hien cai u ma phat huy, tm ra cai nhc
ma khac phuc, e s dung CB ung cho, ung viec.
-Noi dung anh gia:
1/ Lap trng chnh tr-XH: la cho ng cua ca nhan ve
mat t tng trong QH giai cap, nha nc, dan toc No
noi len xu hng cua ca nhan ay vi nhng van e
chnh tr-XH ma ro net nhat la thai o cua ca nhan oi
vi che o hien hanh (bao ve hay chong lai).
Lap trng chnh tr-XH co cac loai: tien bo, phan ong,
trung lap, c hoi.
2/ ong c ca nhan: la cai loi keo, thuc ay, cai qui
nh chieu hng cua cuoc i cua ca nhan va toan
bo nhng hoat ong khac nhau cua no. Co hai yeu to c
ban:
nh hng gia tr chiem u the: la gia tr cua mot s
vat, hien tng ma ca nhan hng ti mot cach manh
me nhat. (tien bac, a v, tieng tam).
Nhu cau hang au:
3/ Thai o phan ng: oi vi ban than, oi vi ngi
khac, oi vi cong viec.
4/ Nang lc: ieu chu yeu trong anh gia CB, ch ra
nhng kha nang, s trng cua ho. Can thc hien ba
nhiem vu:
Tm ra nhng ac iem trong cac chc nang TL pho bien
cua ca nhan. (Nhay ben trong nhan thc, x ly thong
tin, linh hoat)
Xac nh cac kha nang ac biet co the co cac ca
nhan.
Phat hien ra cai iem rieng co, cai kha nang bao trum
nhat, cai u the noi bat nhat trong ca nhan ay.
* Lien he thc te a phng:
-anh gia CB con chu ap lc cua quan niem phong kien,
chu ngha duy tnh, be phai.
-Con da theo cam tnh chu quan cua ngi anh gia cua
nha LQL.
Cau 23: Phan tch c che TL cua viec ieu khien hanh vi
con ngi trong cong tac t tng? Qua o rut ra y ngha
trong cong tac LQL?
Cong tac t tng la qua trnh tac ong cua chu the
LQL en nhan thc, quan iem, tnh cam, niem tin cua
cac oi tng quan ly nham bien oi chung va cuoi
cung la thay oi nhng hanh vi, hanh ong cua ho theo
nhng muc tieu quan ly khac nhau.
C che TL cua viec ieu khien hanh vi cua con ngi:
No bat nguon t nhng nhu cau: nhu cau la nhng oi
hoi tat yeu ma con ngi can c thoa man trong mot
ieu kien nhat nh nh: nhu cau sinh vat, nhu cau XH.
Khi cha gap oi tng thoa man, nhu cau nh la mot
ong lc vn ti thoa man. Khi gap oi tng thoa man,
th con ngi co nhng hanh vi, hanh ong
Giao duc nhu cau:
Chnh ang, khong chnh ang.
Cap thiet, khong cap thiet.
Lanh manh, khong lanh manh.
ieu kien thoa man nhu cau hay phng thc thoa man
nhu cau:
Moi QH gia t tng va hanh ong:
T tng ch ao hanh ong, con hanh ong la s thc
hien hoa cua t tng.
T tng bao gom: nhan thc, quan iem, tnh cam, y ch.
Neu t tng ung, nhan thc ung, nhng thieu tnh cam
dan en t tng sai, hanh ong sai. Neu co tnh cam
nhng thieu nhan thc hay nhan thc chenh lech dan
en t tng sai, dan en hanh ong sai.
Y ngha trong cong tac quan ly:
Nam c c che TL cua viec ieu khien hanh vi con
ngi, ngi LQL se tac ong vao cac trang thai TL e
lam cho t tng CB, ang vien nhat quan, phat trien
theo hng tch cc t o ho se co hanh vi tot ap ng
nhu cau at ra tng thi ky, tng giai oan.
Co ke hoach boi dng tri thc, trnh o chuyen mon,
quan iem e CB, nhan vien co lap trng t tng
vng vang.

Cau 24: Trnh bay noi dung TL trong cong tac t tng? Qua
o rut ra y ngha trong cong tac LQL?
Cong tac t tng la qua trnh tac ong cua chu the
LQL en nhan thc, quan iem, tnh cam, niem tin cua
cac oi tng quan ly nham bien oi chung va cuoi
cung la lam thay oi nhng hanh vi, hanh ong cua ho
theo nhng muc tieu quan ly khac nhau.
*Noi dung TL trong cong tac t tng:
+Hnh thanh nhan thc:
Nhan thc la con ng au tien i en hanh vi. Ngi ta
hanh ong theo nhng hieu biet nhat nh cua mnh.
Muon tac ong en hanh vi con ngi th trc het phai
lam thay oi nhan thc cua no.
Thc chat cua viec hnh thanh nhan thc la thay oi
nhng hieu biet nhat nh mot chu the ve cac oi
tng, cac s kien nao o.
+Hnh thanh quan iem:
Quan iem la cho ng e nhn nhan, anh gia cac s
kien va hien tng, hay noi cach khac la cach thc nhn
nhan cua mot chu the nhat nh oi vi cac van e
khac nhau.
Cach nhan thc van e bao gi cung quan trong e giai
quyet van e, cho nen quan iem la yeu to anh hng
en hanh vi hoat ong cua con ngi mot cach manh
me.
+Hnh thanh cam xuc, tnh cam:
Cam xuc la phan ng thai o cua con ngi trc
nhng oi tng nhat nh tren c s nhu cau tng ng,
o la nhng rung ong cua cac cong ong XH hoac ca
nhan tao thanh sc manh thuc ay hanh vi hoat ong
cua chung dien ra. V vay cam xuc c coi la ong c
trc tiep cua hanh vi.
+Tao lap va cung co niem tin:
Niem tin la tin tng sau sac cua ca nhan ve ly tng
song, nguyen tac song nhat nh.
Niem tin la ong lc manh me en hanh vi va hoat ong
cua con ngi. Ngi ta se tr nen lung tung, chan ch
va thu ong neu khong tin vao mot ieu g o.
*Y ngha trong cong tac quan ly:
Hieu c noi dung TL trong cong tac t tng e ngi
LQL biet cach tac ong vao nhan thc, quan iem, tnh
cam, tao lap niem tin e t o ngi LQL tham nhuan
t tng tch cc e at hieu qua cao trong cong tac quan
ly.

Cau 25: Trnh bay noi dung TL trong cong tac t tng? Qua
o rut ra y ngha trong cong tac quan ly?
Khai niem:
Theo ngha rong: cong tac t tng la hoat ong cua cac
to chc chnh tr-XH nham hnh thanh, phat trien, cung co
he thong t tng nhat nh e bien chung thanh sc
manh tinh than chi phoi moi hoat ong cua XH.
Viet Nam cong tac t tng la toan bo hoat ong cua
to chc ang, nha nc va cac to chc oan the (he
thong chnh tr).
Theo ngha hep: cong tac t tng la qua trnh tac ong
cua chu the quan ly en nhan thc, quan iem, tnh
cam, niem tin cua cac oi tng quan ly nham bien oi
chung va cuoi cung la bien oi nhng hanh vi, hanh
ong cua ho theo nhng muc tieu quan ly khac nhau.
Chu the lam cong tac t tng co the la ca nhan, tap
the, mot tap hp ngi khach the co the la ca nhan,
tap the.
Noi dung cua cong tac t tng: la nhng hoc thuyet.
e lam c cong tac t tng phai nam c noi dung
cua chu ngha Mac-Lenin va t tng Ho Ch Minh.
Bien phap: trong he thong giao duc, van hoa, nghe
thuat.
Y ngha trong cong tac quan ly:
Hieu c noi dung trong cong tac t tng e ngi LQL
biet cach tac ong vao nhan thc, quan iem, tnh cam,
tao lap niem tin e t o ngi CB, ang vien tham
nhuan nhng t tng tch cc, hng hanh vi ung nham
at hieu qua cao trong cong tac.

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282282a282282n282 282v282e282282 282t282h282e282282
282g282i282282282i282 282v282a282282 282c282o282n282
282n282g282282282282i282 282t282r282e282282
282c282282 282s282282282 282c282h282u282282
282n282g282h282282a282 282M282a282282c282-
282L282e282282n282i282n282 282v282a282282 282t282282
282t282282282282n282g282 282H282o282282
282C282h282282 282M282i282n282h282;282 282t282282282
282n282h282282282n282g282 282t282282n282h282
282c282a282282m282 282c282a282282c282h282
282m282a282282n282g282 282s282a282282u282
282s282a282282c282 282v282282
282n282282282282c282,282 282v282282
282d282a282282n282 282v282a282282
282m282o282282t282 282n282i282e282282m282
282t282i282n282 282v282282282n282g282
282c282h282a282282c282 282v282a282282o282
282s282282282 282n282g282h282i282e282282p282
282x282a282282y282 282d282282282n282g282
282c282h282u282282 282n282g282h282282a282
282x282a282282 282h282o282282i282 282282282
282n282282282282c282 282t282a282 282d282o282
282282a282282n282g282 282l282a282282n282h282
282282a282282o282.282
282+282T282a282282i282:282 282l282a282282
282n282a282282n282g282 282l282282282c282
282c282u282282a282 282n282g282282282282i282
282l282a282282n282h282 282282a282282o282
282q282u282a282282n282 282l282y282282.282
282N282o282282 282t282h282e282282
282h282i282e282282n282 282282282
282n282h282i282e282282u282 282m282a282282t282
282n282h282282 282t282o282282
282c282h282282282c282,282
282c282h282u282y282e282282n282
282m282o282282n282,282 282s282282
282p282h282a282282m282& 282N282a282282n282g282
282l282282282c282 282l282u282o282282n282
282l282u282o282282n282 282g282a282282n282
283l283i283e283283n283 283v283283283i283
283h283o283a283283t283 283283o283283n283g283
283t283i283e283283n283 283t283283283i283
283x283e283m283 283x283e283283t283 283c283a283283i283
283t283a283283i283 283t283r283o283n283g283
283q283u283a283283 283t283r283283n283h283
283h283o283a283283t283 283283o283283n283g283.283
283+283Q283u283a283n283 283h283e283283
283283283283c283-283t283a283283i283:283
283*283L283i283e283283n283 283h283e283283
283t283h283283283c283 283t283e283283
283h283i283e283283n283
283n283a283y283
:28328328328328328328328328328328328328328328328328328
32832832832832832832832832832832832832832832832832832
83283283283283283283283283283283283283283283283283283
28328328328328328328328328328328328328328328328328328
32832832832832832832832832832832832832832832832832832
83283283283283283283283283283283283283283283283283283
28328328328328328328328328328328328328328328328328328
32832832832832832832832832832832832832832832832832832
83283283283m283a283283t283 283
283*283P283h283a283283n283 283t283283c283h283
283m283o283283i283 283q283u283a283n283 283h283e283283
283283283283c283-283t283a283283i283
283t283r283o283n283g283 283n283h283a283283n283
283c283a283283c283h283 283n283g283283283283i283
283l283a283283n283h283 283283a283283o283
283q283u283a283283n283 283l283y283283:283
283+283283283283c283:283 283l283a283283
283p283h283a283283m283 283c283h283a283283t283
283c283h283283n283h283 283t283r283283,283
283l283o283283n283g283 283t283r283u283n283g283
283t283h283a283283n283h283 283v283283283i283
283283a283283n283g283,283 283v283283283i283
283n283h283a283283n283 283d283a283283n283,283
283v283283283i283 283c283h283e283283 283283o283283
283x283a283283 283h283o283283i283 283c283h283u283283
283n283g283h283283a283,283 283k283i283e283283m283
284284i284e284284m284 284m284u284284c284
284t284i284e284284u284,284 284l284y284284
284t284284284284n284g284 284284o284284c284
284l284a284284p284 284d284a284284n284
284t284o284284c284 284v284a284284 284c284h284u284284
284n284g284h284284a284 284x284a284284
284h284o284284i284,284 284q284u284y284e284284t284
284t284a284284m284 284p284h284a284284n284
284284a284284u284 284h284y284 284s284i284n284h284
284c284h284o284 284m284u284284c284
284t284i284e284284u284 284284o284284.284
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284284284284c284 284t284r284o284n284g284
284s284a284284c284h284,284 284t284r284u284n284g284
284t284h284284284c284,284 284k284h284o284284n284g284
284c284284 284h284o284284i284,284 284c284a284284n284
284k284i284e284284m284 284l284i284e284284m284
284c284h284284n284h284,284 284c284h284284
284c284o284284n284g284 284v284o284284 284t284284.284
284L284a284284 284l284o284284n284g284
284y284e284284u284 284n284g284h284e284284,284
284t284a284284n284 284t284u284284y284
284v284284284i284 284c284o284284n284g284
284v284i284e284284c284,284 284d284u284284n284g284
284c284a284284m284,284 284g284a284n284
284d284a284284.284
284284284284c284 284t284r284o284n284g284
284n284h284a284284n284 284c284a284284c284h284
284n284g284284284284i284 284l284a284284n284h284
284284a284284o284 284q284u284a284284n284
284l284y284284 284p284h284a284284i284
284284284284284c284 284h284284n284h284
284t284h284a284284n284h284 284v284a284284
284c284u284284n284g284 284c284o284284 284t284284284
284m284o284284t284 284h284e284284
284t284h284o284284n284g284 284n284h284a284284n284
284t284h284284284c284 284q284u284a284n284
284284i284e284284m284 284284u284284n284g284
284284a284284n284 284v284e284284 284t284h284e284284
285g285i285285285i285 285v285a285285 285c285o285n285
285n285g285285285285i285 285t285r285e285285
285c285285 285s285285285 285c285h285u285285
285n285g285h285285a285 285M285a285285c285-
285L285e285285n285i285n285 285v285a285285 285t285285
285t285285285285n285g285 285H285o285285
285C285h285285 285M285i285n285h285;285 285t285285285
285n285h285285285n285g285 285t285285n285h285
285c285a285285m285 285c285a285285c285h285
285m285a285285n285g285 285s285a285285u285
285s285a285285c285 285v285285
285n285285285285c285,285 285v285285
285d285a285285n285 285v285a285285
285m285o285285t285 285n285i285e285285m285
285t285i285n285 285v285285285n285g285
285c285h285a285285c285 285v285a285285o285
285s285285285 285n285g285h285i285e285285p285
285x285a285285y285 285d285285285n285g285
285c285h285u285285 285n285g285h285285a285
285x285a285285 285h285o285285i285 285285285
285n285285285285c285 285t285a285 285d285o285
285285a285285n285g285 285l285a285285n285h285
285285a285285o285.285
285+285T285a285285i285:285 285l285a285285
285n285a285285n285g285 285l285285285c285
285c285u285285a285 285n285g285285285285i285
285l285a285285n285h285 285285a285285o285
285q285u285a285285n285 285l285y285285.285
285N285o285285 285t285h285e285285
285h285i285e285285n285 285285285
285n285h285i285e285285u285 285m285a285285t285
285n285h285285 285t285o285285
285c285h285285285c285,285
285c285h285u285y285e285285n285
285m285o285285n285,285 285s285285
285p285h285a285285m285& 285N285a285285n285g285
285l285285285c285 285l285u285o285285n285
285l285u285o285285n285 285g285a285285n285
285l285i285e285285n285 285v285285285i285
286h286o286a286286t286 286286o286286n286g286
286t286i286e286286n286 286t286286286i286
286x286e286m286 286x286e286286t286 286c286a286286i286
286t286a286286i286 286t286r286o286n286g286
286q286u286a286286 286t286r286286n286h286
286h286o286a286286t286 286286o286286n286g286.286
286+286Q286u286a286n286 286h286e286286
286286286286c286-286t286a286286i286:286
286286286286c286 286l286a286286 286c286a286286i286
286g286o286286c286,286 286l286a286286 286c286286
286s286286286 286n286e286286n286
286t286a286286n286g286 286286286n286h286
286h286286286286n286g286 286c286h286o286
286t286a286286i286.286 286T286a286286i286
286p286h286a286286t286 286C286T286K286T286
286
286b286a286286o286 286c286a286286o286
286K286T286C286T286K286T286C286T286
286
286286286286286C286T286K286T286
286
286b286a286286o286 286c286a286286o286
286K286T286C286T286K286T286C286T286
286
286,28
62862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862
86286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286
28628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628
62862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862
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28628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628
62862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862
86286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286
28628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628
62862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862
86286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286
28628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628628
62862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862
86286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286286
28728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728
72872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872
87287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287
28728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728
72872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872
87287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287
28728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728
72872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872
87287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287
28728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728728
72872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872872
87287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287287