4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

Coordinates:434930N873600E

rmqi
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

rmqi(Chinese:pinyin:Wlmq,Uyghur:
,ULY:rmchi,UYY:rmqifromOirat"beautiful rmqi
pasture")isthecapitaloftheXinjiangUyghurAutonomous
RegionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina[2]inNorthwest Prefecturelevelcity
China.rmqiwasamajorhubontheSilkRoadduring
China'sTangdynasty,anddevelopeditsreputationasa
leadingculturalandcommercialcenterduringQingdynasty
in19thCentury.

Withanestimatedpopulationof3.5millionin2015,rmqi
isthelargestcityinChina'swesterninterioraswellasin
CentralAsiaintermsofthepopulation.[1]rmqihasseena
hugeeconomicaldevelopmentsincethe1990sandcurrently
servesasaregionaltransportnode,acultural,politicaland
commercialcenter.

Contents
1 History
1.1 Earlyperiod
1.2 Dzungarperiod Fromtop:Apanoramicviewofrmqi'sCBD,Red
1.3 Qingrule Mountain(HongShan),rmqiNightMarketinthe
1.4 Republicanera GrandBazaar,andaviewofTianShanfromrmqi
1.5 People'sRepublicera
1.5.1 July2009riotsandsubsequent
unrest
2 Geography
2.1 Watersupply
2.2 Climate
2.3 Airqualityandpollution
2.4 Timingofsunrise
3 Administrativedivisions
4 Demographics
5 Economy
6 Tourism
7 Educationandscience
7.1 Universities rmqi(red)inXinjiang(orange)
7.2 Highschools
7.3 Researchinstitutes
8 Transportation
8.1 Air
8.2 Rail
8.3 Road
8.4 Metro
8.5 Busrapidtransit rmqi
9 Media

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 1/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

10 Sport
11 Twintownsandsistercities
12 References
12.1 Citations
12.2 Sources
13 Furtherreading
14 Externallinks

History
Earlyperiod LocationofthecitycentreinXinjiang
Coordinates:434930N873600E
Althoughrmqiissituatednearthenorthernrouteofthe Country China
SilkRoad,thepresentcityisarelativelyyoungcity.Itwas
Region Xinjiang
notcalledUrumqiuntilthetimeoftheDzungarKhanate.An
County 8
oldersettlementnamedLuntaiwaslocatednearby,around leveldivisions
10kilometres(6miles)fromthesouthernsuburbofpresent
dayrmqi.LuntaiwassetupbytheTanggovernment Government
duringthe22ndyearofEmperorTaizong'sreign(648AD) CPCCommittee XuHairong
Secretary
intheancienttownseatofUraboaspartoftheProtectorate
Mayor IlhamSabir
GeneraltoPacifytheWestthatcontrolledXinjiang.[3]Itwas
aseatoflocalgovernment,andcollectedtaxesfromthe Area
caravansalongthenorthernrouteoftheSilkRoad.Afterthe Total 14,577km2(5,628sqmi)
TangretreatedfromtheWesternRegions,theregioncame Population(2010census)
underthecontroloftheUyghursoftheKhaganateand Total 3,112,559
Gaochang/Qocho.FromTangtoQingDynasty,therewas Estimate(2015) [1] 3,550,000
littleinformationaboutthermqiarea,andthereappeared Density
tobenopermanentsettlementhereformostofthisperiod. 210/km2(550/sqmi)
TheMongolsreferredtothewiderareaasBishbalikmeaning Timezone Dejure:ChinaStandard
fivecities,referringtothefivetownsthatsurroundedthe (UTC+8)
Defacto:bothChina
presentdayrmqiarea.[4] Standard(UTC+8)and
rmqiTime(UTC+6)
Dzungarperiod
Postalcode 830000
Areacode(s) 991
TheOiratsDzungartribesthatformedtheDzungarKhanate
werethelastmajorpowertocontrolrmqibeforethe Licenseplate A
ManchusgainedcontrolofXinjiang,andtheirlanguagegave prefixes
rmqiitsmoderndayname.IntheMingdynasty,there GDP(2013) CNY240billion
wasarecordofaplaceatJiujiawan5kilometres(3miles)to US$38.63billion
thewestofpresentrmqi,whichmayhavebeenthe GDPpercapita CNY68,691
US$11,057
DzunghartownthatwaslaterdestroyedduringtheQing
ISO31662 CN6501
conquest.TheMongoliansalsousedtheareaasherding
groundinthisperiod.[4]Steppepeopleshadusedthe Website www.urumqi.gov.cn(http://w
ww.urumqi.gov.cn/)
location,thepassbetweentheBogdaShantotheeastandthe (Chinese)
TianShantothewest,connectingtheDzungarBasintothe
northandtheTurpanDepressiontothesouth.
rmqi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 2/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

rmqiremainedasmalltown,andlessimportantthantheoasis
andSilkRoadtradecenterTurpan200km(120mi)tothe
southeast.FightingforthecontrolofDzungarialedtothe
Khoshuuts(nowclassifiedasMongols)leavingrmqifor
QinghaiandTibetinthe1620sand1630s.[5]TheUyghurswere
introducedintothermqiareainthe18thcenturybythe
DzungharswhomovedthemfromthewestTarimregiontobe
taranchisorfarmersinrmqi.[6]

Qingrule
"rmqi"inSimplifiedChinese(top),Traditional
Inthe18thcentury,theQingwenttowaragainsttheDzungar Chinese(middle),andUighurArabic(bottom)
Khanate.rmqiwastakenbytheQingin1755,andthe
characters
DzungarsoftheregionwereeliminatedintheDzungar
genocide.Onewriter,WeiYuan,describedtheresulting Chinesename
desolationinwhatbecamenorthernXinjiangas"anemptyplain SimplifiedChinese
forathousandli,withnotraceofman".Afortwasbuilt(either
in1755or1758dependingonsources),andtheQingthen TraditionalChinese
establishedgarrisonsofManchuandMongolbannermenand Postal Urumtsi
HanChinesetroopsatrmqi.[7]After1759,theQing Literalmeaning "beautifulpasture"(inOirat)
governmentestablishedstatefarmsintheunderpopulatedareas
Transcriptions
aroundUrumqi,wheretherewerefertile,wellwateredland.[8]
TheManchusoldiersalsoconstructedatemplewithredwall StandardMandarin
dedicatedtoGuandionPingdingmountainoverlookingUrumqi, HanyuPinyin Wlmq
whichgaveUrumqiitsnickname,RedTemple.[4]
WadeGiles Wu1lu3mu4ch'i2
TheManchusbegantoconstructawalledcityin1763tothe IPA [lmt]
southofthefirstfort,anditwascompletedin1767.[4]The Yue:Cantonese
QianlongEmperorhadnamedthenewsettlement"Dihua"
(Chinese:pinyin:DhuManchu:Wendedahaburefu), Jyutping wu1lou5muk6cai4
meaning"toenlighten".[9][10]In1771,anothercitynamed Dihua
GongningCheng()wasbuiltnearbytothenorthwestto
Chinese
houseManchubannermen,andthiswouldbecometheseatof
government.[4]Thebannermensettlementtothewestwas Postal Tihwa
commonlyreferredtoasMancheng(,ManchuCity),while Literalmeaning "toenlighten"
DihuatotheeastbecameaHanChinesetowncommonlycalled
Transcriptions
Hancheng(HanCity).[11]Thermqioftheearlyperiodwas
thereforeatwincity,withGongningChengtheadministrative StandardMandarin
centerwhileDihuagrewintoXinjiang'scommercialand HanyuPinyin Dhu
financialcenter.[12] WadeGiles Ti3hua4
ChineseHuiMuslimsfromGansuandShaanxi,HanChinese IPA [txw]
fromalloverChinabegantomoveintoDihua.[13]By1762, Mongolianname
morethan500shopshadalreadybeenopenedbyChinese
MongolianCyrillic
migrantstotheareaofmoderndayrmqi.ThoseQingliterati
whovisitedDihuawereimpressedbyitsculturalsophistication Mongolianscript


andsimilaritytoeasternChina.ThewriterJiXiaolancompared
DihuatoBeijing,inthatbothhadnumerouswineshopswhich Uyghurname

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 3/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

offereddailyperformancesofChinesemusicanddance.[14]The Uyghur
originofHuiinUrumqiisoftenindicatedbythenamesoftheir
Transcriptions
Mosques.[15]
LatinYziqi rmchi
TheBattleofrmqitookplacein1870betweentheTurkic YengiYezi rmqi
MuslimforcesofYaqubBegagainsttheDunganMuslimforces
SASM/GNC rmqi
ofTuoMing(DaudKhalifa).WiththehelpofXuXuegong's
HanChinesemilitia,YaqubBeg'sforcesdefeatedthe SirilYziqi
Dungans.[16][17][18][19]GongningChengwascaptured,itsQing UyghurIPA pronounced[rmti]
administratorkilled,andthecityburnttothegroundand
abandoned.[20]TheQinglaterregainedcontrolofrmqi.In1884,theGuangxuEmperorestablishedXinjiangas
aProvince,withDihuaasitscapital.[21]

Republicanera

AfterthecollapseoftheQingdynasty,Xinjiangwasruledfromrmqibyasuccessionofwarlords:Yang
Zengxin(19111928),JinShuren(19281933),andShengShicai(19331942),finallyZhangZhizhongas
governorofXinjiangin19421949.Ofthese,YangandShengwereconsideredcapablerulers.[22]

DuringtheKumulRebelliontheBattleofrmqi(1933)andtheBattleofrmqi(193334)tookplacebetween
theforcesofMaZhongying's36thDivision(NationalRevolutionaryArmy)andJinShurenandShengShicai's
provincialforces.AtthesecondbattleMawasassistedbytheHanChineseGeneralZhangPeiyuan.

People'sRepublicera

FollowingthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,on1February1954,thecity'snamewasofficially
changedbacktoitsDzungarOiratnamermqi,meaning"beautifulpasture"intheOiratlanguageofthe
Dzungarpeople.[23]

Inthelate1970s,DengXiaopingrelaxedChina'stightcontroloverXinjiang,whichledtoaboomofrmqifrom
thedevelopmentofoilandgasindustryinXinjiang.[24]

NewmosqueswerebuiltinrmqiwithfinancialassistancefromtheChinesegovernment.[25]WhiletheChinese
governmentimplementedstrictrulesonreligioninsouthernXinjiang,thetreatmentoftheUyghursandtheir
religioninrmqiweremorelaxandpermissive.[26]

Thecityhoweversufferedfromaseriesofunrest,InMay1989,unrestinrmqiresultedin150injuries.In
February1997,bombingsinrmqifollowingtheGhuljaincidentresultedin20deathsandscoresofinjuries.[27]

July2009riotsandsubsequentunrest

InthelargesteruptionofethnicviolenceinChinaindecades,majorriotingbrokeoutinJuly2009betweenethnic
HanChineseandUyghurs.TheNewYorkTimesreportercoveringtheriotdescribedtheviolenceas"clasheswith
riotpoliceandUighursrampagingthroughthecityandkillingHancivilians.Then,foratleastthreedays,bandsof
HanvigilantesroamedUrumqi,attackingandkillingUighurs."[28]Beforetheriotbrokeout,youngUighurshad
marchedthroughthecity"toprotestacaseofjudicialdiscrimination".[28]Accordingtoofficialfigures,mostofthe
197killedintheriotwereHan,astatementdisputedbyUighurs.[28][29]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 4/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

Geography
ThelargestcityinwesternChina,rmqihasearnedaplaceintheGuinnessBookofRecordsasthemostremote
cityfromanyseaintheworld.Itisabout2,500kilometres(1,600mi)fromthenearestcoastlineasrmqiisthe
closestmajorcitytotheEurasianpoleofinaccessibility,althoughKaramayandAltay,bothinXinjiang,are
closer.[30]Thecityhasanadministrativeareaof10,989squarekilometres(4,243sqmi)andhasanaverage
elevationof800metres(2,600ft).

Thelocation434052N871952Einthesouthwesternsuburbsofrmqi(rmqiCounty)wasdesignatedby
localgeographyexpertsasthe"centerpointofAsia"in1992,andamonumenttothiseffectwaserectedtherein
the1990s.Thesiteisalocaltouristattraction.[31]

Watersupply

Althoughsurroundedbydeserts(theGurbantnggtinthenorthandtheTaklamakaninthesouth),thermqi
areaisnaturallywateredbyanumberofsmallriversflowingfromthesnowcappedTianShanmountains:the
mainrangeoftheTianShaninsouthofthecity(rmqiCounty),andtheBogdaShaneastofthecity
(DabanchengDistrict).Anetworkofsmallreservoirsandcanalsredistributethewaterthroughouttheextensively
irrigatedareaalongthefoothillsofthemountainranges.

Asthermqiregion'spopulationandeconomyisgrowing,thewaterdemandexceedsthenaturalsupply.To
alleviatewatershortages,theIrtyshrmqiCanalwasconstructedinthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury.The
canal'smaintrunkterminatesinthesocalled"Reservoir500"("500"441200N874900E)inthefar
northeasternsuburbsofthecity(ontheborderofrmqi'ssuburbanMidongDistrictandFukangCity).Anew
industrialarea,calledGanquanbaoIndustrialPark(),orIndustrialNewCity500(500)
wasbeingdevelopedin2009,westofthereservoir,relyingonitforwatersupply.[32][33]Fromthereservoirarea
waterisfurtherdistributedoveranetworkofcanalsthroughoutthelowerMidongDistrict.

Climate

Inrmqiacontinentalsemiaridclimate(KppenclimateclassificationBSk)prevails,withverylargedifferences
betweensummerandwinter,warmsummers,withaJulydailyaverageof23.7C(74.7F),andverycoldwinters,
withaJanuarydailyaverageof12.6C(9.3F).Theannualaveragetemperatureis6.90C(44.4F).Thecityis
semiarid,withitssummersslightlywetterthanitswinters,yetsunnyweatherismuchmorelikelyinthewarmer
months,andrelativehumidityisthelowestduringsummer.Withmonthlypercentpossiblesunshinerangingfrom
30percentinDecemberto70percentinAugustandSeptember,thecityreceives2,523hoursofbrightsunshine
annually.Itsannualprecipitationisabout290millimetres(11.4in).Extremessince1951haverangedfrom
41.5C(43F)on27February1951to42.1C(108F)on1August1973.[34][35]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 5/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

Climatedataforrmqi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Recordhigh 9.9 13.5 23.7 32.5 37.0 40.9 41.0 42.1 37.0 30.5 19.2 15.6 42.1
C(F) (49.8) (56.3) (74.7) (90.5) (98.6) (105.6) (105.8) (107.8) (98.6) (86.9) (66.6) (60.1) (107.8)
Averagehigh 7.4 4.7 2.7 16.1 23.1 27.6 30.1 29.0 23.1 13.2 2.0 4.4 12.5
C(F) (18.7) (23.5) (36.9) (61) (73.6) (81.7) (86.2) (84.2) (73.6) (55.8) (35.6) (24.1) (54.6)
Dailymean 12.6 9.8 1.7 10.0 16.7 21.5 23.7 22.4 16.7 7.7 2.5 9.3 6.9
C(F) (9.3) (14.4) (28.9) (50) (62.1) (70.7) (74.7) (72.3) (62.1) (45.9) (27.5) (15.3) (44.4)
Averagelow 16.6 13.7 5.4 4.8 11.2 16.1 18.2 16.7 11.2 3.1 5.9 12.9 2.2
C(F) (2.1) (7.3) (22.3) (40.6) (52.2) (61) (64.8) (62.1) (52.2) (37.6) (21.4) (8.8) (36.0)
Recordlow 34.1 41.5 33.4 14.9 2.4 4.6 8.8 5.0 5.0 12.4 36.6 38.3 41.5
C(F) (29.4) (42.7) (28.1) (5.2) (27.7) (40.3) (47.8) (41) (23) (9.7) (33.9) (36.9) (42.7)
Average
10.4 10.0 18.5 32.3 38.9 36.2 30.4 23.3 26.2 26.3 19.1 14.6 286.2
precipitation
(0.409) (0.394) (0.728) (1.272) (1.531) (1.425) (1.197) (0.917) (1.031) (1.035) (0.752) (0.575) (11.266)
mm(inches)
Average
precipitation
9.2 7.2 7.2 6.8 6.8 8.0 8.4 6.3 5.0 5.5 6.9 9.6 86.9
days
(0.1mm)
Average
relative
78 77 72 48 43 43 43 41 44 58 74 78 58.3
humidity
(%)
Mean
monthly
101.6 128.8 180.5 248.0 283.3 282.7 298.7 301.0 262.6 224.4 127.4 84.3 2,523.3
sunshine
hours
Percent
possible 35 44 49 62 63 61 64 70 70 66 44 30 57
sunshine
Source:ChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger)

Airqualityandpollution

AccordingtotheNationalEnvironmentalAnalysisreleasedbyTsinghuaUniversityandtheAsianDevelopment
BankinJanuary2013,Urumqiisamongthetoptencitiesintheworldwiththemostairpollution.Accordingto
thisreport,sevenofthesecitiesareinChina,includingTaiyuan,Beijing,Lanzhou,Chongqing,Jinan,and
Shijiazhuang(besidesrmqi).[36]

BlacksmithInstitutementionedUrumqiin2007WorldsWorstPollutedPlacescausedbyairpollutionalongwith
LinfenandLanzhou,allinChina.[37]In2008,TorontoStarlistedrmqiasoneoftheTopTenworstplacesto
liveintheworldduetosulphurouspollution.[38]Heavyhazeisextremelycommoninwinter,whichfrequently
affectsairtraffic.Officialsbelievedthatseverewinterairpollutioninrmqiismainlycausedbyenergyheavy
industriesandtheoutdatedcoalfiringwinterheatingsystem.[39]AccordingtoareportbyDepartmentof
EnvironmentalScienceandEngineeringofFudanUniversity,theaveragePM2.5andTSPconcentrationsinthe
winterof2007were12timeshigherthanUSAstandardforPM2.5and3timestheNationalAmbientAirQuality
StandardofChinaforTSP.[40]Thesulfurdioxidefromindustrialemissionsmixedwiththelocalanthropogenic
aerosolwiththetransportedsoildustfromoutsidethecitywasthemainsourcesofthehighconcentrationof
sulfate,oneofthemainfactorscausingtheheavyairpollutionoverUrumqi.[40]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 6/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

Timingofsunrise

BecauseoftheuseofasingletimezoneforallofChina,inrmqiwhichisatafarwesternlocationinChina,the
sunis2hoursand10minutesbehindChinaStandardTime(CST=UTC+8).DuringearlyJanuarythesundoesnot
riseuntil09:45anditsetsbetween18:45and19:10localtime.InSeptemberandMarchthesunrisesaround
08:00,andsetsaround19:45.However,inJunethesunrisesatabout06:25anddoesnotsetuntil21:45.

Administrativedivisions
rmqicurrentlycomprises8countylevelsubdivisions:7districtsand1county.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 7/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

Map

1.Tianshan
2.Xinshi
3.Toutunhe

2 Midong
3

Shuimogou

Saybagh 1

Dabancheng

rmqi
County

Simplified Hanyu Uyghur UyghurLatin Population Area Density

Name
Chinese Pinyin (UEY) (ULY) (2010)[41] (km2) (/km2)
Cityproper
Tianshan
TinshnQ TiyanshanRayoni 696,277 171 4071.79
District
Shybk
SaybaghDistrict SaybaghRayoni 664,716 422 1575.15
Q
Yngisheher
XinshiDistrict XnshQ 730,307 143 5107.04
Rayoni
Shuimogou Shumgu
ShuymoguRayoni 390,943 92 4249.38
District Q
Suburban
Toutunhe Tudungxaba
TutnhQ 172,796 276 626.07
District Rayoni
Dabancheng Dbnchng Dawanching
40,657 5,188 7.83
District Q Rayoni
MidongDistrict MdngQ MidongRayoni 333,676 3,594 92.84

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 8/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

Rural
Wlmq
rmqiCounty rmchiNahiyisi 83,187 4,332 19.20
Xin

Demographics
rmqihasbeenamultiethniccityfromthetimeoftheQingconquestintheearlyyears,theManchuslivedin
GongningCheng,HanChineseinDihua,andvariousotherethnicgroupssuchastheHui,Uyghursandothersin
thesuburbandistricts.[42]TheMuslimssettledtothesouthofthewalledcityofDihua,andalthoughthewallshave
sincebeendemolished,theMuslimsarestillconcentratedthere.[43]Acensusofin1787showedthattherewere
114,348HuiandHanintheprefecturesofZhenxi(whichincludedBarklandHami)andrmqi.[44]Inrmqi
cityitself,therewere39,000peopleinthe1880s,andbytheearly20thcentury,50,000people.[42]rmqiin1908
wassaidtohavebeeninhabitedbyUyghurs(thencalledTurkis),Chinese,ManchusandafewMongols,withthe
Uyghursestimatedtocompriseaquarterofthepopulation.[45]

InthePeople'sRepublicera,anactiveprogramtoresettleHanpopulationinXinjiangwasinitiated.[46]In1960,
therewere76,496Uyghursand477,321HanChineseinUrumqi.[47]

Accordingtothe2000census,rmqihad2,081,834inhabitants,withapopulationdensityof174.53
inhabitants/km2(452.3inhabitants/sq.mi.).[48]

Inthe2010census,thepopulationwasrecordedas3,112,559.Partoftheincreaseisduetoboundarychanges,for
example,MiquanwasmergedintoMidongDistrictandbecamepartofrmqiin2007.[49]

Populationbyethnicity

2000[48] 2010[50][51]
Ethnicity
Population % Population %
Han 1,567,562 75.30 2,331,654 74.91
Uyghur 266,342 12.79 387,878 12.46
Hui 167,148 8.03 280,186 9.00
Kazakhs 48,772 2.34 68,076 2.19
Manchu 7,682 0.37 8,541 0.27
Mongol 7,252 0.35 10,454 0.34
Xibe 3,674 0.18 4,820 0.15
Russian 2,603 0.13 3,010 0.10
Tu 1,613 0.08 2,869 0.09
Kyrgyz 1,436 0.07 2,207 0.07
Uzbek 1,406 0.07 1,581 0.05
Zhuang 878 0.04
Tatar 767 0.04
Tibetan 665 0.03
Dongxiang 621 0.03 2,333 0.07
Miao 620 0.03
Korean 588 0.03
Other 2,205 0.09 8,950 0.29
Total 2,081,834 3,112,559
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 9/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

Economy
rmqiisamajorindustrialcenterwithinXinjiang.rmqi,together
withKaramayandKorla,accountfor64.5percentofthetotal
industrialoutputofXinjiang.rmqiisalsothelargestconsumer
centerintheregion,recording41.9billionretailsalesofconsumer
goodsin2008,anincreaseof26percentfrom2007.TheGDPper
capitareachedUS$6,222in2008.[52]Accordingtostatistics,Urumqi
ranked7thin2008bythedisposableincomeforurbanresidents
amongcitiesinWesternChina.[53]rmqihasbeenacentral
developmentaltargetfortheChinaWesternDevelopmentprojectthat
theCentralGovernmentispursuing.
OuterRingRoadviaductsinUrumqiat
TheUrumqiForeignEconomicRelationsandTradeFair(Chinese: night
)hasbeenheldannuallysince1991andhasbeenupgradedinto
thefirstChinaEurasiaExpoin2011.Itspurposeistopromotedomesticandforeignmarkets.The17thFairhas
attractedparticipantsfromtheMinistryofCommerceandtheChinaCouncilforPromotionofInternational
Trade.[54]

XinjiangGuanghuiGroup()isthelargestrealestate
enterpriseandmostpowerfulprivatelyownedcompanyinXinjiang
andiscurrentlyengagedinenergyandautomobile.ChinaCITICBank
Mansion(),headquartersofGuanghui,locatedinoneof
theCBDsinNorthXinhuaRoad,isthetallestbuildinginUrumqiand
Xinjiangwithaheightof229metres(751feet),itisalsothetallestin
NorthwesternChinaandCentralAsia.ZhongshanRoad(SunYatsen
Road,Chinese:)hasbeenoneofthetenmostfamous
commercialstreetsinChinasince2005.ZhongshanRoadhasalways
beenthehubofconsumerelectronicsinthecity,withthelargest
computer,mobilephoneandconsumerelectronicsmarketinXinjiang,
BuildingsinUrumqiCBDsnearPeople's includingBaihuacun,CyberDigitalPlazaandFountainPlaza.
Square
AstheeconomiccenterinXinjiang,Urumqihasexpandeditsurban
areasincethe1990s.TheCBDsinthecityincreasedrapidlyallaroundthemajordistricts.Despitetheoldcity
areasbeingprimarilyinthesouth,thedevelopmentinthenorthpartbegansincethelate1980s.Thecompletionof
thenewofficetowerforUrumqiMunicipalGovernmentin2003atNanhuSquare()inNanhuRoad
markedashiftofthecitycentertothenorth.Lackingasubway,thecitycommencedtheconstructionofviaducts
forOuterRingRoad()since2003,whichconsiderablyfacilitatestransport.YouhaoRoad()and
surroundingneighborhood,isthecommercialcenterforbusiness,shoppingandamusement.YouhaoGroup(
),thenamesakelocalenterprise,ownsamajormarketshareofretails.MaisonModeUrumqi(
),opensince2008,becameoneofthefewnotabledepartmentstoresforluxurymerchandiseinthecity.[55]
TheUrumqiEconomicandTechnologicalDevelopmentZone(UETD)locatedinthenorthernToutunheDistrict,
hasbeenaleadingbaseforsteel,machinerymanufacturing,biochemistryandotherindustrialinnovations.

Tourism
GrandBazaar,abazaaronSouthJiefangRoad().
HongShan(RedMountain)isthesymbolofUrumqi,locatedinHongshanPark.
People'sPark,southofHongshanPark.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 10/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

GlacierNo.1(),originofUrumqiRiver,isthelargest
glaciernearamajorcityinChina.
People'sSquare
NanhuSquare()
XinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionMuseum(
),whichwascompletelyrebuiltintheearly2000s.[56]
HeavenlyLakeScenicArea,apopularparkwithsomeofChina's
mostfamousalpinescenery,alittlemorethantwohoursoutside
Urumqi.
ShuimogouHotSprings()islocated5km(3.1mi) People'sSquare
northeastofUrumqi.
XinjiangSilkRoadMuseum()islocatedright
nexttotheGrandBazaaratNo.160ShengliRoad.Itislocatedon
thefourthandfifthfloorofaverylargeEuropeanstylebuilding
whichhousesashoppingcomplexaswell.Mostoftheexhibitshave
EnglishnamesaswellandsomeoftheirguidesspeaksomeEnglish.
rmqiCityMuseum()islocatedatSouthNanhu
Road123(123).
UrumqiTatarMosque()isaluxuriously
furbishedmosquelocatedonJiefangRoad.Themosqueisopento
femaleandmalevisitorsunlikeothermosques.However,permission
musthavebeenobtainedpriortovisitingthemosque.[57] InternationalGrandBazaarXinjiang
ThemonumentattheGeographicalCenterofAsianContinent,in
YongfengTownship,rmqiCounty
XinjiangInternationalGrandBazaarinUrumqiCityTianshanDistrict,whichiscurrentlythecountry's
largestbazaar.ThearchitecturalstyleoftheGrandBazaargrandscaleandveryIslamicstyle,bazaarinside
themarketcharacteristicsofethnicminoritiescommoditydazzling,richandexquisite.InternationalGrand
BazaarinUrumqiinmostethniccustoms,visitorscametoUrumqiplaywillcometosee

Educationandscience
UrumqihasmanyeducationalcampusesincludingXinjiangUniversity,
XinjiangNormalUniversity,XinjiangAgriculturalUniversity,Xinjiang
MedicalUniversityandmanyothers.

Universities

XinjiangUniversity()
XinjiangNormalUniversity()[58]
XinjiangAgriculturalUniversity()
XinjiangUniversityofFinanceand
XinjiangArtsInstitute()
Economics.
XinjiangUniversityofFinanceandEconomics()
rmqiVocationalUniversity()
XinjiangVocationalandTechnicalInstitute()
XinjiangMedicalUniversity()

Highschools

rmqiNo.1HighSchool
BingtuanNo.2MiddleSchool
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 11/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

BayiSeniorHighSchoolofrmqi
No.70SeniorHighSchoolofrmqi
No.8SeniorHighSchoolofrmqi

Researchinstitutes
XinjiangAstronomicalObservatory
TheXingjiangTechnicalInstituteofPhysics&Chemistry.CAS
XingjiangInstituteofEcologyandGeography.CAS

rmqiNo.1HighSchool.
Transportation
Air

rmqiisservedbythermqiDiwopuInternationalAirport.Itisahub
forChinaSouthernAirlines.rmqiDiwopuInternationalAirportisthe
largestairportinXinjiang.

Rail

rmqiisXinjiang'smainrailhubwithtwoprimaryrailwaystations,the
rmqiDiwopuInternational
longstandingrmqiSouthRailwayStation(formerlytheUrumqi
Airport.
RailwayStation)andrmqiRailwayStationopenedinJuly2016.Thea
highspeedraillineconnectsbothstations,runningfromrmqito
Lanzhouwhichhasbeeninoperationsincetheendof2014.

Thecityisservedbyseveralconventionalraillines.rmqiisthewestern
terminusoftheLanzhouXinjiang(Lanxin)andrmqiDzungaria
(Wuzhun)Railway,andtheeasternterminusoftheNorthernXinjiang
(Beijiang)andtheSecondrmqiJingheRailway.TheBeijiangandthe
LanxinLinesformpartoftheTransEurasianContinentalRailway,which
runsfromRotterdamthroughtheAlatawPassontheKazakhstanborderto
rmqiandontoLanzhouandLianyungang.
rmqiSouthRailwayStation.
Road

ChinaNationalHighway216
ChinaNationalHighway312
ChinaNationalHighway314

ManyroadstothenorthandwesttypicallyshutdownbyearlyOctober,remainingcloseduntiltheendofwinter.

Metro

ThermqiMetroisunderconstructionwithplanssubmittedfor7linestotalling211.9kilometres(131.7miles)
inlengthwithanestimatedcostof31.24billionyuan.[59]

Since20March2014Line1hasbeenunderconstructionandisexpectedtoopenin2019.Thelinewillconnect
rmqiDiwopuAirportthroughdowntownrmqiandendattheSouthernLongDistanceBusStation(
)withatotallengthof26.5kilometres(16.5miles)and21stations(16underground,5elevated).[60]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 12/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

Busrapidtransit

ThermqiBRTbusservicewaslaunchedinAugust2011afteraninvestmentof930millionyuaninaneffortto
improveurbantraffic.[61]Therearecurrentlyfourroutesoperated,BRT1,BRT2,BRT3,andBRT5mainlyalong
thenorthtosouthdowntownmajorroads.[62]

Media
TheXinjiangNetworkingTransmissionLimitedoperatestheUrumqiPeople's
BroadcastingStationandtheXinjiangPeopleBroadcastingStation,broadcastinginthe
Mandarin,Uyghur,Kazakh,Mongolian,RussianandtheKyrgyzlanguages.

TheXinjiangTelevisionStation(XJTV),locatedinUrumqi,isthemajorTVbroadcasting
stationintheXinjiangUyghurAutonomousRegion.Thelocaltelevisionstationfor
UrumqicityisUrumqiTelevisionStation(UTV)(). LogoofUrumqi
TelevisionStation,
Sport shapedafterHong
Shan
XinjiangFlyingTigersorGuanghuiFlyingTigersisamajorbasketballteamthatis
partoftheChineseBasketballAssociation,basedinrmqi,Xinjiang.ItscorporatesponsorisXinjiang
GuanghuiGroup
XinjiangTianshanLeopardF.C.isalocalfootballteamintheChinaLeagueOne

ChinastartedabandydevelopmentprogrammebyorganisingeducationaldaysinrmqiinJune2009.[63]

In2015anindoorspeedskatingarenawasopened.[64]

Twintownsandsistercities
rmqiistwinnedwith:

City Region Country

Malaybalay Bukidnon Philippines
SaltLakeCity Utah UnitedStates
Osan Gyeonggi SouthKorea
Peshawar KhyberPakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Dushanbe DistrictsofRepublicanSubordination Tajikistan
Klang[65] Selangor Malaysia
Bishkek ChuyProvince Kyrgyzstan
Almaty Almaty1 Kazakhstan
Chelyabinsk ChelyabinskOblast Russia

Mashhad RazaviKhorasanProvince Iran

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 13/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

^1AlmatyisastatelevelcityofKazakhstan

References
Citations
1."Bulletinfortheeconomicalandsocialdevelopmentin2015".RetrievedMarch16,2016.
2."IlluminatingChina'sProvinces,MunicipalitiesandAutonomousRegions".PRCCentralGovernmentOfficialWebsite.
Retrieved17May2014.
3."Urumqi".Chinatoday.com.cn.1February1954.Retrieved19February2010.
4.PiperRaeGaubatz(31March1996).BeyondtheGreatWall:UrbanFormandTransformationontheChineseFrontiers.
StanfordUniversityPress.pp.7072.ISBN9780804723992.
5.JamesA.Millward(2007).EurasianCrossroads:AHistoryofXinjiang.ColumbiaUniversityPress.p.89.ISBN978
0231139243.
6.JamesA.Millward(2007).EurasianCrossroads:AHistoryofXinjiang.ColumbiaUniversityPress.pp.9293.
ISBN9780231139243.
7.JamesA.Millward(2007).EurasianCrossroads:AHistoryofXinjiang.ColumbiaUniversityPress.p.99.ISBN978
0231139243.
8.Millward(2007),pp.95,104
9.Holdstock,Nick(30May2015).China'sForgottenPeople:Xinjiang,TerrorandtheChineseState.I.B.Tauris.
ISBN9781784531409.
10.Zhao,Gang(January2006)."ReinventingChinaImperialQingIdeologyandtheRiseofModernChineseNational
IdentityintheEarlyTwentiethCentury".32(Number1).SagePublications:25.doi:10.1177/0097700405282349.
JSTOR20062627.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon25March2014.Retrieved17April2014.
11.JeongSuil."Urumqi".TheSilkRoadEncyclopedia.ISBN9781624120763.
12.Millward,JamesA.(1998).BeyondthePass:Economy,Ethnicity,andEmpireinQingXinjiang,17581864.Stanford
UniversityPress.pp.131134.
13.JamesMillward(1June1998).BeyondthePass:Economy,Ethnicity,andEmpireinQingCentralAsia,17591864.
StanfordUniversityPress.pp.133.ISBN9780804797924.
14.Jia,Jianfei(2011)."WhoseXinjiang?TheTransitioninChineseIntellectuals'Imaginationofthe"NewDominion"
DuringtheQingDynasty".HarvardYenchingInstituteWorkingPaperSeries.
15.Millward,JamesA.(1998).BeyondthePass:Economy,Ethnicity,andEmpireinQingCentralAsia,17591864
(illustrateded.).StanfordUniversityPress.p.169.ISBN0804729336.Retrieved24April2014.
16.JamesA.Millward(2007).EurasianCrossroads:ahistoryofXinjiang.NewYork,NY:ColumbiaUniversityPress.
pp.119120.ISBN0231139241.Retrieved28June2010.
17.HodongKim(2004).HolyWarinChina:theMuslimrebellionandstateinChineseCentralAsia,18641877.Stanford,
Calif.:StanfordUniversityPress.p.96.ISBN0804748845.Retrieved28June2010.
18.JohnKingFairbankKwangchingLiuDenisCrispinTwitchett(1980).LateCh'ing,18001911.Cambridge,UK:
CambridgeUniversityPress.pp.223224.ISBN0521220297.Retrieved28June2010.
19.CyrilE.BlackLouisDupreeElizabethEndicottWestEdenNaby(1991).TheModernizationofInnerAsia.M.E.
Sharpe.p.45.ISBN0873327799.Retrieved28November2010.
20.PiperRaeGaubatz(31March1996).BeyondtheGreatWall:UrbanFormandTransformationontheChineseFrontiers.
StanfordUniversityPress.p.72.ISBN9780804723992.
21."OnlineEncyclopdiaBritannica".Britannica.com.31January2007.Retrieved19February2010.
22.Wiener,Calla.S.FrederickStarr,ed.Xinjiang:China'sMuslimBorderland.Routledge.pp.166167.
ISBN9781317451372.
23."TheHistoricalandGeographicalRoleofUrumchi,CapitalofChineseCentralAsia."HeroldJ.Wiens.Annalsofthe
AssociationofAmericanGeographers,Vol.53,No.4(Dec.1963),p.447.
24.Starr,S.Frederick.Xinjiang:China'sMuslimBorderland.Routledge.p.4.ISBN9781317451372.
25.JoanneN.SmithFinley(9September2013).TheArtofSymbolicResistance:UyghurIdentitiesandUyghurHan
RelationsinContemporaryXinjiang.BRILL.pp.238.ISBN9789004256781.
26.JoanneN.SmithFinley(9September2013).TheArtofSymbolicResistance:UyghurIdentitiesandUyghurHan
RelationsinContemporaryXinjiang.BRILL.pp.240.ISBN9789004256781.
27.Gladney,DruC.S.FrederickStarr,ed.Xinjiang:China'sMuslimBorderland.Routledge.pp.379380.
ISBN9781317451372.
28."RumblesontheRimofChina'sEmpire".NewYorkTimes.11July2009.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 14/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

29."China'sGreatGame:Newfrontier,oldfoes".FinancialTimes.14October2015.
30."GoogleMaps".
31."DCP:GeographicCenterofAsia(visit#1)".
32.(http://www.xjass.com/jj/content/200901/13/content_53392_11.htm),
(ApproachestosolvingwatersupplyproblemsforthedevelopmentprojectsintheMidongNewArea)13January2009
33.()(http://www.wxsq.gov.cn/structur
e/zjxq/tzhjnr_1360_1.htm)(HightechzoneGanquanbaoIndustrialParkFactsUrumqiHightechIndustrial
DevelopmentZone(newcity))(Chinese) ,21May2012
34.http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger
35."ExtremeTemperaturesAroundtheWorld".Retrieved1December2010.
36."WEATHER&EXTREMEEVENTS7of10MostAirPollutedCitiesAreinChina".JAN16,2013.
Imaginechina/Corbis.http://news.discovery.com.Retrieved1September2014.
37."THEWORLD'SWORSTPOLLUTEDPLACESTheTopTen(ofTheDirtyThirty)"(PDF).Retrieved18February
2012.
38."WinterinUrumqi,oneoftheworld'smostpollutedcitiesAlisonBate".TheStar.Toronto.31December2008.
Retrieved18February2012.
39."UrumqitoinvestheavilytocutairpollutionPeople'sDailyOnline".Retrieved18February2012.
40.Li,JuanLiGuoshunZhuangaKanHuangaYanfenLinaChangXuaShulongYub(2008)."Characteristicsandsources
ofairborneparticulateinUrumqi,China,theupstreamareaofAsiadust"(PDF).AtmosphericEnvironment.42:776787.
doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.062.Retrieved18February2012.
41."CHINA:rmqi/".CityPopulation.
42.PiperRaeGaubatz(31March1996).BeyondtheGreatWall:UrbanFormandTransformationontheChineseFrontiers.
StanfordUniversityPress.pp.7375.ISBN9780804723992.
43.Toops,StanleyW.S.FrederickStarr,ed.Xinjiang:China'sMuslimBorderland.Routledge.p.244.
ISBN9781317451372.
44.JamesA.Millward(2007).EurasianCrossroads:AHistoryofXinjiang.ColumbiaUniversityPress.pp.306307.
ISBN9780231139243.
45.LouisRichard,M.Kennelly(1908).L.Richard'sComprehensiveGeographyoftheChineseEmpireandDependencies.
p.532.
46.Wiener,Calla.S.FrederickStarr,ed.Xinjiang:China'sMuslimBorderland.Routledge.pp.168169.
ISBN9781317451372.
47.JamesA.Millward(2007).EurasianCrossroads:AHistoryofXinjiang.ColumbiaUniversityPress.p.260.ISBN978
0231139243.
48.20002003/9(ISBN7105054255)
49."WLMQSH(PrefecturelevelCity)".CityPopulation.
50.StanleyW.Toops(August2012).SusanM.Walcott,CoreyJohnson,eds.EurasianCorridorsofInterconnection:From
theSouthChinatotheCaspianSea.Routledge.pp.6566.ISBN9781135078751.
51.(August2012). 2010 .
.ISBN9787503765162.
52."hktdc.comProfilesofChinaProvinces,CitiesandIndustrialParks".Tdctrade.com.Retrieved19February2010.
53."8".
54."17thUrumqiTradeFairopensCCTVInternational".CCTV.com.
55."MAISONMODE".
56.ATALEOFTWOCITIES:NEWMUSEUMSFORYININGANDURUMQI(http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/fe
atures.php?searchterm=003_twomuseums.inc&issue=003).CHINAHERITAGENEWSLETTER,No.3,September2005
57."UrumqiTartarMosqueMosquesinChinamuslim2china.com".
58.XinjiangNormalUniversityofficialwebsite(http://www.xjnu.edu.cn/)
59.20)April2012)."312.4"..Retrieved24October
2012.
60.(14September2012).""..Retrieved24October2012.
61."NWChina'sXinjianglaunchesBRTbusserviceCCTVNewsCNTVEnglish".CNTV.Retrieved17February2012.
62."UrumqiBRT".chinabrt.org.Retrieved17February2012.
63.Chinaonthewayintothebandyfamily(https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Gf8LNSHMc8IJ:www.internation
albandy.com/download.do?ug%3DAdministrator%26f%3DChina%2520on%2520the%2520way%2520into%2520the%252
0Bandy%2520family.doc+altry+xiang+bandy&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESibsk1eA0Ea6KGTzWE_FNhq1Naj
d02L5kKOnBmUgS_J7SF2Koqn_tgL15k1lAfLmPe5DFZJWkONS49X21fGMQOA6qgkEUkPd0h07WMeAvkzyYFUnvu
jTaCD54bB87rEU5ncAJd&sig=AHIEtbTkBxDi70IsFNCXSFFYoMJDzRz1mA&pli=1)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 15/16
4/22/2017 rmqiWikipedia

64."XinjiangIceSportsCenter(CHUQ)RinkSpeedSkatingNews".
65.YiYanjun(2September2014)."TwinTownsandSisterCities(Abroad)".HongShan.Archivedfromtheoriginalon21
December2015.Retrieved21December2015.

Sources
Journalarticle

OwenLattimore.(1973)"ReturntoChina'sNorthernFrontier."TheGeographicalJournal,Vol.139,No.2
(Jun.1973),pp.233242.

Furtherreading
Zang,Xiaowei."Ethnicvariationinnetworkcompositioninrmchi:dostatepoliciesmatter?(http://www.t
andfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01419870.2011.644313#.Usgvo_sSPOs)."EthnicandRacialStudies.2013.
Volume36,Issue1.DOI:10.1080/01419870.2011.644313.p.179198.

Externallinks
rmqiGovernmentofficialwebsite(http://www.urumqi.gov.cn/)
WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoUrumqi.
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=rmqi&oldid=774805178" Wikivoyagehasatravel
guideforrmqi.
Categories: rmqi PopulatedplacesalongtheSilkRoad
CitiesinCentralAsia PopulatedplacesinXinjiang ProvincialcapitalsinChina
1762establishmentsinChina

Thispagewaslastmodifiedon10April2017,at19:39.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.
Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipediaisaregisteredtrademark
oftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi 16/16