THEM. W KELLOGG mae CIVIL-MECHANICAL DEPA 5431 ae | SPECIFICATIONS AND PIPING IECHANICAL DIVISION |=. 1975 DESIGN MANUAL ~ PIPING MECHANICAL Page 1 DESIGN OF PIPE ATTACHME! 1, All attachments to the pipe shell, such as trunnions, clips, lugs, etc., shall be designed so that the pipe shell bending and pressure stresses as outlined in the following paragraphs do not exceed the total allowable. ‘The BENDING STRESS, Sg , in a cylindrical shell is a function of pipe size, pipe thickness, and the induced load per linear inch along the edge of the attachment. It may be evaluated by the following formula: Sp = lav fF Y/R Tn bending stress in pipe shell, psi. Joad induced by attachment, Ibs per linear inch along the edge of the attachment. R= outside radius of pipe shell, inches. t corroded thickness of pipe shell plus the thickness of reinforeing pad (when pad is required), inches. 3. The PRESSURE STRESS, Sp , in a cylindrical shell is a function of pipe size, pipe thickness, internal pressure, and type of loading being con- sidered. For loads producing maximum stress in the shell in the longi- tudinal direction (see Table A, Page 5), the pressure stress is equal to: =PR Sp, BR For loads producing maximum stress in the shell in the circumferential direction (see TABLE A), the pressure stress is equal to: 5 Poot where: P = internal pressure at design condition ‘under consideration, psi. Weeking 4, The TOTAL ALLOWABLE-STRESS, S, is the sum of the BENDING STRESS and PRESSURE STRESS. For the various possible combinations of normaland short time loading conditions, the applicable total allowable stress is given in TABLE B, see Page 6.THE MW. APLLOGG COMPANY : CIVIL-MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 5¢31 SPECIFICATIONS AND PIPING MMEC!ZANICAL DIVISION DESIGN MANUAL -- PIPING MECHANICAL 5. Generally itis desirable to determine the maximum allowable load on the shell, for a given pipe diameter, thickness, and total allowable stress; and design the attachment so that this load will not be exceeded, ‘The spaximum allowable load on the shell may be determined as follows: f= 8B 15/1177 where: fm = saxirnum allowable load, Ibs, per linear inch, total allowable bending stress, psi. (S - Sp) Hor convenience, the maximum allowable load may be determined by use of the ALLOWABLE LOAD CHART, Sp 8. The actual load induced by the clip, lug, trunnion, and etc., Ibs. per linear inch, shall be calculatedd as described in paragraphs 7 thru 12 and according to the formullas of TABLE A, see Page 5. 7. For circular attachments such as pipe trunnions producing bending in the pipe shell, formulas (1), (2), and (3) given in FIGURES VI, VI and VIII (see Page 8), are applicable and shall be used to determine the induced load per linear inch, 1 6. For tug attachments and structural attachments producing bending in the pipe shell, formulas given in FIGURES III and 1V are applicable and shall be used to determine the induced load per linear inch. 8. The load as applied to the shell and reinforcing pad is linear. The size of the weld does not affect the magnitude of the load. For a clip attach- ment as shown in FIGURE I a single line load on the shell is all that should be considered. Where two weld attachments about 4" or more apart as shown in FIGURE II are used then two load lines should be con- sidered, yin. one load line two load lines Aun FIGURE I FIGURE ITTHE M. W. XFLLOGWG COMPANY. CIVIL-MECHANICAL DEP&ATMENT SPECIFICATIONS AND PIPING MECHANICAL DIVISION 5431 DESIGN MANUAL — PIPING MECHANICAL Page 3 of 9 10. The general equation for calculating the linear load on the shell is: f= MC/I or M/Z where: M = moment on attachment, I = linear moment of inertia, in® Z = linear section modulus, in? . C = distance from the center of gravity of attachment to extreme fiber, in. 11, Two basic sections, FIGURES III and IV have been selected from which the linear moment of inertia and section modulus of any compound shape may be determined; - |p ! 1" stl, —-—|.—.L_, T= 93 T= pL? FIGURE UI FIGURE IV 12, An example illustrating the application of FIGURES III and IV to de- termine the linear moment of inertia and section modulus of a compound shape is as follows: GIVEN: SOLUTION: a. Locate the center of gravity of the shape. This is equal to the sum of the moments of each line about the x; -x; axis divided by the total length of each line.13, 14, 16, THEM. 8. Ar LLOGG COMPANY CIVIL -HECHANICAL DEPARTHENT care SPECIFICATIONS ANO PIPING MECHANICAL DIVISION Le DESIGN MANUAL — PIPING MECHANICAL bio. 197: ©) = (DL +1L72)/(b + L) (5x10 + 1072)/(5 + 10) 6.67" b,c =10- 6,67 = 3,33" ¢. Applying the formulas for FIGURES lI and IV to de- termine the linear moment of inertia about the axis xox: 3 = 3.33°/34 6.67944 5(3.33)? = 165.7 in, d. The linear section modulus is then equal to: Z = Wc, = 166,7/6.67 = 25 in? The load per inch will be the moment about axis x-x divided by the linear section modulus. “ f-4o Zz For moments producing bending in the shell in the circumferential di- rectfon, “and for direct axial force, a factor of 1/5 is applied to the load, This application is shown in TABLE A, sce Page 5, For loads caused by thermal expansion an exception is made in that the 1.5 factor is not applied when determining stresses dueto circumferen- tial bending moments. A summary of the factors to be applied to f for different load combinations is given in TABLE A, see Page 5. The stresses due to the attachment load on the shell are considered as local or discontinuous stresses. In as muchas such stresses decrease or a negligable value within 2 short distance from their origin, except for designs involving thermaleffects, the allowable stress value may be increased by 100% at such localized placed on the shell. jowable stresses for different combinations of loading are shown in TABLE B, see Page 6, MATERIAL OF ATTACHMENTS: Attachments made of the same ma- terial as the pipe are usually suitable but often more adequate than necessary. When the attachment material is carbon steel the cost is not too significant. However, when alloy materials are used as struc~ tural attachments, the cost is increased approximately eight times. ‘Therefore, the use of alloy attachments must be limited to where metal temperatures are above 1100°F. Only in cases where the carbon steel attachment proves to be uneco- nomicalor structurally unsound willalloy be permitted as a substitute. Such cases must be brought to the attention of the Mechanical Section for evaluation and approval. -THE M. W. KELLOGG COMPANY. oars CIVIL-MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT. a SPECIFICATIONS AND PIPING MECHANICAL DIVISION S431 DESIGN MANUAL — PIPING MECHANICAL Jan. 1975; Page 5 of 9 == TABLE C, see Page 7, indicates the temperature limits of the various piping materials and the attachment material suitable for the various temperature conditions. TESA] voans Fon cxovtanmic LocaLx22p sexprne smResses (OTS [ryPE OF LOADING] LOAD, f£, for ealcwaving stress | g Load DUE 50 LOAD DUE 70 s SUSTAINED ‘THERMAL (1) 2 2FFEOTS EXPANSION DIY 8 ‘weight, rind, ete) x fat ive fy x X [fee G15 [f= feed ste x [f+ lst [ey = 265t4 x f_ = 1e5fe [ree ¢, x] x [ep = 165(te4 fa) [te = ter. L5(fat fa)[fe = ferle5te | (2) ” » ” hg . load due to longitudinal bending, Ibs per linear inch. load due to circumferential bending, Ibs per linear inch. load due to direct force, Ibs per linear inch. f, = load due to resultant of moments in longitudinal and circumferential directions, Ibs per linear inch. © fttete f, = load producing maximum stress in the shell in the longitudinal direc- tion, Ibs per linear inch. load producing maximum stress in the shell in the circumferential direction, Ibs per linear inch. ty NOTES: (1) Thermal loads maybe either plus or minus, but shall be added to other loads numerically, disregarding sign, to give maxi- mum absolute value, (2) The resultant load shallnot be usedif f, is equal to or greater than 3fcor f¢ is equal to or greater than 2f,. In this case the stresses due to longitudinal bending and circumferential bending shall be considered separately, the maximum value controlling.431 Page 6 of 9 tT. THE M. W. KELLOG®: COMPANY, CIVIL-MECHAWICAL DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATIONS AND PIPING I#ECHANICAL DIVISION DESIGN MANUAL — PIPING MECHANICAL TOTAL ALLOWABLE STRESSES NORMAL SHORE TIME &| le a] | | |e 2 pestaw lelels al (S sora conoitions = | 8") B\ le ALLOWABLE & g wie STRESS Pa S/2/2|3 "s" (1) B/B | |8 B/a/4/s BiB lg EIBIEIEl oe SB la/8) jelg|Glele afe|8/e| |E/E|8/8/4 Elegie} JEIEIBIE/E NORMAL OPERATING 7-0-0 [0 2Sy O]o]0, Uy oO [0 0 SHORT TIME OPERATING oo 2.668y 0 0 0 0 0/0 NORMAL OPER. + - ~ —_ THERMAL NORMAL THERMAL ONLY] 0 T 7 Te 258er1255q Oo joToyo To oTo 0 0 o vy oO ~ 0 SHORT TIME OPERATING | 0] 0 0 i 0 WITH THERMAL DoT o v 1.66 (SytSe) o O10 o Ol;ofvso EST 0 é NOTES: 1. 2. Sy = basic allowable stress at design metal temperature, psi. Sc = basic allowable stress at atmospheric temperature, psi. THE TOTAL ALLOWABLE STRESS SHALL NOT EXCEED 30,000 PSI. NOT THE LOAD, BUT CONSIDERED FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF Sy. INTERNAL PRESSURE (INTERNAL LOAD) .TABLEC PIPE THEM. W. KELLOGG COMPANY CIVIL-MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT. SPECIFICATIONS AND PIPING MECHANICAL DIVISION DESIGN MANUAL — PIPING MECHANICAL ATTACHMENT MATERIALS 5431 Page 7 of 9 451° to 1500" 7 PIPE MATERIAL | TEMPERATURE | ATTACHMENT (nominal) LIMITS (°F) MATERIAL NOTES CARBON STEEL -20° to1100° | CARBONSTEEL | (1) (5) CARBON-MOLY | xr - {mo -20° to 1100° CARBON STEEL (2) (5) jer - }mo ler - dno -20 to 1100° CARBON STEEL 1) (4) (5) 2kr - Imo ~ Ser - dno 1100 to 1200° SAME AS PIPE (1) (4) -20° to 450° CARBON STEEL @) (5) 18cr - 8ni SAME AS PIPE (1) (2) (3) (5) NOTES: (1) Applicable to attachments which are welded to the pipe. (2) Carbon steel may be used up to 1100° if not welded to the pipe. (3) Carbon steel may be used above 450° if approved by piping Mechanical. (4) In cases where carbon steel cannot be used economically, alloy steel may be substituted, if approved by the Mechani- cal Section. (5) Circular attachments (trunnions) shall be used for tempera- tures above 750°. ALLOY MATERIAL - Nominal analysis and ASTM specifications, (seamless, ‘NOMINAL, | ASTM GRADE OR ANALYSIS spec SYMBOL CARBON-MOLY A335 Pl Hocr-¥omo A835 P2 1%cr-¥omo A335 P12 1¥cr-¥omo A335 Pll 2%cr-Fomo A335 P3b 2focr-1%mo ‘A335 P22 3%cr-1%mo A335 P21 S%ocr- A335 P5 T%cr-Homno A335 P7 Mecr-1%mo ‘A335 Pg 18%cr-8%ni A312 TP304THEM. W. KELLOGG COMPANY 5431 CIVIL-MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATIONS AND PIPING MECHANICAL DIVISION Page 8 of 9 DESIGN MANUAL ~ PIPING MECHANICAL LOADING DUE 70 LONGITUDINAL BENDING fp*Mfrr?, lbs per inch. (2) M+ longitudinal bending moment: *F x L, in lbs. pM ostes RM Sy te S$, t® M,.- See FIGURE VI wR DSTZA VR LOADING DUE TO CIRCUMFERENTIAL BEND: foe Ue/rz*, lbs per inch.] (2) Mc # cdrcunferential bending moment =F xL, in lbs. oe ER o.s124 FRM rer me Yi Se t% 0.3724 1R_ FIGURE VII LOADING DUE 10 AXIAL FORGE f{, = P/2mr, lbs per inch. (3) P = direct axial foree, Ibs. FIGURE VIIT R = outside radius of pipe shell, inches. Pr * outside radius of trunnion, inches. F = force on trunnion inducing longitudinal or circumferential bending on pipe shell, Ibs, = moment arm of force F, inches, t = thickness of pipe or pipe plus pad inches. M= moment, inch-pounds.THE M. W. KELLOGG COMPANY ae CIVIL~MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT. 3431 basins SPECIFICATIONS AND PIPING MECHANICAL DIVISION DESIGN MANUAL ~ PIPING MECHANICAL Page © of 9 Jan. 1975 RICAL PIPE ATTACHMENTS uz puer | rei Pree PLUs Bain Fuser WELD CASE I CASE U ircumferential Bending io fhe 75f Vee oe CASE DI Axial Load I hie Se aps f VRE noe NOMENCLATURE ““W = Axial Load Applied (Ibs. ) Droge ae = Moment Applied (in. Ibs.) Rad. of Trunnion (outside)-(in, ) Rad. of Pipe (outside) (in. ) Load per inch Internal Pressure-Operating (PSI) Corroded Thk. including reinf. pad (in.) Rt (2" min.) Bending Stress (PSI)