International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-1, Issue-2, November 2014
Design Of Waste Stabilization Pond For Sewage
Treatment At Nigerian Defence Academy Staff
Quarters, Permanent Site Mando Kaduna
I Abdullahi, I Nasiru, A Saminu, L Sagir, E Charity
Abstract Waste treatment is normally by two main methods
which are mechanical and natural. Mechanical method of
treating wastes comprises of sanitary sewer system, aerated
lagoons with mechanical aerator, this poses problem due to non
availability of electricity to power the machine constantly and
mechanical defect that hinders smooth operation. There is also
cost of chemical to treat the sewage. Natural method has proven
to be more effective and less expensive. This made the natural
method to be adopted as a major method for treating wastes in
many countries. This methods involves the use of ponds. These
are large shallow basins enclosed by earthen embankment in
which raw sewage is treated by entirely natural process
involving both algae and bacteria. Wastes are usually treated by
supplying them with oxygen so that bacteria can utilize the
waste as food.
Index Terms Waste treatment, Mechanical method of
treating wastes, WSPs.
I. INTRODUCTION
Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are large, shallow basins
in which raw sewage is treated entirely by natural processes
involving both algae and bacteria. They are used for sewage
treatment in temperate and tropical climates, and represent
one of the most cost-effective, reliable and easily-operated
methods for treating domestic and industrial wastewater.
Waste stabilization ponds are very effective in the removal of
faecal coli form bacteria. Sunlight energy is the only
requirement for its operation. Further, it requires minimum
supervision for daily operation, by simply cleaning the outlets
and inlet works. The temperature and duration of sunlight in
tropical countries offer an excellent opportunity for high
efficiency and satisfactory performance for this type of
water-cleaning system. They are well-suited for low-income
tropical countries where conventional wastewater treatment
cannot be achieved due to the lack of a reliable energy source.
Further, the advantage of these systems, in terms of removal
of pathogens, is one of the most important reasons for its use.
Manuscript received November 15, 2014.
I Abdullahi, Department of Civil Engineering Nigerian Defence
Academy, Kaduna
I Nasiru, Department of Civil Engineering Nigerian Defence
Academy, Kaduna
A Saminu, Department of Civil Engineering Nigerian Defence
Academy, Kaduna
L Sagir, Department of Civil Engineering Nigerian Defence Academy,
Kaduna
E Charity, Department of Civil Engineering Nigerian Defence
Academy, Kaduna
9 www.ijeas.org
WSP systems comprise a single string of anaerobic,
facultative and maturation ponds in series, or several such
series in parallel. In essence, anaerobic and facultative ponds
are designed for removal of Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD), and maturation ponds for pathogen removal, although
some BOD removal also occurs in maturation ponds and
some pathogen removal in anaerobic and facultative ponds
(UNEP). In most cases, only anaerobic and facultative ponds
will be needed for BOD removal when the effluent is to be
used for restricted crop irrigation and fish pond fertilization,
as well as when weak sewage is to be treated prior to its
discharge to surface waters. Maturation ponds are only
required when the effluent is to be used for unrestricted
irrigation, thereby having to comply with the WHO guideline
of >1000 faecal coli form bacteria/100 ml. The WSP does not
require mechanical mixing, needing only sunlight to supply
most of its oxygenation. Its performance may be measured in
terms of its removal of BOD and faecal coli form bacteria.
A. Processes in Waste Stabilization Ponds
B. Anaerobic ponds
Anaerobic ponds are commonly 2 5 m deep and receive
wastewater with3 high organic loads (i.e., usually greater than
100 g BOD/m .day, equivalent to more than 3000 kg/ha.day
for a depth of 3 m). They normally do not contain dissolved
oxygen or algae. In anaerobic ponds, BOD removal is
achieved by sedimentation of solids, and subsequent
anaerobic digestion in the resulting sludge. The process ofo
anaerobic digestion is more intense at temperatures above 15
C. The anaerobic bacteria are usually sensitive to pH <6.2.
Thus, acidic wastewater must be neutralized prior to its
treatment in anaerobic ponds. A properly-designed anaerobic
o
pond will achieve about
o a 40% removal of BOD at 10 C, and
more than 60% at 20 C. A shorter retention time of 1.0 - 1.5
days is commonly used.
C. Facultative ponds
Facultative ponds (1-2 m deep) are of two types: Primary
facultative ponds that receive raw wastewater, and secondary
facultative ponds that receive particle-free wastewater
(usually from anaerobic ponds, septic tanks, primary
facultative ponds, and shallow sewerage systems). The
process of oxidation of organic matter by aerobic bacteria is
usually dominant in primary facultative ponds or secondary
facultative ponds.
The processes in anaerobic and secondary facultative ponds
occur simultaneously in primary facultative ponds. It is
estimated that about 30% of the influent BOD leaves the
Design Of Waste Stabilization Pond For Sewage Treatment At Nigerian Defence Academy Staff Quarters, Permanent
Site Mando Kaduna
primary facultative pond in the form of methane (UNEP). A
high proportion of the BOD that does not leave the pond as
methane ends up in algae. This process requires more time,
more land area, and possibly 2 -3 weeks water retention time,
rather than 2 -3 days in the anaerobic pond. In the secondary
facultative pond (and the upper layers of primary facultative
ponds), sewage BOD is converted into Algal BOD, and has
implications for effluent quality requirements. About 70
90% of the BOD of the final effluent from a series of
well-designed WSPs is related to the algae they contain.
D. The study area
The permanent site staff quarters for Nigerian Defence
Academy is the study area which comprises of
a. Officers quarters
b. Soldiers quarters
Estimated population obtained is 312 persons.
The British code of practice 302:1972 recommends a
central waste plant for population above three
Hundred (300) people. This necessitates the need
1.
for sewage treatment plant in Nigerian Defence
Academy permanent site since there is no provision
for it in the NDA master plan.
E. Effluent Disposal
1. The Maturation pond effluent could be discharged safety
into the receiving river, which is being used for various
purposes by the community.
2. Surface water discharge is the most common method 2. of
effluent disposal; there are other disposal methods such as
land disposal which result into ground water recharge and
sometimes crops irrigation or recirculation for industrial
cooling system and on rare occasions consumptions which
follows a thorough treatment.
3. The ponds effluent will be discharge into the existing
stream which is a tributary to river Rigasa.
a) Pond Dislodging
1. Sludge is the concentration of settle able and suspended
solid contents of the sewage which settle down to the bottom
of the pond. It is the undesirable product of the sedimentation
process in either water or sewage treatment. Dislodging is
required whenever the pond is half-full of sludge. Sludge
accumulation rate is greater in the first pond that receives the
sewage than the subsequent ponds. In this case the sludge in
the facultative ponds is greater than in the maturation ponds.
This is because a considerable amount of the settle able and
suspended solids settle down in the preceding facultative
pond before coming into the maturation pond which in turn
removes the remaining solids.
That is the reason why the number of years required before
dislodging maturation pond is longer than facultative pond.
The rate of sludge accumulation is approximately 0.003
0.04m3/hd year and dislodging is required when the pond is
half-full of sludge. This occurs every n-year where n is given
by:
n = (pond volume, m3)
(Sludge accumulation rate m3/hd.yr) x population (p)
10
For design purpose the rate of sludge accumulation may be
estimated as 0.0m3/hd.yr
Q = 179.m3/d
P = 468
t=1d
:. n = ( 179.71 1 )
0.04 x 468
= 4.79
= 5 years
Operational result have shown that dislodging intervals in
years (n) for anaerobic ponds is usually 7 10 years, and
maturation ponds take a very long time before dislodging if
there will be any
As anaerobic ponds are exempted in the treatment the
facultative pond should be dislodged as five (5) years interval
while for the maturation pond 7 10 years if there will be any.
F. Sludge Handling
Sludge treatment and disposal is important in waste
water treatment work, because it comprises of solids with
water and also harbor pathogenic organism which render it
hygienically unsafe. Sludge decomposes rapidly because it
serves as food for the living organisms in it. However, the
problems encountered in sludge handling may be overcomes
with the use of adequate treatment and disposal methods. For
this project the sludge treatment method adopted will be
sludge digester and sludge drying beds.
sludge digestion is an anaerobic fermentation
process which enables the sludge drying bed area to be used to
reduced by as much as two-third (2/3) and also has the
additional benefits of producing combustible gases which can
be used for power. While in sludge drying bed process a layer
of wet sludge 20 to 25cm thick is spread over a drainage layer
of aches. Water is removed partly by evaporation and partly
by drainage when the sludge has dried well it is expected to be
use on the polytechnic farm as manure.
II. LITERATURE
A. Design Tools and Rapidly-Developing Technology
Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) and Constructed
Wetlands (CW) have proven to be effective alternatives for
treating wastewater, and the construction of low
energy-consuming ecosystems that use natural processes, in
contrast to complex high-maintenance treatment systems, will
hopefully lead to more ecologically-sustainable wastewater
treatment in the future. CWs and WSPs also have the
capability of meeting the demand for a high percentage
removal of pathogenic organisms, compared to conventional
technologies. CWs and WSPs combined, and joined with
other technologies, may be important for even more improved
performance of water cleaning systems. WSPs and CWs are
now well-established methods for wastewater treatment in
tropical climates. Their many advantages include: simplicity,
low cost, low maintenance, low energy consumption,
robustness, and sustainability. While WSPs are most
commonly used for treating domestic wastewaters, they are
also successfully used for treating industrial wastewater,
including water that contains agro-industrial wastes. One of
the potential advantages of using constructed wetlands is that
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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-1, Issue-2, November 2014
they do not allow mosquitoes to breed (sub-surface flow
wetland). The process of designing WSPs and wetlands, and
predicting their performance, is improving rapidly as we gain
more experience with these systems.
Many countries in tropical climates use WSPs for wastewater
treatment (e.g., Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, Zambia,
Botswana, and Zimbabwe). Many of these systems have been
performing below the required standards, due to lack of
proper operation and maintenance (Design manual, 1998).
Constructed wetlands have not yet received the deserved
attention as an alternative method for wastewater treatment.
Waste stabilization Ponds(WSP) designers come from many
different backgrounds or disciplines, including civil
engineering, environmental engineering, microbiology,
chemical engineering, soil science, or natural resources
management. Many of the WSP design tools and models have
been adopted from countries with temperate climates. Thus,
not all models can be transferred and used in tropical climate
countries. For example, the hydrology and climate in tropical
African is significantly different to that of most States in the
United States or Europe. Nutrient removal in these countries
has a high priority, whereas the removal of pathogenic
organisms has a high priority in tropical countries. Most
empirical model or design tools developed and used on-site 1. or
regionally-specific WSPs or Constructed Wetlands (CWs)
data. Different characteristics, in terms of climate and
hydrology, can lead to problems when models are transferred
without appropriate modification for local conditions. 2.
Further, using simple tools or rule of thumb methods, in lieu
of appropriate design techniques, often results in
malfunctions or a reduced efficiency in the effect of WSPs3.
and CWs.
The objectives of this waste stabilization and constructed
wetland manual are as follows:
To provide WSP and CW designers, builders and operators 4.
with appropriate information to develop, implement and
operate WSP and CW for a range of applications and design
objectives; 5.
To provide standard systems approach that can be adopted
universally, and which can accommodate a development
technology, with changes in information concepts and 6. ideas
with time;
Provide theoretical background on the biological, chemical
and physical processes of WSPs and CWs, the current state of
the technology and technical knowledge on how to design, 7.
operate and maintain the systems; and
Provide theoretical knowledge on how the models can be
used in the best manner to describe the systems.
III. METHODOLOGY
The basic design criteria for waste stabilization pond are:-
1. Sewage flow rate
2. Temperature
3. Retention time
4. Influent
5. Effluent standard required
When these criteria are properly established the size types and
number of ponds required can be determined.
11
Sewage flow rate: This is based on eighty percent of
120L/C/d water consumption as stipulated by the National
subcommittee on water supply and sanitation for urban areas.
Temperature: The mean monthly ambient air temperature of
the coldest month is 00C. 230C is the design temperature
suitable for tropical countries.
Retention time: This is the time required for the sewage
BOD5 strength to reduce to the desired strength. It is usually
minimum seven (7) days.
Influent concentration: this is determined in the laboratory
analysis. The result of the test shows that the BOD5 is
400mg/L which is medium strength. This is as a result that
only domestic waste is being discharge and waste stabilization
pond can handle sewage of this strength. Therefore the use of
anaerobic pond is not necessary since they are meant to
receive very high strength organic sewage.
Effluent standard required: Effluent standard adopted by (D
Mara, 1972) is 50 70 mg/l BOD5 for facultative pond and
less than 25mg/L for maturation pond.
Field experience in Africa has shown that an average of
60mg/L is adopted for facultative pond effluent.
A. DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Health: pathogenic organisms should not be
spread either by direct contact with the night soil or sewage or
indirectly or indirectly via soil, water or food. The treatment
chosen should achieve a high degree of pathogen destruction.
Reuse: The treatment process should yield a
safe product for reuse preferably aqua culture and agro
forestry.
Ecological: In this case (which is exceptional)
when the wastes cannot be reused the discharge of effluent
into surface water should not exceed the self purification
capacity of the recipient water.
Nuisance: The degree of odor released must be
below the nuisance threshold. No part of the system should
become anesthetically offensive.
Cultural: the methods choose for waste
collection, treatment and reuse should be compatible with
local habits, social and religious practice.
Operation: the skills required for the routine
operation and maintenance of the system components must be
available locally or are such that they can be acquired with
only minimum training.
Costs: Capital and running costs must not
exceed the commoditys ability to pay. The financial return
from re-use schemes is an important factor in this regard.
B. DESIGN PRELIMIRIES
1. Population = 312 persons
2. Add 1.3 factor of safety = 156 persons
3. Design population = 468 persons
4. Water consumption = 120L/c/d = 56, 160 L/d
5. Sewage 80% of water consumption) 44, 928.00L/d
6. DWF = 44.928m3/d
7. Peak DWF ( 4 DWF) = 179.712m3/d
8. Li = 400mg/L
9. Le = 60mg/L
10. T = 23 0C
11. t*mat (Minimum of) = 7 days
12. Pond depth facultative = 1.5m
13. Pond depth maturation = 1.5m
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Design Of Waste Stabilization Pond For Sewage Treatment At Nigerian Defence Academy Staff Quarters, Permanent
Site Mando Kaduna

C. MINIMUM EFFLUENT STANDARDS ADOPTED

(MARA D.B. 1972) Hence the Design is satisfactory.
1. Final BOD5 to achieve < 25mg/L Applying the length to breadth ratio 2:1
2. FC < 5000FC/100ml (Restricted Length twice width If width = w then length =2w
Agriculture) Area =L x width = 2w x w= 2w2
3. Algal < 105 cell/ml : 2w2 = 1954.6m2
4. SS < 30mg/l
5. PV < 15MG/L W2 = 1954. 36 =977.
6. PH 5.5- 8.5 W=977
7. Ni 4x107 FC/100ml = 31.26 32m
8. Ne 500FC/100ml But L = 2w
= 2 x 31.26 = 62. 52 63m
D. DESIGN EQUATIONS
The method adopted for project is first order kinetics and The surface to bottom ratio using 1:3
McGarry and pescod formulae for check.

Surface L = 63 +3 x 1.5 = 67.5 68m

W =32 + 3 x 1.5 = 36.5 37m

Bottom L =63 3 x 1.5 =58 . 5 59m

W =32 3 x1.5 =27 .5 25m

Depth is 1. 5m allow 0. 5m for free board.

E. DESIGN OF FACULTATIVE PONDS 3. Surface BOD

1. The sewage is domestic wholly with strength of The loading rate of the pond is given in kg BOD/ha.d by
400mg/l BOD5 and the flow rate is less than 10,000m3/d, eqn. 3.4.4
therefore preliminary treatment (Anaerobic) is not required Asp = 20T 120
(Mara, D.D. 1980). The pond receives raw sewage from the 20(23) 120
residential building. In order to maintain the pond content = 340kg BOD/ha.d
4.
predominantly aerobic (rather than predominantly anaerobic) Detention time facultative pond is obtained from eqn.3. 4.8 as
Le for the pond is 60mg/dpond depth is 1.5m.
2. The Surface Area of the facultative pond is given by Tfac = AD = 1954.6 x 1.5
eqn.3.4.1 Q 179.712 = 16.31 days
A= Q ( Li Le ) 5. Pond Efficiency
18D (1.05)T- 20 The pond BOD removal efficiency (P.E.) is obtained from
eqn.3.4.5
= 179.712 (4 X 10-4 6 X10-5) P.E. Li Le
18 X 1.5 (1.05)23 - 20 Li X 100
= 4 x 10-4 6 x 10-5 x 100
= 1.9546 X10-3 h. a or1954. 6m2 4 x 10-4
= 85%
Check from McGarry and pescod procedure eqn. 3.4.2
F. DESIGN OF MATURATION POND
Li Q 1. It has been established that in order to produced an
2T- 12 effluent with BOD 25mg/l or less and FC less than 5000
FC/100ml, a maturation pond have to be constructed to
= 4 x 10-4 x179. 712 receive effluent from facultative pond. For the maturation to
2(23o ) 12 effectively behave as aerobic pond the Li (i.e. the facultative
= 2.114 x 10-3 h.a or 2114.23m2 pond Le) has to be in the range of 50 70mg/l (Mara, D.D.
Thus 1954.6m2 <2114.23m2 1980). This 60mg/l le of facultative pond is suitable for the
maturation pond.

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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-1, Issue-2, November 2014
The pond area is from An embankment slope of 1:3 is usually satisfactory in most
eqn.3.4.3 soil conditions. If steeper slopes are used, their stability
A = Qt = 179.712 x 7 should be established by standard soil mechanics procedures.
D 1.5 The plain-in-situ concrete stop vegetation growth down the
= 838.66m2 = 840m2 banks and so prevent the breeding of mosquitoes and makes
Applying length to width ratio 2:1 maintenance easier.
Length = 40.95m, width = 20.49m
Surface to bottom ratio 1:3 surface, L = 45.46 and width =
24.98 and bottom L = 36.36, width = 15.98. IV. CONCLUSION
For easy construction used: 1. Sewage is a friend as well as an enemy. It is friend if
Surface L = 46m and width = 25m properly handled, and an enemy if not handled properly.
Bottom: L = 36m and width = 16 Looking at the used of the effluent from the treatment plan its
Depth is 1.5 allow 0.5 for free board worth handling properly. As a matter of fact sewage is
2. Detention Time Maturation Pond from Eqn 3.4.8 expensive but it is worth having, as helps in reducing water
Tmat = AD = 840 x 1.5 = 7 days borne, water washed, water bases and water related diseases.
Q 179.712 2. More so, the choice of waste stabilization pond for
the treatment of the sewage from the staff quarters is not
3. Faecal Bacteria Die Off in stabilization Ponds unconnected with its advantage over other biological
In a similar way to BOD reduction that is by first-order kinetic treatment processes. The good deal to be said in it favour from
formula spelt-out in equ. 3.4.7 the view point of the factors affecting the choice of treatment
Kb = 2.6 (1.19)T 20 method and the satisfactory climatic conditions of the area of
= 2.6 (1.19)23 20 the location of the staff quarters is suitable for its adoptability.
= 4.38 3. Also, the comparatively low constructional and
Therefore to check whether two maturation pond with a operating cost, simplicity and high treatment efficiency, of the
retention time of 7 days each can achieve the desire degree of stabilization pond, have render it undoubtedly the most
bacteria removal; from eqn. 3.4.6 widely applicable and advantageous method of sewage
Where treatment especially in hot climate where the ambient
N1 = 4 x 107 Fc/ml temperature is an advantage. The most disadvantages are that
Ne = N they require large area of land than other treatment methods.
(1 + kbtfac) (1 + kbtmat)2 4. To make the environment a better place to live in,
high sanitary conditions should be maintained. This help
= 4 x 107 immensely in keeping the enemies - the mentioned diseases in
(1 + 4.38 x 16.31) ( 1 + 4.38 x 14) 1 away from the inhabitants.
= 134.51FC /100ml

:. 134.51 < 5000 FC/100ml effluent standard aimed at which REFERENCES

implies that the design is satisfactory.
The facultative pond will be provided with two maturation 1.
ponds of the calculated dimensions in series
The ponds are to trapezoidal in section and rectangular in
plan. The length to breath ration of 2:1 is adopted for stability
purpose. 2.
G. POND FACILITY DESIGN
4. Pond Geometry 3.
The hydraulic characteristics of rectangular and trapezoidal
section ponds have been found to be superior to those of
square, circular ponds and those with irregular geometry.4.
Length to breath ration of 2:1 is adopted for stability.
5. in
The ponds are to be trapezoidal in section and rectangular
plan.
5. Pond Base and Embankment
The bottom of the pond should be impermeable, although the
sludge layer is expected to seal up small pores in the soil.
Sealing of the base is necessary to prevent ground water
pollution. Therefore plain in-situ concrete is adopted for the
ponds base, sides and on top of embankment to protect it from
erosion.
Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics
Sandy Cairn across and Richard G. Feachem. Published by
John Wiley & Sons Chic ester New York Toronto
Singapore. FEB 1990 page 159 - 165
Sewage treatment in Hot climate john Wiley,
MADA, B. D (1980) (pg.3 7; 30 31; 35; 67 93 ; 142
151 )
Public Health Engineering Practice Fourth Edition
Vol. ll Sewage and Sewage Disposal ( L. B Escritt published
by Mac Donald and Evans 1972.
Waste water treatment and disposal HND Lecture
note Kaduna Polytechnic.
Waste water treatment and disposal PGDCE
Lecture note Bayero University Kano.
6. Design Manual on Waste Stabilization Ponds and
Constructed Wetlands.
Joint publication by UNEP-IETC with the Danish
International Development Agency (Danida).

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Design Of Waste Stabilization Pond For Sewage Treatment At Nigerian Defence Academy Staff Quarters, Permanent
Site Mando Kaduna

APPENDIX 1
BILL NR. 1; CONSTRUCTION OF FACULTATIVE POND
DIMENSIONS;
- Surface Length 68m and width 37m
- Bottom: Length 59m and width 28m
- Depth 1.5m
Location: Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna
Items Description Unit Qty Rate Amount
N k

1.01 EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORK

Clear site of all bush, shrub grasses and all M3
trees, roots, anthills and cart to spoil. Ave. 9000 40 360,000:00
1.02 015m deep
Excavate any material in cutting of pond pit to M3
form trapezoidal shape andkeep for re-use as 3315 350 1,160,250
1.03 embankment filling materials
Heap, shape and compact excavated material
1.04 around pond to form an embankment, slop 1:3. M3 416,250:00
Remove surplus excavated materials away from 1650 250
1.05 site
CONCRETE WORK M3 280,500:00
Provide, mix, spread, shape and compact plain 1650 170
in-situ concrete, B.S. 5328, ordinary mix C15P,
40mm aggregate on internal surfaces of pond M3 2,895,000:00
and embankment shoulder 193 15,000 5,112,000:00

APPENDIX 2
BILL NR2; CONSTRUCTION OF 2 NUMBER MATURATION POND
DIMENSIONS
- Surface: Length 46m and width 25m
- Bottom: Length 36m and width 16m
- Depth 1;5m
Location: Nigerian Defence Academy new site Mondo Kaduna
Items Description Unit Qty Rate Amount
N k

2.01 EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORK

Excavate any material in cutting of pond pit to M3
form trapezoidal shape and keep for re-use as 1415 355
embankment filling materials 495,250:00
Heap, shape and compact excavated
2.02 materials around pond to form an embankment, M3 1155 250
slope 1:3 288,750:00
Remove surplus excavated materials away from M3 260 170
site 44,200:00
CONCRETE WORK
Provide, mix, spread, shape and compact plain M3 89 15,000 1,335,000:00
3.03 in-situ concrete, B.S. 5328, ordinary prescribed
mix C15P, 40mm aggregate on internal 2,163,200:00
surfaces of pond and embankment shoulder 4,326,400:00
Cost of construction of 2 Nr Maturation ponds
2.04 to summary
2.05

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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-1, Issue-2, November 2014
APPENDIX 3
BILL NR 3; CONSTRUCTION OF BLOCKWORK FENCE AND PIPE WORKS
DIMENTIONS:
-Surface: Length 455m
Location: Nigerian Defence Academy New site Mondo Kaduna
Items Description Unit Qty Rate Amount
N k

EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORK

3.01 Excv. Fence fdn, standing from strip level M3 1415 350
a.v.d.n.e. 1m 495,250:00
3.02 Back-filling of excavated material M3 15 150
Around fence foundation 2,250:00
3.03 Remove surplus excavated materials away from M3 167 170
site. 28390:00
3.04 CONCRETE WORK M3
Provide, mix cast and compact plain in-situ 55 15000
concrete, 1:3:6 (C.S.G.) for fdn Footing 825,000:00
BLOCKWORK
3.05 Built hollow sandcrete block work, bedded and M3
jointed in cement and sand mortar (1:6). Laid in 1,365 2,200
stretcher bond in 225mm wall No 3,003,000:00
Supply and fix, double swing iron entrance 1 70,000
3.06 gate, to 230mm x 230mm No 70,000:00
Reinforced concrete column to the treatment 5 2,175
plan 10,875:00

3.07 PIPE WORKS 3,994,115:00

Supply and install 150mm Asbestos cement
(A.C.) pipe to connect ponds including disposal
to stream

SUMMARY OF PROPOSED WORKS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF FACULTATIVE AND MATURATION

PONDS, BLOCKWORK FENCE AND PIPEWORKS AT NIGERIAN DEFENCE ACADEMY NEW SITE MONDO
KADUNA
ITEM DESCRIPTION PAGE AMOUNT
N K

1 Preliminaries and preamble 27 268,650:00

(2%)

2 Bill Nr. 1 construction 28 5,112,000

facultative ponds
3. Bill Nr. 2 Construction of 4,326,400
two maturation ponds

4 Bill Nr 3 Construction Block 29 4,326,400

wall fence and pipe work
Subtotal
Add 5% Contingencies 13,701.165
Builders work 685,058
Add 5% VAT 14,386,223
Estimated total cost for the 719,311
construction of 15, 105,537
facultative/maturation ponds,
wall fence and pipe works

(Fifteen Million, One Hundred and Five Thousand, Five Hundred and thirty Four Naira Seventy Five Kobo only.

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