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METFORAS Y METONIMIAS
CIENTFICO-TCNICAS
BILINGUAL DICTIONARY OF
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
METAPHORS AND METONYMIES
The Bilingual Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Metaphors and Metonymies presents the
extensive range of metaphoric and metonymic terms and expressions that are commonly used
within the fields of science, engineering, architecture and sports science.
Compiled by a team of linguists working across a range of technical schools within the Technical
University of Madrid, this practical dictionary fills a gap in the field of technical language and
will be an indispensable reference for students within the fields of science, engineering or sports
science seeking to work internationally and for translators and interpreters working in these
specialist fields.
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DICCIONARIO BILINGE DE
METFORAS Y METONIMIAS
CIENTFICO-TCNICAS
Ingeniera, Arquitectura y Ciencias de la
Actividad Fsica
Partes I & II
EspaolIngls
EnglishSpanish
Autoras
Georgina Cuadrado-Esclapez
Irina Argelles-lvarez
Pilar Durn-Escribano
Mara-Jos Gmez-Ortiz
Silvia Molina-Plaza
Joana Pierce-McMahon
Maria-Mar Robisco-Martn
Ana Roldn-Riejos
Paloma beda-Mansilla
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2016 Georgina Cuadrado-Esclapez, Irina Argelles-lvarez, Pilar Durn-Escribano, Mara-Jos Gmez-Ortiz, Silvia
Molina-Plaza, Joana Pierce-McMahon, Maria-Mar Robisco-Martn, Ana Roldn-Riejos, Paloma beda-Mansilla
The right of the authors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections
77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Publishers Note
This book has been prepared from camera-ready copy provided by the authors.
Typeset in Crimson
by Sebastian Kosch
v
ndice
Parte I 1-231
<<EL ACERO ES UNA PERSONA >> 5
<<EL AGUA ES UN SER VIVO >> 9
<<EL AVIN ES UN AVE>> 13
<<EL AVIN ES UN SER HUMANO>> 25
<<EL CUERPO HUMANO ES UNA CONSTRUCCIN>> 29
<<EL EDIFICIO ES UNA CAJA>> 43
<<EL CIRCUITO ELCTRICO ES UN CIRCUITO DE TRFICO>> 54
SEMILLAS Y RBOLES DURMIENTES: LA METFORA DEL SUEO EN EL MUNDO VEGETAL 74
<<EL BARCO ES UNA PERSONA>> 85
<<LA ESTRUCTURA DE INGENIERA CIVIL ES UN SER VIVO >> 92
<<TRATAR METALES ES TRATAR ALIMENTOS>> 107
METFORAS DE LA ANATOMA HUMANA EN LA MINERA 121
<<EL EDIFICIO ES UN SER HUMANO>> 148
<<LAS FUERZAS MAGNTICAS O ELCTRICAS SON PAREJAS>> 167
<<LAS ROCAS SON SERES HUMANOS>> 185
<<UN SISTEMA DE ENGRANAJES ES UN SISTEMA PLANETARIO>> 196
vi
Part II 233-510
<<THE BUILDING IS A SHIP>> 243
TECHNOLOGY IMAGE METAPHORS FROM NATURAL SCIENCES 249
<<THE SPORT STRATEGY IS THE WAR STRATEGY>> 255
<<CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES ARE MEDICAL TECHNIQUES>> 261
<<SHIP LAUNCHING IS BAPTISM OF A PERSON>> 282
VISUAL AND VERBAL METAPHORS IN EARTH SCIENCE 308
HORSE APPAREL METAPHORS IN ARCHITECTURE 355
<<A MINE HAS A LIFE >> 376
<<THE AIRSPACE IS A CONTAINER>> 405
<<ROCKS ARE SOCIAL ENTITIES>> 411
<<A RIVER IS A PERSON>> 438
<<A SHIP IS A WOMAN>> 453
METAPHORS FOR SOIL 461
<<TRAFFIC CIRCULATION IS A BODY CIRCULATORY SYSTEM>> 485
METAPHORS FOR PLANTS BASED ON THE HUMAN BODY 495
vii
Ingeniera Civil, Hidrulica y materias afines/Civil Engineering, Hydraulics and related subjects:
DRA./DR. ANA ROLDN-RIEJOS
ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos/School of Civil and Territorial Engineering
xiii
Ingeniera Naval y Ocenica y materias afines/Naval and Oceanic Engineering and related subjects:
DRA./DR. SILVIA MOLINA-PLAZA
ETS de Ingenieros Navales/School of Naval Engineering
Hidrocarburos/Hydrocarbons Nutica/Seamanship
Hidrogeologa/Hydrogeology Navegacin/Navigation
Hidrografa/Hydrography Negocios/Business administration
Hidrologa/Hydrology Nuclenica/Nucleonics
Hpica/Horse racing Nutricin/Nutrition
Hockey sobre hielo/Ice hockey Obras pblicas/Civil works
Horticultura/Horticulture Oceanografa/Oceanography
Industria/Industry ptica/Optics
Industria alimentaria/Food technology Orografa/Orography
Informtica/Computer science Paleontologa/Paleontology
Ingenera Elctrica/Electrical engineering Patinaje sobre hielo/Ice skating
Ingenera Industrial/Industrial engineering Pesca/Fishing
Ingeniera Aeronutica/Aeronautical engineering Petrleo/Petroleum
Ingeniera Agroforestal/Agroforestal engineering Petrologa/Petrology
Ingeniera Civil/Civil engineering Piragsmo/Canoeing
Ingeniera de Minas/Mining engineering Produccin animal/Animal production
Ingeniera de Montes/Forestry engineering Produccin vegetal/Plant production
Ingeniera de Telecomunicaciones/ Puertos/Ports
Telecommunications engineering Qumica/Chemistry
Ingeniera de Transportes /Transportation Qumica orgnica/Organic chemistry
engineering Radar/Radar
Ingeniera Geolgica/Geological engineering Radionavegacin/Radionavigation
Ingeniera Informtica/Computer science Remos/Rowing
Ingeniera Medioambiental/Environmental Rugby/Rugby
engineering Selvicultura, silvicultura/Selviculture
Ingeniera Naval/Naval engineering Siderurgia/Siderurgy
Ingeniera(s)/Engineering Sftbol/Softball
Judo/Judo Sonido e imagen/Sound & image
Juegos/Games Taekwondo/Taekwondo
Krate/Karate Tecnologa/Technology
Laboreo de minas, Minera/Mining Telefona/Telephony
Lucha libre/Wrestling Televisin/Television
Magnetismo/Magnetism Tenis/Tennis
Maquinaria/Machinery Tenis de mesa, ping pong/Table tennis
Matemticas/Mathematics Termodinmica/Thermodynamics
Mecnica/Mechanics Tiro/Shooting
Mecnica de fludos/Fluid mechanics Tiro al arco/Archery
Metalistera/Metalworking Topografa/Topography, Surveying
Metalogenia/Metallogeny Topologa/Topology
Metalografa/Metallography Transporte martimo/Maritime transport
Metalotecnia/Metallotechnics Transporte(s)/Transport
Metalurgia/Metallurgy Tneles/Tunnels
Meteorologa/Meteorology Urbanismo/Urbanism
Mineraloga/Mineralogy Vela/Sailing
Mineralurgia/Minerallurgy Voleibol/Volleyball
Motociclismo/Motor cycling Vulcanologa/Vulcanology
Motores/Motors, engines Zoologa/Zoology
Nanotecnologa/Nanotechnology Zoologa marina/Marine zoology
Natacin/Swimming
xvi
Prlogo
La labor de creacin de un diccionario es proverbialmente ardua, no slo por el problema de la
gestin y organizacin adecuada de un volumen importante de datos, sino por la infinidad de
decisiones metodolgicas a las que los lexicgrafos se deben enfrentar, de forma coordinada,
en cuanto a la recogida, seleccin, presentacin y tratamiento de la informacin. Si se trata de
un diccionario bilinge, se aade otro reto, a saber, la necesidad de encontrar equivalencias
y de hacer esto mediante criterios rigurosos. Si adems el diccionario se dedica al lenguaje
especializado, los lexicgrafos deben poseer un importante dominio de fuentes nada comunes
para el lego en las materias de que se trate. Si finalmente, el diccionario se centra en el lenguaje
metafrico y metonmico, se suma a las anteriores una ltima dificultad, nada desdeable, la de
determinar los lmites todava algo difusos y sometidos a debate entre lo figurado y lo literal.
Foreword
Andrew Ortonys Metaphor and Thought (Cambridge UP 1979) and George Lakoff & Mark
Johnsons Metaphors We Live By (U of Chicago P 1980) gave an enormous boost to the study of
metaphor. Of course the significance and rhetorical effectiveness of metaphor was recognized
ages ago by Aristotle, but in more recent times it had been mostly admired and analyzed by
lovers of poetry.
The revived fascination with the queen of tropes originated in the awareness that metaphor,
famously described as understanding and experiencing one kind of thing [the target domain,
ChF] in terms of another [the source domain, ChF] (Lakoff and Johnson 1980: 5), not only
features in all types of texts; it actually helps structure the concepts that underlie these texts.
Metaphor is thus a characteristic of cognition: we systematically understand abstract and
complex phenomena in terms of concrete, perceptible phenomena. Lately, metaphors less
spectacular sister metonymy has come to be seen as similarly important to comprehending the
way we think, as transpires from studies by scholars such as Antonio Barcelona and Francisco
Ruiz de Mendoza. No fewer than two journals, Metaphor and Symbol and Metaphor and the Social
World, are devoted to researching how figures of thought help humans make sense of the world.
The insight that our metaphorical and metonymical thinking is not random, but organized in
clusters of recurring combinations of target and source domains, has in turn stimulated and
fine-tuned the study of these tropes in language (and increasingly in visuals and gestures as well).
Whereas at first the emphasis was on the embodied and hence potentially universal nature
of metaphors and metonyms, it is nowadays broadly acknowledged that cultural difference, too,
has an impact on their use in everyday life.
A key cultural factor that impinges on these tropes modus operandi is the text type or genre in
which they occur. The Bilingual Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Metaphors and Metonymies is
an exciting and impressive testimony to the growing appreciation of the role of metaphor and
metonymy in specialized discourses. It is appropriate that the dictionary pertains to Spanish
and English, not only because these are two of the most widely spoken languages in the world,
but also because the examination of Conceptual Metaphor Theory has been particularly prolific
among scholars with Spanish or English as their native tongue.
The dictionary serves different purposes. First of all, it will undoubtedly prove a valuable tool
for English and Spanish scientists (and their translators) writing up their findings. Perhaps an
alertness to how certain terms have hitherto been systematically metaphorized will even help
coin logical terms for yet-to-be-discovered aspects in the domain of a specific scientific
community. Second, the metaphor and metonymy clusters identified advance the theorization
of the tropes concerned. After all, although humankind needs a substantial number of structural
metaphors to do justice to the vast complexity of the natural world, this number is nonetheless
finite. Let me risk an analogy: finding, categorizing, and labelling the basic source domains
that are deployed in metaphorizing and metonymizing is like the search for the elements that
xix
culminated in the Periodic Table in the field of chemistry. And thirdly, this dictionary contributes
to our understanding in what ways tropes can feed into education and pedagogy. I wish this
tropic treasure trove a multitude of readers.
Prefacio
La ciencia y el lenguaje estn en constante evolucin y desarrollo no solo porque los nuevos
descubrimientos e inventos amplan el abanico de los trminos especficos, sino tambin porque
la ciencia y el propio lenguaje se analizan y estudian bajo prismas cada vez ms precisos e
integradores. Este Diccionario Bilinge de Metforas y Metonimias Cientfico-Tcnicas viene a llenar
una laguna en el campo del lenguaje cientfico y tcnico: el de las expresiones y los trminos
metafricos y metonmicos, en sus versiones en espaol e ingls, que no han sido recogidos
como tales en ninguna otra obra de estas caractersticas.
El Diccionario abarca una amplia seleccin de reas directamente relacionadas con las ingenieras,
que incluyen una variada terminologa cientfica y tcnica; desde los vocablos tradicionales
ms propios de las jergas tpicamente tecnolgicas como la agricultura, el laboreo de minas y
la construccin, entre otras, hasta los trminos ms avanzados de la electrnica, la telemtica,
la biotecnologa, y la ingeniera de materiales, por citar solo unos ejemplos. De estos campos se
habla con mayor amplitud en el artculo introductorio, relacionndolos con la evolucin de las
ingenieras y la arquitectura.
Desde el prisma del lenguaje figurado, constatamos que en la ciencia y en la tecnologa abunda
el uso de trminos metafricos y metonmicos. La metfora consiste en la transposicin de
significados, basada en la similitud de aspectos, de usos o de funciones entre el trmino fuente
y el nuevo trmino, de mbito diferente, al que se quiere dar nombre. Esta transposicin abarca
tanto expresiones metafricas como metforas de imagen. La metonimia tiene lugar cuando se
emplea una parte o un rasgo semntico de una entidad para nombrar al todo. Se distingue de la
metfora en que la transferencia de significados se produce dentro de un mismo dominio dando
lugar a una asociacin entre ellos, que puede ser de causa-efecto o de parte-todo.
Una vez seleccionados los diccionarios tcnicos ms relevantes de cada materia, los politcnicos
y los generales de la lengua espaola e inglesa, cada especialista elabor una lista con las entradas
de trminos metafricos y metonmicos de su mbito acadmico, en espaol y con la traduccin
al ingls. En no pocas ocasiones se han encontrado idnticas unidades lxicas con distintas
traducciones en los diversos diccionarios. Como criterio de seleccin de cual incluir, se ha
recurrido al uso actualizado de dichos trminos, presentes en revistas de reconocido prestigio
e indexadas en bases de datos de carcter cientfico; fuentes de reconocida fiabilidad en la red
proporcionan un sinfn de posibilidades para ello. Cuando la contextualizacin del trmino dio
como resultado el uso de ms de una traduccin, se incluyeron todos los trminos encontrados,
xxi
an cuando el experto pueda hallar matices algo diferentes en unos y otros casos.
El equipo de especialistas que ha trabajado en la recopilacin de las unidades lxicas y los textos
que integran esta obra est formado por profesoras titulares del Departamento de Lingstica
Aplicada a la Ciencia y a la Tecnologa de las siguientes Escuelas de Ingeniera de la Universidad
Politcnica de Madrid: Aeronutica, Agrnomos, Caminos, Minas, Navales y Sistemas de
Telecomunicacin, de la Escuela Superior de Arquitectura y de la Facultad de Ciencias de la
Actividad Fsica y el Deporte. Todas ellas forman parte del Grupo de Investigacin Estudios
cognitivos y sociopragmticos del discurso cientfico y tcnico (DISCYT) de la Universidad
Politcnica de Madrid.
La elaboracin final del Diccionario no ha sido tarea fcil y, en muchos casos, se ha recurrido a
expertos ingenieros y arquitectos en ejercicio que han ayudado a dilucidar los conceptos para
poder distinguir si el significado de un trmino en el campo cientfico y tecnolgico era diferente
al significado de la palabra en su uso general; este criterio es fundamental para considerar la
metaforicidad de la unidad lxica. A todos ellos nuestro agradecido reconocimiento.
LAS AUTORAS
Preface
Science and language are in constant evolution and development and new discoveries and
inventions give rise to new terms. In turn, science and its language are analysed under increasingly
precise and integrating approaches. The Bilingual Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Metaphors
and Metonymies fills a gap in the field of scientific and technical language, namely in English and
Spanish metaphoric and metonymic terms and expressions, which up to now have never been
compiled as such.
The current work encompasses a broad selection of engineering fields and includes a great
variety of scientific and technical terminology. This ranges from traditional words typical of
older technological jargon, such as agriculture, mining and construction, among others, to the
latest electronic, telematic, biotechnological and materials science advances, to name just a few.
Updated technical metaphorical and metonymic terms from the field of Physical Education and
Sports Sciences are also included, since the related School is part of the Technical University of
Madrid.
From a figurative language approach, our findings confirm that metaphoric and metonymic
terms abound in science and technology. Metaphor consists of meaning transposition based on
relational correspondence of uses, functions or aspects between a source domain and a target
domain. This transposition can involve metaphoric linguistic expressions and image metaphors.
Metonymy occurs when only a part or certain semantic features of an entity are used to refer
to the whole object. It is distinct from metaphor as the meaning transfer takes place in the same
semantic domain producing an association between meanings, which could be causeeffect,
partwhole, etc.
The metaphoric expressions and terms included in this volume do not come from translations
made by its authors or by consulted experts but have been contrastively extracted from other
dictionaries or specialised research articles dealing with similar subject matters in Spanish and
English publications. The novelty lies in the compilation of lexical items with a metaphorical
sense from scientific and technical contexts, extracted from over 50 dictionaries and specific
vocabularies.
After selecting the most relevant monolingual and bilingual technical dictionaries of each
engineering area, as well as general ones, each team specialist identified the metaphoric and
metonymic entries of their specialty in Spanish together with their English translations. Often,
similar lexical units were found with different translations in different dictionaries. In these cases,
the main selection criterion to determine the best translation was to identify the more updated
use of terms in high prestige journals indexed in scientific data bases. When the contextualized
term resulted in more than one translation, all of them were included although the expert may
perhaps make out diverse nuances.
The information put forth by the Bilingual Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Metaphors and
xxiii
The expert team that has compiled the lexical units gathered in this dictionary is made up of
members of the Department of Applied Linguistics for Science and Technology at the Technical
University of Madrid from the following engineering schools: Aeronautics, Agriculture, Civil,
Mining, Naval and Telecommunication Systems, and also from the Architecture School and the
Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. All of them are members of the research
group Cognitive and socio-pragmatic studies of scientific and technical discourse (DISCYT)
from the Technical University of Madrid.
The final elaboration of the Dictionary was no easy task and in many cases, expert engineers
and architects help was requested to elucidate concepts and to discern whether the meaning of
a term in one scientific and technological field was different from its general use; this criterion
was deemed fundamental to identify the metaphoricity of the lexical units. We are very grateful
for their assistance.
THE AUTHORS
Agradecimientos
Queremos expresar nuestra gratitud a todos aquellos que, con su apoyo y consejo, han hecho
posible la edicin de este trabajo. Comenzamos por los siguientes profesores de la Universidad
Politcnica de Madrid: Ricardo Aroca Hernndez-Ros, Doctor Arquitecto, Catedrtico de la
ETS de Arquitectura de Madrid; Benjamn Calvo Prez, Doctor Ingeniero de Minas, Catedrtico
de la ETS de Ingenieros de Minas y Energa; ngel Cmara Rascn, Doctor Ingeniero de Minas,
Catedrtico de la ETS de Ingenieros de Minas y Energa; Jess-Patricio Durn Piqueras, Doctor
y Profesor de Teora del entrenamiento deportivo en la Facultad de CC de la Actividad Fsica y
el Deporte; Pablo de la Fuente, Doctor Ingeniero de la ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos; Jacinto
Gil Sierra, Doctor Ingeniero de la ETS de Ingenieros Agrnomos; Juana Mara Gutirrez Arriola,
Doctora Ingeniera Profesora Titular de Circuitos y Sistemas en la ETS de Ingeniera y Sistemas
de Telecomunicacin; Rafael Herrandn Dez, Doctor Ingeniero y Catedrtico de Escuela
Universitaria en la ETS de Ingeniera y Sistemas de Telecomunicacin; Miguel ngel Herreros
Sierra, Doctor y Profesor Titular de la ETS de Ingeniera Naval, Martima y Ocenica; Pablo de
la Fuente Martn, Doctor Ingeniero de Caminos y Prof. Titular de la ETSI Caminos, Canales y
Puertos; Gloria Lpez Fernndez, Doctora y Profesora Titular de la ETSI Caminos, Canales y
Puertos; Javier Segu de la Riva, Doctor Arquitecto, Catedrtico de la ETS de Arquitectura de
Madrid. A los doctores David Lloyd-Smith, Colin Kerr y Christian Onof, Professors of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London (UK) y a los arquitectos Isabel Giesler,
Wyn Davies y Ana Serrano Mazo.
Tambin queremos agradecer el trabajo de Guillermo Avancini Alcibar y Lara Alegre Rodrguez
alumnos de la ETS de Arquitectura de Madrid, en la edicin de parte de las imgenes e
ilustraciones de los trminos metafricos incorporados a este volumen, as como el de Antonio
Espinosa Barajas, Beatriz Rodrguez Cuadrado, Rafael Herradn Dez e Irina Argelles-lvarez
por las fotografas aportadas.
Acknowledgements
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to all whose support and advice have made this
publication possible. We shall begin with our colleagues from the Technical University of Madrid
(UPM): Ricardo Aroca Hernndez-Ros, Doctor in Architecture, Professor of the School of
Architecture at Madrid; Benjamin Calvo Prez, Doctor of Mining Engineering, Professor of the
School of Mining and Energy, Angel Cmara Rascon, Doctor of Mining Engineering, Professor
of the School of Mining and Energy, Jess-Patricio Durn Piqueras, Doctor and Professor
of Sports Training of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Activity, Jacinto Gil Sierra, Doctor of
Agricultural Engineering, Juana Mara Gutirrez Arriola, Doctor and Professor of Circuits and
Systems at the School of Engineering and Telecommunication Systems, Rafael Herrandon Dez,
Doctor and Professor at the School of Engineering and Telecommunication Systems, Miguel
Angel Herreros Sierra, Doctor and Professor of Naval Engineering, Pablo de la Fuente Martn,
Doctor and Professor of the School of Civil Engineering, Gloria Lpez Fernndez, Doctor and
Professor of the School of Civil Engineering, Javier Segu de la Riva, Doctor and Professor of
the School of Architecture. We would also like to thank Dr David Lloyd-Smith, Mr Colin J. Kerr
and Dr Christian Onof from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial
College London (UK) and Isabel Giesler, Wyn Davies and Ana Serrano Mazo, architects.
Our heartfelt gratitude to both Dr Charles Forceville, Professor at the University of Amsterdam,
and Dr Francisco Ruiz de Mendoza Ibez, Professor at the Universidad de La Rioja (Spain) for
their insightful comments on our work.
We also wish to acknowledge the work of Guillermo Avancini Alcibar and Lara Alegre Rodrguez,
students of the School of Architecture (UPM) for their editing of the illustrations and images of
the metaphoric terms incorporated into the dictionary; as well as the contributions of Antonio
Espinosa Barajas, Beatriz Rodrguez Cuadrado, Rafael Herradn Dez, and Irina Argelles-
lvarez to the photographs included.
Finally, we are especially indebted to the Institute of Mining Engineers of Madrid and the Gmez
Pardo Foundation of the Technical University of Madrid for their financial support and funding
in carrying out this research project.
xxvi
Las unidades lxicas que integran este diccionario han sido recopiladas por lingistas de
la Universidad Politcnica de Madrid. La extensin concedida a cada rea de la ingeniera,
la arquitectura y la actividad fsica y deporte ha dependido del grado de metaforicidad de su
lenguaje especfico. Por otra parte, existe variacin en el nmero de trminos y expresiones
metafricas/ metonmicas de las reas temticas en cada una de las letras del alfabeto.
El diccionario incluye tanto trminos ingleses como americanos. Tambin recoge trminos de
Amrica Latina y Espaa. En ningn caso se identifica su procedencia geogrfica por no ser
relevante en una publicacin de estas caractersticas considerando que, en un mundo globalizado,
la ciencia y la tecnologa son dos lenguajes universales. Por otro lado se incluyen anglicismos
lxicos presentes en diccionarios bilinges de tecnologa.
Las entradas se ordenan alfabticamente. Los artculos, los pronombres y las preposiciones se
tienen en cuenta a la hora de determinar el orden de los trminos compuestos. Por ejemplo:
Cuando el primer elemento es una preposicin o una conjuncin, las entradas tambin se
ordenan alfabticamente. Cuando el primer elemento es un artculo, un pronombre u otra
palabra delexicalizada, la entrada se ordena alfabticamente segn el prximo elemento.
Los trminos compuestos pueden recogerse en el diccionario en dos entradas distintas. Una
de ellas aparece ordenada alfabticamente segn el primer elemento (palabra clave). En la
segunda forma, los vocablos aparecen separados por una coma y con el guin (~), ordenados
tambin alfabticamente, segn la primera palabra del trmino compuesto que lleve mayor carga
metafrica/metonmica. Estos ltimos trminos se incluyen a continuacin de los ordenados
por palabra clave.
Categoras gramaticales
En esta publicacin, se puede observar que las categoras gramaticales ms comunes a las que
pertenecen los trminos tcnicos recogidos son la de los sustantivos, en mltiples ocasiones
acompaados de adjetivos, y la de los verbos, siendo todas ellas categoras lxicas con contenido
referencial y semntico. A pesar de que algunas unidades lxicas puedan incluir un artculo,
una preposicin o una conjuncin, estas son partes de la oracin que no contienen una funcin
sintctica argumental y, en ningn caso, formaran un trmino por s solas. Por estas razones, no
se ha visto necesario reiterar las categoras gramaticales en cada entrada.
Con objeto de distinguir en ingls los verbos de los sustantivos, todos los verbos llevan to entre
parntesis a continuacin de la palabra. Por ejemplo:
Abreviaturas y acrnimos
Las abreviaturas, acrnimos y siglas se mantienen y sus traducciones aparecen en cada entrada.
Figuran en el lugar que les corresponde alfabticamente.
Cuando un mismo trmino se utiliza en varios mbitos se consignan los indicadores de materia
pertinentes y las traducciones van apareciendo tras los distintos indicadores. Por ejemplo:
Los campos o sub-campos en los que se utiliza un mismo trmino se consignan alfabticamente.
Por ejemplo:
En ocasiones, se ofrece informacin adicional sobre el mbito en el que se usa el trmino, aparte
de que se pueda ofrecer el campo y el sub-campo. Esta informacin aparece despus de la
entrada, en cursiva y entre parntesis. Por ejemplo:
Informacin complementaria
A lo largo del diccionario se han insertado una serie de artculos cortos y cuadros con informacin
sobre las metforas conceptuales a las que pertenecen los trminos, que iluminan el sentido de
estas expresiones metafricas. Tambin se incluyen imgenes, dibujos y fotografas que ilustran
el significado de los trminos o expresiones metafricas/metonmicas a los que hacen referencia.
Por otro lado, la interdisciplinaridad incide en el uso de los trminos cientficos y tcnicos en
contextos diferentes. A veces, esto hace difcil la adscripcin de un trmino a un solo campo y
explica sus diversas traducciones en contextos distintos. A lo largo de esta obra, se encontrarn,
entre parntesis, las contextualizaciones del trmino en espaol que han dado lugar a diversas
traducciones al ingls. Por ejemplo, cabeceo en la telecomunicacin se traduce por pan down;
referido a la aviacin, se traduce por pitch o pitching motion; y en referencia a un buque, la versin
en ingls es pitching o plunging.
NOTA
La mayora de los trminos recogidos en este trabajo son sustantivos y verbos, por lo que no se
ha considerado necesario hacer una distincin de gnero en el sustantivo. Tampoco se incluyen
de forma sistemtica los antnimos y los sinnimos de los mismos porque es muy probable que
no conlleven carga metafrica. Aun as se ha encontrado algn ejemplo de sinonimia como es
el caso de avin nodriza y de avin cisterna, pero son tan pocos que no merecen ser listados.
[1] Cabr, M.Teresa, (2001) Principios tericos sobre la terminologa, su campo de trabajo y sus unidades. En Cabr,
M. Teresa; Feliu, Judit (eds.). La terminologa cientfico-tcnica: reconocimiento, anlisis y extraccin de informacin formal
y semntica. Barcelona: Institut Universitari de Lingstica Aplicada. Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
xxxi
Vocabulary Selection
The lexical units that make up this dictionary were selected by Technical University of Madrid
linguists who have consulted various disciplines scholars in order to achieve a more precise
and updated end result. The breadth for each domain, whether in the field of engineering,
architecture, or physical activity and sports depended on the degree of metaphoricity of their
specific language. Moreover, the number of metaphoric and metonymic terms and expressions
of each field in each alphabet letter can vary greatly.
The dictionary includes both English and American terms and expressions as well as comprising
terms and expressions from Latin America and Spain. The geographic origin has not been
specified since in a globalized world science and technology are considered to be universal
languages, and therefore, the distinction has not been considered relevant. Likewise, lexical
anglicisms are included when they appear in bilingual technical dictionaries.
The entries are alphabetically arranged. Articles, pronouns and prepositions are taken into
account when determining the order of compound terms or phrases. For instance, in the
SpanishEnglish part, we find:
When the first element of the expression is a preposition or a conjunction, entries are also
alphabetically arranged. When the first element is an article, a pronoun or another delexicalised
word, the entry is alphabetically arranged according to the next lexical word.
Those metaphorical/metonymic expressions containing more than one word can appear in
two different entries: (a) one entry is alphabetically arranged according to the first element of
the expression; (b) the other is alphabetically arranged according to the first letter of the term
carrying a greater metaphorical load. In such a case, after the last word of the expression a tilde
is included (~). For instance:
As can be seen in the previous example, the entries of type (b), which have a tilde (~) after the
last word of the expression, appear in the dictionary after the entries of type (a), in which the
expression has been alphabetically arranged according to the first term.
Grammatical categories
In this publication, the most common grammatical categories are nouns followed by verbs, in
many occasions combined with adjectives and adverbs. These categories involve referential
and semantic content. Some lexical units can include an article, a preposition or a conjunction;
however since these categories have no key syntactic function on their own, nor could become
terms in themselves, they are not singled out in the entries.
In order to distinguish verbs from nouns in English, verbs include to between round brackets
preceded by the word. For example:
trace(pet)[min eng]vestigio
trace (to)[comp sci]rastrear
Abbreviations, acronyms and initials are kept and their translations are included in each entry.
For instance:
Domain specification
Each term includes one or more indicators of the specialty that are domain specific. The
disciplines appear between square brackets and the sub-domains between round brackets.
wafer(electro)[elec eng]chip
wafer(metallur)[min eng]galleta
When the same term is used in various domains, their respective indicators are alphabetically
arranged. When the translation of an expression is different in various domains, different entries
are provided. When the translation is the same for different domains, it is preceded by the
sequence of indicators. For example:
The domains or sub-domains which comprise the same term are alphabetically arranged. For
example:
Occasionally, additional information about the domain or context in which the term is used is
provided and then the domain(s) and the sub-domain(s) are included. This information appears
after the entry in italics and between round brackets. For example:
Additional information
The classification of the terminology compiled in this dictionary was no easy task. As Cabr
claims [1] , although they arise from a specific domain, it is not possible to affirm that all terms
systematically pertain to a single domain. We can only conclude that they can be used within
a domain. In this respect, their semantic content, far from being definitive, depends on each
specialty and situation of use or context. This implies that the concept conveyed by a term
can also belong to the conceptual structure of various different subject matters with their
corresponding differences. Thus, for instance in this dictionary, the term to absorb (absorber)
has been classified within telecommunication engineering although it also pertains to physics or
to architecture materials. In addition, a term can be found in more than one domain provided its
translation is the same. For instance:
On the other hand, interdisciplinary studies deal with the use of scientific and technical terms
in different contexts. Sometimes, this makes it difficult to assign a term to a single domain and
accounts for different translations in different contexts. Throughout this work, contextualization
of a term in English that has resulted in various translations in Spanish can be found in brackets.
For example, air cushion in industrial engineering is translated by cojn de aire; whereas when
referring to aviation it is translated by colchn de aire; and, finally, when designating a floating
dock, the Spanish version is cmara de aire a presin.
xxxv
The authors of this volume consider that the knowledge and use of these terms and
expressions with unambiguous meaning in a specific context has special relevance for scientific
communication.
NOTA BENE
Most of the terms included in the dictionary are nouns and verbs (to), therefore we did not judge
it necessary to include gender. The same applies to antonyms or synonyms, bearing in mind that
in such cases the metaphors would not necessarily be kept. Although we have found a few cases
of synonymy such as avin nodriza and avin cisterna, they are not considered relevant enough
to list them.
The different collocations (adverbial or otherwise) are treated as chunks and function as gestalt
expressions conveying the metaphorical meaning and as such they are indivisible.
[1] Cabr, M.Teresa, (2001) Principios tericos sobre la terminologa, su campo de trabajo y sus unidades. En Cabr,
M. Teresa; Feliu, Judit (eds.). La terminologa cientfico-tcnica: reconocimiento, anlisis y extraccin de informacin formal
y semntica. Barcelona: Institut Universitari de Lingstica Aplicada. Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
xxxvi
Abreviaturas
Abbreviations
(acoust) Acoustics (astron) Astronomy
(adm) Business (astronaut) Astronautics
Administration (astrophys) Astrophysics
[aer eng] Aeronautical (athl) Athletics
Engineering (automat & robot) Automatics &Robotics
(aesth) Aesthetics (automot) Automotive Industry
(agric) Agriculture (aviat) Aviation
(agric econ) Agricultural Economy (bacteriol) Bacteriology
[agrofor eng] Agroforestal (badmin) Badminton
Engineering (baseb) Baseball
(agron) Agronomy (basketb) Basketball
[anat] Anatomy (biochem) Biochemistry
(animal prod) Animal Production (biogen) Biogenetics
[arch] Architecture [biol] Biology
(arch elem) Architectural Element [biotech] Biotechnology
[archeol] Archeology (box) Boxing
(archry) Archery (cano) Canoeing
(armam) Armament (cartogr) Cartography
(army) Army [chem] Chemistry
xxxviii
Dar nombre a las nuevas realidades cientficas que van surgiendo es una tarea constante de la
comunidad cientfica, ya que las dimensiones del universo son inabarcables y la creatividad y
el ingenio del cientfico encuentran un gran campo por delante en el que adentrarse. Para el
lingista, el anlisis del lenguaje de la ciencia y la tecnologa resulta apasionante, ya que es una
manera de sondear el pensamiento humano a travs de sus manifestaciones lingsticas, entre
las que destaca la metfora. Este Diccionario Bilinge de Metforas y Metonimias Cientfico-Tcnicas
da fe de ello y viene a cubrir un hueco en el campo del lenguaje cientfico y tcnico: el de las
expresiones y los trminos metafricos y metonmicos, en sus versiones en espaol e ingls ms
actualizadas.
Desde el prisma del lenguaje figurado, constatamos que en la ciencia y en la tecnologa abunda
el uso de trminos metafricos y metonmicos. Cada lengua tiene su modo particular de hacerlo,
como lo prueban la variedad de expresiones y matices para expresar conceptos. Estas diferencias
en las diversas lenguas dependen de factores histricos y culturales, as como del entorno fsico.
En cuanto al mecanismo utilizado para la creacin de los conceptos, sin embargo, existen
rasgos comunes a las distintas culturas, como por ejemplo que su formacin tiende a operar
por medio de interrelaciones metafricas; es decir, que se establecen conexiones de significado
entre mbitos de experiencia diferentes. El reconocimiento de estas conexiones no es nuevo,
ya que fue Aristteles quien abri el camino al estudio de la metfora [1]. La propia palabra
metfora significa en griego traslacin. Garca Yebra [2], citando a Dmaso Alonso, explica que la
metfora, lejos de ser un mero recurso retrico, ha intervenido en la creacin de gran parte del
lenguaje que hablamos. Tambin Fahnestock [3], en su detallado estudio de las figuras retricas
en la ciencia, afirma que la metfora es uno de los recursos dominantes que emplea la mente
humana para discurrir sobre los fenmenos cientficos y describirlos.
caso el trmino depurar, que en sentido general significa limpiar o purificar, y que se utiliza en
qumica, farmacia o medicina con ese sentido. No obstante, en informtica depurar (to debug)
o depuracin de datos (data purification) adquieren una vertiente metafrica, ya que implica
una transposicin del significado general de depurar al tratamiento de datos informticos, que
pertenece a un mbito distinto. Sin embargo, el enfoque cognitivo considera que gran parte de
nuestro pensamiento metafrico opera en el nivel del subconsciente y que, como ya mantena
Black [5], muchas veces la metfora no se basa en una similitud, sino que la crea. As, cuando
utilizamos las expresiones metafricas de hierro activo o de hierro inactivo, en metalurgia,
estamos proyectando el significado de la cualidad orgnica de actividad sobre el acero, un ser
inerte. Es decir, que hoy podemos afirmar que el lenguaje cientfico no es un lenguaje puramente
objetivo, sino que en l, al igual que en el lenguaje general, tiene cabida la subjetividad y la
imaginacin humana [6].
La metonimia es otro mecanismo cognitivo que tiene lugar cuando se emplea una parte o un
rasgo semntico de una entidad para nombrar al todo. Se diferencia de la metfora en que la
transferencia de significados se produce en un mismo mbito, dando lugar a una asociacin
entre ellos, que puede ser de causaefecto, o de partetodo, siendo igualmente una herramienta
cognitiva muy frecuente en el lenguaje de la ciencia y de la tcnica [7]. Para ilustrar el concepto
de metonimia, tomemos como ejemplo testigo perteneciente a la ingeniera civil, en ingls core
boring. Al hacer referencia a la extraccin de roca o suelo para averiguar su composicin, implica
una relacin causaefecto. Otro ejemplo procedente de la ingeniera aeronutica es touchdown,
en este caso la metonimia implica una relacin partetodo puesto que la accin alude al aterrizaje
de un avin. La metfora, en definitiva, baraja distintos planos semnticos y los interrelaciona
mediante la analoga, el contraste o la comparacin, o crea nuevas analogas basndose en la
imaginacin humana, mientras que la metonimia juega slo con una parte o un rasgo semntico
del trmino fuente.
Con este trabajo, hemos podido constatar que el empleo de la metfora y de la metonimia en el
lenguaje tcnico no es consistente siempre, ni se da en todos los mbitos de la misma manera; es
decir, las equivalencias no son siempre paralelas o coincidentes en las distintas lenguas. Por otro
lado, no cabe duda de que el anlisis de un vocabulario, desde el punto de vista de la metfora,
proporciona cierta unidad y sistematicidad a la terminologa. Dichas formulaciones pueden
ayudar, adems, a su retencin en la memoria a largo plazo y a enfocar el estudio del vocabulario
desde otra perspectiva [8].
contextualizacin del trmino dio como resultado el uso de ms de una traduccin, se incluyeron
todos los trminos encontrados, aun cuando el experto pueda hallar matices algo diferentes en
unos y otros casos. Tomemos, por ejemplo, el caso del trmino primordial soup, en relacin con
el origen de la vida en la tierra, que en su versin en espaol aparece traducido unas veces como
caldo primordial o primigenio y otras como sopa primordial. Aun cuando, desde un punto
de vista lingstico, pueda parecer que sopa primordial es una traduccin literal calcada del
ingls, no por ello se han dejado de incluir ambas entradas (caldo primordial o primigenio y
sopa primordial); se ha tenido en cuenta que es posible hallar ambos trminos en publicaciones
recientes en la red.
**************
Comencemos un recorrido por las actividades ms antiguas del hombre, que coinciden con los
lenguajes ms primitivos, como es el caso de la minera, tan antigua como la humanidad misma.
La Edad de Piedra es el momento histrico en que el hombre empez a utilizar la roca para
fabricar armas y utensilios, seguida por la Edad de Bronce y, posteriormente, la de Hierro. La
minera se puede definir como la actividad encaminada a la obtencin selectiva de minerales
y otros materiales a partir de la corteza terrestre, ya desde el momento en que el ser humano
comenz a resolver problemas para atender a sus necesidades. Se argumenta, incluso, que la
minera de superficie es anterior a la agricultura. Las primeras exploraciones de minerales y
metales que registra la historia son rudimentarias. Inicialmente, se vaciaban los yacimientos de
la superficie pero, con el tiempo, las excavaciones se fueron haciendo ms profundas, dando
lugar a la minera subterrnea. De aqu que, desde los primeros tiempos, el lenguaje del laboreo
de minas sea el reflejo de un modo de comunicacin cercano a las actividades diarias del hombre,
muchas veces ceido a una localidad, y que tambin deja traslucir la dureza del trabajo del laboreo
de la mina. Ejemplos de expresiones metafricas de este lenguaje del da a da son mandil,
jaula, bocamina y frente de ataque. Otras se acercan al mundo animal, como topo, burro
y cochino, para denominar la maquinaria de trabajo [9]. Con las innovaciones tecnolgicas, se
han ido introduciendo expresiones metafricas ms elaboradas, como inyeccin a presin o
xliii
Hasta el presente, la mayora de las herramientas utilizadas por las sociedades modernas
requieren de productos mineros. Se puede decir que la minera es la madre de todas las industrias,
por ser ella quin aporta las materias primas que las dems actividades precisan para cubrir
las necesidades derivadas del proceso de desarrollo de la humanidad. Ms an, todas las otras
actividades del sector primario ya sea la agricultura, la pesca o bien la selvicultura solo pueden
desarrollarse a partir de una base de materiales herramientas y mquinas construidos con
productos de la extraccin de las minas. Esto deja patente la omnipresencia de la minera en el
quehacer del hombre, siempre destinada a servir y proporcionar bienestar a la humanidad.
Sin menoscabo de otros trminos no metafricos, basta un somero anlisis del lenguaje de
las ciencias de la tierra para ver que las conceptualizaciones que los cientficos hacen de los
fenmenos terrestres y de los estudios de las rocas y los minerales tienen, con frecuencia, un
carcter tpicamente antropocntrico; es decir, basado en el conocimiento del hombre de s
mismo y de sus experiencias vitales: roca madre, temblor, testigo y marea viva o muerta
son solo una muestra de dichos trminos metafricos [12]. Algunos ejemplos de metforas
conceptuales que se aportan dentro de ambas partes (espaolingls e inglsespaol) de este
volumen, en formato destacado, tambin dan fe de ello como <EL AGUA ES UN SER VIVO>,
<EL ACERO ES UNA PERSONA> o <LAS ROCAS SON ENTES SOCIALES>. Tambin
abundan dentro de esta rea las metforas de imagen, como anillo, banco, can, abanico y
xliv
ojo de buey, entre otras muchas. E imgenes ms elaboradas como en el caso de las chimeneas
hidrotermales. El uso de este trmino implica la transposicin de la visin del humo oscuro y
caliente que asciende por la chimenea para definir el fenmeno de algunas fuentes hidrotermales
del fondo del ocano, que se forman cuando el agua sobrecalentada entra en contacto con el agua
de mar casi congelada, precipitando los minerales que contiene; esto da como resultado una
columna ascendente de agua ms oscura que el resto, que recrea la imagen del humo saliendo
por una chimenea.
En la evolucin histrica del deporte, los Juegos Olmpicos griegos son el acontecimiento
deportivo ms importante de la antigedad con combates de carreras hpicas y atlticas que,
posteriormente, el Imperio Romano ayud a extender, por ejemplo con las luchas de gladiadores
en la arena de los grandes coliseos [13]. Ms adelante, ya en el siglo XIX aparecen los juegos
organizados y su desarrollo fue la reaccin de un mundo ms ordenado y civilizado. Todas
las clases sociales tomaron parte en los nuevos juegos reglados, extendindose por todos los
pueblos, simbolizando tanto la individualidad de un equipo o regin como la cohesin de un
pas o sociedad en un mundo globalizado. Este hecho favoreci la recuperacin de los Juegos
Olmpicos modernos ampliando el nmero de modalidades deportivas [14].
Avanzado el siglo XX, surge la industria deportiva que pone su foco de atencin en todos los
segmentos de la poblacin; ya no se limita a los profesionales del deporte o a los aficionados,
sino que la actividad fsica aparece como producto dirigido especficamente a los nios en edad
escolar, a la poblacin adulta, a mujeres embarazadas, a discapacitados, etc. El hombre construye
numerosas instalaciones deportivas para cubrir esta necesidad, que ahora tambin se relaciona
con el ocio y con la salud. Paralelamente, los estudios de ciencias de la actividad fsica y del
deporte encuentran su hueco y se consolidan abarcando distintas especialidades. En definitiva,
la historia del deporte est ligada a la evolucin del ser humano desde tiempos remotos hasta
la actualidad, tanto es as que se puede decir que sta es parte integrante de la cultura de la
sociedad. A lo largo de su historia han surgido metforas conceptuales como <EL CUERPO
HUMANO ES UNA CONSTRUCCIN>, entre otras, con trminos como piernas fundidas en
bloques de cemento o umbral aerbico [15], que incluimos dentro del Diccionario para ilustrar
la presencia del pensamiento metafrico dentro de este campo. Trminos metafricos como
estos encuentran un gran aliado en los medios de comunicacin que hacen que se expandan y se
consoliden rpidamente.
Por lo que respecta a la arquitectura, aunque la vivienda data de tiempos inmemoriales, las
metforas en este campo estn vinculadas, principalmente, al proceso creativo que el arquitecto
ejerce al proyectar su obra. As, por ejemplo, se emplean trminos como aguja de la catedral,
bveda de can o esqueleto de un edificio. Frart de Chambray [16], ya en el siglo XVII,
xlvi
se refera a esta cuestin y deca que el Arte de la Arquitectura no consista solo en palabras,
sino que su demostracin deba ser palpable y visible en la obra y producir sentimientos. Se
podra decir, pues, que la arquitectura posee su propio lenguaje y el mensaje que recibimos
de una obra depende no solo del mensaje que el arquitecto quiso transmitir de la misma, tal
como la construy, sino de cmo la entendemos nosotros, de acuerdo con nuestra individual
condicin y circunstancia cultural, emocional e intelectual. Ambos sentidos de la comunicacin
son importantes para comprender la riqueza de las metforas conceptuales que se recogen en
este diccionario, y que tienen su origen en los procesos cognitivos inherentes al ser humano en
general y, en este caso, al colectivo de arquitectos en particular. Markus [17] seal que el lenguaje
est en la mdula de la creacin, uso y comprensin de los edificios; de ah que existan trminos
como faldn, faja, viga durmiente, arco ciego, ojo de buey o estribo saliente, por citar
algunos ejemplos, que ayudan a comprender la utilidad de estos elementos arquitectnicos.
En cuanto a la ingeniera civil, an perduran hoy da los restos de grandiosas obras civiles
cuya construccin proviene de la ms remota antigedad, baste citar los puentes y las calzadas
romanos, las pirmides egipcias o la gran muralla china. Los artfices de estas edificaciones de
la edad antigua eran considerados arquitectos-constructores o artesanos de la construccin. La
denominacin ingeniera deriva, segn fuentes histricas, del latn ingenium y hace alusin
a la capacidad humana de inventar. De aqu se acu igualmente el trmino ingls engine.
Posteriormente este concepto ampli su significado pasando a designar un tipo de ariete o
catapulta utilizado para atacar las murallas de las ciudades (ao 200). A finales del siglo VIII, se
generaliz el uso de ingeniator referido al operador de estas catapultas. La ingeniera civil como
tal se desarrolla a partir del siglo XIX con motivo de un cambio reflejado en el perfeccionamiento
de nuevos materiales de construccin. A diferencia de la arquitectura, que contina empleando
la piedra como material principal, el ingeniero civil desarrolla el uso del hierro y el acero en la
edificacin de puentes o edificios industriales. El apelativo civil pone de relieve el carcter
pblico, no militar ni religioso, de la obra construida. Las obras pblicas adems de puentes
xlvii
La metfora del ser vivo en sus distintas manifestaciones, en especial la relacionada con la
medicina, cobra protagonismo en la ingeniera civil. El cientficoingeniero humanista del siglo
XV Leonardo da Vinci se bas, para las investigaciones de sus diseos y obras de ingeniera,
en las proporciones de la anatoma humana a las que aplic algoritmos matemticos, como
refleja su famoso dibujo del hombre de Vitrubio. Concretamente, Leonardo se inspir en los
conocimientos del arquitecto romano Marco Vitrubio y lleg a plantear una ciudad basada en las
funciones del cuerpo humano. Vitrubio haba llegado a la conclusin de que los seres humanos
contaban con idnticas y precisas proporciones y segn esto recomendaba usar unas pautas
matemticamente parecidas como modelo en la construccin de edificios y templos.
En 1828, la Institucin de ingenieros civiles londinense (ICE), presidida por Thomas Telford,
defina en sus estatutos a la ingeniera civil usando las palabras de Thomas Tredgold como: El
arte de dirigir los grandes recursos de la naturaleza para el uso y conveniencia del hombre
[20]. Recientemente, en 2007, esta definicin se ha actualizado, aunque el mensaje principal
referido a la interaccin ingenieronaturaleza permanece intacto: La ingeniera civil es un arte
fundamental, que trabaja con las grandes fuerzas de la naturaleza para la riqueza y bienestar
de toda la sociedad [21]. El inters del ingeniero civil se encamina a disear y construir
grandes estructuras de uso pblico a travs del dominio de elementos naturales, como el agua
(presas, puentes, canales, puertos), el terreno (carreteras, tneles, plataformas, edificios), o
el aire (aeropuertos). El ingeniero acta sobre la naturaleza y debe conocer sus reacciones y
comportamientos, principal objeto de clculo y estudio, para tener xito en su intervencin.
Partiendo de estas condiciones y en este contexto surgen y se afianzan metforas conceptuales
ontolgicas como <LA OBRA DE INGENIERA ES UN SER VIVO> o <EL INGENIERO ES
UN ARTFICE/CREADOR>. La metfora vincula campos de significado dispares; como es el
caso de la obra de ingeniera con un ser vivo que sufre patologas, fatiga, fisuras, fracturas
o colapsos, entre otras dolencias. El ingeniero debe asegurarse de prevenir y, llegado el caso,
tratar problemas como estos en su prctica profesional. En uno de los destacados, a modo de
ficha, que se incluyen en este diccionario se desarrolla esta metfora conceptual.
en desuso. Tal es el caso de rbol, que ya se denominaba como palo o mastelero. La nueva
tcnica de construccin naval con hierro y vapor dej fuera de uso trminos de la construccin
de madera y dio lugar a la introduccin ciertos neologismos, herederos de la terminologa
de la fortificacin militar para denominar trminos de artillera naval tales como barbeta,
casamatas, torres o manteletes. En lneas generales se puede afirmar que el lenguaje naval se
caracteriza por la falta de polisemia; un tecnicismo posee un nico significado para evitar errores
[22]. Asimismo, el mbito naval posee un lxico tan rico como antiguo y su dominio supone
un bagaje incalculable de la cultura espaola, copartcipe de la cultura naval mediterrnea. Hay
varios trminos de esta lengua franca, o parla mediterrnea, que han influido en el lxico naval
ingls tales como almirante, bergantn o fragata que se tradujeron al ingls por los trminos
admiral, brigantine y frigate y viceversa, trminos procedentes del ingls que han entrado en el
castellano a travs del francs, por ejemplo trinquete, tolete y escotilla. Resultan de sumo
inters trminos metafricos navales en castellano que relacionan elementos del barco con
distintas partes del cuerpo humano o animal: ojo de la escalera, oreja (ancla con cepo), pie
gallo y rabo de rata son solo unos ejemplos de los que figuran en este Diccionario.
El deseo de volar est presente en la humanidad desde siempre, probablemente an antes de caro,
quien hizo unas alas de plumas unidas con cera, para escapar del laberinto de Creta. Los primeros
vuelos que se recogen en la historia fueron realizados en globos que flotaban en el aire. Despus
aparecieron los dirigibles, que lograban la sustentacin aerosttica mediante depsitos llenos
de un gas de menor densidad a la atmsfera circundante. En el XIX, surgieron los planeadores
de Lilienthal, que perpetuaron lo establecido por sir George Cayley, el llamado padre de la
aeronutica y a partir de ese momento comenzaron a construirse los primeros aeroplanos
equipados con motor, que aun siendo impulsados por ayudas externas, apenas lograban despegar
y recorrer unos metros. No fue hasta 1903 cuando los hermanos Wright lograron el primer vuelo
con xito. Desde entonces, el empleo del espacio areo a escala nacional e internacional supuso
que se planteara la necesidad de establecer leyes y regulaciones que permitieran un trfico areo
eficiente y seguro. Por ello, en 1944 se firm La Convencin de Chicago formndose la OACI
(Organizacin de Aviacin Civil Internacional) o ICAO, en ingls, que cuenta en la actualidad
con ciento noventa pases miembros.
El estudio de la jerga cientfica aeronutica refleja los orgenes y desarrollo de esta disciplina
y pone de manifiesto que la metfora, que es parte inherente del discurso y desempea un
papel fundamental en la construccin del significado [23], era utilizada por los pioneros de la
aviacin para transmitir sus hallazgos [24]. Estos entusiastas organizaban los nuevos conceptos
xlix
Encontramos en este mbito metforas de imagen que se construyen a partir del emparejamiento
de la imagen esquemtica de un dominio origen con la de un dominio destino y se basan en
correspondencias entre facetas perceptivas de ambos, como en ratn (tecnologas de la
informacin) o gazapo, consistente en un error en un programa informtico. Tambin con una
gran frecuencia hallamos el empleo de la metonimia. Algunos ejemplos en la telecomunicacin
pueden ser: pulso, que designa el todo mediante una caracterstica dominante (la accin de
pulsar), digital, por el empleo mediante los dgitos o mvil, que se registra en los diccionarios
l
Vemos, por lo tanto, que, desde las actividades ms antiguas del hombre hasta los ms avanzados
desarrollos de las tecnologas y los nuevos descubrimientos, la metfora y la metonimia
contribuyen no solo a dar nombre y a explicar dichos avances, sino a pensar sobre la propia
ciencia. Segn Fauconnier, la expresin lingstica es la cumbre visible del iceberg invisible de la
construccin de significado que tiene lugar cuando pensamos y hablamos [26]. Se puede decir,
por consiguiente, que el lenguaje es una de las manifestaciones ms prominentes del pensamiento
y que a travs del anlisis del lenguaje en profundidad podemos llegar a conocer cmo piensa el
ser humano y cules son los mecanismos que utiliza el cerebro para construir significado. Este
es el caso del mecanismo utilizado para la creacin de los conceptos: se observa que existen
rasgos comunes a las distintas culturas y lenguas, como por ejemplo que su formacin tiende a
operar por medio de interrelaciones metafricas y metonmicas; es decir, que el uso del lenguaje
figurado pone de relieve las conexiones mentales de significados entre mbitos de experiencia
diferentes.
NOTA:
Las estructuras metafricas se presentan en maysculas y entre signos
Referencias
[1] Arutiunova, N. D. (1994). Metfora: enfoque lingstico. Cuadernos de Filologa Italiana, (1) 13-25.
[2] Garca Yebra, V. (1982). Teora y Prctica de la Traduccin. Madrid: Gredos.
[3] Fahnestock, J. (1999). Rhetorical Figures in Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 4-7.
[4] Alcaraz, E. y Martnez, M. A. (2004). Diccionario de Lingstica Moderna. Barcelona: Ariel.
[5] Black, M. (1993). More about Metaphor en Ortony A. (ed.) Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: CUP.
[6] Cuadrado, G. y Durn, P. (2013). Proposal for a Semantic Hierarchy of Terminological Metaphors in Science and
Technology. International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol 3, 4: 1-14.
[7] Roldn-Riejos, A. y beda Mansilla, P. (2013). Metaphor in the ESP engineering context. Ibrica, 25: 107-126.
[8] Roldn-Riejos, A., beda Mansilla, P. y Santiago Lpez, J. (2011). The Language of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
New Castle: Cambridge Scholars.
[9] Cuadrado, G. y Pierce, J. (2015) El mundo subterrneo de la metfora: base terica y anlisis de los trminos
metafricos mineros en espaol. En Duffe, A. (ed.) Reflexiones sobre el lxico: puntos y contrapunto. Bruselas: Peter
Lang, 157-181.
[10] Plinio, S. C. Historia natural. Obra completa. Madrid: Gredos.
li
[11] Reisman, D. C. (ed.) (2003). Before and After Avicenna: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Avicenna Study
Group. Leiden: Brill.
[12] Cuadrado, G. y Durn, P. (2013). Rocks are human beings: Researching the Humanizing Metaphor in Earth
Science Scientific Texts. Global Journal of Human Social Science. Geography, Geo-Sciences, Environmental Disaster
Management, Vol. 13, 7: 55-64.
[13] Mandell, R. (2006). Historia cultural del deporte. Barcelona: Bellaterra.
[14] Gonzlez, T. (2000). El deporte a travs del arte: el mundo antiguo del agn al ludus. Madrid: Consejera de
Educacin. Direccin General de Deportes.
[15] Gmez-Ortiz, M. J. (2005) La metfora visual en las ciencias de la actividad fsica y el deporte. En Sanz, I. (ed.)
Las nuevas tendencias de las lenguas de especialidad en un contexto internacional y multicultural. Granada: Universidad de
Granada, 821-828.
[16] Forty, A. (2000) Words and Buildings: A vocabulary of Modern Architecture. Londres: Thames Hudson.
[17] Markus, T. (1993). Building and Power. Londres: Routledge.
[18] beda Mansilla, P. (2003). Metaphor at work: a study of metaphors used by European architects when talking
about their projects. Ibrica, 5: 35-48.
[19] Ungerer, F. y Schmid, H. J. (1996). An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman, 118.
[20] The Institution of Civil Engineers (1829) Transactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Volume 3, Part 1.
London.
[21] The Institution of Civil Engineers (2013). Royal Charter, By-laws, Regulations and Rules. London: ICE.
[22] Alvar, M. (1984). Lxico de los marineros peninsulares. Madrid: Arco Libros.
[23] Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[24] Robisco Martn, M. M. (2010). Anlisis cognitivo de las preposiciones en torno al eje de verticalidad en el ingls para la
aeronutica. Madrid: Doppel.
[25] Argelles, I. y Cuadrado, G. (2005). Anlisis de la metfora y la metonimia en el lenguaje de la
telecomunicacin. En Curado, A., Rico, M., Domnguez, E., Edwards, P., Alejo, R. y Garrido, J. A. (eds.) Languages for
Academic and Professional Purposes in the 21st Century University Framework. Cceres: Universidad de Extremadura,
211-217.
[26] Fauconnier, G. (1997). Mappings in Thought and Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.
lii
One of the tasks of the scientific community is to name new scientific discoveries as they
come up, considering that the dimensions of the universe cannot be grasped at once. Hence,
scientists have an open field to explore ahead of them. For linguists, the analysis of scientific
and technological language turns out to be an exciting commitment as it is a way of delving
into human thinking and its linguistic counterparts, among which metaphor stands out. The
Bilingual Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Metaphors and Metonymies provides evidence for
this analysis and tries to fill a gap in the field of scientific and technical language, namely, that of
compiling metaphorical and metonymic terms and expressions in their most updated Spanish
and English versions.
From the point of view of figurative language, we have verified that the use of metaphorical
and metonymic terms in science and technology is highly frequent. Each language has its own
particular way of mapping them, as is shown in the variety of expressions and shades of meaning
used to express concepts. Differences in languages depend on historical and cultural aspects, as
well as on the physical environment. However, regarding the mechanisms employed to create
concepts, certain characteristics appear to be shared among different cultures, for example, the
way metaphorical relationships operate and how meaning connections are established between
two or more realms of experience. The awareness of these connections is not new; if we
consider that it was Aristotle who initiated the study of metaphor [1]. The very word metaphor
means transposition in Greek. Garca Yebra [2], quoting the scholar Dmaso Alonso, explains
that metaphor, far from being a mere rhetorical resource, has taken part in the creation of the
majority of the language we speak. Likewise, Fahnestock [3], in her detailed study of rhetorical
figures in science, affirms that metaphor is one of the dominant resources employed by the
human mind to reflect on scientific phenomena and describe them.
in a wide sense means to clean or purge and it is used in chemistry, pharmacy or medicine with
this meaning. Yet, in computing, depurar (to debug) or depuracin de datos (data purification)
inherits a metaphoric map that links the general meaning transposition of depurar (to purify)
to computing data treatment, a different domain. This type of analysis, mainly addressed in
cognitive linguistics, assumes that most of our cognitive system operates at an unconscious level
and, as Black put it [5], very often metaphor is not only based on similarity but created by our
cognitive mechanisms. Thus, when we use the metaphoric expressions hierro activo (active iron)
or hierro inactivo (inactive or passivified iron) in metallurgy, we are mapping the organic quality
of activity upon steel, an inanimate object. In other words, we could, at this stage, claim that
scientific language includes subjective and imaginative features in a similar way to the mapping
of general language[6].
Metonymy is another pervasive cognitive mechanism in technical language that occurs when
one semantic part or feature of an entity serves to name a whole mapping [7]. It is different
from metaphor in that the meaning transfer occurs within the same domain thus giving rise
to associations that can be mainly causeeffect or partwhole. An example to illustrate this
is touchdown, which in aeronautical engineering is metonymic because it means the entire
landing action of an aircraft, not only a part, implying thus a partwhole relation. Likewise, in
aeronautical engineering, target recognition compresses a metonymic causeeffect relation
as it refers to a process (recognizing) that may lead to some action on a subsequent target. In
a nutshell, metaphor stands for the interrelation of various semantic domains by means of
similarity, contrast or comparison, imaginatively creating new analogies, whereas metonymy
engages a semantic part or feature of the source domain.
In this work, we have found that metaphor and metonymy use in technical language is not
consistent or operates in various scientific or technical fields consistently. Equally, conceptual or
linguistic metaphoric correspondences are not equivalent in English and Spanish. Yet, metaphor
identification can structure and bring systematicity to vocabulary study in any language. It can
also help in long term memory retention by triggering mental associations and analogy [8].
It is important to note that during the preparation of this dictionary, sometimes we found
identical lexical units with different translations in the sources used. As a selection criterion,
we decided to favour the updated use of those terms, contextualised in prestigious journals
and indexed in scientific databases usually online. In this decision process, whenever the
contextualization of a term resulted in the use of more than one translation, all terms found were
included. Thus, for example, the case of the term primordial soup, in relation to the origin of
life on earth, in its Spanish version appears sometimes translated as caldo primordial o primigenio
(primary or primordial broth), and others as sopa primordial (primordial soup). Even when,
from a linguistic point of view, it may seem that the Spanish sopa primordial is a calque from
the English term primordial soup, we have decided to include both inputs, since we took into
liv
consideration that it is possible to find both terms in recent publications in Spanish on the net.
Finally, in many cases, when ascribing terms to their corresponding field of science to
contextualize their metaphorical use, they were assigned to more than one field, given the
interrelationship between the various scientific disciplines. The interdisciplinary approach is
a characteristic feature in the use of scientific and technical terms contained in this book and
explains, in turn, the different translations of the same term in different contexts. In addition,
consultation with engineers and experts has been useful to elucidate the key concepts that help
to determine whether the meaning of a scientific and technical term is different from its meaning
in general use; this approach has been decisive in the inclusion of a lexical unit in this Dictionary.
*********
We can start our metaphorical journey by looking at one of the oldest human activities
Mining. The Stone Age marks a historical moment when humans began to use rocks to make
weapons and utensils from stone. Next, the Bronze Age followed which was characterized by the
introduction of weaponry and tools into human society. In the Iron Age weapons and tools were
primarily made out of iron and iron alloys remain popular today as the steels in most metallic
objects. Mining can be defined as the activity aimed at the selective extraction of minerals and
other materials from the earths crust, and coincides with the period when humans began to
solve problems according to their needs. It could be said that surface mining predates agriculture.
Early exploration of minerals and metals in recorded history are rudimentary. Initially, mining
work was carried out on the surface; however, over time, excavations became deeper, leading
to underground mining. Hence, from the earliest times, the language used in mining reflects
a manner of communication close to mans daily activities, often adhered to a locality, and at
the same time belies the hard work of tilling the mine. Examples of metaphorical expressions
taken from everyday life language are apron, shoe, pits mouth and frontal attack. Others
approach the animal world, such as mole, donkey and groundhog to describe the working
machinery [9]. With technological innovations, more elaborate metaphors like positive stress
or smooth blasting have been introduced.
To date, most of the tools used by modern societies require mining products. It can be said that
mining is the mother of all industries, for it is the mine which brings raw materials that other
activities need in the development of humanity. Furthermore, all other primary sector activities
whether agriculture, fisheries or forestry can only develop from tools and machines, created
mostly by materials extracted from mines. This exemplifies clearly the ubiquitous presence of
mining in our daily life, always available to serve and provide progress to mankind.
In the dawn of geology, the study of the materials that make up the Earth may be traced back
to the fourth century BC in old Greece, followed by Rome where Pliny [10], in the first century,
published a large work on Natural History covering topics that include geography, geology,
lv
minerals and metals. The contributions from the Arab world are also worth mentioning,
especially those of Avicenna [11] (2nd century) concerning topics fundamental to modern geology
such as mountain formation and the causes of earthquakes together with the theories about
the evolution of oceans and continents in the tenth and eleventh centuries. Although this is not
the place to develop the history of mining and geology, it is nonetheless worth mentioning that
mans interest in his most immediate environment has resulted in the development of mining
and geology prior to other scientific fields, and that these fields have served as a foundation for
the growth and development of many others up to our days. We may just point out that geology
becomes fundamental in the exploration of mineral deposits (mining) and hydrocarbons (oil and
natural gas), the evaluation of hydric resources (hydrogeology), and the study of natural disasters
such as earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions, which are still occurring. Geology also
provides information for the study of climatic changes and environmental sciences and is
essential in geotechnical studies and civil engineering. All these are manifested in its vocabulary
richness and the great variety of metaphorical terms included in this field.
Leaving aside equally important non-metaphorical terms, just a quick analysis of the language
of Earth Sciences leads us to conclude that scientists conceptualize Earth phenomena, as well
as the study of rocks and minerals, from an anthropocentric standpoint; that is, based on mans
self-knowledge and human vital experiences. Thus, mother rock, quake or tremble, witness
mark and lively water or dead water are only a sample of such metaphorical terms [12].
Examples of conceptual metaphors highlighted in both parts of this volume (SpanishEnglish
and EnglishSpanish) such as <WATER IS A LIVING ORGANISM>, <STEEL IS A PERSON>
or <ROCKS ARE SOCIAL ENTITIES> also reveal the same standpoint. Within this area, image
metaphors also abound: ring, bench, canyon (from Spanish can), fan and ox-eye, plus
much more elaborated images such as hydrothermal vents called black smokers are just a
few. The term black smokers implies the transposition of the image of dark and hot smoke
ascending from its source (black smoker), or through a chimney in the Spanish version (chimeneas
hidrotermales, hydrothermal chimneys), to the phenomenon that occurs when hot magma from
a hydrothermal vent meets near-freezing seawater, precipitating minerals and other substances,
thus producing a very dark smoke.
The origin of agriculture dates back to ancient periods in the history of mankind. Probably, the
transition from the hunting and gathering society to the agricultural society occurred gradually
between 15,000 and 11,000 BC. This implies that the language of agriculture not only draws
on metaphors, but is the source of a wide range of metaphors and metaphorical mappings for
other sciences and human knowledge in general, as well. The most important is, undoubtedly,
the very word culture, which comes from mapping land cultivation on the cultivation of the
human mind. However, despite having their origin in a distant past, modern agronomy has gone
through a parallel revolution to other disciplines, incorporating new scientific discoveries in
new areas as biotechnology, ecology and agro-energy. Today, agricultural engineering covers the
lvi
study of the different plant and animal breeds, and of such broad disciplines as the construction
of farm buildings, the land use in rural areas, agricultural mechanization, irrigation, the defense
environment and, finally, the transformation of the products of nature through agricultural and
food industries. Throughout its history, scientific and technical development has led to the need
to create a new vocabulary that would support and conceptualize the new technological realities.
And, in many cases, people who created them made use of metaphor for the expression of new
concepts, as shown in the many metaphorical terms used in biotechnology (genomic library,
junk DNA or host cell) or environmental science (carbon sequestration, greenhouse
effect), in which sustainability, a term created from the pre-conceptual basic scheme of object
manipulation, has become a key word.
Closely related to agronomy, and sharing much of its areas, forestry engineering has, however,
a much more recent origin. Its beginning took place in Germany, although in Spain, the date
of 1833, when the General Ordinances of Forestry came into force, is considered the time of
onset of this area of technology. In the United Kingdom, forestry seems a fairly new area as well.
Although the original purpose of this part of science and technology was limited to improving
the productivity of forests, its scope has evolved and expanded, to include the development and
optimization of forests, and the harvesting and processing of forest products. Like in agronomy,
the language of forestry has been constantly nourished by metaphors, many of which derived
from the human body and its functions to explain our knowledge of trees and other vegetable
kingdom. Thus, the terms breathing, ovaries or root hairs related to plants are just some
examples.
With regard to Physical Activity and Sport, its origin dates back to ancient times and it is
mainly associated with human need for defense and the series of dangers that surrounded
mankind. Hence, in order to escape from the hostile environment humans learned to run, jump
and swim. At the same time, their innate desire to compete with others and dominate them and
also to avoid defeats, they invented activities such as judo or karate. In addition, to be ready
for combat, they practiced these activities regularly. For this reason, new sports emerged that
prepared men for war and taught them endurance, courage ... the qualities of a fighter. In short,
the desire to defend and survive explains the origin of most sports.
The Greek Olympic Games is the biggest sporting event of antiquity in the historical evolution
of sport with combats between sportsmen and combats in horse races. In addition, the Roman
Empire helped to spread the games, for example with gladiator fights in the arena [13]. Later,
in the nineteenth century, organized games appear and thus the development of team games
were the reaction of a more orderly and civilized world. All social classes took part in the new
regulated games, symbolizing both the individuality of a team or region, and the cohesion of a
country or society in a globalized world. This favoured the recovery of the modern Olympic
Games and increased the number of sports disciplines [14].
lvii
Later in the twentieth century, the sports industry led to a big rise in the number of people
participating in sports and put the focus on all segments of the population. Sport was no longer a
matter only for professional sportsmen or fans; the transformation of sport into physical activity
appears as a new concept and product aimed specifically at children, adults, pregnant women,
disabled people, etc. For this reason, numerous sports facilities were built to meet these needs,
which are now related to leisure and health as well. In parallel, studies of Sciences of Physical
Activity and Sport find its niche and consolidate covering different areas. In short, sports history
has been linked to the evolution of human beings since ancient times to the present, so it can be
said that this is an integral part of the culture of our society. Throughout history there have been
conceptual metaphors such as <THE HUMAN BODY IS A CONSTRUCTION> with terms
like legs welded or melted in concrete blocks or anaerobic threshold [15] which are included
in the Dictionary to illustrate the presence of metaphorical thought in this field. Metaphorical
terms like these find a great ally in the media which make them expand and consolidate rapidly.
Concerning architecture, although human habitation dates back to time immemorial, the
metaphors in this field are linked, mainly, to the creative process that architects develop when
projecting their work. Thus, for example, the word aguja in Spanish which literally translates
as needle, when transferred to the field of architecture is what in English would be called the
spire of the cathedral. Other words such as the barrel vault or skeleton of a building are
used in both languages with the same architectural meaning. Frart de Chambray [16], already in
the seventeenth century, referred to this issue and stated that the Art of Architecture did not only
consist of words, but that its demonstration should be tangible and visible in the finished work
provoking in the spectator some kind of feeling. It could be said, therefore, that architecture
possesses its own language and the message we receive from an architectural work depends
not only on the message the architect meant to transmit about it, just as it was built, but also
on how we understand it according to our own individual conditions and cultural, emotional
and intellectual circumstances. Both sides of this communication process are important to
understand the richness of conceptual metaphors that are brought together in this dictionary
and which have their origin in the cognitive processes inherent to human beings in general, and
in this case, to the world of architects in particular. Markus [17] pointed out that language is of
the essence in the creation, use and understanding of buildings; which explains why words such
as pitch, of a roof, girdle, sleeper, blind arch or bulls eye exist in architectural language,
to mention just a few examples. These help understand the actual use of these architectural
elements.
Language is considered a necessary part of architecture and at the same time, a system in itself,
probably due to the uncounscious mechanism to identify architecture fundamentally with the
mental task of invention and creativity [18]. In the metaphor boxes inserted in the Dictionary,
the most representative and common conceptual metaphors relating to architectural language
have been included; for example, when the architects experience suggests that both the building
lviii
and the city are living things, they actually refer to this idea by using the following metaphors:
<THE BUILDING IS A LIVING THING> or <THE BUILDING IS A HUMAN BEING>. Other
metaphors may refer to those jobs that have developed human creativeness and may seem rather
peculiar. These are for example expressions such as <THE ARCHITECT IS A TAILOR>, <THE
ARCHITECT IS A WARRIOR> and <THE ARCHITECT IS A PHYSICIAN>. Ungerer and
Schmid [19] claim that metaphors are not just a way of expressing ideas through language, but
a way of thinking about things. No doubt, in the field of architecture this is a very rich, fruitful
and recurring mechanism.
Focusing on civil engineering, some of the most outstanding civil engineering works that
were built in ancient times are still standing today. Roman bridges and highways, the Egyptian
pyramids or the Great Wall in China, are examples of this. The builders of these works in the old
ages were considered architectconstructors or construction artisans. The name engineering
comes from Latin ingenium and refers to the human capacity of invention. From this word, the
English word engine was coined. Later on this concept widened its meaning to designate a kind
of ram or catapult used to attack city walls (AD 200). At the end of the seventh century, the use
of ingeniator referred to the catapult operator was extended. Civil engineering as such developed
from the nineteenth century onwards due to the improvement of new construction materials.
Contrary to architecture, that still used stone as its main material, civil engineering developed the
use of iron and steel in the construction of bridges or industrial buildings. The civil designation
characterizes the public side of the built structure, instead of the military or religious one. Public
Works include bridges and large buildings, ports, dams, tunnels, railway tracks and highways, as
well as canals and channels.
The living being metaphor, expressed in different ways, plays a leading role in civil engineering,
eventually leading to the medical metaphor. Leonardo da Vinci, the fifteenth century scientist
and engineer, made use of human anatomy proportions in his designs and engineering artifacts
to which he applied mathematical logarithms, as reflected in his famous drawing named
Vitruvius man. Leonardo found inspiration in the data of Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius,
and planned building a city based on the human body functions. Vitruvius had come to the
conclusion that human beings share identical and accurate proportions and accordingly he
developed mathematic patterns as a model for the construction of buildings and temples.
In 1828, the Institution of civil engineering in London, chaired by Thomas Telford, defined civil
engineering by using Thomas Tredgolds words as: the art of directing the great sources of
power in nature for the use and convenience of man [20]. In 2007, this definition was updated,
although the main message about the engineering-nature interaction is again highlighted: Civil
engineering is a vital art, working with the great sources of power in nature for the wealth and
well-being of the whole of society [21]. Accordingly, the main interest of civil engineering lies in
the design and construction of large public structures by means of the control of natural elements
lix
such as water (dams, bridges, channels, ports), earth (highways, tunnels, platforms, buildings),
or air (airports). The engineer operates in and with nature and must know its reactions and
behaviour in order to accomplish their work. It is in this scenario and within this context that
ontological metaphors such as <ENGINEERING WORKS ARE LIVING BEINGS> and <THE
ENGINEER IS A MAKER/CREATOR> arise and take hold at a linguistic level. This metaphor
links different domains, for example the analogy of engineering work with the living being that
can suffer pathologies, fatigue, fissures, fractures, distress and collapse, among other
disorders. The engineer must prevent and if necessary treat these problems in their professional
practice. Some metaphor boxes included in this dictionary develop this conceptual metaphor.
The discovery of America led to major changes in the Spanish nautical language. Ocean naval
language emerged little by little and was compiled in various works, such as Alonso de Chavess
glossary in 1536. Sailors left their mark on the American context using words that originally were
technical terms in ships and have gradually become commonly used words in our everyday life,
e.g. to anchor, which today also means the act of firmly securing to the ground or elsewhere
any object. To anchor also means metaphorically in Spanish to cling tightly to ideas or attitudes.
OScalans Dictionary in 1831 includes some terms from the Mediterranean nautical language
(parla mediterrnea) which had fallen into disuse. Such is the case of rbol (tree), which was
substituted by palo or mastelero (mast or topmast).
The new iron and steam shipbuilding techniques shed wood construction terms and led to
the introduction of certain neologisms, heirs of the military fortification terminology used
to designate terms of naval artillery: barbeta, casamatas, torres or manteletes (racking seizing,
casemates, towers or mantelets). Generally speaking, Spanish naval language is characterized
by the lack of polysemy; a technical term has just one meaning to avoid making mistakes [22].
Besides, the Spanish nautical world has both an old and rich vocabulary. Its mastery entails a
priceless wealth of the Spanish culture, partner of Mediterranean naval culture. Several terms
of this naval lingua franca have been adopted in English: admiral, brigantine or frigate. There
also have been English nautical terms which have entered the Spanish lexicon via French: tolete
and escotilla (thole-pin, scuttle). Finally, it is very interesting to note that there are metaphorical
terms in Spanish relating parts of the ship with different parts of a human or animal body, such
as oreja de la escalera (literally, ear of a stair), oreja (ear, a type of anchor), pie de gallo (crowfoot)
and rabo de rata (rat tail). These are some of the examples included in this dictionary.
The rapid advances in Aeronautics is due largely to two factors: (a) military aviation activities,
which had a great impact during the two World Wars, and (b) commercial purposes of air
transport, which began in the interwar period and have become at this point the driver of
aeronautical development.
The desire to fly is an idea handed down to us by our ancestors, according to Wilbur Wright. One
lx
example is the classic flying myth of Icarus, whose father, with the purpose of escaping from the
labyrinth of Crete, built wings for him, fashioned with feathers held together with wax. The first
flights recorded in history were performed on balloons that floated in air. Then, early airships
emerged whose lift was provided by tanks filled with a gas of lower density than the surrounding
cooler air. During the nineteenth century, Sir George Cayley, known as the father of Aeronautics,
conceived a flying machine with fixed wing, a propulsion system and control surfaces and
Lilienthal flew more than 2000 gliders. From that moment, the first airplanes equipped with
engines began to be built, but they could barely take off and fly a few metres. It was not until
1903 that the Wright brothers made the first successful flight. Since then, governments saw the
need to agree on certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation
could be developed in a safe and orderly manner and in order that international air transport
services would allow safe and efficient air traffic. Therefore, in 1944 the Chicago Convention
forming the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) was signed, which currently has
190 Member countries.
The study of the Aeronautical language reflects the origins and development of this discipline
and shows that the metaphor, which is an inherent part of speech and plays a key role in the
construction of meaning [23], was used by the pioneers of aviation to transmit their findings
[24]. These enthusiasts systematized new abstract concepts based upon their own experience.
They coined new aeronautical terms by using ordinary language (nose, wing, tail, etc.) and
by borrowing terms from other sciences as nautical which had undergone major development
(ship, boarding, rudder, heading, etc.). Today this practice has become commonplace among
manufacturers of aircraft, who promote their new aircraft by using other cognitive domains.
Thus, for example, they conceptualized long-range aircraft as luxury hotels. In this context,
conceptual metaphors such as <AN AIRCRAFT IS A LIVING BEING>, <AIR NAVIGATION
IS MARITIME NAVIGATION><AIRSPACE IS EARTHSPACE> come out and link domains
which are diverse in meaning.
Essential nowadays both for navigation and aeronautics, telecommunication dates back to the
thirteenth century BC when the Greeks used bonfires to represent the letters of the alphabet.
Since then, distance communication developed through smoke signs or in the case of maritime
communication, with the aid of flags. The language of telecommunications, as well as its
development, is based on physics and other theoretical disciplines and, therefore, its terminology
emerges from these sciences; but it is the constant development of inventions and technologies,
besides the necessary description of physical phenomena that were not known, which forces the
constant lexical creation that takes place within this area. The telegraph represented one of the
most important advances in telecommunications and reached its peak in the last decade of the
eighteenth century. In 1866, the last obstacle for telegraphic communications was saved, the sea,
by means of a cable that joined Europe with America.
lxi
The invention and spread of electricity and especially its use for communication generated an
enormous revolution in the society of the nineteenth century. The instantaneous transmission
of words across electrical wires or by waves of radio would be much faster: the telephone
and the radio were invented. The next border to be crossed was the transmission of sound
by radioelectric waves; the triode was invented and in 1906 electronics was born side by side
with radiotelegraphy. Satellites were born in the sixties and a decade later, optical fibre, which
offers the highest capacities for voice, image and information transmission. The evolution of
microelectronics, software and telecommunication infrastructures together with digitalization,
laid the foundations for the technological convergence of telecommunications, computer science
and audio-visual media giving birth to the Information and Communication Technologies, ICT,
whose paradigm is the internet.
We find in this area image metaphors appearing from the matching of the schematic image of
a source domain with that of a target domain and based on relationships between perceptive
facets of both, as in mouse (Information Technologies) or bug, consisting of a mistake in an IT
program. Furthermore, we frequently find metonymies such as pulse that designate the whole
by means of a dominant characteristic (the action to pulse) of the source; digital due to the use
of digits or mobile, which is registered in specialized dictionaries as a type of telephone and
where quite clearly a prominent feature that distinguishes this type from other telephones has
given name to the whole category.
We can notice, therefore, that, from the most ancient human activities up to the most advanced
technology developments and new discoveries, metaphor and metonymy help not only to give
names and to explain the above mentioned advances, but to think about science itself. According
to Fauconnier, A recurrent finding has been that visible language is only the tip of the iceberg
of invisible meaning construction that goes on as we think and talk [26]. Consequently, it can
be said that language is one of the most prominent manifestations of thought and that, through
the analysis of language in depth we can manage to know how the human mind thinks and
which are the mechanisms that our brain uses to construct meaning. This is the case of the
cognitive mechanisms used for the creation of the concepts. Certain common features can be
observed in different cultures and languages, for example that new concepts tend to be produced
by means of metaphorical and metonymic interrelations. In other words, the use of figurative
language emphasizes mental connections between meanings from different areas of experience.
Throughout this work of synopsis and study of metaphorical and metonymic scientific
expressions and technical terms, we have confirmed that metaphorical thought, present in all
manifestations of human language, can be found extensively in the area of science and technology.
NOTE: 1 Conceptual metaphoric formulations appear capitalized and between angle brackets.
lxii
References
[1] Arutiunova, N. D. (1994). Metfora: enfoque lingstico. Cuadernos de Filologa Italiana, (1) 13-25.
[2] Garca Yebra, V. (1982). Teora y Prctica de la Traduccin. Madrid: Gredos.
[3] Fahnestock, J. (1999). Rhetorical Figures in Science. New York: Oxford University Press. 4-7.
[4] Alcaraz, E. and Martnez, M. A. (2004). Diccionario de Lingstica Moderna. Ariel.
[5] Black, M. (1993). More about Metaphor. In Ortony A. (ed.) Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: CUP.
[6] Cuadrado, G. and Durn, P. (2013). Proposal for a Semantic Hierarchy of Terminological Metaphors in Science and
Technology. International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol 3, 4: 1-14.
[7] Roldn-Riejos, A. and beda Mansilla, P. (2013). Metaphor in the ESP engineering context. Ibrica, 25: 107-126.
[8] Roldn-Riejos, A., beda Mansilla, P. and Santiago Lpez, J. (2011). The Language of Architecture and Civil Engineering. New
Castle: Cambridge Scholars.
[9] Cuadrado, G and Pierce, J. (2015) El mundo subterrneo de la metfora: base terica y anlisis de los trminos
metafricos mineros en espaol. In Duffe, A. (ed.) Reflexiones sobre el lxico: puntos y contrapunto. Brussels: Peter Lang, 157-181.
[10] Pliny, S. C. Natural History. Complete work. Madrid: Gredos.
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[12] Cuadrado, G. and Durn, P. (2013). Rocks are human beings: Researching the Humanizing Metaphor in Earth Science
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7: 55-64.
[13] Mandell, R. (2006). Historia cultural del deporte. Barcelona: Bellaterra.
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nuevas tendencias de las lenguas de especialidad en un contexto internacional y multicultural. Granada: Universidad de Granada,
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[26] Fauconnier, G. (1997). Mappings in Thought and Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1
Parte I
EspaolIngls
SpanishEnglish
2
A
a ciegas, transmisin ~[ing aer] blind fan antenna, spider web aerial
transmission abanico, antena en ~[ing teleco] fanned
a ciegas, volar ~[ing aer]fly blind (to) antenna, fan aerial
a cielo abierto, laboreo(miner)[ing min] open- abanico, bveda de ~[arq] fan vault
pit mining, surfacing abanico, explotacin con barrenos en ~
a cielo abierto, minera ~[ing min] open-pit (miner)[ing min] fan cut works
mining abanico, formacin en ~(ciclis)[cc act fsica y
a cielo abierto, transporte ~(miner)[ing min] dep]fan formation
surface conveyance abanico, pliegue en ~[ing geol/min]box fold,
a vela, volar ~[ing aer]soar (to), glide (to) fanfold
a vela, vuelo ~[ing aer]soaring, gliding abanico, proa de ~[ing nav mart y oc]flare-
abanderamiento(vela)[cc act fsica y dep] out bow
registration abanico, radiobaliza de ~[ing aer]fan marker
abanderar(vela)[cc act fsica y dep] register (to) abanico, rodar en ~(ciclis)[cc act fsica y dep]
abandonar (explotacin de mina)[ing min] make a bordure (to)
abandon (to), run to waste (to) || (pozo de petrleo) abanico, vela de ~[ing nav mart y oc]spritsail
[ing min] junk (to) abaniqueo(vela)[cc act fsica y dep]pumping
abandonar la aerova[ing aer] leave airway (to) abeja obrera[ing agrofor]worker bee
abandonar nivel[ing aer] leave flight level (to) abeja reina[ing agrofor]queen bee
abandono (minas)[ing min] abandonment abejas virtuales[ing agrofor/inform]virtual
abanico (forma)[arq]fan || (transp)[ing nav bees
mart y oc] crane || [ing aer/geol/teleco]fan || aberracin esfrica(ptica)[fs]spherical
[ing nav mart y oc]derrick aberration
abanico aluvial[ing geol/min]alluvial fan, abertura (ensenadas)[ing nav mart y oc] small
alluvial cone bay
abanico de entrada[ing nav mart y oc] fan-in abertura de boca (llaves)(indr)across flats
abanico de salida[ing nav mart y oc] fan-out (50mm)
abanico fluvial[ing geol/min]alluvial fan abierta, falla ~[ing geol/min]gap fault, open
abanico submarino[ing geol/min] submarine fault
fan, abyssal fan abierta, formacin ~[ing aer]open formation
abanico, antena direccional de ~[ing teleco] abierto (aparatos)[ing teleco]open
3 acarreo
El acero es hierro combinado con carbono, con distintos grados de dureza y de elasticidad.
En el campo de la metalurgia, para dar nombre a los distintos tipos de acero -que poseen
cualidades distintivas propias- se utilizan con frecuencia trminos metafricos de carcter
antropocntrico. As, el anlisis detallado de los trminos que diferencian las distintas
particularidades del acero nos lleva a afirmar que se conceptualiza como una persona; es decir,
como un individuo de la especie humana dotado de personalidad o rasgos que le distinguen
de los dems.
En el lenguaje general, nos encontramos con el uso inverso de esta metfora. Es decir, el acero,
a su vez, sirve para describir el carcter de algunos individuos con valor, nimo y resolucin:
es un individuo con temple de acero. Esta reciprocidad viene a subrayar la adecuacin de la
aplicacin de ciertos rasgos personales al acero, con sentido metafrico.
Esta metfora conceptual se manifiesta tambin en ingls, aunque no a todos los trminos
metafricos les corresponde una traduccin literal. Por ejemplo, acero fatigorresistente es
fatigue-resisting steel y acero muerto es dead steel; sin embargo, acero calmado se traduce
por killed steel y acero no calmado por lively steel, trminos metafricos de distinta raz en
espaol e ingls pero con un parecido semntico. Lo mismo sucede con acero dbil que
se traduce por mild steel y con acero dulce cuya traduccin es soft steel. Y en cuanto a la
palabra alma, su equivalente en ingls es centre; as, acero con alma suave es soft-centred
steel. De aqu la importancia de conocer y comprender las equivalencias traductolgicas entre
los trminos metafricos en ambas lenguas, para asegurar una correcta comunicacin tanto
en espaol como en ingls.
Pilar Durn-Escribano
acintado, filn ~ 6
Mara-Mar Robisco-Martn
alimentacin, agua de ~ 14
anclado en la colchoneta(gimn)[cc act fsica y ngulo entre alas(transp)[ing nav mart y oc]
dep]anchored to the mat bevel
anclaje(elem arq)anchor ngulo llano[ing aer]straight angle
anclaje de vigueta[ing civil]joist anchor, ngulo muerto(maq)loss angle || [ing aer]
anchorage blind spot
anclaje de zapatas(elem arq)shoe anchor anidamiento[ing inform]nesting
anclaje, rbol de ~(maq)head tree anillo(mec, maq)ring
anclaje, junta de ~(elem arq, constr)[arq] anillo, rotor de ~(mec, maq)slip ring
anchor joint armature
anclaje, terminal de ~[ing inform] tie terminal anillo abrazadera(mec, maq)clamp ring
anclaje, varilla de ~(miner)[ing min]tie rod anillo cerrado, revestimiento de ~[ing min]
anclar[arq, ing civil/agrofor]anchor (to) solid crib timbering
anfibio[ing aer]amphibian anillo de almacenamiento(acelerador de
anfibio, carro ~(armas)alligator partculas)(nucl)[fs]storage ring
anfibio, helicptero ~[ing aer]amphibian anillo de garganta(mec, maq)neck ring
helicopter anillo de garganta de barrenos[ing min] ring
anfibio, ultraligero ~[ing aer]amphibious holes
microlight anillo de esfuerzos[ing min]ring stress
anfiteatro, valle en ~[ing geol/min] anillo de garganta gua[ing min]guide ring
amphitheatrical valley anillo de la boca (caones)(armas)muzzle ring
anfitrin[ing inform]host anillo de sostenimiento (tneles)[ing civil] ring
ngel, salto de ~(nat)[cc act fsica y dep] anillo de sostenimiento de la camisa (altos
swallow dive hornos)(metalurg)[ing min]mantle carrier ring,
angular con bulbo (nervio)(transp)[ing nav mantle supporting ring
mart y oc]bulb angle-bar anillo en derivacin, devanado de ~(electr)
ngulo crtico de ataque[ing aer]critical [ing elc] parallel ring winding
angle of attack anillo y barra, circuito de ~(electr)[ing elc]
ngulo de ataque[ing aer/min]angle of attack ring-bar circuit
ngulo de cabeceo[ing aer/nav marit y oc] anillo, arrollamiento en ~(maq, mec)ring
pitch angle, angle of pitch winding
ngulo de cabeceo de contacto[ing min] angle anillo, calibrador de ~(maq, mec)ring gauge
of nip anillo, calibre de ~(maq, mec)ring gauge
ngulo de deriva[ing aer]angle of crab anillo, circuito en ~(electr)[ing elc] ring
ngulo de derrota[ing aer]track angle circuit
ngulo de despegue(atl)[cc act fsica y dep] anillo, conductor de ~[ing teleco]R-wire
angle of release anillo, conexin en ~[ing elc]ring
ngulo de flecha[ing aer]sweep angle connection
ngulo de guiada[ing aer]angle of yaw anillo, conmutador de ~(electr)[ing elc] ring
ngulo de los dientes (sierras)(maq)pitch switch
ngulo de mordedura(maq)pinch angling anillo, contador en ~(electric)[ing elc]ring
ngulo de prdida[ing aer]angle of stall counter
ngulo de picado[ing aer]dive angle anillo, desmodulador en ~[ing teleco]ring
ngulo de reposo(maq)angle of repose demodulator
ngulo de senda de planeo[ing aer]glide path anillo, devanado de ~[ing elc] ring winding
angle anillo, embrague de ~(mec)ring clutch
ngulo del viento[ing aer]wind angle
anillo, inducido de ~ 18
anillo, inducido de ~[ing elc] ring armature antenna, spider web aerial
anillo, llave de ~(herram)ring spanner antena en abanico[ing teleco]fanned antenna,
anillo, oscilador en ~(electr)[ing elc]ring fan aerial
oscillator antena en cortina[ing teleco]curtain array,
anillo, topologa en ~[ing inform/ teleco] ring curtain aerial
topology antena en paraguas[ing teleco]umbrella
anillo, transporte en ~(miner)[ing min] circle aerial
haul antena fantasma[ing teleco]phantom aerial,
anillos horizontales, perforacin con ~ quiescent aerial
(miner)[ing min]horizontal-ring drilling antena parsita[ing teleco]parasitic antenna,
anillos, red de ~[ing inform/teleco]ring- parasitic aerial
down network, ringed network antena, ganancia de ~[ing teleco]antenna
nima (caones, tubos)(armas)bore || (taladros) gain
(maq)web antepecho(elem arq)parapet, pane wall
nima clara (caones)(armas)bore clear antichorro[ing aer]antiblast
nima del can(armas)gun bore antiparsitos , filtro ~[ing teleco]radio noise
nima lisa (caones)(armas)smooth bore suppression filter
nima, tapones para limpieza de ~(tiro)[cc antirrebufo[ing aer]antiblast
act fsica y dep]cleaning pellets antivirus[ing inform]antivirus
aniquilacin, fotn de ~(nucl) [fs] anular, corriente ~(electric)[ing elc] ring
annihilation photon current
aniquilacin, irradiacin de ~(nucl)[fs] anular, devanado ~(electric)[ing elc] ring
annihilation irradiation winding
antagonismo[biotec]antagonism anular, electroimn ~(magn)[fs]annular
antagonista[biotec]antagonist electromagnet
antena cerrada[ing teleco]loop antenna anular, elemento ~ (hlices)(mec)[ing indr/aer]
antena de arrastre[ing aer]trailing aerial ring element
antena de globo[ing teleco]balloon antenna anular, engranaje ~(mec, maq)ring gear
antena de ltigo(radio)[ing teleco]whip anular, imn ~ (gras)(mec)ring magnet
antenna anular, modulador ~(electr)[ing elc]ring
antena de senda de planeo[ing aer]glide path modulator
aerial anular, vlvula ~(maq, mec)[ing indr] annular
antena de sentido[ing aer]sense antenna valve
antena direccional de abanico[ing teleco] fan apagada, cal ~(constr)dead lime, slaked lime
apagar la cal(constr)kill lime (to)
apaador(bis)[cc act fsica y dep]catcher
aparato de alimentacin(maq)feed apparatus
aparato de gobierno(transp)[ing nav mart y
oc]steering gear
apareamiento entre hermanos (maz)(fitotec)
[ing agrofor]sib mating
aparear (maz)(fitotec)[ing agrofor] mate (to)
aparejo de gata(maq)cat tackle
aparejo de sogas (muros ladrillo)(constr)[arq]
stretching bond
Anillo. Fotgrafo: Beatriz Rodrguez. CC BY 2.5 aparejo de tizones (muros ladrillo)(constr)[arq]
19 arco atirantado
R
R/3
Arco. Fotgrafo: Ronnie Macdonald CC BY 2.0 Arco de herradura. Dibujo: Guillermo Avancini Alcibar.
21 as de gua
asalto(esgr)[cc act fsica y dep]bout, assault, (to), attack (to) || (fitotec)[ing agrofor]attack (to),
loose play || (lucha, box)[cc act fsica y dep] round tamp (to) || (metales)(metalurg)[ing indr/min]pit
asentamiento(constr)[arq]settlement, (to)
emplacement || (cimientos)[ing civil] settlement atacar con cido(prueba)[qum]etch (to), acid
asentarse[arq]seat (to) etch (to), etch in acid (to)
asiento(constr)[ing civil]saddle || (miner) atacar por delante(ciclis)[cc act fsica y dep] go
[ing min]settlement, sinkage, sag || (cimientos) off from the front (to)
[ing civil]seating, settlement || (muros, atacar por detrs(ciclis)[cc act fsica y dep]
terrenos)[arq]bedding attack from the rear (to)
asiento de la mquina(maq)engine seating ataque[cc act fsica y dep]offence, attack ||
asiento de la vlvula(maq)valve seat [qum]etching || (atl)[cc act fsica y dep] early
asiento del edificio[arq]settlement part of the flight path || (fitotec)[ing agrofor]
asiento del edificio por su propio peso[arq] attack
inherent settlement ataque a un lateral(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep]
asiento insertado (vlvulas)(maq)inserted seat wing attack
asiento, tener ~ (terrenos, cimientos) (constr)[ing ataque al cido[qum]etching
geol]settle (to) ataque al cido, poro de ~[qum]etch pit
asociado, mineral ~(mineralog)[ing geol/ ataque al cido, pulido por ~(metalotec)[ing
min]accompanying mineral min]attack polishing
spero, vino ~(enolog) [ing agrofor] pungent ataque al hierro(esgr)[cc act fsica y dep]
wine attack on the blade
aspiracin, tubera de ~[ing indr]induction ataque al suelo, variante de ~[ing aer]
line, suction line ground-attack variant
astillosa, fractura ~(mineralog)[ing min] hacky ataque de canasta a canasta(balonc)[cc act
fracture fsica y dep]coast to coast
atacado qumico[qum]chemical edging ataque de pulido[qum]polishing etch
atacado, separacin por ~[qum]etching ataque en red(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]net shot
atacante(esgr, judo)[cc act fsica y dep] ataque qumico[qum]etching
attacking fencer, attacker ataque qumico, grabar por ~(metalist)[ing
atacar(esgr)[cc act fsica y dep]entry, strap indr]etch (to)
ataque qumico, poro de ~[qum]etch pit
ataque trmico(metalograf)[ing indr/min]
thermal etching
ataque, ngulo de ~[ing aer/min]angle of
attack
ataque, apoyo en ~(voleib)[cc act fsica y dep]
attack support
ataque, encauzar un ~(balonm)[cc act fsica y
dep]ward off an attack (to)
ataque, frente de ~(miner)[ing min]face,
forebreast || [ing civil]tunnel face || (galera de
minas)(miner)[ing min]gate-end
ataque, juego de ~(bdmin)[cc act fsica y dep]
attacking
Articulacin de horquilla. Fotgrafo: Beatriz Rodrguez. CC BY ataque, lnea de ~(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]
2.5 forward line
23 avin bombero
Todos estos trminos y otros muchos ms, provenientes del lenguaje ordinario, que hacen
referencia a los principales componentes o a las funciones de una aeronave y que hoy en
da pertenecen al uso cotidiano de la aeronutica, se crearon de acuerdo a la percepcin y
categorizacin de los pioneros de la aviacin a principio del siglo pasado, cuando estaban
deseosos de comunicar sus inventos y avances a la comunidad discursiva a la que pertenecan.
Su experiencia corprea impuls la creacin de numerosas metforas con el fin de
conceptualizar aquellas nuevas mquinas con las que no estaban muy familiarizados.
Mara-Mar Robisco-Martn
26
B
babero(elem arq)flaunching balancn, eje de ~(mec)rocker shaft, rocking
bache de aire[ing aer]air pocket, air pack shaft
baches, aire con ~[ing aer]bumpy air balancn, vlvula de ~(maq)[ing indr] rocker
bacterias de vida libre[biol]free-living operated valve
nitrogen-fixer bacteria balanza de corriente[ing teleco]current
baha[ing aer]flight progress board, flight strip balance
bay balanza frontal(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep]
baha de fichas de vuelo[ing aer]flight strip forward stand
bay, flight strip rack balanza lateral(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep]
bailoteo de ruedas delanteras[ing aer] wheel rearward horizontal stand
wobble balanza, pozo ~(miner)[ing min]upcast shaft
balanceado(electr)[ing elc]push-pull balasto de asiento(maq)boxing
balanceador[ing teleco]wobbulator ballesta (tractores)(mec)[ing agrofor]leaf spring
balanceo[ing teleco] rocking, swing || (estruct) ballesta atrs(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep] back
[ing civil] sway || (maniobras) [ing aer] roll upstart
balanceo del holands[ing aer]dutch roll ballesta de cabeza(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep]
balancn(elem arq)swing || [ing aer]horn || head spring
[ing inform]cross link, gimbals, rocker arm, baln acompaado(voleib)[cc act fsica y dep]
walking beam || (miner)[ing min]fend off || held ball
(equipo de sondeo)[ing geol/min]walking beam baln de pera(box)[cc act fsica y dep]
|| (funderas)(metalist)[ing indr]fly beam, lifting punching ball, punch bag, punch ball
beam, sling-beam || (tren de sondeo)[ing geol/ baln medicinal[cc act fsica y dep] medicine
min]spring-pole ball, fitball
balancn de suspensin (gras)(construc)[ing baln muerto(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep] dead
civil]equalizing bar, rock level ball
balancn de vlvula de la culata (maq, motor) baln perdido(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep]
overhead-valve rocker turnover
balancn, bomba de ~(maq)walking beam baln prisionero[cc act fsica y dep] dodgeball
pump baln regalado(voleib)[cc act fsica y dep] free
balancn, conmutador de ~(electr)[ing elc] ball
whiffletree switch baln vivo(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep]live ball,
27 bao para fosfatar
Mara-Jos Gmez-Ortiz
barrera trmica 30
Bveda de abanico. Dibujo: Guillermo Avancini Alcibar Brazos del tractor. Fotgrafo: Beatriz Rodrguez. CC BY 2.5
brazo armado 36
brazo armado(atl)[cc act fsica y dep] throwing brecha de falla[ing geol/min]rock rubble
arm, wind-up of the arm brecha intrusiva[ing geol/min]intrusive
brazo de acceso(maq)access arm breccia
brazo de cigeal(maq, mec)crank arm brecha mineralizada(geol, mineralog)[ing
brazo de cuerda(tiro arco)[cc act fsica y dep] min]drag ore
string arm brecha sea(paleont)[ing min]breccia
brazo de garra(maq)claw arm brecha osfera(paleont) [ing min]bone bed
brazo de gra(maq, mec)crane boom, crane brecha volcnica[ing geol/min]eruptive
neck, crane beam, crane arm, crane mast breccia
brazo de la caa del timn(nav)[cc act fsica y brecha, abrir ~(ciclis)[cc act fsica y dep] leave
dep]tiller extension a gap (to)
brazo de manivela(maq)crank arm brida(elem arq)flange || (constr)[ing civil] scab
brazo de palanca del bocado(hp)[cc act fsica brida ciega(instalaciones) blank flange, blank
y dep]lever arm of the curb bit brida con cuello(instalaciones)neck flange
brazo del ancla(transp)[ing nav mart y oc] brida hembra(instalaciones)faucet flange
anchor arms, arms of the anchor brida loca(instalaciones)lap joint
brazo del cigeal(motor, maq)[ing brida macho(instalaciones) spigot flange
agrofor]crankshaft arm brida terminal(elem arq)end flange
brazo del cucharn, eje en el ~(excavadoras) brillante(gemolog,mineralog)[ing min]
[ing geol/min] shipper shaft brilliant, brilliant-cut diamond
brazo del imn(maq)magnet limb broca de cuchara(maq, herram)shell bit
brazo ejecutor[cc act fsica y dep]throwing broca de espiga cilndrica(herram)straight-
arm shank drill
brazo giratorio(maq, mec)swinging arm broca de espiga piramidal(herram)taper
brazo libre(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]free arm square shank drill
brazo mvil[cc act fsica y dep]movable arm, broca para extraer machos rotos(herram) tap
sliding arm, arm band drill
brazo mvil(gras)(maq, construc)movable bruto, cobre ~(metalurg, mineralog)[ing
jib min]coarse-copper, blister copper
brazo mvil, gra de ~(maq)[ing civil] derrick bruto, diamante aluvial en ~(mineralog)[ing
brazo oscilante(maq, mec)rocker-arm geol/min]uncut alluvial diamond
brazo portador(atl)[cc act fsica y dep] bruto, diamante en ~(mineralog)[ing geol/
throwing arm min]rough diamond, uncut diamond
brazo rodado(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep] flying bruto, hierro ~ (pudelado)(metalurg)[ing
mare min]puddle bar
brazo, lmpara de ~[ing indr]articulating bucle[arq, ing inform]loop
lamp, bracket lamp bucle abierto[ing inform]open loop
brazo, soldadora de ~(metalotec)[ing indr/ bucle cerrado[ing inform]closed loop
min]boom welder bucle de abonado(electr)[ing elc] subscriber
brazos hidrulicos(maq)[ing agrofor] loop
hydraulic arms bucle de control de realimentacin(electr)
brazos, cigeal de varios ~(maq, mec) [ing elc] feedback control loop
multicrankshaft bucle de realimentacin[ing elc]feedback
brecha(miner)[ing min]opening || [cc act fsica loop
y dep]gap, breakthrough bucle de servo(electr)[ing elc]servo-loop
brecha de falla(miner)[ing min]fault stuff bucle infinito(electr)[ing elc]infinite loop
37 buzn
C
cabalgamiento[ing geol/min]overthrust fault nav mart y oc] pitching, plunging
caballaje(maq)[ing agrofor]horse power cabeceo del pistn(maq)piston slip
caballera, proyeccin ~ (geometra, dibujo tc) cabeceo violento (buque en la mar)(transp)[ing
[arq]cavalier projection, cavalier perspective, nav mart y oc]oil canning
high view point cabeceo, amortiguamiento del ~(transp)[ing
caballero, posicin del ~(nat)[cc act fsica y nav mart y oc]pitch-damping
dep]knight position cabeceo, ngulo de ~[ing aer/nav marit y oc]
caballete(pirag)[cc act fsica y dep] boat rack pitch angle, angle of pitch
|| (remo)[cc act fsica y dep]boat stretcher || cabeceo, indicador de ~[ing aer]pitch
(cubiertas) (constr)[arq]ridge indicator
caballete de sondeo(maq)bore frame cabeceo, mando de ~[ing aer]elevator control
caballete para remeter urdimbres (textil) cabeceo, momento de ~[ing aer]pitching
(maq)looming frame moment
caballito, hacer el ~(motciclis)[cc act fsica y cabecera(elemento arq)chevet || (maq) header,
dep]lift the front wheel up while riding (to) top || (ros)[geograf, geol] head, riverhead ||
caballo[ing min]barrenness (tneles)[ing civil]heading
caballo con arcos(juegos)[cc act fsica y dep] cabecera de batn (telares)(maq)lay end
horse || (gimn)[cc act fsica y dep] pommel horse cabecera de pista[ing aer] runway threshold
caballo de acero, de hierro(ciclis)[cc act fsica cabecera, aguas de ~ (ros)[ing geol/min]
y dep]bicycle headwater
caballo de fuerza(maq)[ing agrofor]horse cabellera (cometas)(astrofs)[fs]hair
power cabeza(elem arq)[arq, ing inform]head
caballo de saltos(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep] cabeza achatada, remache de ~(constr,
vaulting horse herram, maq)[ing civil]flathead rivet
caballo de troya[ing inform] trojan horse cabeza ahuecada(maq)recessed head
caballo de vapor[ing aer]horsepower cabeza alta, guas de ~[ing aer]head-up
caballo mtrico(metrolog)[fs]metric guidance
horsepower cabeza alta, visor de ~[ing aer]head-up
cabaa[ing agrofor]stock display
cabeceo(tv)[ing teleco] pan down || (aviones) [ing cabeza atmica(armas) [ing aer]atomic
aer] pitch, pitching motion || (buques) (transp)[ing warhead
39 cabeza embutida, remache de ~
cable con hilos desnudos(electric)[ing indr] cadena, desintegracin en ~[ing teleco] chain
bare wire disintegration
cable de cola, sistema de ~(miner)[ing min] cadena, emitir en ~[ing teleco]link up (to)
tail-rope system, cable system cadena, programa en ~[ing inform] program
cable desnudo(electric)[ing elc]bare cable cadena, reaccin en ~[fs]chain reaction
cable en estrella[ing teleco]spiral squad cadena, rueda dentada de ~(mec)sprocket
cable gua(instalaciones)[ing elc]leader cable wheel
cable guiador(instalaciones)[ing elc] leader cadena, sierra de ~(herram, maq)chain saw
cable cadenada(topog)chaining, chain, chainage
cable sacatestigos (sondeos)[ing geol/min] wire cadenas claras (buque anclado)(transp)[ing nav
line coring mart y oc]clear hawse
cable sin fin(maq, mec)endless line cadera alada(judo)[cc act fsica y dep] spring
cable tractor(maq, mec)lead line hip throw
cable va vivo[ing agrofor]live cableway cadete(kr)[cc act fsica y dep]cadet
cabo contrahecho(transp)[ing nav mart y oc] caer en plancha(vela)[cc act fsica y dep]flop
twice-laid rope (to)
cabra(ciclis)[cc act fsica y dep] a bicycle with cada[ing inform]roll-off || (vela)(transp)[ing
cowhorn handlebars nav mart y oc]leech, skirt
cabrilla, sierra ~(herram, maq)whipsaw, pit cada de lnea[ing teleco]line break
saw cada libre[cc act fsica y dep]free fall || [ing
cabrilleo[ing aer]pilot-induced oscillation aer]skydiving
cadver estelar(astrofs)dead star cada trmica(meteor)heat drop
cadveres, recoger ~(ciclis)[cc act fsica y dep] caja(forma) [arq]box || [ing min]vein wall
pick up bodies (to) || (fitotec)[ing agrofor]propagating bin,
cadena(forma) [arq]chain || [ing inform] chain, capsule of closed carpels || (ascensores)[ing
string indr]shaft || (empalmes)[ing indr]let-in ||
cadena alimentaria(indr alimen)[ing agrofor] (laminador)(metalurg)[ing indr]bearer
food chain, food cycle caja acabadora (laminador)(metalurg)[ing indr]
cadena cerrada[qum]ring, closed chain finishing stand
cadena de absorcin[ing civil]absorbing caja acstica[ing teleco]sound box
boom caja alar[ing aer]wing box
cadena de dientes invertidos(maq, mec) caja alta (fundicin)(metalurg)[ing indr] top box
inverted tooth chain caja ciega(espacio) [arq]fly tower || [ing
cadena de emisoras[ing inform]network teleco]blank case
cadena de fisin(nucl)[fs]fission chain caja de aire (botes)(transp)[ing nav mart y oc]
cadena de montaje(indr)assembly line, air case, air tank
production line caja de alimentacin[ing teleco]feed box
cadena de rosario(mec)bead chain caja de almacenamiento[ing inform] storage
cadena de suelos(edafolog) [ing agrofor] soil box
chain caja de avances(maq)feed box
cadena de suspensin[ing civil]sling caja de ecos[ing teleco]echo box
cadena lateral[qum]side chain caja de fuego(calderas)(transp)[ing nav mart y
cadena sin fin(maq, mec)endless chain oc]fire box
cadena tipo margarita[ing inform] daisy chain caja de mordaza extractora(miner)[ing min]
cadena, aislador de ~(maq)string insulator core-spring case
caja de resorte extractor 42
Dentro de la caja de piedra, una caja de vidrio, toda en vidrio. (descripcin del arquitecto)
La metfora de <<EL EDIFICIO ES UNA CAJA>>, podra considerarse como una de las ms
pragmticas dentro del campo de los mapas conceptuales que se produce en el mbito de
la arquitectura. Dentro del mundo anglosajn se utiliza ms en los entornos profesionales
americanos que en los ingleses. La metfora ms utilizada es la caja ciega (fly tower). Es
posible hallar, adems, otras expresiones basadas en analogas como el edificio es un bloque,
es un contenedor, es un depsito, o en expresiones de carcter funcional, como la caja
almacena. En ingls block y container se corresponden.
Paloma beda-Mansilla
capa gua[ing geol/min]key bed capitn[cc act fsica y dep/ing nav marit y oc]
capa impermeable[ing civil]blanket captain
construction capitn de jardines (retretes)(transp)[ing nav
capa incompetente(rocas)[ing geol/min] mart y oc]captain of the head
incompetent layer cap[ing aer]cowl
capa inferior de cimentacin(carreteras)[ing capotar[ing aer]nose over (to)
civil]bottoming capotar, tendencia a ~[ing aer]tendency to
capa lmite[ing aer]boundary layer nose over
capa lmite, valla de ~[ing aer]boundary layer cpsula(fitotec)[ing agrofor]capsule
fence, wing fence captura[ing teleco]trapping
capa oxidada (metales)(metalurg)[ing min] scale captura de senda de planeo[ing aer]capture
capa reflectora (ssmica)[ing geol]reflecting of glide slope
bed captura, nivel de ~ (semiconduc.)(electr)[ing
capa volcnica[ing geol/min]igneous rock elc] trapping level
sheet capturar[ing aer]capture (to)
capa, galera en ~(miner)[ing min]level in the capucha de cabina[ing aer]cockpit hood
seam cara[arq]face, facet || [ing teleco]face, panel ||
capa, vela de ~[ing nav mart y oc]storm sail (cristales)(cristalogrf)[ing min]face || (lingotes de
capacete (hlices)(transp)[ing nav mart y oc] acero)(metalurg)[ing min]flute
hood, cap, cone cara activa (hlices)(transp)[ing nav mart y
capacidad amortiguadora[ing agrofor] buffer- oc]thrust face, driving face, face
action cara catdica[ing teleco]cathode face
capacidad de resistir la deformacin cara de agrupamiento(mineralog) [ing min]
(hormign)[ing civil]consistence composition face
capacidad de trfico[ing teleco]traffic load, cara de crucero(mineralog)[ing min]cleavage
traffic-carrying capacity face
capas de relaciones[arq]layers of relations cara de deslizamiento(metalurg)[ing min]
capas de tramas[arq]layers of wefts gliding face
capas, estructura en ~(geol)[ing min]sheet cara de deslizamiento(mineralog) [ing min]
structure slip-face
capataz del frente[ing min]face boss cara de trabajo (tneles)(miner)[ing min]face
caperuza (chimeneas)(elem arq)chimney cowl cara de trabajo, mecanizacin de la(miner)
caperuza, aislador de ~(electr)[ing elc] hood [ing min]face mechanization
insulator cara de una vlvula[ing teleco]valve face
capilar, agua ~[ing geol/min]capillary water cara del arco(tiro arco)[cc act fsica y dep]face
capilar, depresin ~[ing geol/min]capillary of the bow
pressure release cara del estribo(constr)abutment back
capilar, elevacin ~[ing geol/min]capillary cara del palo(golf)[cc act fsica y dep]face of
lift the club
capilar, levantamiento ~ (gas natural)(miner) cara vista(constr)[arq]seen face
[ing min]capillary rise cara, lengeta de ~(mec)barefaced tongue
capilaridad[ing min]key bed caracol[anat, cc act fsica y dep]cochlea
capilla[ing teleco]hood || (invernaderos) caracol, escalera de ~(elem arq)spiral
(fitotec)[ing agrofor]span staircase
capilla, invernadero de ~[ing agrofor]chapel caracol, leva de ~(maq)snail cam
greenhouse caracola (sondeos)[ing min/civil]pole-hook
47 carta natica
refuelling hose || (tiro)[cc act fsica y dep]barrel open cut mining, stage working
plunge cielo abierto, laboreo a ~(miner)[ing min]
chupinazo[cc act fsica y dep]hard kick, fierce open pit mining, strip mining
shot cielo abierto, mina a ~(miner)[ing min]open
chupn(produc vegetal) [ing agrofor]lateral mine
branch, water shoot, sucker cielo abierto, minado a ~(miner)[ing min]
cicatrizar(matr)[arq/ing civil]heal up (to) surface mine
ciclo cerrado[ing teleco]closed cycle cielo abierto, trabajo a ~(miner)[ing min]
ciega de desage, galera ~(miner)[ing min] open-cast mining
drowned level cielo abierto en capas, explotacin a ~
ciega de radar, zona ~[ing teleco]blind spot (miner)[ing min]stripping
zone cielo abierto por excavadoras, explotacin a
ciega, brida ~(instalaciones)blank flange, ~(miner)[ing min]strip mining
blank cielo aborregado[ing nav mart y oc]
ciega, caja ~(espacio)[arq]fly tower || [ing mackerel sky
teleco]blank case cielo cubierto, explotacin a ~(miner)[ing
ciega, entrada ~[ing min]stub entry min]adit mining
ciega, galera ~(miner)[ing min]dumb drift, cielo raso[arq]hung ceiling
blind drift, blind level cielo, escaln de ~(miner)[ing min]overhand
ciega, seal ~ (balizas)[ing nav mart y oc] stope, open stope
unlighted buoy cielos abiertos[ing aer]open sky
ciega, tuerca ~(herram, maq)cap nut cielos abiertos bilaterales pero agresivos
ciega, velocidad ~[ing aer]blind speed [ing aer]aggressive policy of signing bilateral
ciega, yema ~(morfolog vegetal) [ing agrofor] open sky agreements
blind bud cielos cerrados[ing aer]closed skies
ciega, zona ~[ing aer]blind area cierre[ing min]bulkhead || [ing teleco] close,
ciegas, aterrizar a ~[ing aer]make a blind closer, closing, closure, latch, lock, lock-out,
landing (to) seal, sealing, sealing-in, shutoff, shutdown,
ciegas, volar a ~[ing aer]fly blind (to) terminating
ciego (fachadas, espacios, edificios, puertas, cierre de boca[ing nav mart y oc]
ventanas)[arq]blind tumblehome
ciego, agujero ~[ing geol/min]blind hole, cierre de estrella(maq, mec)star closure,
dead hole kleene closure (star)
ciego, arco ~[elem arq]blind arch cierre de mariposa[ing indr]flat, damper,
ciego, frontn ~(elem arq)blind pediment throttling damper
ciego, intestino ~(anat)[cc act fsica y dep] cierre de pista[ing aer]runway closure
caecum, cecum cierre de rutas[ing aer]route closure
ciego, orificio ~ (caja elctrica)[ing nav mart y cierre del tragante (altos hornos)(metalurg)[ing
oc]knock-out hole, knock-out min]throat stopper
ciego, pase ~(balonc, balonm)[cc act fsica y cigea compuesta[ing indr]semi-built
dep]blind pass throw
ciego, pozo ~(constr)[ing civil]dumb well || cigeal(maq, mec, motor)crankshaft
(miner)[ing min]blind shaft, winze cigeal de tres muequillas(maq, mec,
ciego, valle ~[ing geol/min]blind valley motor)three throw crankshaft
cielo abierto, explotacin a ~(miner)[ing min] cigeal de varios brazos(maq, mec, motor)
multicrank shaft
cigeal, eje ~ 52
Cigeal. Fotgrafo: Beatriz Rodrguez. CC BY 2.5 Cinta alimentadora. Fotgrafo: Beatriz Rodrguez. CC BY 2.5
53 cobra, maniobra de la ~
Irina Argelles-lvarez
55 cofre
D
dado(elem arq)dado || (mec)[ing indr]boss, debacle[cc act fsica y dep]debacle
dowel dbil, corriente ~(electric)[ing elc]feeble
dado de resorte(mec)[ing indr]prong die current
dado de roscar(mec)[ing indr]threading die debilitamiento de los bosques(forest)[ing
dado deslizante(maq)[ing indr]sliding block agrofor]forest decline
dado falso(maq)[ing indr]fulham decaimiento (plantas)(fitotec)[ing agrofor]
daga(ornamentacin) [arq]dagger decline, decay
daga, perfil de ~(elem arq)dagger decapitado, barreno ~(miner)[ing min]cut-
dama, falsa ~ (altos hornos)(metalurg)[ing min] off hole
monkey-dam decapitado, lingote ~(metalurg)[ing min]
daos(constr)[ing civil]damage decapitated ingot
dar bordadas(vela)[cc act fsica y dep]tack (to) decapitado, ro ~[hidrolog, geol] beheaded
dar pomada[cc act fsica y dep]have a high river, captured river
ranking (to) dedal, impresora a ~[ing inform]thimble
dar viento(remo)[cc act fsica y dep]fill (to) printer
dardo(fitotec)[ing agrofor]short shoot dedo (forma)(elem arq)finger || (fitotec)[ing
dardo, vlvula de ~ (sondeos)(maq)[ing indr] agrofor]finger
dart valve dedo de arrastre[ing geol/min]catch nose,
datos enlazados[ing inform]linked data drive pin, striker pin, driving tongue || (tornos)
(mec, metalurg)[ing indr]catch pin
dedo de retenida(maq)[ing indr]finger
dedo expulsor(maq)[ing indr]flip-off finger
dedo guiador(maq)[ing indr]chute finger
dedo impulsor(maq)[ing indr]driving finger
dedo selector(maq)[ing indr]selecting finger
dedos de mantequilla(cricket)[cc act fsica y
dep]butterfingers
dedos de un incendio(forest)[ing agrofor]
fingers of a fire
defecacin, cal de ~ (para el azcar)(indr
alimen)[ing agrofor]temper
Dado. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez
defecar 66
E
ebullicin en masa(metalurg)[ing min], edificio autosuficiente[arq]autonomous
(termodin)[fs]pool boiling building, self sufficient building
ebullicin local(termodin)[fs]surface boiling edificio felpudo[arq]mat building
ebullicin pelicular(termodin)[fs]film edificio hermtico[arq]hermetically-sealed
boiling building
ebullicin violenta(petrolog)[ing min] edificio inteligente[arq]intelligent building
bumping edificio manta[arq]mat building
eco coherente(radar)[ing teleco]coherent edificio meseta[arq]plateaux building
echo edificio satlite[arq, ing aer]satellite building
eco de blanco[fs]target echo edificio sostenible[arq]sustainable building,
eco de lluvia[ing aer]rain returns green building
eco enmascarado[ing teleco]masked echo efecto catapulta(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]
eco fantasma[ing aer]ghost echo catapulting action
eco fijo[ing teleco]permanent echo efecto de afino del grano(metalurg)[ing min]
eco incoherente[ing teleco]noncoherent echo grain-refining effect
eco parsito(radar)[ing teleco]unwanted echo efecto de barrido(metalurg)[ing min] wiping
eco reflejado[fs]back echo effect
eco, imagen ~[fs]ghost image, double image || efecto de capa andica(metalurg)[ing min]
[ing teleco]multipath effect oxidized effect
economa azul[cc medioamb]blue economy efecto de corona negativa oscilante(electric)
economa sumergida(econ)hidden economy, [ing elc]pulsive negative corona
underground economy efecto de fondo (radiactividad)(nucl)[fs]
ecos fantasmas[ing teleco]ghost echoes background
ecos pticos[ing teleco]optical echoes efecto de islote (vlvulas)(electric)[ing elc]
ecos parsitos[ing aer]clutter inselbildung effect
edad de la ola(meteor)wave age efecto de nieve[ing teleco]snow effect
edad geolgica[ing geol]geological time efecto de pantalla(nucl)[fs]screening effect,
edad radiactiva del uranio[fs]uranium age screening
edad radiomtrica de la roca[ing geol/min] efecto de sombra(nucl)[fs]shadow effect
rock absolute age efecto de(l) haz[fs]beam effect
edades isotpicas[ing geol/min]isotopic ages efecto del fro rtico(metalurg)[ing min]
edificio alfombra[arq]mat building windchill effect
efecto enmascador local de seales 76
esparcir la defensa(ft)[cc act fsica y dep] mart y oc]cap, skysail pole, mast-head
spread the defence (to) espiga acodada, macho de ~(maq)[ing indr]
esprrago(mec, maq)stud bolt bent-shank tap
esprrago acanalado(mec, maq)grooved stud espiga cilndrica, broca de ~(herram)[ing
esprragos, soldadora de ~(metalotec)[ing indr]straight-shank drill
indr/min]stud setter espiga embuchada (trigo)(fitotec)[ing agrofor]
esprragos, soldadora porttil de ~ boot stage
(metalotec)[ing indr/min]stud gun espiga piramidal, broca de ~(herram)[ing
especie colonizadora(fitotec)[ing agrofor] indr]taper square shank drill
pioneer species espiga y campana, junta de ~ (tuberas)
especie huesped(fitotec)[ing agrofor]host (constr)bell-and-spigot joint
species espiga y mortaja, junta de(constr)[arq] cast-
especie invasora(ecolog)[cc medioamb] iron mortise-and-tenon joint, mortise-and-
pioneer species tenon joint
especie pionera(fitotec)[ing agrofor] pioneer espiga y muestra, junta de ~(constr)cogging
species espiga, acoplamiento de ~[ing teleco]spud-
espectral, radiacin ~[fs]spectrum light clutch
espectral, raya ~[fs]ghost line, spectrum line espiga, agujero para ~(maq)[ing indr]pinhole
espectro(electr)[ing elc] spectrum espiga, aislador de ~(electric)[ing elc]pin-
espectro, oscilograma de ~(electr)[ing elc] type insulator || (maq)pin insulator
spectrum display espiga, cerradura de ~[ing indr]pin lock
espectros, analizador de ~[ing teleco] espiga, conector de ~[ing inform/teleco]pin
spectrum analyzer connector
espejo de popa[ing nav mart y oc]upper espiga, empalme a/de ~[ing min]joggle,
stern, transom, escutcheon joggle-joint, tenon
espejo, oscilgrafo de ~(electr)[ing elc] espiga, junta de ~(herram)[ing indr]pegget
mirror oscillograph tenon joint
espejos, rueda de ~(mec)mirror wheel espiga, llave de ~ (cerraduras)(herram)[ing indr]
espejuelo[ing agrofor]spectacle pin key, pinned key
espera[ing aer]holding pattern espiga, pasador de ~(herram, maq)[ing indr]
espera, velocidad de ~[ing aer]holding speed shank pin
esperanza, ancla de la ~(transp)[ing nav mart
y oc]sheet anchor
espeso (formas, volumenes, edificios)[arq] dense,
thick
espesor del cuello (soldadura)(metalotec)[ing
indr]throat thickness, throat
espa[ing aer]spy aircraft || (cabos)[ing nav
mart y oc]warp, warping
espa, ancla de ~(transp)[ing nav mart y oc]
stream-anchor
espa, avin ~[ing aer]spy aircraft,
reconnaissance aircraft
espa, conexin ~(electr)[ing elc]wiretap
espa, satlite ~[ing aer]spy satellite
espiga(constr)[arq]pinpoint || (palos)[ing nav Espectro. Fotgrafo: Antonio Espinosa Barajas. CC BY 2.5
85
Silvia Molina-Plaza
espiga, tornillo de ~ 86
F
fbrica (rocas)[ing geol/min]fabric faja de apoyo (cortafuegos)(forest)[ing agrofor]
fbrica deposicional(petrolog)[ing geol/min] fire trace
depositional fabric faja de estacionamiento (aeropuertos)[ing aer]
facies columnar(mineralog)[ing min] side strip
columnar habitus fajar (rboles)(forest)[ing agrofor]band (to)
facies de agotamiento[ing geol/min]facies of falda(elem arq)windowsill || [ing min]slope,
exhaustion lappet, lap || (pirag)[cc act fsica y dep]skirt
factor clave[ing aer]key factor || (produc animal)[ing agrofor]skirt ||
factor de arrastre[ing teleco]pulling figure (montaas)[geograf/geol]hillside, side, flank
factor de bloque (ordenadores)[ing inform] faldilla(constr)flange, flanged edge || [ing min]
blocking factor fracture, crack, joint, flanging
factor de fuga[ing geol/min]escape factor faldn(elem arq)hipped roof || (hp)[cc act
faja(elem arq)fascia || (forest)[ing agrofor] fsica y dep]flap || (pirag)[cc act fsica y dep]
strip || [ing geol]strip || [ing min]belt (min) || spray deck, spray deck skirt || (cubiertas)(constr)
(entablamentos)(arq clsica)fascia [arq, ing civil]hip, pitch, slop
faja acorazada (blindada) bajo la flotacin faldn corto(constr)[arq]hipped end
(transp)[ing nav mart y oc]armoured belt, belt falla(patologa)[arq]void in || [ing geol/min]
faja auxiliar (cortafuegos)(forest)[ing agrofor] fault, displacement || (miner)[ing min]break
fire belt falla abierta[ing geol/min] gap fault, open fault
faja de aparcamiento(transp)[ing civil] parking falla acostada[ing geol/min]thrust fault,
apron overthrust
Faldn. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez. Falla. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
falla activa 90
El uso de la metfora biolgica y teraputica est ampliamente extendido tanto en las distintas
variedades del lenguaje tcnico como en el campo informtico; as hablamos de disco duro
infectado, de virus y antivirus, de desinfectar, proteger, vacunar y cuarentena.
En la ingeniera civil es comn referirse a las grandes estructuras (puentes, presas, tneles) y
tambin a los materiales que las sustentan como si se tratara de seres vivos o personas: <<LA
ESTRUCTURA DE INGENIERA CIVIL ES UN SER VIVO>>. Partiendo de ello se establece
una correlacin con el mbito teraputico, ya que si algo est vivo posee una anatoma,
puede sufrir patologas de fatiga o simplemente envejecer. Puede incluso tener un
alma, como es el caso de las vigas. La principal labor del ingeniero civil es precisamente la
de prevenir problemas y riesgos y subsanar los percances una vez que ocurren, como hara un
mdico. As, los ingenieros estn facultados para poner inyecciones de cemento, curar el
hormign, rehabilitar un puente o auscultar una presa y existe la rama forense dentro de
la Ingeniera Civil, que se ocupa de estudiar el colapso de las estructuras. La disponibilidad
del campo teraputico en la ingeniera civil para generar expresiones es ilimitada y, de
hecho, se recurre a ella cuando es conveniente. Las metforas de esta ndole no se reducen
nicamente a aspectos puramente fsicos, sino que tambin pueden cubrir elementos
psquicos o psicolgicos. De ah que encontremos ejemplos aludiendo a la sensibilidad de
los materiales, su comportamiento, sus reacciones y su vulnerabilidad.
Paralelamente, esta metfora conceptual del campo teraputico se produce de forma similar
en ingls, <<A CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURE IS A LIVING BEING/PERSON>>,
como ilustran los ejemplos: fatigue, pathology, stress, strain, strength, curing, monitoring, etc.
Asimismo, se detectan en ingls conceptualizaciones de ndole social como en los ejemplos:
degrees of freedom, equilibrium, friction, impulsive motion, impulsive excitation, moments of inertia.
Estas expresiones se encuadran en el subcampo de la mecnica de materiales y responden
a la metfora conceptual subyacente <<A SOIL MECHANICS ELEMENT IS A SOCIAL
BEING>>.
Ana Roldn-Riejos
93 franquear el techo
Fuente (ordenadores). Fotgrafo: Antonio Espinosa Barajas. CC Fuente de alimentacin. Fotgrafo: Antonio Espinosa Barajas.
BY 2.5 CC BY 2.5
fuga, factor de ~ 96
fuga, factor de ~[ing geol/min]escape factor fundir bajo(metalurg)[ing min]melt low (to)
fuga, inductancia de ~[ing elc]leakage fundir con la cuchara(metalotec)[ing indr/
inductance min]ladle (to)
fuga, lnea de ~[ing elc]leakage path fundir en concha(metalotec)[ing indr/min]
fuga, pico de ~ (fibra ptica)[ing teleco]lip chill (to)
fuga, punto de ~(dibujo)[arq]vanishing point fundir en coquilla(metalotec)[ing indr/min]
fuga, resistencia de ~[ing elc]bleeder, leak cast chill (to), chill harden (to)
resistance, leakage reactance furtivo, avin ~[ing aer]stealth aircraft
fuga, tasa de ~(nucl)[fs]leakage rate fusible de cinta(electric)[ing elc]link or strip
fugacidad(termodin)[fs]fugacity fuse
fugas de aceite(motor)[ing indr]oil leak fusible de cuchilla(electric)[ing elc]knife
fugas de aire exterior(miner)[ing min]surface contact switch
air leakage fusible desnudo(electric)[ing elc]fuse
fugas, indicador de ~[ing elc]leakage fusilar(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]shoot (to)
inductance fusin cruda(metalurg)[ing min]ore smelting
fugas, radiacin por ~[ing teleco]leakage fuste(fitotec)[ing agrofor]bole, stem, trunk
radiation fuste limpio(fitotec)[ing agrofor]clean bole,
fugitivo, aire ~(miner)[ing min]fugitive air branchless trunk
fulminacin[qum]fulmination
fulminar[qum]fulminate (to)
funcin de transferencia del bucle (sistemas de
control)[ing inform]loop transfer function
funcin escalonada[mat]step function
fundicin blanca(metalurg)[ing min]forge
pig, white iron
fundicin bruta(metalurg)[ing min]pig iron
fundicin cavernosa(metalurg)[ing min]
porous cast iron, porous pig
fundicin colada(metalurg)[ing min]die-
casting
fundicin con macho(metalurg)[ing min] core
casting
fundicin dulce para moldeo(metalurg)[ing
min]malleable iron
fundicin en concha(metalotec)[ing indr/min]
case casting, chill casting
fundicin en coquilla(metalotec)[ing indr/
min]chilled iron casting, die casting
fundicin granuda(metalurg)[ing min]
granular iron
fundicin gris(metalurg)[ing min]gray cast-
iron, grey pig iron, gray pig
fundicin perltica(metalurg)[ing min]
pearlitic cast-iron
fundido[ing min]caving
fundir alto(metalurg)[ing min]melt high (to)
97
G
gacela, salto de ~(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep] stag galera ciega de desage(miner)[ing min]
leap drowned level
gafa (para suspender objetos pesados)(maq)[ing nav galera colectora(miner)[ing min]scram drift
mart y oc]sling-dog galera de acceso(miner)[ing min]travelling
gajo[ing geol/min]blade road
galpago(miner)[ing min]stringing piece galera de acceso transversal(miner)[ing min]
|| (cobre)(metalurg)[ing min]ingot || (plomo) cross heading
(metalurg)[ing min]sow galera de insectos adultos(entom)[ing
galpago de barrotes de escotilla[ing nav agrofor]adult insect hole
mart y oc]hatch batten cleat galera de agotamiento(miner)[ing min]
galpago de cobre(metalurg)[ing min]copper draining adit, drainage adit
pig, copper cake, copper ingot galera de arranque(miner)[ing min]
galpago de plomo(metalurg)[ing min]lead extraction drift
pig, lead bullion galera de arrastre(miner)[ing min]haulage
galpago de rizo de botavara(transp)[ing road, haulage way, haulage drift, rolley way,
nav mart y oc]boom reef pendant cleat, boom haulway
reefing cleat galera de avance(miner)[ing min]advanced
galpago de zinc(metalurg)[ing min]zinc cake gallery, pilot heading, pilot drift, fast end
galpagos, latn en ~(metalurg)[ing min] block galera de base(miner)[ing min]bottom gate,
brass vein drift
galera[ing teleco]cable subway || (miner)[ing galera de cabeza(miner)[ing min]tail gate
min]drift || (presas)[ing civil]gallery galera de carga(miner)[ing min]haulage level
galera , ensayo en ~(miner)[ing min]gallery galera de cuchara de arrastre(miner)[ing
testing min]slashing drift
galera a techo(miner)[ing min]hanging wall galera de enlace(miner)[ing min]connecting
drift gallery
galera auxiliar (perforacin tneles)(miner) galera de escalas(miner)[ing min]ladder road
[ing min]adit level || (tneles)(miner)[ing min] galera de hormigas(entom)[ing agrofor]ant
pioneer tunnel, side drift hole
galera ciega(miner)[ing min]dumb drift, galera de llamada de aire(miner)[ing min]
blind drift, blind level intake drift, intake heading
galera de navegacin 98
Posicin de gra. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez. Gua de ondas. Fotgrafo: Antonio Espinosa Barajas. CC BY 2.5
103 gusano, rosca de ~
H
hbito cristalino(cristalograf)[ing geol/min] hacer un pincho de merluza(balonc)[cc act
habit fsica y dep]shoot a bad basketball shot (to)
hbito cristalogrfico(cristalograf)[ing geol/ hacer un rizo[ing aer]loop (to)
min]crystallographic habit hacer una incursin[ing aer]raid (to)
hbito del acero a la fractura(metalurg)[ing hacer vuelo libre[ing aer]hang-glide (to)
indr/min]steel fracture habit hacha de tumbas(forest)[ing agrofor]logging
hbito estrellado(cristalograf)[ing geol/min] axe
starlike habit hachuela de oreja(forest)[ing agrofor]claw
hbito hojoso(mineralog)[ing geol/min]platy hatchet
habit hachuela de ua(forest)[ing agrofor]claw
hbito intrusivo(petrolog)[ing geol/min] hatchet
intrusive habit halcn[ing aer]falcon
hbito laminoso(mineralog)[ing geol/min] harina de madera[indr forestal, ing agrofor]
platy habit wood flour
hacer cola[ing aer]line up (to), queue up (to) harina de roca (glaciares)[ing geol/min]rock
hacer espera[ing aer]hold (to) flour
hacer estacin(topog)[ing topogrf]occupy harina fsil[ing geol/min]mountain meal,
(to), set up (to) mountain flour, rock meal
hacer estanco (depsito)[ing indr/min]seal (to) hastial(miner)[ing min]wall
hacer horas[ing aer]build up hours (to) hastial con contacto limpio(miner)[ing min]
hacer la cama[cc act fsica y dep]make a free wall
footballer fall down when he/she is about to hastial de piso(miner)[ing min]footwall
jump (to) haz (hojas)(morf veg)[ing agrofor]adaxial side
hacer la ola[cc act fsica y dep]make the wave of leaf, bundle
(to) haz anular de electrones(fs atm)electron
hacer la pared(juegos)[cc act fsica y dep]play annular beam
a one-two (to) haz atmico(fs atm)atomic beam
hacer motor y al aire[ing aer]go around (to) haz de electrones(fs atm)electron beam
hacer saltar (minas)(explosivos, miner)[ing min] haz de exploracin en abanico[ing teleco]
explode (to) fan-beam scanning
105 herradura, arco de ~
Hlices cimitarra. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez. Helicptero anfibio. Fotgrafo: abbynormy. CC BY 2.5
herradura, tnel en ~ 106
Pilar Durn-Escribano
hilada inferior 108
Hilada a soga e hilada a tizn. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez. Hoja aserrada. Fotgrafo: Beatriz Rodrguez. CC BY 2.5
109 horno de manga
I
idealidad del gas[fs, qum]gas ideality impacto (forjas)(metalurg)[ing min]blow
identificacin de calle de rodaje[ing aer] impacto acstico[ing aer]noise impact
taxiway identification impacto ecolgico(cc medioamb)[ing agrofor]
igualacin(constr)[ing geol/min]levelling environmental impact
igualar (el terreno)(constr)[ing geol/min]level impedancia de circuito abierto[ing teleco/
up (to) elec]open-circuit impedance
ilusin de morro alto[ing aer]somatogravic impedancia de fuente[ing teleco/elec]source
illusion impedance
imagen congelada[ing teleco]freeze frame impedancia de ruptura[ing teleco/elec]
imagen de rendija[ing teleco]slit image breakdown impedance
imagen eco[fs]ghost image, double image || impedancia libre[ing teleco/elec]free
[ing teleco]multipath effect impedance
imagen fantasma[ing elc/teleco] phantom imperio(ecolog)[cc medioamb]kingdom
image, double image, ghost image imperio florstico(ecolog)[cc medioamb] floral
imagen latente[ing teleco]latent image kingdom
imagen manchada[ing teleco]spottiness impregnacin (oro en rocas silicatadas)
imagen patrn[arq, ing teleco]pattern image (mineralog)[ing min]impregnation
imn acorazado(magn)[fs]pot magnet impresora a dedal[ing inform]thimble
imn anular (gras)(maq)[ing indr] ring magnet printer
imn armado(magn)[fs]armed magnet
imn compensador(magn)[fs]magnetic
compensator
imn corrector(magn)[fs]controlling magnet,
correcting magnet
imn de pureza(magn)[fs]purity magnet
imn director(magn)[fs]control magnet,
directive magnet
imn en herradura(mec)horseshoe magnet
imn sostenedor(magn)[fs]holding magnet
imanacin coherente(metalurg)[ing min]
coherent magnetization Imagen fantasma. Fotgrafo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez . CC BY 2.5
impresora al vuelo 112
J
jaboncillo (caras de falla)[ing geol/min]leather- dumping cage
coat jaula elevadora[ing min]lift
jalea real(produc animal)[ing agrofor]royal jaula guiada[ing min]guided cage
jelly jaula para pozo[ing min]shaft cage
jardn, ciudad ~(urb)[arq]garden city jaula pararrayos(electric, electromagn,
jardinera[ing aer]passenger bus, shuttle bus instalaciones)[fs, ing elc]mesh cage lightning
jardinero(bis)[cc act fsica y dep]centre field conductor
jarrear(meteor)[ing agrofor]pour (to) jaula, dipolo de ~[ing teleco]cage dipole
jaspe acintado(mineralog)[ing min]banded jaula, guas de la ~(miner)[ing min]case
jasper, stripped jasper guides
jaula(miner)[ing min]drawing cage, cage || (atl) jaula, vagn ~(transp)stock car
[cc act fsica y dep]discus cage jaula, zapatas de la ~(miner)[ing min]cage
jaula autobasculante[ing min]self-dumping shoes
cage jerarqua (estructura de archivos)[ing inform]
jaula de ardilla[ing elc]squirrel cage hierarchy
jaula de armadura(constr)[arq]reinforcement jerarqua de datos (bases de datos)[ing inform]
cage data hierarchy
jaula de decapar chapas(metalurg)[ing min] jerarquizacin (redes informticas)[ing inform]
cradle nesting
jaula de dos pisos[ing min]two-decker, two- jerga de red[ing inform]netspeak
decker cage jirafa(maq, constr)giraffe
jaula de extraccin[ing min]bucket, cage, pit jirones, nubes bajas en ~(meteor)[ing aer]
cage, hoisting cage fractonimbus clouds
jaula de extraccin de dos pisos[ing min]gig joven, vino ~(enolog)[ing agrofor]young wine
jaula de pantalla[ing teleco]screen enclosure jvenes, aguas ~[ing geol/min]juvenile
jaula de profundizacin[ing min]sinking groundwater
bucket joya, cojinete de ~(maq, mec)[ing indr]jewel
jaula de seguridad[ing min]safety cage bearing
jaula de varios pisos[ing min]multideck cage, juanete, verga de ~[ing nav mart y oc]
multiple-deck cage topgallant sail
jaula de vuelco automtico[ing min]self- juego angular[ing min]angle set
117 junta limpia del fundente
K
kilmetro contrarreloj (ciclis)[cc act fsica y
dep]time trials
120
L
L, red en ~(electric)[ing elc]L network side, downthrown side
laberinto acstico(acstica)[fs]acoustic labio inferior (fallas)[ing geol/min]footwall,
labyrinth low wall, downthrown wall
laberinto, junta de ~(maq)[ing indr]labyrinth labio levantado (fallas)[ing geol/min]heaved
joint side
labiada (plantas)(botnica)[ing agrofor]lipped labio superior (fallas)[ing geol/min]upthrow
labio alto (fallas)[ing geol/min]lifted side, high side, hanging wall
side labio, junta de ~(maq)[ing indr]lip joint
labio cortante (brocas)(herram)cutting edge labios, fresa de dos ~(maq)[ing indr]two-
labio de falla[ing geol/min]fault wall, side, lipped cutter
limb labor a cielo(miner)[ing min]top hole, rising
labio del crter (volcanes)[ing geol/min]crater || (minas de carbn)(miner)[ing min]rise-
lip working
labio del cucharn(maq, hidrulica)dipper lip labor atravesada(miner)[ing min]offset
labio del umbral (presas)(constr)[ing civil]lip labor de rapia(miner)[ing min]robbing
of the sill labor de realce(miner)[ing min]overhand
labio elevado (fallas)[ing geol/min]hanging stoping, breaking up
wall labor de testeros(miner)[ing min]overhand
labio hundido (fallas)[ing geol/min]downcast stoping, overhead stoping
labor en grandes tajos(miner)[ing min]
longwall mining, longwall method
labor en pilares abandonados(miner)[ing
min]pillar working
laboratorio (hornos)(metalogrf)[ing indr/min]
work chamber, iron chamber
laborear por cmaras aisladas(miner)[ing
min]panel (to)
laboreo a cielo abierto(miner)[ing min]open
pit mining, strip mining
laboreo con topo de poca alzada(miner)[ing
min]mole mining
Labio del cucharn. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
121
levantar un plano[arq, ing topog]plot (to), libre, ruta ~[ing aer]free route
take (to), survey (to) libro (rumiantes)(produc animal)[ing agrofor]
ley (~ de la plata)(mineralog)[ing min]standard third stomach
fineness || (~ del oro)(mineralog)[ing min]degree liebre (corredores)(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]
of purity, title, standard || (metales)(mineralog) pacemaker
[ing min]fineness || (mineral)(mineralog)[ing liebre, pata de ~ (cruzamiento)(transp)[ing indr]
min]content || (minerales)(mineralog)[ing wing rail
min]grade, tenor, yield lienzo (muros)(constr)[arq]panel
ley de corte(miner)[ing min]cut-off grade lienzos del muro[arq]sail surfaces
liberacin(miner)[ing min]liberation, release ligadura (bvedas)[arq]lierne
liberacin de energa(nucl)[fs]energy ligamento[ing civil]bond, bonding
release, release of energy ligar con mortero[ing civil]mortar (to)
liberacin, seal de ~[ing inform/teleco] ligera, agua ~[ing geol/min]light water
release signal ligero, vino ~(enolog)[ing agrofor]light wine
liberar(electric)[ing elc]clear (to), release (to) lima spera(herram)[ing civil]arm file
|| (~al deportista)[cc act fsica y dep]release (to) lima bastarda(herram)bastard file
liberar gases[ing min]extricate gases (to), lima con dientes fresados(herram)[ing indr]
liberate gases (to) milled file
libertad(electric)[ing elc, fs]freedom lima de cola de rata(herram)[ing indr]rattail,
libertad de explotacin(constr)[ing civil] rattail file, round file
freedom to mine lima de diente curvo(herram)[ing indr]vixen
libertades del aire[ing aer]air liberalization file, curved tooth files
librando nivel de vuelo[ing aer]out of flight lima de dos colas(herram)[ing indr]double
level tang file
librar[ing aer]leave (to) lima de garfio(herram)[ing indr]bridle file
libre(electric)[ing elc]idle lima de gusano(herram)[ing indr]endless
libre de nubes[ing aer]clear of clouds screw file
libre de trfico[ing aer]clear of traffic lima dulce(herram)[ing indr]fine-toothed file,
libre, agua ~[ing geol/min]free water fine file, smooth file
libre, banda ~[ing teleco]clear band lima encorvada(herram)[ing indr]bow file
libre, carbono ~(qum)uncombined carbon lima espada(herram)[ing civil]slitting file, slot
libre, derrame ~(hidrulica)[ing civil/min] free file, featheredge file
flow lmite aparente de elasticidad(matr)[ing indr]
libre, eje ~ (locomotoras)(transp)[ing indr] yield limit
uncoupled axle lmite aparente de fluencia(matr)[ing indr]
libre, energa ~[fs]free energy yield strength
libre, engranaje secundario~(mec)[ing indr] lmite convencional de elasticidad (plsticos)
idler (matr)[qum, ing indr]proof stress
libre, escape ~(automocin)[ing indr]open lmite de prdida[ing aer]approach to stall
exhaust lmites acsticos[ing aer]noise limits
libre, impedancia ~[ing teleco/elec]free limpia (labores agrarias)(agric)[ing agrofor]
impedance cleaning || (madera)[ing agrofor]clean
libre, lmina ~(hidrulica)[ing civil/geol]free limpia, configuracin ~[ing aer]clean
nappe, free-falling nappe configuration
libre, onda ~[ing teleco]free wave limpia, fractura ~(metalurg, mineralurg)[ing
libre, pierna ~(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]free leg min]clean fracture
127 lquido madre
limpia, patente de sanidad ~[ing nav mart y lnea de vuelo[ing aer] flight
oc]clean bill of health lnea defensiva delantera[cc act fsica y dep]
limpiaparabrisas (piernas)(gimn)[cc act fsica y back line, front line, defence line, attack line
dep]windscreen wiper lnea encapsulada(electric)[ing elc]potted
limpio, juego ~[cc act fsica y dep]fair play line
limpio, vino ~(enolog)[ing agrofor]clean wine lnea interurbana(telefona)[ing teleco]trunk
lnea abierta(telefona)[ing teleco]open line, line, trunk connection, toll line
open wire line lnea madre(pesca)[ing nav mart y oc]
lnea activa[ing teleco]active line mainline
lnea area[ing aer]airline lnea neutra(electric)[ing elc]neutral axis ||
lnea area de bandera[ing aer]flag carrier (imanes)(magn)[fs]equator, indifferent line
lnea agnica[ing aer/nav marit y oc]agonic lnea pura (gentica vegetal)(fitotec)[ing
line agrofor]pure line
lnea alimentadora(electric)[ing elc]supply lnea sangrada(tipografa)[ing inform]
lead indented line
lnea auxiliar(ferrocarril)[ing indr]relief line lnea, abrir una ~(esgr)[cc act fsica y dep]
|| (telefona)[ing teleco]trunk open a line (to)
lnea base[ing aer/nav marit y oc]base line lineal, ciudad ~(urb)[arq]linear city
lnea compartida(telefona)[ing teleco]party lineal, vino ~(enolog)[ing agrofor]thin wine
line lingote decapitado(metalurg)[ing min]
lnea de ataque(ft)[cc act fsica y dep] forward decapitated ingot
line lingote sangrado(con grietas)(metalurg)[ing
lnea de blancos(pentatl)[cc act fsica y dep] min]fissured ingot
line of targets lingote sano(metalurg)[ing min]solid ingot
lnea de costa[ing topog]coast line lingote tapado(metalurg)[ing min]capped
lnea de defensa(ft)[cc act fsica y dep] ingot
defence line || (incendio forestal)(forest)[ing lingote testigo(metalurg)[ing min]pilot ingot
agrofor]fire line, control line lingote tosco de colada[ing indr]as-cast ingot
lnea de derrota[ing aer]course line linterna (bvedas)[arq]lantern
lnea de despegue(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]take- linterna roja (ltimo ciclista)(ciclis)[cc act fsica
off line y dep]red lantern
lnea de empuje(constr)[arq]line of thrust lquido inerte[qum]inert liquid
lnea de escoria (acero al crisol)(metalurg)[ing lquido madre(metalogrf)[ing indr]open sea
min]flux line
lnea de falla[geol]fault line
lnea de flujo[ing aer]streamline
lnea de fuego(tiro)[cc act fsica y dep]firing
line, line of fire
lnea de fuerza(magn)[fs]line of induction
lnea de fuga(electric)[ing elc]leakage path
lnea de retaguardia(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]
defence line
lnea de rumbo[ing aer]course line
lnea de ruta[ing aer]course line
lnea de servicio(bdmin)[cc act fsica y dep]
service line Linterna (bvedas). Fotgrafo: Northfielder. CC BY 2.5
lquido regenerante 128
Ll
llaga cncava (muro ladrillo)(constr)rodded priming cock
joint llave de cremallera(herram)monkey wrench,
llama desnuda (lmparas)[ing indr]naked light rack-spanner
llamada de aire, galera de ~(miner)[ing min] llave de dientes (tuercas)(herram)pin wrench
intake drift, intake heading llave de espiga (cerraduras)(herram)pin key,
llana(constr)drawknife, drawing knife, pinned key
plastering-trowel llave de la galera inferior[ing min]sill pillar
llano, ngulo ~[ing aer]straight angle llave de la galera superior[ing min]crown
llave[arq]keystone || (lucha)[cc act fsica y pillar
dep]lock llave de lengeta[ing teleco]strap key
llave acodada(herram)bent spanner, bent llave de mueca(lucha)[cc act fsica y dep]
wrench wrist but lock
llave al estmago (judo)[cc act fsica y dep] llave de paso (tuberas)(instalaciones)stop
stomach armlock llave de pinzas[qum]pinchcock
llave cruzada (judo)[cc act fsica y dep]cross llave de rodilla(judo)[cc act fsica y dep]knee
armlock armlock
llave de aguja(ferrocarril)[ing indr]key switch
llave de anillo(herram)ring spanner
llave de axila(judo)[cc act fsica y dep]armpit
armlock
llave de boca (para tuercas)(herram)open-end
wrench
llave de boca abierta(herram)open-jawed
spanner
llave de brazo (judo)[cc act fsica y dep] straight
armlock
llave de brazo enredada (judo)[cc act fsica y
dep]entangled armlock
llave de cabeza alemana (lucha)[cc act fsica y
dep]german headlock
llave de cebar (bomba de pozo)(maq)[ing indr]
Llave. Fotgrafo: takomabibelot CC BY 2.5
llave de ruptura 130
M
m, diente en ~ (sierras)(herram)[ing indr] staggered tooth tap
lightning tooth macho de espiga acodada(maq)[ing indr] bent-
machacar[cc act fsica y dep]clobber (to) || shank tap
(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep]dunk (to) macho de fragua(metalist)[ing indr]sledge
machaque(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep]dunk hammer
machihembra, sierra de ~(herram)[ing macho de garganta (funderas)(metalist)[ing
indr]dovetail saw indr]neck-core
machihembrado(elem arq)socket joint || macho de roscar(maq)[ing indr]tap
(maderas)(constr)[ing nav mart y oc]grooving macho de roscar de dentadura interrumpida
and tonguing || (metales)(metalist)[ing indr] (maq)[ing indr]interrupted tooth tap
tongue jointing, tonguing, socketing macho de roscar de dientes postizos(maq)
machihembrar (maderas)(constr)[ing nav [ing indr]inserted-land tap
mart y oc]groove and tongue (to), feather (to) || macho de roscar de peines insertados(maq)
(metales)(metalist)[ing indr] tongue (to), groove [ing indr]inserted-chaser tap
(to) macho de roscar tuercas(maq)[ing indr] screw
machihembrar, fresa de ~(maq)[ing indr] tap
tonguing cutter macho de tres vas, vlvula ~(maq)[ing indr]
macho (bisagras)(instalaciones)[ing indr]pintle three port plug
|| (grifos)(instalaciones)[ing indr]plug, cock macho del enchufe(electric)[ing elc]
plug || (tubos)(instalaciones)[ing indr]spigot connector pin
|| (fundiciones)(metalurg)[ing indr] nucleus || macho del taln (timn buques)[ing nav mart y
(imanes)[ing indr]plunger oc]heel pintle, bottom pintle
macho cilndrico (grifos)(instalaciones)[ing macho del timn[ing nav mart y oc]pintle
indr]parallel plug macho ensanchado(maq)[ing indr]bellied
macho cnico(instalaciones)[ing indr] entering core
tap || (grifos)(instalaciones)[ing indr] tapered macho ensanchado en el centro(maq)[ing
plug indr]chambered core, belly core
macho de ahondar(instalaciones)[ing macho frgil (fundiciones)(metalist)[ing indr]
indr]bottoming tap brittle core
macho de carbn (molderas)(metalist)[ing indr] macho helicoidal para roscar(maq)[ing indr]
carbon core helical tap
macho de dientes alternados(maq)[ing indr]
macho mesana, palo ~ 132
macho mesana, palo ~[ing nav mart y oc] machos de madera[ing min]timber retaining
lower mizzen mast walls
macho roscador escalonado(maq)[ing indr] machos de roscar y escariadores, fresa para ~
step tap (maq)[ing indr]tap and reamer cutter
macho roscador matriz(maq)[ing indr] machos rotos, broca para extraer ~(herram)
finishing tap [ing indr]tap drill
macho roscador para agujeros ciegos(maq) machos, nave de ~ (funderas)(metalotec)[ing
[ing indr]bottoming tap indr/min]core bay
macho sacaprisionero(maq)[ing indr]back- machos, terraja para ~ (molderas)(metalotec)
out tap [ing min]core templet
macho secundario (molderas)(metalist)[ing macizado[ing min]backfill
indr]branch core macizo[ing min]block pillar, pillar || (minerales)
macho trinquete, palo ~[ing nav mart y oc] (mineralog)[ing min]mass, ore body || (mina de
lower foremast carbn)[ing min]stoop
macho y hembra (sondeos)[ing geol/min] box macizo autctono[ing geol/min]terrain
and pin macizo de inyeccin grantica[ing geol/min]
macho y hembras del timn[ing nav mart y granitic boss
oc]rudder braces macizo de proteccin[ing min]bottom pillar,
macho, brida ~(instalaciones)spigot flange pentice, barrier pillar barrier
macho, calibre ~(maq)[ing indr]male gauge, macizo de seguridad[ing min]coal barrier,
internal caliper shaft pillar
macho, casquillo de ~ (pivote timones)[ing nav macizo del pozo(miner)[ing min]shaft pillar
mart y oc]rudder bushing macizo limtrofe(miner)[ing min]boundary
macho, cilindro ~(maq, mec)[ing indr]top pillar
roll, upper roll macizo magmtico[ing geol/min]stock
macho, clavija ~[ing inform/teleco]male jack macizo montaoso[geol]massif
macho, conectador ~(electric)[ing elc]male macla de celosa(mineralog)[ing geol/min]
connector lattice twin
macho, conector ~[ing inform/teleco]male macla de cinco ramas(mineralog)[ing geol/
plug, socket, connector min]fiveling
macho, eje del ~(mec)[ing indr]core arbor macla de cuatro ramas(mineralog)[ing geol/
macho, enchufe ~(electric)[ing elc]plug min]fourling
macho, escariador ~(maq)[ing indr] male macla de tres ramas(mineralog)[ing geol/min]
reamer trilling
macho, fundicin con ~(metalurg)[ing min] macla en espina(mineralog)[ing geol/min]
core casting herringbone twin
macho, palo ~[ing nav mart y oc]lower mast, mculas[ing civil]blemishes
kingpost madera basta(matr)[arq]rough wood
macho, pasador ~(herram, maq)[ing indr] male madera blanda(matr)[arq]softwood
pin madera cepillada(matr)[arq]dressed lumber,
macho, roscadura con ~(herram, maq)[ing dressed timber
indr]tapping madera cruda(matr)[arq]plain wood
macho, tornillo ~(herram, maq)[ing indr] madera curada(matr)[arq]seasoned wood
outside screw, external screw madera densa(matr)[arq]heavy wood
macho, zafiro ~(mineralog)[ing geol/min] male madera dura(matr)[arq]hardwood
sapphire, indigo-blue sapphire madera liviana(matr)[arq]light wood
133 maestro de ventilacin
mantener corto de pista[ing aer]hold short manto potente[ing geol/min]thick bed, heavy
of runway (to) layer
mantener el puente(lucha)[cc act fsica y manto rocoso[ing geol/min]bed rock, rock
dep]hold in the bridge (to), maintain a bridge blanket
position (to) manto superficial[ing geol/min]callow
mantener nivel de vuelo[ing aer]cruise flight manto superior (corteza terrestre)[ing geol/min]
level (to) upper mantle
mantener pies[ing aer]maintain feet (to) manto terrestre[ing geol/min]earths mantle
mantener posicin[ing aer]hold position (to) mantos[ing geol/min]flots
mantener rumbo[ing aer]maintain heading manubrio(maq)crank
(to) manzana(urb)[arq](city) block, chequer (GB)
mantenimiento de clulas[ing aer]airframe mapa citogentico(genet)[biotec]cytogenetic
maintenance map
mantenimiento de la rbita[ing aer]station mapa de ligamento(genet)[biotec]linkage
keeping map
mantenimiento de la ruta[ing aer]track mapa gentico(genet)[biotec]genetic map
keeping mapear(genet)[biotec]map (to)
mantenimiento de la trayectoria[ing aer] mapeo de fallas(geol, topog)[ing min]fault
adherence to path mapping
manteo[ing geol/min]inclination mquina[cc act fsica y dep]machine person ||
mantequilla, dedos de ~(cricket)[cc act fsica y (cuerpo)[cc act fsica y dep]human body
dep]butterfingers mquina de peinar[ing agrofor]hackling
mantilla(hp)[cc act fsica y dep]numnah machine
|| (imprentas)(indr grficas)blanket || mquina inteligente[ing inform]
(tipografa)(indr grficas)pree blanket understanding machine, intelligent machine
mantilla de plomo(hp)[cc act fsica y dep] lead mar ampollada[ing nav mart y oc]sugar-loaf
saddle cloth sea
mantillado[ing min]blanketing mar arbolada (n7 de la escala)[ing nav mart y
mantillo[ing agrofor]mould oc]very high sea
manto[ing geol/min]bed vein, occurrence, sill mar cabrilleada[ing nav mart y oc]lumpy sea
|| [ing min]ledge || (terrestre)[geol]blanket mar cava(da)[ing nav mart y oc]hollow sea
manto acufero[ing geol/min]water-bearing mar confusa[ing nav mart y oc]confused sea,
stratum lop sea, lumpy sea, tangled sea
manto carbonfero[ing geol/min] mar de aleta[ing nav mart y oc] quartering sea
carboniferous bed, coal bed mar de leche[ing nav mart y oc]milky sea
manto de agua[ing geol/min]water horizon mar de nubes(meteor)[ing aer]clouds
manto de carbn[ing min]coal bed mar dura[ing nav mart y oc]rough sea
manto de corrimiento[ing geol/min]nappe mar gruesa[ing nav mart y oc]high-sea,
manto de escollera[ing geol/min]enrockment heavy sea, seaway, towering seas, rough sea
manto de lava[ing geol/min]coulee mar gruesa, en mar gruesa (n5 de la escala)
manto fretico[ing geol/min]phreatic mantle, (transp)[ing nav mart y oc]very rough sea
phreatical mantle || (hidrolog)[ing agrofor] mar picada[ing nav mart y oc]choppy sea,
phreatic surface rippling sea, broken sea, broken water
manto inclinado[ing geol/min]inclined seam mar rizado[ing nav mart y oc]calm-rippled,
manto intrusivo[ing geol/min]intrusive sheet rippling sea, slight sea
manto petrolfero[ing geol/min]oil measure mar sin rompientes[ing nav mart y oc]
137 mariposa, vlvula de ~
ore mould
mineral expectable(miner)[ing min]ore molde de vaina(metalotec)[ing min]shell
expectant mould
mineral nativo(mineralog)[ing geol/min] molde hembra(metalotec)[ing min]female
ground ore mould
mineral normativo(mineralog)[ing geol/min] molde macho(metalotec)[ing min]male mould
standard mineral molde matriz(metalotec)[ing min]master
mineral pobre(mineralog)[ing geol/min] mould
halvings, low-tenor ore, base ore molde patrn(metalotec)[ing min]master
mineral posible(miner)[ing min]possible ore form
mineral quebrantado(mineralog)[ing geol/ molde perdido(metalotec)[ing min]waste
min]broken ore mould
mineral reconocido(mineralog)[ing geol/min] molde que pierde (por las grietas)(metalotec)
positive ore, proved ore [ing min]running mould
mineral rico[ing geol/min]high ore, high- moldear en cscara(metalotec)[ing min]shell
grade ore, bucked ore mould (to)
mineral rubio (de hierro)(mineralog)[ing geol/ moldear en vaina(metalotec)[ing min]shell
min]red ore mould (to)
mineral seco(miner)[ing min]dry ore moldeo en cscara(metalotec)[ing min]shell
mineral seguro(miner)[ing min]proved ore moulding
mineral selecto(miner)[ing min]prill moldeo en vaina(metalotec)[ing min]shell
minerales no reservados(miner)[ing min] moulding
unreserved ore moldura de equino(elem arq)bowtell, roll
minero cargado(miner)[ing min]head loader moulding, equinus moulding
minero del coladero(miner)[ing min]raise moldura de media caa(elem arq)quirk
driller round moulding
minero del frente(miner)[ing min]headman moldura de quilla de barco(elem arq)keel
minero del realce(miner)[ing min]raiseman moulding
minero enganchador(miner)[ing min] hitcher- moldura de rollo(elem arq)scroll moulding
on moldura de rollos escalonados(elem arq)
misil blanco[ing aer]drone corbelling moulding
misil de crucero[ing aer]cruise missile moldura taln(elem arq)cyma reversal
misin ambulancia[ing aer]ambulance role moulding
misin suicida[cc act fsica y dep]suicidal molcula sargento[qum]commander
mission molecule
mocheta(elem arq)nib wall, corbel molcula soldado[qum]soldier molecule
mochila, equipo de ~[ing indr]packset molienda de clinker(matr)[ing civil]clinker
modelo de choque y errores(estadst)shock mill
and error model molinete(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]preliminary
modulacin cruzada[ing teleco]cross swing || (giros)(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep]half
modulation molino (giros)(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep]giant
modulacin parsita(electr)[ing elc] swing
spurious modulation molino checo(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep]czech
modulador anular(electr)[ing elc]ring giant
modulator molino con piernas abiertas(gimn)[cc act
molde de cscara(metalotec)[ing min]shell fsica y dep]flare
molino de bolos 142
N
nabos, roca de ~[ing geol/min]ferruginous pouring hall
laterite nave de cristalizacin (salinas)(mineralog)[ing
nacer (ros)(hidrogeol)rise (to) min]salt room
naciente, rojo ~ (caldas)(metalotec)[ing indr/ nave de deslingotado(metalotec)[ing indr/
min]black red min]stripper bay, ingot stripper bay
nacimiento (ros)(hidrogeol)source nave de fabricacin [ing civil]manufacturing
nacimiento del ro(hidrogeol)river head, rise plant
nadador de mariposa(nat)[cc act fsica y dep] nave de galvanoplastia(metalotec)[ing indr/
flyer min]plating room
nariz[ing geol/min]nose nave de machos (funderas)(metalotec)[ing
nariz, carenado de ~[ing aer]nose fairing indr/min]core bay
nata de fundicin(metalurg)[ing min]sullage nave de montaje[ing indr]erection bay,
nativo[biotec]native || (minerales)[ing geol/ assembly shop
min]native nave espacial[ing aer]spacecraft
nativo, cobre ~(metalurg, mineralog)[ing min] nave lateral (iglesias)[arq]side aisle, aisle
native copper navegacin[ing aer]navigation || [ing inform]
nativo, elemento ~[ing geol/min]native navigation
element navegacin area[ing aer]air navigation
nativo, hierro ~(metalurg)[ing min]pure iron navegacin astronmica[ing aer]
nativo, metal ~(metalurg)[ing min]virgin astronomical navigation, celestial navigation
metal navegacin espacial[ing aer]space navigation
nativo, mineral ~(mineralog)[ing geol/min] navegacin por instrumentos[ing aer]blind
ground ore navigation
natural (minerales)(miner)[ing min]native navegador[ing inform]navigator, browser
navaja, salto de ~(nat)[cc act fsica y dep]pike navegante de internet[ing inform]data surfer
dive navegar (internet)[ing inform]navigate (to)
nave (iglesias)[arq]nave, aisle || [ing aer]ship negra, luz ~(radiacin electromagntica) [fs] dark
nave central (iglesias)[arq]nave light, near-ultraviolet light
nave de chatarra(metalotec)[ing indr/min] negra, zona ~(fotomec)solid area
scrap hall negras, aguas ~[ing civil, ing agrofor]sewage,
nave de colada(metalurg)[ing min]casting bay, sanitary sewage
147 nivel que libra
Sin embargo podramos decir que la mayora de los trminos metafricos pertenecientes a
esta metfora conceptual se manifiestan en ingls y en espaol.
Paloma beda-Mansilla
149 nudos de fosilizaciones
O
O, red en ~[ing inform]O network y dep]attacking lob
obligado (parsitos)(ecolog)obligate ofensivo, lateral ~(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]
obra muerta(vela)[cc act fsica y dep]top sides winger
obra muerta (barcos)[ing nav mart y oc]upper oficial de enlace areo[ing aer]air liaison
works, deadworks officer
obra muerta de costado (vela)[cc act fsica y odo (mec)[ing indr]inlet
dep]dead work side ojal metlico(metalotec)[ing indr/min]eyelet
obra viva (vela)[cc act fsica y dep]bottom of ojiva[ing aer]warhead
ship ojiva atmica[ing aer]atomic warhead
obras muertas(vela)[cc act fsica y dep]upper ojiva nuclear[ing aer]nuclear warhead
works ojo[ing inform] eye || (capitel corintio)(arq
obras viejas[ing min]mined out area clsica) flower || (escaleras)(constr)[arq] wellhole
obrera, abeja ~[ing agrofor]working bee || (puentes)[ing civil] arch
obstruccin por acuamiento[ing min] ojo de buey(elem arq)ox-eye window, bulls
bridging eye || (mineralog)[ing geol/min]ox-eye, bulls
obturador de lanza[ing indr]spear valve eye || (vela)[cc act fsica y dep]bullseye || [ing nav
obturador de persiana(fotograf)Venetian- mart y oc]bulls eye
blind shutter ojo de cerradura[arq]keyhole
ocelado(mineralog)[ing geol/min]eye-like ojo de cicln(meteor)[ing aer]eye of storm
ocelo(mineralog)[ing geol/min]facet
oclusin de frente clido(meteor)[ing aer]
warm front occlusion
ocre carmelita(mineralog)[ing geol/min]
brown ochre
culo (bvedas, cubiertas)(elem arq)oculus, eye
ocupacin de pista[ing aer] runway occupancy
ofensiva, tctica ~(voleib)[cc act fsica y dep]
offensive tactics
ofensivo, juego ~(bdmin)[cc act fsica y
dep] offensive game || (ft)[cc act fsica y dep]
attacking play culo. Casa del Mutilato. Arquitecto: Giuseppe Spatrisano.
ofensivo, lanzamiento ~(bdmin)[cc act fsica Fotgrafo: seier+seier. CC BY 2.5.
ojo de gato 152
P
pabelln (banderas)(vela)[cc act fsica y dep] flag pala de cubo(miner)[ing min]van
padre (precursor radiactivo)(nucl)[fs]parent, pala de cuchara (excavaciones)[ing civil/geol/
nuclear parent min]scoop shovel
padre, tomo ~[fs]parent atom pala de cuchara niveladora[ing civil] skimmer
paisaje domesticado(ecolog)domesticated pala de cucharn[ing civil/geol/min]bucket
landscape grab
paisaje operativo[arq]operative landscape pala de dientes (excavaciones)[ing civil/geol/
pajarito(maq agric)[ing agrofor]twin knotter min]pronged shovel
head pala excavadora de cuchara[ing civil/geol/
pjaro de guerra[ing aer]warbird min]skimmer
pajoso, hierro ~(metalurg)[ing min]flawy pala inferior(tiro arco)[cc act fsica y dep]
iron, flawed iron lower low limb
pajuela de oro[ing geol/min]particle pala joy[ing min]joy transloader
pajuelas de oro[ing geol/min]float gold pala superior(tiro arco)[cc act fsica y dep]
pajuelas metlicas[ing geol/min] float mineral upper low limb
palabra almacenada[ing inform]stored word
palabra clave[ing inform]key word
palabra de paso[ing teleco/inform] password
palanca(nat)[cc act fsica y dep]board, spring
board
palanca acodada(maq)[ing indr]bell-crank,
bent lever, elbow lever
palanca ahorquillada(maq)[ing indr] forked-
shaped lever, double eye lever
palanca de alimentacin(maq)[ing indr]feed
lever
palanca de escape(maq)[ing indr] escapement
lever
palanca de la mariposa(maq)[ing indr] throttle
lever
palanca de mando de la aguja(maq)[ing indr]
Pajarito. Fotgrafo: Beatriz Rodrguez. CC BY 2.5 needle control lever
palanca de pie de cabra 156
picado en barrena[ing aer]spinning nose dive pie de gato (equipo)[cc act fsica y dep]bootie
picado, lanzamiento ~(balonm)[cc act fsica y pie de la escalera[arq]foot of staircase
dep]bounce shot pie de pato (aperos cultivo del subsuelo)[ing
picado, momento de ~[ing aer]diving agrofor]duckfoot || (arados o cultivadores)[ing
moment agrofor]sweep
picado, pase ~(ft, balonc)[cc act fsica y dep] pie de presa(constr)[ing civil/geol/min]toe of
bounce pass a dam
picado, salida de ~[ing aer]drive recovery pie de rey[ing nav mart y oc]vernier calliper,
picado, salir de un ~[ing aer]recover (to) calliper-square
picado, velocidad de ~[ing aer]diving speed pie de talud continental[ing min]foot of the
picado, vino ~(enolog)[ing agrofor]pricked continental slope
wine, sour wine pie de tiro, pie dominante(balonc)[cc act fsica
picado, vuelo en ~[ing aer]nose dip y dep]shooting foot
picadura (metales)(metalurg)[ing indr/min]pit, pie madre(enolog)[ing agrofor]mother wine
pitting pie marino[ing nav mart y oc]sea-legs
picar[ing aer]nose down (to), dive (to) || (matr) pie podrido(fitotec)[ing agrofor]foot rot
[arq]dab (to) pie, marco de un solo ~[ing min]half set
picar, tendencia a ~[ing aer]nose-heaviness pie, vlvula de ~(maq)[ing indr/nav mart y
pico de flauta, junta en ~(maq)[ing indr] oc]foot valve || (bombas, explosivos)[ing min]
sloping joint, scarf foot valve
pico de fuga (fibra ptica)[ing teleco]lip piedemonte[ing geol/min]piedmont
pico de pato, formn de ~(herram)joiners piel (de edificio)[arq]skin
chisel pierna (timn de arados o de cultivadores)[ing
pico, impulso de ~[ing elc]peak pulse agrofor]shank
pico, vagoneta de ~(miner)[ing min]scoop pierna de ataque(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]lead
wagon leg
pico, vaso con ~[qum]beaker pierna de ataque en saltos(atl)[cc act fsica y
pico, voltaje de ~[ing elc]peak voltage dep]take-off legs
pico, voltmetro de ~[ing elc]peak voltmeter pierna de ataque en vallas(atl)[cc act fsica y
pie[ing aer]foot || (andamios)[arq]shoe || dep]leading leg
(montes)[geol]bottom || (patrn, portainjerto, pierna libre(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]free leg
masto)(fitotec)[ing agrofor]rootstock, stock, pierna muerta(atl)[cc act fsica y dep] sleeping-
understock leg
pie de amigo (amurada, brazola, etc.)[ing nav piernas fundidas(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep] legs
mart y oc]stay, brace smelted together
pie de atleta(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]athletes
foot
pie de biela, mun de ~(maq)[ing indr]wrist
pin
pie de biela, pasador de ~(herram, maq)[ing
indr]wrist pin
pie de cabra, palanca de ~[ing aer]crowbar ||
[ing nav mart y oc] claw lever, crow lever
pie de diente (engranajes)(maq, mec)[ing indr]
root
pie de gallo[ing nav mart y oc]crowfoot Pie de gato. Dibujo: Guillermo Avancini Alcibar.
pies de gato 164
En ingeniera elctrica, adems del uso de palabras polismicas como resistencia, flujo o
rendimiento, la electricidad como fuente de energa da lugar a proyecciones conceptuales de
tipo sensorial entre distintas fuerzas que se contagian mutuamente, ya sea de excitabilidad,
repulsin o atraccin, y que exhiben impulsos. Por ello en electrotecnia es habitual
encontrar ejemplos que derivan de la metfora conceptual <<LAS FUERZAS MAGNTICAS
O ELCTRICAS SON PAREJAS>>. Dichas parejas experimentan excitabilidad, se repelen
o se atraen mediante polos salientes y pueden ser armnicas o excntricas. Desarrollan
una relacin de transformacin por medio de rectificadores y reguladores de tensin,
adems presentan resistencias crticas, reacciones antagonistas y tensiones de ruptura.
Ana Roldn-Riejos
Q
quebrada (riachuelos)(hidrolog)[geol]brook, clamshell, grab bucket
creek quimera (mosaicos)[biotec]chimaera, chimera
quebrar(ft, balonm)[cc act fsica y dep]dodge quimrico, gen ~[biotec]chimeric gene
(to) || (minas)(miner)[ing min]rag (to) || quitamiedos(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]landing
(negocios)(econ)fold (to) mat || (carreteras)[ing civil]guard rail
quedarse corto de pista[ing aer]undershoot quitar calzos[ing aer]remove chocks (to)
(to) quitar el taco (barrenos, explosivos)[ing min]
quema a hecho(forest)[ing agrofor] progressive unram (to)
burning, swamper burning quitar el temple(metalurg)[ing min]soften (to)
quema en verde(forest)[ing agrofor]live quitar la corriente(maq, instalaciones)[ing
burning indr]switch out (to)
quema por fajas(forest)[ing agrofor]strip quitar la montera (filones)[ing min]do
burning overburden (to) || (canteras, minas)[ing geol/
quemado (acero)(metalurg)[ing min]overblown min]strip (to)
quemador de chorro[ing indr]jet burner quitar rebabas(metalist)[ing indr]spud (to),
quemador de surtidor mltiple[ing indr] fettle (to)
multitube oil burner
quemadura de la pantalla(snd e img)[ing
teleco]screen burning
quemar[cc act fsica y dep]make someone
tired (to)
quemar a un deportista [cc act fsica y dep]
burn out (to)
quemar caloras[cc act fsica y dep]burn
calories (to)
quemarse (plantas por helada)[ing agrofor]
perish (to), nip (to)
querencia(produc animal)[ing agrofor] homing,
favourite place
quijada(elem arq)cheek || (motn, cuadernal)
[ing nav mart y oc]cheek
quijadas, cucharn de ~(maq, mec)[ing indr]
174
R
rabo de gallo[ing nav mart y oc]cirrus radiobaliza de abanico[ing aer]fan marker
rabo de rata[ing nav mart y oc]pointed rope radiobaliza de tipo hueso[ing aer]bone
rabo de zorro (escorias)(metalurg)[ing min] marker
foxtail radioenlace[ing teleco]radio link
racimo de nudos(forest)[ing agrofor]cats paw radioexploracin[ing teleco]radio search
radar de barrido adyacente[ing aer] side radiofaro de aerovas[ing aer]airways beacon
looking radar radiofaro ocultador[ing aer]masking beacon
radar de barrido electrnico[ing aer] radiotransmisin de paquetes[ing teleco]
electronic scanning radar packet radio
radar de bombardeo automtico[ing teleco] radomo bajo morro[ing aer]undernose
sniffer radome, chin radome
radar de cita[ing teleco]rendezvous radar rfaga[ing inform/teleco]burst
radar de vigilancia[ing teleco]surveillance races, bienes ~(econ)real state
radar raz[ing aer, arq]root
radar director de tiro[ing aer]gun directing raz del ala[ing aer]wingroot
radar raz, pasada en la ~[ing aer]penetration pass,
radar enemigo[ing aer]hostile radar root pass
radar explorador[ing teleco]scanning radar, rallye areo[ing aer]air rally
search radar rama(miner)[ing min]rake || [arq]branch
radar pasivo[ing teleco]passive radar || (circuitos)(electric)[ing elc]branch ||
radiacin atrapada[fs]trapped radiation (ferrocarriles)(transp)[ing civil]trainset
radiacin de vida corta[fs]short-lived rama acstica[ing teleco]acoustic branch
radiation rama ascendente (hidrogramas)(hidrolog)[ing
radiacin espectral[fs]spectrum light geol]rising limb
radiacin independiente[fs]continuous rama de la espuela(hp)[cc act fsica y dep] arm
radiation of the spur
radiacin parsita[ing aer]spurious radiation rama descendente (hidrogramas)(hidrolog)[ing
|| [ing teleco]parasitic radiation geol]recession, recession limb
radiacin por fugas[ing teleco]leakage rama receptora[ing teleco]receiving leg
radiation rama, seda en ~(produc animal)[ing agrofor]
radio de influencia (pozos de agua)(hidrogeol) raw silk, sleave, floss silk
[ing geol]radius of influence ramal(elem arq)branch || [ing inform]branch,
175 raya rojo sangre
red de erosin[ing geol/min]stone lattice backbone system, bearer line network, main line
red de flujo[ing inform]flowback, reflowing network
red de galeras y accesos(miner)[ing min] red trmica, analizador de ~[ing teleco]
mine layout thermal network analizer
red de mallas(electric)[ing elc]meshed red topogrfica[ing topog]net
network red troncal (transportes)[ing civil]junction
red de rutas[ing aer]air route network network
red de satlites[ing aer]satellite network reddorsal[ing inform/ teleco]backbone
red de telecomunicaciones[ing teleco] red, arquitectura de ~[ing inform]network
telecom net, telecommunication network, architecture
telecommunication system red, constante de ~[ing elc] network constant
red de transmisin(ptica)[fs]transmission red, diagrama de ~[ing inform]network
grating diagram
red de tuberas[ing civil]pipe network red, filtro de ~(electr)[ing elc]network filter
red de ventilacin(miner)[ing min]ventilation red, frecuencia de ~[ing teleco]power
network frequency
red elctrica(electric)[ing elc]electric red, geometra de ~[ing inform]network
network geometry
red en cascada[ing inform]tandem network red, operacin en ~[ing teleco]networking,
red en escalera(electric)[ing elc]ladder network operation
network red, plano de la ~[ing min]cutter
red en estrella[ing inform]star chain red, sintonizacin en ~[ing teleco]netting
network, wye network, network red, sistema operativo de ~[ing inform]
red en L(electric)[ing elc]L network network operating system
red en O[ing inform]O network red, terminal de ~[ing inform]network
red en puente[ing inform]lattice network terminal
red en T(electric)[ing elc]T network red, trabajo en ~[ing inform/teleco]
red en Y[ing inform]Y network networking
red ordenada(electric)[ing elc]lattice red, transformador de la ~[ing inform]
network network transformer
red pasiva(electric)[ing elc]passive network red, vibracin de ~(electric)[ing elc]lattice
red principal[ing inform] backbone (network), vibration
redecilla(produc animal)[ing agrofor]
honeycomb, reticulum, second stomach
redes geodsicas, unin de ~[ing geol/min/
topog]tie
reduccin de demoras[ing aer]delay
reduction
reencaminamiento[ing teleco]rerouting,
alternative routing
reencaminar[ing teleco]reroute (to)
reflector de bomba[ing teleco]tamper
reflector de perturbacin[ing teleco]window
reflector de rejilla[ing teleco]grating
reflector
Red en estrella. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
reflujo 180
Si tenemos en cuenta que las rocas son un agregado natural formado por uno o varios minerales
y que las rocas se encuentran en un constante proceso de cambio y transformacin, podemos
entender cmo los gelogos han aplicado la experiencia generalizada del nacimiento, de la
procedencia de unos seres de otros, para dar nombre al hecho de que un mineral se desprenda
de una roca; de que varios minerales se encuentren alojados hospedados en una masa
rocosa; de que varias rocas compartan la misma composicin y origen, y que unas rocas estn
asentadas en un lugar, mientras otras ruedan o son transportadas por agentes climticos.
Pilar Durn-Escribano
roca del respaldo[ing geol/min]wall rock rock, dead ground, farewell rock, waste rock ||
roca del techo[ing geol/min]roof (filones)[ing geol/min]wall rock
roca descolgada[ing geol/min]rock shelter roca falsa[ing geol/min]false bed-rock
roca encajante(miner)[ing min]country rock roca franca[ing geol/min]freestone
|| [ing geol/min]enclosing rock, environment roca granuda[ing geol/min]grained rock
roca errtica[ing geol/min]erratic rock roca gua[ing geol/min]key rock
roca eruptiva[ing geol/min]extrusive rock roca hospedante[ing geol/min]host rock
roca estril[ing geol/min]burrow, dead roca huesped[geol]host rock
roca intrusiva 186
50
31
0
70
80
E
90
sheepsfoot roller
260
100
110
coarse roll
40
12
2
0
0
13
23
0 14
22 0
15
S
sacabocados(herram, maq)cutting punch, sala de embarque[ing aer]boarding lounge
nipping tool salida de prdida[ing aer]stall recovery
sacamuestras, tubo ~[ing min]core barrel salida de picado[ing aer]drive recovery
sacatestigos (perforaciones)(herram, maq)corer, salida del viraje[ing aer]roll-out
tester salida escalonada(pirag)[cc act fsica y dep]
sacatestigos, cable ~ (sondeos)[ing geol/ interval starts
min]wire line coring salida normalizada[ing aer]standard
sacatestigos, tubo ~[ing min]core barrel departure
saco de aire[ing aer]air bag saliente de cimentacin(estruct)[ing civil] keel
saco embrionario(fitotec)[ing agrofor] embryo salir de un picado[ing aer]recover (to)
sac salir del sistema[ing inform]sign out (to)
saco polnico(fitotec)[ing agrofor]pollen sac salir en plancha(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep] scale
saco, fondo de ~[ing min]dead end (to)
saco, hombre ~(box)[cc act fsica y dep] salpicadura de velocidad[ing aer]velocity
punching man spray
sacrificar(zootec)[ing agrofor]slaughter (to) salsa (volcanes de lodo)[ing geol/min]salse
sacrificio, derribo de ~(kr)[cc act fsica y saltada, zona ~ (radiocomunicaciones)[ing teleco]
dep]sacrifice throw skip area
sacrificio, tcnica de proyeccin en ~(judo) saltarines, genes ~[biotec]jumping genes
[cc act fsica y dep]sacrifice throw salto[ing teleco]skipping || [ing aer]flight ||
sacudida (cables)[ing nav mart y oc] whipping, [ing inform]jump || (genes)[biotec]jump
shock load salto caballete con apoyo de manos(gimn)[cc
sacudida elctrica(electric)[ing elc]electric act fsica y dep]vault with support on near end
shock of the horse
sacudida ssmica[ing geol/min]earthquake salto carpado(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep]piked
shock jump somersault || (nat)[cc act fsica y dep]pike
sacudida telrica[ing geol/min]seism dive
sacudidas[ing aer]jolt, bump salto carpado de espalda(nat)[cc act fsica y
sacudidas rpidas[ing aer]rapid jolts, chop dep]back pike
sal excitadora[qum]exciting salt salto carpado de frente(nat)[cc act fsica y
sala de alimentacin(electric)[ing elc/indr] dep]plain header
power room salto cuntico[fs]quantum jump
salto de agua 190
segar(judo)[cc act fsica y dep]reap (to) senda, aproximacin sin ~[ing aer]localizer-
segar la pierna de apoyo(judo)[cc act fsica y only approach
dep]sweep the supporting leg (to) senil, topografa ~[ing geol/topog]old age
segmento(elem arq)segment topography
segmento del arco(elem arq)arch senil, valle ~[ing geol/min]late mature valley,
segmento espacial[ing aer]space segment old-age valley, full mature valley
segmento peinador(maq)half lap senilidad (erosin)(edafolog)[ing agrofor]
segregacin (lingotes)(metalurg)[ing min] senility
segregation seno(geom)[mat]sine || (olas)[ing nav mart y
segregacin de azufre(metalurg, metalogrf) oc]trough, hollow || (velas)[ing nav mart y oc]
[ing indr]sulphur pring, sulphur segregation belly, bunt
segregacin de espacio areo[ing aer] airspace seno de la ola(hidrograf)[ing geol]hollow,
segregation wave trough
segregacin de grafito(metalurg)[ing min] kish seno de la onda[fs]trough, wave trough
segunda mano, avin de ~[ing aer]second- sensacin artificial[ing aer]artificial feel
hand aircraft sensibilidad (aparatos)(electr)[ing elc]
segundo[ing aer]co-pilot, second pilot response, responsiveness
seguro de aleta(tiro)[cc act fsica y dep] sensibilidad de la palanca de mandos[ing
rotating safety lever aer]joystick sensitivity
seleccin falsa[ing teleco]faulty selection sensibilidad en la arcilla(geotecnia)[ing civil]
sellado del suelo(edafolog)[ing agrofor]soil sensitive clay
surface sealing sensibilizar(metalurg)[ing min]sensitize (to)
semforo (programacin)[ing inform] sensible[ing teleco]sensible, sensitive
semaphore sensible a la entalla(metalurg)[ing min]notch
semicabeceo[ing min]half-header sensitive
semicalmado, acero ~(metalurg)[ing min] sensible, rea ~[ing aer]sensitive area
semikilled steel sensitivacin(metalurg)[ing min]sensitization
semiconductor(electr)[ing elc] seal ciega (balizas)[ing nav mart y oc]
semiconductor unlighted buoy
semidulce, acero ~(metalurg)[ing min] seal de borrado[ing inform/teleco]blanking
semisoft steel, low carbon steel signal
semienano (trigo)[ing agrofor]semi-dwarf seal de estacin esclava[ing inform/teleco]
semigrasa, hulla ~(miner)[ing min]open- slave signal
burning coal, cherry coal seal de liberacin[ing inform/teleco] release
semilla durmiente(fitotec)[ing agrofor]
dormant seed
semisuave, acero ~(metalurg)[ing min]
semimild steel, quarter-hard steel
senda[ing aer]slope
senda de aterrizaje[ing aer] landing flight path
senda de despegue[ing aer] take-off flight path
senda de planeo[ing aer] glide path, glide slope
senda de planeo, captura de ~[ing
aer]capture of glide slope
senda de planeo, interceptacin de ~[ing aer]
glide path interception Senda de aterrizaje. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
193 sierra de cadena
signal coil
seal de reposo[ing inform/teleco]spacing serpentn de parrilla(motor)grid coil
signal serpentn plano (refrigeracin)(motor)grid
seal de retroalimentacin[ing inform/ serpentn, condensador de ~[ing teleco] spiral
teleco]primary feedback, feedback signal condenser
seal de ventana[ing indr]window signal serpentina(mineralog)[ing geol/min]
seal dbil[ing inform/teleco]weak signal serpentine
seal disparadora(electric)[ing elc]triggering serpentina fibrosa(mineralog)[ing geol/min]
signal chrysotile asbestos
seal parsita[ing elc/aer/teleco] interfering serpentuoso, ro ~[hidrolog, geol] meandering
signal || (radio)[ing nav mart y oc] noise signal river
seal perturbadora[ing teleco]interfering servicio cortado(tenis mesa)[cc act fsica y dep]
signal, undesired signal, unwanted signal chop service
seal pobre[ing aer]poor signal servicio cortado de derecha(tenis mesa)[cc act
seales de brazos[ing nav mart y oc] fsica y dep]forehand chop
semaphore, wigwag servicio cortado de revs(tenis mesa)[cc act
seales de umbral[ing aer]threshold fsica y dep]backhand chop
markings servicio de mayordoma[ing aer]catering
seales radar parsitas[ing aer]radar clutter services
separacin de capa lmite[ing aer]boundary servicio de taxi areo[ing aer]air taxi service
layer separation servidumbre de paso[ing agrofor] right of way
separacin de trfico[ing aer]traffic seta, vlvula de ~(maq)[ing indr]poppet-valve
separation siega(judo)[cc act fsica y dep]skipping
separacin en hojas[ing geol/min]sheet siega exterior(judo)[cc act fsica y dep]outer
jointing reaping throw
separacin por atacado[qum]etching siega interior(judo)[cc act fsica y dep]inner
separacin por va seca(mineralog)[qum]dry reaping throw
separation siembra(bacterolog)[ing agrofor]insemination
separacin turbulenta(mec fluid)[fs] || (nucl)[fs]spiking
turbulent separation siembra a voleo(agric)[ing agrofor]broadcast
separador de capa lmite[ing aer]boundary seeding, broadcast sowing
layer fence siembra cristalina(qum organ)[qum]
serie pobre[ing inform]sparse array crystalseed
serpenteante, descarga ~ (gases)[ing indr] siembra de las nubes(meteor)cloud seeding
wriggling discharge siembra de minas(minas antipersona)
serpentear (forma)[arq]twist (to) || (ros) (explosivos)[ing min]mine sowing
(hidrogeol)[ing min]ribbon (to) sierpe(fitotec)[ing agrofor]sucker
serpentear rocas(rafting)[cc act fsica y dep] sierra(geograf)[geol]mountain chain,
wriggle (to) mountain range
serpenteo (locomotoras)(transp)[ing indr] sierra abrazadera(herram)pit saw, long
nosing || (movimiento)[cc act fsica y dep] saw,rip-saw, ripper
wriggle, wriggling || (ros)(hidrogeol)[ing geol] sierra bracera(herram)frame saw, frame bow
meandering, wriggling sierra cabrilla(herram)whipsaw, pit saw
serpentn(motor)[ing indr]coiled tube, spiral sierra caladora(herram)coping saw
condenser, coil sierra de arco(herram)bow saw
serpentn atemperador(motor)tempering sierra de cadena(herram)chain saw
sierra de costilla 194
Observacin: Aunque hallamos esta metfora conceptual tanto en ingls como en espaol,
no existe una correspondencia total en la terminologa empleada. As, el trmino engranaje
central o planeta se traduce al ingls como sun.
Georgina Cuadrado-Esclapez
197 soplado tumultuoso
T
T de orejetas (tuberas)(constr)drop T tabique cortafuego(forest)[ing agrofor/min]
T de ramal reductor(constr)reducing outlet fireproof bulkhead
T tabique desviador(constr)baffle wall
T roscada macho y hembra(constr)street T tabique interventricular[anat, cc act fsica y
T, circuito en ~[ing teleco]T-network dep]interventricular septum
T, conector en ~[ing inform/teleco]tee joint, tabique nasal[anat, cc act fsica y dep]nasal
T joint septum
T, hierro en ~(metalurg)[ing min]tee tabique partehumos (chimeneas)(constr)withe
T, red en ~[ing elc]T network tabique sordo(constr)hollow partition
T, soldadura en ~(metalotec)[ing indr/min] tabla altimtrica(estadst)[mat]altitude table
T-weld tabla cifradora(estadst)[mat]cipher chart
T, unin en ~(estruct)[ing civil]T joint || [ing tabla de contingencia(estadst)[mat]
indr]tee, elbow joint contingency table
T, veleta en ~[ing aer]landing T tabla de conversin(estadst)[mat]conversion
T, viga doble ~(estruct)[arq, ing civil]double table
T-beam tabla de corazn(forest)[ing agrofor]heart
T, viga en ~(estruct)[arq, ing civil]T beam plank
tabaco curado(fitotec)[ing agrofor]aged tabla de correlacin(estadst)[mat]correlation
tobacco table
tabaco de hebra(fitotec)[ing agrofor]long-cut tabla de datos[ing inform]table
tobacco tabla de decisin lgica(estadst)[mat]truth
tabaco en barra(fitotec)[ing agrofor]plug table
tobacco tabla de desgaste(motor)[ing indr]wear table
tabaco en rama(fitotec)[ing agrofor]tobacco tabla de doble entrada(estadst)[mat]double-
in leaves, leaf-tobacco entry table
tabaco matizado(fitotec)[ing agrofor]blended tabla de edades geolgicas[ing geol/min]
tobacco geological timetable
tabaco para tripa (puros)(fitotec)[ing agrofor] tabla de extrapolaciones(estadst)[mat]set
cigar filler tobacco forward chart
tabique(botnica)[ing agrofor]cross wall tabla de logaritmos[mat]log table
|| (miner)[ing min]astillen || [biol]septum || tabla de rendimientos (materiales de obra)
(tneles minas)[ing min]bulkhead (constr, matr)[arq, ing civil]performance
201 tambor dentado
tierra batida(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]hard(- tinto, vino ~(enolog)[ing agrofor]red wine
packed) surface tipo en V(anat)[cc act fsica y dep]V-shape
tierra calma[ing agrofor]lea, ley, land left idle tira de vuelo[ing aer]flight strip
tierra en descanso[ing agrofor]fallow tirabuzn(nat)[cc act fsica y dep]curl
tierra rara[ing agrofor]rare earth tirador(esgr)[cc act fsica y dep]participant,
tierra virgen(geograf)[ing agrofor/geol]fallow competitor || [cc act fsica y dep]thrower,
ground, virgin land, untouched land shooter || (ft)[cc act fsica y dep]kicker
tierras raras(mineralog)[geol/qum]rare tirante (catedrales, cubiertas amoldadas)(constr)
earths [arq]rib, stretch || (cubiertas de madera a 2/4
tigre, ojo de ~(mineralog)[ing geol/min]tigers aguas)(constr)[arq]tie beam || (metales)(constr)
eye [arq, ing civil]strut || (puentes)(constr)[ing civil]
tigre, pez ~(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep]hecht stay
tijera(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]scissors kick tirante de traccin(estruct)[ing civil]tie bar,
tijera de cuello(judo)[cc act fsica y dep]leg tie rod
scissors on neck tiro(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep]throwing, shot
tijera de piernas(judo)[cc act fsica y dep] tiro a canasta(balonc)[cc act fsica y
scissoring dep]inside shot, short shot
tijera, gato de ~(maq)[ing indr]articulated tiro bombeado(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep]
jack, scissors jack high shot, high arc shot || (ft)[cc act fsica y dep]
tijera, salto ~(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep] Daggett ballooned kick
scissor jump tiro de carrera(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]shot on
tijeras(gimn)[cc act fsica y dep]scissors the run
tijeras simples(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]scissors tiro de gancho(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep] hook
jump shot, turnaround jump shot
tijeras, salto de ~(atl)[cc act fsica y dep]hitch- tiro de sangre (animales de carga)[ing agrofor]
kick animal skidding
tijereta(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]bicycle kick tiro de vuelo recto(bdmin)[cc act fsica y dep]
tijerillas(hp)[cc act fsica y dep]running straight shot, straight stroke
martingales tiro defensivo(bdmin)[cc act fsica y dep]
timn de arado(maq agrcola)[ing agrofor] defensive shot, defensive stroke
tongue truck tiro en bandeja(balonc)[cc act fsica y dep]lay-
timn de direccin[ing aer]rudder up shot
timn de profundidad[ing aer]elevator tiro en campana(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]high
tmpano (puentes)[ing civil]spandrel arc shot
tinta (patologa)[ing agrofor]ink disease tiro envuelto(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]volley
tiro esttico(tiro)[cc act fsica y dep]test-stand
shot
tiro sueco(nat)[cc act fsica y dep]push and tip
shot
tirn[ing aer]climb, pull up
tizn de muros(constr)[ing civil]header
tizn, hilada a ~ (muros)(constr)[arq]header
course, heart bond
tizones, hilada de ~(constr)bond course
tobogn de evacuacin[ing aer]chute, slide
Tijera de piernas (judo). Fotgrafo: scottfeldstein. CC BY 2.5 tocho de extrusin(mec)[ing civil]extrusion
207 torreta, sintonizador de ~
Otros casos de empleo del mundo animal para designar la maquinaria minera son: mofeta,
que basa su analoga en el olor y que designa el gas pernicioso que se desprende de la mina (gas
springs, chokedamp); perro, que en Chile da nombre a un aparato que facilita la entrada de los
carros descarrilados al camino, ofreciendo as una analoga basada en la similitud con el perro
pastor en la que el carro que transporta el carbn por los rales es una oveja descarriada. Nos
encontramos, por tanto, con un ejemplo de metfora de carcter funcional que presenta una
gran riqueza imaginativa; y cochino (groundhog), que designa una pequea vagoneta y que se
basa en un parecido en el tamao y la forma con el animal.
Por ltimo, mencionamos dos trminos que hacen referencia no a animales en s, sino a las
diferentes partes de la anatoma animal: colas (tailings) y patas. Las colas, en ocasiones
tambin denominadas restos (wastes) o relaves, constituyen los desechos txicos resultantes de
los procesos mineros. Generalmente estn constituidos por una mezcla de tierra, minerales,
agua y roca. La pata designa una pieza que sirve como puntal trasero a la mquina circadora
y que se afirma en un poste mientras est trabajando.
Joana Pierce-McMahon
209 tramo
tren de fresas, fresado con ~(maq, mec)[ing tringulo, conexin en ~[ing teleco]delta
indr]multiple milling connection
tren de fuselaje[ing aer]landing gear tringulo, devanado en ~[ing elc]diamond
tren de herramientas(maq)[ing indr]gang winding
tools tributario, ro ~[hidrolog, geol] tributary river
tren de impulsos[fs]pulse train trigo enano(fitotec)[ing agrofor]dwarf wheat
tren de laminacin(metalotec)[ing indr/min] trigo morisco(fitotec)[ing agrofor]buckwheat
finishing mill, rolling mill trigo sarraceno(fitotec)[ing agrofor]
tren de laminacin de alambre(metalurg)[ing buckwheat
min]rolling mill trigo semienano(fitotec)[ing agrofor]semi-
tren de meteoros(astronoma)meteor train dwarf wheat
tren de montaje(maq)[ing indr]mounting line trinchera(tiro)[cc act fsica y dep]trench ||
tren de ondas[fs]wave train, spindle (vas)(constr)[ing civil]cutting
tren de patines[ing aer]skid landing gear triple salto mortal carpado(nat)[cc act fsica y
tren, impresora de ~[ing inform]train printer dep]triple somersault pike
trenzado, ala ~[elem arq]plaited wing tristeza, virus de la ~(ctricos)(fitotec)[ing
trenzado, ro ~[hidrolog, geol]braided river, agrofor]tristeza
plaited river triturar a mano[ing min]spall (to)
trpano(geotecnia)[ing civil]miser || trompa[qum]sucking pump || (bvedas)[arq]
(perforacin)[ing geol/min]bore-bit || (sondeos) squinch
[ing geol/min]bit, jackhammer, churn trompa de agua (compresores)[ing indr]water-
trpano acanalado (sondeos)[ing geol/min] jet pump, water blast
fluted bit trompa de Eustaquio[anat, cc act fsica y dep]
trpano adiamantado(maq)[ing indr] diamond eustachan tube
drill, diamond-studded boring crown trompa de Falopio[anat, cc act fsica y dep]
trpano de aletas (sondeos)[ing geol/min]step fallopian tube
bit trompa de vaco[qum]filter pump
trpano de chorro (sondeos)[ing geol/min]jet- trompa soplante(mec fluid)[fs]blast-pump ||
bit (mec fluid)[ing indr]blast-pump
trpano de corona(maq)[ing indr]splayed troncal, red ~ (transportes)[ing civil]junction
drill, crown-saw || (sondeos)[ing geol/min]star network
bit tronco[arq]shaft || [anat, cc act fsica y dep]
trpano de cuchara (sondeos geotcnicos)[ing body
geol/min]spoon bit, auger-nose shell tropa[cc act fsica y dep]troop
trpano de dedos mltiples(hormign) (constr) trucar un motor(maq, motor)[ing indr]soup
blue demon bit up (to)
trpano de sondeo[ing geol/min]drilling bit, tubera acodada(instalaciones)[arq]bent pipe
earth borer, drilling head tubera con revestimiento empujado
trpano dentado (sondeos)[ing geol/min]earth (instalaciones)[ing civil]pipe jacking
borer tubera de agotamiento(instalaciones)[ing nav
trpano para testigos (sondeos)[ing geol/min] mart y oc]stripping line
core cutter tubera de alimentacin(instalaciones)
trpano piloto (sondeos)[ing geol/min]pilot bit [ing nav mart y oc]feed pipe || (calderas)
trepar(ciclis)[cc act fsica y dep]climb (to) (instalaciones)[ing indr]feed line
tringulo de defensa(balonc)[cc act fsica y tubera de aspiracin(instalac)[ing indr]
dep]rebound triangle, defensive triangle induction line, suction line
213 tnel en herradura
U
U, hierro en ~(metalurg)[ing min]U bar, dep]endurance limit
channel umbral visual[ing aer]visual threshold
U, motor en ~[ing indr]U engine umbral, amplificador de ~(electr)[ing elc]
ultraligero anfibio[ing aer]amphibious threshold amplifier
microlight umbral, circuito de ~(electr)[ing elc]
umbral[ing aer]threshold || (ecolog)threshold threshold circuit
umbral absoluto[cc act fsica y dep]absolute umbral, corriente ~[ing teleco]threshold
threshold current
umbral aerbico[cc act fsica y dep]oxygen umbral, seales de ~[ing aer]threshold
endurance performance limit markings
umbral anaerbico[cc act fsica y dep] umbral, sobre el ~[ing aer]over threshold
anaerobic threshold umbral, vlvula ~ (radar, TV)[ing teleco]
umbral de aproximacin[ing aer]approach threshold valve
gate umbral, voltaje de ~(electr)[ing elc]
umbral de aterrizaje[ing aer]landing threshold voltage
threshold unidad de alimentacin(electric)[ing elc]
umbral de aterrizaje desplazado[ing aer] power supply unit
displaced landing threshold unidad de barrido[ing elc]sweep unit
umbral de carga[ing aer]load threshold unidad de memoria[ing inform]memory unit
umbral de deteccin[ing teleco]threshold unidad gentica(gent)genetic entry
detection unidad manguera-bobina[ing aer]hose-
umbral de energa(nucl)[fs]threshold of drum unit
energy unidad manguera-cesta[ing aer]hose-drogue
umbral de frecuencia[ing teleco]frequency unit
threshold unidad manguera-embudo[ing aer]hose-
umbral de pista[ing aer]runway threshold drogue unit
umbral de resistencia[cc act fsica y dep] unin a masa(mec)ground junction
speed plateau unin de nervios (bvedas gticas)(elem arq)
umbral de ruido[ing aer]noise threshold boss
umbral fotoelctrico[ing teleco]photoelectric unin de redes geodsicas[ing geol/min/
threshold topog]tie
umbral mximo de velocidad[cc act fsica y
unin dentada 216
V
V, conectado en ~[ing elc]V-connected body car
V, conexin en ~[ing elc]V connection vagoneta lanzadera(miner)[ing min]shuttle
V, formacin en ~[ing aer]V formation car
V, haz en ~[ing teleco]V beam vaina(tiro)[cc act fsica y dep]case || (esgr)[cc
V, motor en ~(maq)[ing indr]V engine act fsica y dep]sheath
V, pantalla en ~[ing inform]V screen vaina del tendn (anatoma)[cc act fsica y dep]
V, soldadura en ~(metalotec)[ing indr/min] tendon steath
birds-mouth weld, glut weld vaina, cuello de la ~(tiro)[cc act fsica y dep]
V, tipo en ~(anat)[cc act fsica y dep]V-shape shell neck
vaciado (memoria)[ing inform/teleco]dump vaina, molde de ~(metalotec)[ing indr/min]
vaco, vuelo en ~[ing aer]ferry flight shell mould
vagabundos, electrones ~(electric)[ing elc] vaina, moldear en ~(metalotec)[ing indr/min]
roaming electrons shell mould (to)
vagante, onda ~(hidrulica, acstica)travelling vaina, moldeo en ~(metalotec)[ing indr/min]
wave shell moulding
vagn correo(transp)mail carriage valla de capa lmite[ing aer]boundary layer
vagn cuadra(transp)horse-box, cattle van fence, wing fence
vagn cuba(transp)cistern wagon, tank car, valle ciego[ing geol/min]blind valley
rail tank car valle colgado[ing geol/min]hanging valley
vagn de cola(transp) rear wagon, end carriage valle de dislocacin[ing geol/min]rift valley
vagn de mineral(miner)[ing min]ore wagon, valle en anfiteatro[ing geol/min]
ore car amphitheatrical valley
vagn de socorro(transp)ambulance wagon valle en V[ing geol/min]V-shaped valley
vagn de trampilla(transp)drop-bottom car
vagn estafeta(transp)mail carriage ||
(ferrocarriles)(transp)mail van, mail coach
vagn gndola(transp)well car, well wagon
vagn jaula(transp)stock car
vagn taller(transp)tool wagon
vagoneta de pico(miner)[ing min]scoop
wagon
vagoneta de volquete(miner)[ing min] hinged- Valle en V. Fotgrafo: Pellaea. CC BY 2.5
valle encajonado 218
Georgina Cuadrado-Esclapez
viva, marea ~ 224
W
winche de tiro(constr)[ing civil]pulling winch
227
X
xilamn, tratamiento ~(matr)[ing civil]
xylamon treatment
228
Y
Y, injerto en ~ (tuberas)[ing civil]wye yacimientos en montn(miner)[ing min]
Y, motor en ~(maq)[ing indr]Y-type engine massive deposits
Y, red en ~[ing inform]Y network yema adventicia (fitotec)[ing agrofor]
Y, unin en ~(estruct)[ing civil] Y joint || (ondas) adventitious bud
[ing elc]wye junction yema axilar(fitotec)[ing agrofor]axilary bud
yacimiento de contacto[ing geol/min] contact yema ciega(fitotec)[ing agrofor]blind bud
deposit, contact bed yema desnuda(fitotec)[ing agrofor]naked bud
yacimiento de impregnacin (oro en rocas)[ing yema durmiente(fitotec)[ing agrofor] dormant
geol/min]impregnation bud
yacimiento de insectos(paleont)[ing min] yema latente(fitotec)[ing agrofor]latent bud,
insect occurrence dormant bud
yacimiento de riqueza variable[ing geol/min] yeso alumbrado(matr)marble cement
bunch yeso de vaciar(siderurg)[ing min]casting
yacimiento dislocado[ing geol/min] dislocated plaster
deposit, faulted deposit yeso especular(mineralog)[ing min]selenite
yacimiento en masa[ing geol/min]orebody yugo (taln de la popa de los buques)[ing nav
yacimiento explotable(miner)[ing min] mart y oc]transom
payable orebody yugo, conector macho del ~[ing inform/
yacimiento extrusivo (volcnicos)[ing geol/ teleco]yoke plug
min]extrusive deposit
yacimiento intrusivo (plutnicos)[ing geol/
min]intrusive deposit
yacimiento irregular (bolsones)[ing geol/min]
bunchy
yacimiento lenticular[ing geol/min]channel
deposit, shoestrings
yacimiento rico(miner)[ing min]bunny
yacimiento virgen[ing geol/min]maiden field
yacimientos cumulosos[ing geol/min]
cumulose deposits
yacimientos de nubes ardientes[ing geol/
min]nues ardentes deposits Yema axilar. Fotgrafo: Beatriz Rodrguez. CC BY 2.5
229 yunque de espiga
Z
Z, hierro en ~(metalurg)[ing min]zee, zed bar heel trench
Z, viga en ~(estruct)[arq][ing civil]Z beam zanja maestra(obras pblicas)[ing civil]main
zafiro de ojo de gato(mineralog)[ing geol/min] ditch
asteriated sapphire zapata(cimientos)[ing civil]footing || (constr)
zafiro hembra(mineralog)[ing geol/min] [arq]toe, pad || (jaula de minas)(miner)[ing min]
female sapphire, blue fluorspar shoe, riser head, slipper, bearing shoe
zafiro macho(mineralog)[ing geol/min]male zapata corrida(constr)[arq]footing
sapphire, indigo-blue sapphire zapata cortante (sondeos)[ing civil/geol/min]
zaguero(ft)[cc act fsica y dep]defender drive shoe
zamarra(metalurg)[ing min]slab, ore bloom || zapata de acoplamiento(mec)[indr]coupling
(pudelado)(metalurg)[ing min]half bloom, lump, shoe
ball zapata de apoyo(mec)[indr]setting shoe,
zamarra de chatarra (pudelado)(metalurg)[ing bearing shoe
min]scrap ball zapata de cementacin (pozos)(hidrolog,
zamarra de hierro(metalurg)[ing min]loop constr)cementing shoe
zamarra de hierro pudelado(metalurg)[ing zapata de cimentacin (muros)(constr)[arq]
min]puddled ball pad foundation
zamarra de pudelaje(metalurg)[ing min] zapata de columna(constr)[arq][ing civil]
puddled ball column footing
zambombazo (ft)[cc act fsica y dep] powerful zapata de ferrocarril[ing civil]chair
shot zapata de freno[ing aer/indr]brake shoe
zambullida(balonm)[cc act fsica y dep]diving zapata de oruga(maq)[indr]crawler shoe,
shot || (ft)[cc act fsica y dep]dive
zngano(produc animal)[ing agrofor]drone
zanja cortafuegos(cc medioamb)[ing agrofor]
fire-trace, ditch check
zanja de captacin(hidrulica)[ing civil]catch
drain
zanja de prstamo (carreteras)[ing civil] borrow
pit, side cutting || (excavaciones)[ing geol/
min]borrow
zanja del taln (presas)(hidrulica)[ing civil] Zapata corrida. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
231 zumbido magntico
Part II
InglsEspaol
EnglishSpanish
234
A
A-bracket (ships)(navig)[naval eng]arbotante la lente
A-bus[comp sci]bus principal abiotic stress[biotech]estrs abitico
A-frame(mech)batiente en pirmide abort (to)[aer eng]suspender vuelo,
abandon a mine (to)[min eng]abandonar la interrumpir una maniobra || [comp sci]abortar
explotacin de una mina abort a landing (to)(aviat)[aer eng]abortar un
abandon a patent (to)[econ, engs]renunciar a aterrizaje, irse al aire
una patente abort rate(aviat)[aer eng]ndice de vuelos
abandon airplane (to) (parachute jump)(aviat) abortados
[aer eng]orden de abandonar el avin en vuelo abort, air ~[aer eng]misin area abortada
abandon ship order(navig)[naval eng]orden aborted landing(aviat)[aer eng]aterrizaje
de abandonar el buque abortado
abandoned mine[min eng]mina abandonada aborted take-off(aviat)[aer eng]despegue
abandoned take-off[aer eng]despegue abortado
abortado, despegue interrumpido abortive flight(aviat)[aer eng]vuelo abortado,
abandoned well[min eng]pozo abandonado vuelo fallido
abandoned workings[min eng]trabajos above board, to be ~ (cards)(gam)[sport sci]ser
abandonados sincero
abandoning expenses(adm, econ)gastos de abrasive[geol]formacin abrasiva
abandono abrasive belt(metallotech)[indr eng]cinta
abandonment (of a mine)[min eng]abandono abrasiva
de una mina abrasive belt grinding(metallotech)[indr
abandonment of a vessel(navig)[naval eng]afilado por cinta abrasiva
eng]abandono de un buque abrasive brick(metallotech)[indr eng]bloque
abandonment plans[min eng]planos abrasivo
requeridos por la ley de minas al abandonar la abrasive ground[geol]formacin abrasiva
explotacin abrasive shot(metallotech)[indr eng]abrasivo
abate (to)(metallur)[indr/min geol]reducir el metlico
temple absolute[chem]puro
abating(metallur)[indr/min geol]recocido absolute age, rock ~(petrolog)[geol]edad
aberration[comp sci]aberracin, anomala || radiomtrica de la roca
(optics)[phys]aberracin absolute ceiling[aer eng]techo absoluto,
aberration, lens ~(optics)[phys]aberracin de techo terico
235 acid number
air bag[aer eng]bolsa de aire, cojn de aire, air display[aer eng]festival areo
saco de aire, peto de seguridad air drift[min eng]pocillo de ventilacin
air band[aer eng]banda area air endway[min eng]galera paralela
air base[aer eng]base area air fleet[aer eng]flota area, parque areo
air base open day[aer eng]jornada de puertas air force[aer eng]fuerza area
abiertas en base area air forces(army)fuerzas areas
air blast[geol/min eng]onda area air gun(pet)[min eng]pistola de aire
air border[aer eng]frontera area comprimido
air box (furnaces)(mach)[indr eng]colector de air hole (metal flaws)(metallur)[indr/min geol]
barrido, caja de viento pelo, sopladura
air brick (air circulation)(constr)[arch]ladrillo air horsepower (fans)(mech)potencia
hueco aerodinmica, caballaje terico
air bridge[aer eng]pasarela de acceso directo, air inlet cock(installat)[indr eng]grifo de
pasarela de embarque/desembarque, puente entrada de aire
mvil || (mines)[min eng]cruce de ventilacin air intake[min eng]toma de aire
air bump(aviat)[aer eng]bache de aire air lane[aer eng]ruta area
air bunting (ships)(navig)[naval eng]oreo de air leakage (pipes)(installat)[indr eng]escape
banderas izndolas de aire
air cap (paper manufacturing)(indr)capuchn air leg(jackhammers)(mech), (constr)[civil eng]
de aire soporte neumtico
air cargo[aer eng]carga area air legs(mach)[indr eng]cabria de aire
air case (boat)(marit transp)[naval eng]caja de comprimido
aire air liaison officer[aer eng]oficial de enlace
air chamber[aer eng]cmara de aire || areo
(furnaces)(siderurg)[min eng]cmara de viento air liberalization[aer eng]libertades del aire
air channel[telecom eng]canal de aire air lift pump(hydrau)[civil eng]elevadora de
air circus[aer eng]festival areo agua por aire comprimido
air clamp(tools, mach)[indr eng]mordaza air lock(constr) [civil eng]esclusa de aire ||
neumtica [min eng]puertas dobles
air cock(installat, mach)[indr eng]vlvula de air mass[aer eng]masa de aire
purgar aire air mover[min eng]ventilador de aire
air command[aer eng]mando areo comprimido
air control centre(aviat)[aer eng]centro de air navigation[aer eng]aeronavegacin,
control areo navegacin area
air corridor(aviat)[aer eng]pasillo areo air pack[aer eng]bache de aire
air course[min eng]pozo de ventilacin air park[aer eng]campo de aviacin
air curtain(installat, arch elem)cortina de aire air patrol[aer eng]patrulla area
|| (airplane hangars)(facilities)[aer eng]cortina air piracy[aer eng]secuestro de aviones,
de aire piratera area
air cushion[aer eng]colchn de aire || (mach) air plot[aer eng]trayectoria area
[indr eng]cojn de aire || (floating dock)(installat) air pocket[aer eng]bache de aire
[naval eng]cmara de aire a presin air pulse(pet)[min eng]pulso de aire
air cushion landing gear[aer eng]tren de air racer(aviat)[aer eng]aviador de caza
colchn de aire air rally[aer eng]rally areo
air cushion vehicle[aer eng]vehculo de air route[aer eng]aerova || (aviat)[aer eng]
colchn de aire pasillo areo
air route network 240
In ancient and medieval times, it seems logical to infer that shipbuilding followed principles
of classical architecture, such as geometrical methods. Accordingly, some large vessels
seemed to follow architectural styles decoration such as Gothic masonry constructions with
a series of multi-arcs frames and shapes around the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In fact,
architectural styles have naval counterparts in ornamentation and mouldings during rococo,
regency and neoclassicism periods. This is also shown by the wide use of the term naval
architecture. It is also likely that carpentry methods were shared in both cathedrals and ships,
since timber was the material widely used in both types as well as wooden scales, bringing out
reciprocal influences and this influence is also evidenced in the amount of words found in the
construction of cathedrals: anchor (to) (anclar), anchor joint (junta de anclaje), bow front,
bargeboard, barrel vault (boveda de can), bow front (frente archueado), or cruck, (cabio
curvo entero). Moreover, sail is widely used in terms for describing different types of domes
in churches and cathedrals, for instance sail dome (cpula griega), sail surface (lienzos del
muro) and sail vault (bveda vada). Also, the word vessel (buque) is named to describe an
architectural form. In Spanish, we have also the same words as anclaje, anclaje de zapatas, and
estela.
Additionally metaphorical mapping can be found in other terms such as mast (mstil), jib
door (puerta falsa) or knots (nudos), which are names used for architectural elements of a
building.
Paloma beda-Mansilla
anchor throat[naval eng]cuello del ancla angel[comp sci]eco parsito, eco visible en la
anchor ties(constr)[civil eng]tirantes pantalla
anchor with sleeve(struct)[civil eng]ancla con angle brace[arch]codo de andamio
camisa angle cleat(constr)[arch]abrazadera
anchor, joist ~(sruct)[civil eng]anclaje de angle dozer(constr)[civil eng]hoja empujadora
vigueta angulable
anchor, sleeve ~(constr)[civil eng]manguito angle jib (crane)(constr)[civil eng]brazo
de anclaje acodado
anchorage chamber (bridges)(struct)[civil eng] angle of attack[aer/min eng, sport sci]ngulo
cmara de anclaje de ataque
anchorage saddle (bridges)(struct)[civil eng] angle of crab[aer eng]ngulo de deriva
silleta de anclaje angle of drift[aer eng]ngulo de deriva
anchored to the mat (body)(gym)[sport angle of incidence(optics)[phys]angulo de
sci]anclado en la colchoneta incidencia
anchoring-ground[naval eng]agarradero angle of nip[min eng]ngulo de contacto,
and or not gate[comp sci]compuerta y-o-no ngulo de cabeceo de contacto
angle of release 244
Annular rings. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez Antenna field. Photographer: Irina Argelles-lvarez.
245 argillaceous matrix
This image is not the only one associated with nature as, similarly, the phenomenon of
avalanche is also used in electronics. It describes a breakdown in a semiconductor diode
where, due to a sudden increase in the flow of an electrical current, current carriers collide
with valence electrons and produce cumulative multiplication of carriers, this resulting in
uneven current flow. Avalanche noise is a form of noise produced in a region close to the
point of avalanche breakdown.
These image metaphors have an exact correspondence in Spanish in the area of electronics
cascada; computing science virus en cascada, servidor en cascada o ventanas en cascada or
avalancha or ruido de avalancha in radio communications.
Irina Argelles-lvarez.
250
B
babble signal[telecom eng]seal de susurro backbone(mech)elemento principal ||
baby, wheel~[aer eng]baha del tren de (network)[comp sci]red principal
aterrizaje backbone system[comp sci]red principal
back[min eng]techo, cielo de una galeria || backbone, internet ~[comp sci]red principal
(anchors)[naval eng]engalgar de internet
backs[min eng]reservas backcast stripping[min eng]arranque de la
back balance[min eng]plano inclinado de va montera
nica y contra peso backdoor[comp sci]puerta trasera
back bombardment(electro)[elec eng] backed-off tooth(mech)[indr eng]diente
bombardeo de retroceso destalonado
back building (form)(arch elem)costado back-face (to)[indr eng] fresar la cara posterior
back cut[agrofor eng]boca de apeo backfill[min eng]macizado
back cutting(struct)[civil eng]terrapln backfill (to)[min eng]rellenar minas
aadido, terrapln secundario backfire[aer eng]combustin falsa || (mech)
back echo[phys]eco reflejado petardeo, contrafuego, encendido prematuro
back pike (jump)(swim)[sport sci]salto carpado back-fire(forest)[ing agrofor]incendio que
de espalda avanza contra el viento
back porch(electro)[elec eng] umbral posterior, backflow(electro)[elec eng]contracorriente
porche posterior backhand chop(table ten)[sport sci]servicio
back props(constr)[civil eng]puntales cortado de revs
provisionales de refuerzo backing[naval eng]almohadillado
back shot[min eng]barreno de frente backing deals[min eng]tablestacas
back sweep[aer eng]flecha positiva backing weld(metallotech)[indr/min eng]
back the wrong horse (to) (sportsman)(sport) soldadura espaldar
[sport sci]apostar a caballo equivocado backlash(electric, electro)[elec eng]corriente
back wave[telecom eng]onda de reposo, onda inversa de rejilla || (fish)[sport sci]reaccin
residual violenta || (gears)(mach)[naval eng]juego entre
back work[min eng]trabajos auxiliares dientes
back, abutment ~(constr)[arch, civil eng]cara backlog(mech)[comp sci]trabajo atrasado,
del estribo pendiente
backacter(constr)[civil eng]excavadora de back-out tap(mach)[indr eng]macho
cucharn de arrastre sacaprisionero
251 ball-shaped body, to form ~
Metaphorical terms involve words or expressions such as aerial battle (duelo areo), attack
(ataque), ammunition (municin), bombard (caonear), marshal the defence (amordazar la
defense), defensive shot (tiro defensivo), ground gained (terreno ganado), death trap (trampa
mortal), battleground (campo de batalla), shoot (fusilar), assault (asalto), and finally the
opponent (rival) as the enemy.
Mara-Jos Gmez-Ortiz
Examples:
Ana Roldn-Riejos
1. Lakoff, 1993.The contemporary theory of metaphor. In Ortony, A. (ed.) Metaphor and Thought, 2nd ed. 2,
202-251, CUP
C
C letter, to form a ~ (backbone)(gym) [sport sci] cake, copper ~(metallur)[min eng]galpago de
formar la letra C cobre
cabinet varnish(indr, woodwk)barniz de cake, filter ~(pet)[min eng]costra de lodo
mueca cake, gold ~(mineralog)[geol/min eng]oro
cable comb(electric)[elec eng]peine de cable esponjoso
cable elect (sails)[naval eng]vaina cake, liquation ~(copper)(metallur)[min
cable fan[comp sci]peine eng]pan de licuacin
cable system[min eng]sistema de cable de cake, milk ~(explos)[min eng]pasta
cola cake, yellow ~(nucl phys)concentrado de
cable-stayed bridge(struct)[civil eng]puente uranio, torta amarilla
atirantado cake, zinc ~(metallur)[min eng]galpago de
cactus grab mucker[min eng]cangiln de zinc
gajos calcareous matrix[geol/min eng]matriz
cadet(kar)[sport sci]cadete calcrea
cage(constr)jaula || [min eng]jaula, camarn calibrated drum(electric)[elec eng]tambor de
cage aerial[telecom eng]antena de jaula medicin
cage bail (hoisting cage)[min eng]mordaza de call the signals (to)(footb)[sport sci]dar las
amarre del cable rdenes o instrucciones
cage hoist (to)[min eng]enjaular call the soundings[naval eng]cantar el fondo
cage shoes[min eng]zapatas de la jaula call, tender ~[min eng]citacin a licitadores,
cage, discus ~(athl)[sport sci]jaula llamada a licitacin
cage, drawing ~ (mines)[min eng]jaula calliper-square[naval eng]pie de rey
cage, guided ~[min eng]jaula guiada callow[geol]manto superficial
cage, hoisting ~(mining)[min eng]jaula de calm air(meteor)[aer eng]aire en calma
extraccin calm glassy(meteor)[naval eng]mar en calma
cage, multideck ~(mining)[min eng]jaula de calm, glassy ~ (sea)[naval eng]calma total
varios pisos calm-rippled[naval eng]mar rizado
cage, pit ~[min eng]jaula de extraccin || [min cam drive arm(mech)[indr eng]palanca de
eng]chimenea mando de la leva
cage, safety ~[min eng]jaula de seguridad cam drum(motor)[indr eng]tambor de levas
caisson foundation(constr)[arch]cimentacin cam feed drilling(mech)[indr eng]taladro por
por cajones, cimentacin de caja avance con leva
cam follower 274
cap, pile ~(struct) [civil eng]sombrerete del captive balloon[aer eng]globo cautivo
pilote, cabeza de pilote captive nut(mach, tools)tuerca cerrada
cap, pouring ~(metallur)[min eng]cazo de captive screw(installat, mach)tornillo
colada prisionero
cap, propeller ~(mach) [naval eng]caperuza capture (to)[aer eng]capturar || [comp sci,
de la hlice telecom eng]capturar
capable fault[geol, civil eng]falla susceptible capture of glide slope[aer eng]captura de
capacity, memory ~[comp sci]capacidad de senda de planeo
memoria captured river(hydrol)[geol]ro decapitado
capacity, production ~[min eng]capacidad de car park deck(constr)[arch]planta del
produccin aparcamiento
capillarity[geol]capilaridad carbon core (moulding)(matr)[indr eng]macho
capillary[chem]tubo capilar de carbn
capillary action(mech)capilaridad, carbon paper(drawing)[arch]papel carbn
deprimirse || [agrofor eng]accin capilar carbon skeleton(petrolog)[geol]esqueleto
capillary head(hydrau)[civil eng]mxima carbonado
capacidad capilar carbon trace[environ sci, chem]huella de
capillary lift[geol/min eng]elevacin capilar carbono
capillary pressure release[geol/min eng] carboniferous bed[geol/min eng]manto
depresin capilar carbonfero
capillary rise[geol/min eng]levantamiento carbon-killed steel(metallur)[min eng]acero
capilar al carbono calmado
capillary tube(installat)tubo capilar || carcass (structure)[naval eng]esqueleto
[chem]tubo capilar cards stacked against someone(sport)[sport
capillary vessel[agrofor eng]vaso capilar sci]no hay oportunidad de ganar
capillary water[geol]agua capilar careful blasting[min eng]voladura de
capped ingot(metallur)[min eng]lingote precaucin
tapado cargo bay[aer eng]bodega de carga
capping(struct) [civil eng]refrentado cargo hold[aer eng]bodega de carga
capping brick(matr, constr)[arch]ladrillo de cargo manifest(transp)manifiesto de carga
coronacin cargo traffic[aer eng]trfico de carga
capping mass[geol/min eng]terreno de caries texture(mineralog)[geol/min eng]
recubrimiento textura cariosa
caps, white ~ (waves)(transp)[naval eng] carinate fold[geol]pliegue isoclinal
palomas, palomillas carousel(sport)[sport sci]carrusel || [aer eng]
capstan idler(mach)polea gua carrusel || (metallur)[min eng]carrusel, caracol,
capsule(botany)[agrofor eng], [anat, sport sci] alimentador rotatorio
cpsula
capsule of closed carpels[agrofor eng]caja
captain(sport)[sport sci]capitn
captain (to)(sport)[sport sci]capitanear
captain of the head (toilets)[naval eng]capitn
de jardines
captain, team ~(sport)[sport sci]capitn de
equipo
captaincy(sport)[sport sci]capitana Captive Screw. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez
carousel, baggage claim ~ 276
Although wine is the traditional christening fluid, it is interesting to note that numerous
other liquids have been used. Princeton and Raritan were sent on their way in 1843 with whisky.
Champagne became popular as the nineteenth century closed. A famous example was Maine,
the Navys first steel battleship, launched at the New York Navy Yard, November 18, 1890.
Silvia Molina-Plaza
283 clasp
cloud, mother of pearl ~(meteor)[aer eng] coat, sanding ~[aer eng]revestimiento pulido
nube madreperla coat, float (paint)[naval eng]capa por flotacin
cloud, particulate ~(nucl phys)nube de coat, mast (mast partner)[naval eng]capa, capa
partculas aguadera
clouded agate(mineralog)[geol eng]calcedonia coat, sail[naval eng]funda de vela, camiseta
con manchas coat, sealing ~(matr)[civil eng]capa de sellado
clump(mach)[ing indr]cuello soldable coated(electric)[elec eng]revestido ||
cluster gear(mech)tren de engranajes (metallotech)[indr eng]baado
clutch at straws (to)(sport)[sport sci]aferrarse coated diamond(mineralog)[geol/min eng]
a cualquier cosa diamante con revestimiento, revestido
clutch tooth(mach)[indr eng]diente de coated grains(petrolog)[geol]granos con
embrague envueltas de carbonato clcico
clutch, jaw~(mech, motor)[indr eng] embrague coating (metals)(metallur)[min eng]bao
de mordazas coating system(matr)[civil eng]revestimiento,
clutch, tooth ~(mech)garra de embrague recubrimiento
clutter[aer eng]ecos parsitos || (radar screen) cob(matr, constr)ladrillo crudo
[naval eng]perturbacin cobbles[min eng]carbn en galleta
coal auger[min eng]barrena helicoidal cobblestone(matr)[arch]guijarros
coal barrier[min eng]macizo de seguridad cobra manoeuvre[aer eng]maniobra de la
coal basin[geol/min eng]cuenca hullera cobra, vuelo encabritado
coal bed[min eng]manto de carbn cock[aer eng]ladear, inclinar
coal blasting[min eng]voladura de carbn cock plug (of a tap)(installat)macho
coal digger[min eng]picador de carbn cock spigot(mach, installat)cuello de grifo
coal field[geol/min eng]cuenca hullera cock, air ~(installat, mach)[indr eng]vlvula
coal seam[min eng]capa de carbn, filn de purgar el aire
coal smut[min eng]afloramiento de carbn cock, air inlet ~(installat)[indr eng]grifo de
coal smut black pins[min eng]afloramiento entrada de aire
de carbn cock, blowdown ~ (boilers)[indr eng]grifo de
coarse ore[min eng]mineral en trozos extraccin
coarse roll[min eng]rodillo de premolienda cockbill the anchor (to)[naval eng]apear el
coarse-grained steel(metallur)[min eng]acero ancla
de grano grueso cockfight(sport)[sport sci]pelea de gallos
coast (to)(sport)[sport sci]ir en punto muerto, cockpit[aer eng]cabina de mando || (hull)
llanear [sport sci, naval eng]baera
coast line(cosmolog, astrophys)[phys]lnea de cockpit canopy (aircraft)[aer eng]techo de la
costa || (topogr)lnea de costa cabina
coast to coast(basketb)[sport sci]ataque de cockpit failure(aviat)[aer eng]error del piloto
canasta a canasta cockpit hood[aer eng]capucha de cabina
coastal arch(urb)[arch]arco costero
coasted casing (wells)(installat)tubera
revestida
coat(electro)[elec eng]revestimiento || (matr)
[civil eng]cubierta || [geol/min eng]tnica
coat (to)[naval eng]revestir
coat of arms(arch elem)escudo de armas Coat [elec eng]. Photographer: Irina Argelles-lvarez. CC BY
2.5
287 column-free floor
D
dab (to)(matr)[arch]picar vlvula de dardo
dactylitic texture(petrolog)[geol]textura dart, egg and ~ (ornament)[arch]ovas y flechas
dactlica data bank[comp sci]banco de informacin
dagger(arch elem)perfil de daga, daga data bus[comp sci]enlace de datos
dagger board(installat)[naval eng]orza data cell[comp sci]celda de datos
movible data entry terminal[comp sci]terminal de
dagger knee (ships)[naval eng]curva en entrada de datos
diagonal data hierarchy[comp sci]jerarqua de datos
daggett scissor jump(gym)[sport sci]salto data independence[comp sci]independencia
tijera de datos
daily average send-out(pet)[min eng] data migration[comp sci]migracin de datos
promedio diario de despacho, volumen data mining[comp sci]minera de datos
daisy chain(econ, pet)[min eng]ventas en data purification[comp sci]depuracin de
cadena || [comp sci]cadena tipo margarita datos
daisywheel printer[comp sci]impresora de data surfer[comp sci]navegante de internet
margaritas data transparency[comp sci]transparencia de
dam (blast furnace)(metallur)[min eng]dama datos
dam stone (blast furnace)(metallur)[min eng] dates of heading[agrofor eng]fechas de
dama espigamiento
damage (fatigue)(constr)[civil eng]dao daughter cells[biol]clulas hijas
damping capacity (metals)(metallur)[min eng] daughter chromatids(genet)[biol]cromtidas
histresis elstica hijas
dangerous throw technique(kar)[sport sci] daughter chromosomes(genet)[biol]
tcnica de derribo peligrosa cromosomas hijos
dark current pulse(electro)[elec eng]impulso daughter product(nucl phys)nucleido hijo
de corriente oscura day box[min eng]polvorn diurno
dark energy[phys]energa oscura day drift[min eng]socavn
dark horse(sport)[sport sci]incgnita, enigma day hole[min eng]socavn
dark light(electromagn)[phys, telecom eng]luz daylight (to)[min eng]salir a la superficie
negra dayshift[indr/min eng]turno de da
dark matter[phys]materia oscura dead (houses, walls)(constr)[arch]deteriorado
dart valve (prospecting)(mach)[geol/indr eng] deads[min eng]estril
dead abutement 300
Metaphors can occur non-verbally and multimodally as well as purely verbally; they are
expressed by language, but they are not necessarily linguistic in nature. The following are
some examples of lexicalized metaphors in Earth Sciences in which visual and verbal modes
are present. Within visual cues, both colour (olive copper ore, glacier milk) and shape
(hood, helm cloud) have been considered, although the latter is much more frequent.
As can be seen, in Earth Sciences, most visual metaphors may be considered bimodal
metaphors as they also have a verbal component involved in the mapping. Let us take the
case of dome, in which both visual and verbal cues are essential elements involved in the
mental representation. The image of a rounded structure, plus the general knowledge of a
buildings roof architectural element the dome make up the mental representation that
allowed geologists to use dome, salt dome and dome fold to name the corresponding
elements in nature when they discovered them.
Most of the English terms have a corresponding translation in Spanish, equally metaphorical.
geology dome (cpula, domo), salt dome (domo salfero), dome fold (pliegue
abovedado), exfoliation dome (domo de exfoliacin), exogenous dome
(domo volcnico), fan-fold (pliegue en abanico), alluvial fan (abanico aluvial),
alluvial cone (abanico fluvial), canyon (can), hood (cabo), gullet
(garganta), kettle (marmita), almond rock (roca amigdaloide), chimney
rock (roca saliente), grained rock (roca granulada), mushroom rock (roca
fungiforme), eye-structure (estructura ojosa o glandulosa), crater cone (cono
volcnico), pillow lava (lava almohadillada)
glaciology ice cap (casquete glaciar), ice lens (fisura del terreno relleno de hielo), ice vein
(fisura del terreno rellena de hielo), herringbone crevasses (grietas en espina),
glacier comb (circo glaciar), glacier milk (leche de glaciar, agua fangosa de
glaciar), glacial lobe (lengua glaciar)
meteorology helm cloud (nube en la cresta), on top of a mountain; mares tail (cirros de
cola de caballo), mother-of-pearl clouds (nubes nacaradas), granular snow
(nieve granulada), forked lightning (rayo ramificado), milky way (va lctea)
mineralogy lentil (lentejn), bulls eye (ojo de buey), star stone (ojo de gato, asteria),
olive copper ore (olivinita), feather (defecto), herringbone twin (macla en
espina), and to describe minerals structure, birds eye structure (estructura
ocelar), and columnar habitus (facies columnar).
Pilar Durn-Escribano
309 drawbridge (castles)
E
ear (windows)(arch elem)orejuela earths mantle[geol]manto terrestre
ear muffs(mining)[min eng]audfonos eartip[aer eng]oliva de auricular
ear plugs(mining)[min eng]tapones easement(mining)[min eng]servidumbre de
ear, elephant ~[aer eng]superficie de alerones paso
o timones ms larga que el ala easy bilge[naval eng]pantoque suave
ear, splicing ~(tools, mach)orejeta de unin easyout(mech)extractor de pernos
early(agron)[agrofor eng]tempranero, eat (to)(chess)[sport sci]comer
temprano eat in (to) (sails)[naval eng]fruncir
early grape(agric)[agrofor eng]uva temprana eat someones dust (to)(sport)[sport sci]seguir
early lamb(animal prod)[agrofor eng]cordero a un competidor, rezagarse
temprano eaves, flared ~(arch elem)alero de aletas
earn a letter(sport)[sport sci]ganar una letra, profundas
ser reconocido por la excelencia eccentric(mech)excntrica
earned surplus(adm)excedente eccentric loads(constr)[arch] cargas excntricas
earning power(adm)capacidad de ganancia echo amplitude[telecom eng]amplitud de eco
ears, elephant ~[aer eng]tomas de aire para echo chamber (radio)[telecom eng]cmara
sistemas de a bordo instaladas simtricamente a resonante
cada lado del fuselaje echo, masked ~[aer/telecom eng]eco
earth (to)(electric)[elec eng]conectar a tierra, enmascarado
poner a tierra || (motor)[indr eng]unir a masa echo, noncoherent ~[telecom eng]eco
earth borer (prospecting)(mining)[geol/min eng] incoherente
trpano de sondeo, trpano dentado echo, parasite ~[aer eng]eco parsito de radar
earth circuit(electric)[elec eng]circuito de echoes, ghost ~[telecom eng]ecos fantasmas
tierra ecological barrier(ecolog)[environ sci]barrera
earth connection(electric)[elec eng]conexin ecolgica
a tierra ecological corridors(ecolog)[environ sci]
earth crust[geol]corteza terrestre pasillos ecolgicos
earth current(electric)[elec eng]corriente de ecological dominance(ecolog)[environ sci]
tierra dominancia ecolgica
earth-coupled heat pump(mach)[indr eng] ecological niche(ecolog)[environ sci]nicho
bomba de calor geotrmica ecolgico
earthquake shock[geol]sacudida ssmica ecological pyramid(ecolog)[environ sci]
315 electrode wheel
Expansion blister. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez. Eye-bolt. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
external vibrator 320
Eye of the storm. NASA Goddard Photo and Video. CC BY 2.5 Eyebrow-window. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
321 face, free ~
F
fabric (rocks)(petrolog)[geol/min eng]fbrica, face indices(crystallog)[geol/min eng]ndices
textura de las caras
fabric, depositional~(petrolog)[geol]textura face mechanization(mining)[min eng]
deposicional mecanizacin de la cara de trabajo
fabric, hiatal ~(petrolog)[geol/min eng] textura face mill(mach)[indr eng]fresa de refrentar
hiatal face milling(mach)[indr eng]fresadura o
face(crystallog)[geol/min eng]cara || [telecom fresado frontal
eng]cara || (mining)[min eng]frente, frente de face of the bow(archry)[sport sci]cara del arco
avance, frente de ataque, cara || (tunls)[civil eng] face of the club(golf)[sport sci]cara del palo
frente de ataque, paramento face of the heading(mining)[min eng]frente
face (to)(metallotech)[indr eng]revestir, de avance de la galera
recubrir una superficie, aplanar, pulir, recrecer face of the paddle(cano)[sport sci]hoja de la
con soldadura || (moulding)(metalwk)[indr eng] pala
espolvorear con negro face of tooth(mach)flanco de diente
face amount(econ)valor nominal face signal(mining)[min eng]mando del frente
face arch[arch]arco frontal face stones (drilling)(mach)[geol eng] diamantes
face area(mining)[min eng]rea de silencio del insertados en el frente del trpano
frente face the sea (to)(navigat)[naval eng]dar proa a
face belt conveyor(mining)[min eng] la mar
transportador de cinta desde el frente face value (shares)(econ)valor nominal
face boss(mining)[min eng]capataz del frente face worker(mining)[min eng]operario del
face brick(constr)[arch]ladrillo de fachada frente
face cam(motor)[indr eng]leva de ranura face, blade ~ (propellers)(mach)[indr eng]cara
face cog(mach)[indr eng]diente lateral (rueda de la pala
dentada) face, cleavage ~(mineralog)[geol eng]cara de
face conveyor(mach)[min eng]transportador crucero
del frente face, composition ~(crystallogr)[geol]cara de
face cutter(tools)[indr eng]fresa de refrentar agrupamiento
face gear(mach, mech)[indr eng]engranaje de face, driving ~(screw)(navig)[naval eng]cara
dentadura frontal activa
face haulage(mining)[min eng]transporte del face, free ~[min eng]superficie libre
frente
face, full ~ 322
Measured
output
Sensor
form a globe (to)(body)(gym)[sport sci] formar fracture habit, steel ~(metallur)[min eng]
un globo hbito del acero a la fractura
form ball-shaped body (to)(gym)[sport sci] fracture lip (materials)[aer eng]labio de corte
formar una pelota fracture strength(matr)[civil eng]resistencia
form feed[comp sci]alimentacin de papel a la fractura
formation, rock ~(petrolog)[geol]cuerpo de fracture stress(matr)[civil eng]esfuerzo de
roca, cuerpo rocoso rotura
fortify (to)(enolog)[agrofor eng]encabezar fracture, base ~[min eng]fractura basal
forward chaining (computer systems)[comp sci] fracture, spontaneous ~(struct)[civil eng]
encadenamiento hacia atrs fractura espontnea
fossil community[geol/min eng]comunidad fractured ground(petrolog)[geol/min eng]
de fsiles roca diaclasada
fossil fuel(pet)[min eng]combustible fsil fragile[arch]frgil
fossil nodules (pathology)[arch]nudos de fragilization susceptibility(struct)[civil eng]
fosilizaciones susceptibilidad a la fragilizacin
fossil water[geol]agua connata frame(constr)[arch]entramado || (cycl)[sport
foul (to) (anchor)[naval eng]encepar(se) sci]cuadro || (row)[sport sci]forro || [comp
foul bill of health(indr, engs)patente sucia sci, telecom eng]trama, fotograma || (form)
found down by the head (to)[naval eng] [arch]cuadro
colarse por ojo frame bow(mach, tools )[indr eng]sierra
foundation plate(constr)[civil eng]placa de bracera
cimentacin frame crane(mach)[civil eng]gra prtico
foundation settling(constr)[civil eng]asiento frame saw(mach)[indr eng]sierra bracera
de cimentacin frame window[comp sci]marco de la ventana
founder head down (to)[naval eng]colarse frame, balloon ~[arch]estructura en globo
por ojo frame, x-braced ~(struct, constr)[civil eng,
founder head first (to)[naval eng]colarse por arch]armadura reforzada en X
ojo framework(enolog)[agrofor eng]armazn
fourfold screw axis(crystallog)[geol/min eng] || (gym)[sport sci]prtico || (form)[arch]
eje helicoidal cuaternario entramado
four-wing bit(pet)[min eng]mecha de cuatro franchise(sport)[sport sci]jugador solvente
aletas free agent(sport)[sport sci]deportista libre
foxtail (slag)(metallur)[min eng]rabo de zorro free air(mech)aire a presin atmosfrica
fracture[geol/min eng]faldilla free arm(athl)[sport sci]brazo libre
fracture dome[min eng]bveda de can de free ball(volleyb) [sport sci]baln regalado
rotura free charge(electric)[elec eng]carga libre
free energy[phys]energa libre
free face[min eng]superficie libre
free fall(sport)[sport sci]cada libre
free fatty acids[agrofor eng]cidos grasos
libres
free flight[aer eng]vuelo libre, vuelo sin
motor
free floor plan[arch]planta libre
free flow(hydrau)[civil eng]derrame libre
Fossil community. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez free gold(mineralog)[geol/min eng]oro en
335 frost heave
G
gable end(constr)[arch, civil eng]muro pin gallery testing(mining)[min eng]ensayo en
gaff monkey[naval eng]pico de bandera galera
gaff sail[naval eng]vela cangreja gallery, mother ~[agrofor eng] galera materna
gain (signal)[telecom eng]ganancia galloping(electric)[elec eng]vibracin
gain trace(pet)[min eng]rastro de ganancia galopante
gain, antenna ~[telecom eng]ganancia de galloway sinking(mining)[min eng] plataforma
antena de profundizacin y revestimiento de galloway
gain, current ~(electro)[elec eng]ganancia de galloway stage(mining)[min eng]andamio
corriente suspendido, horca colgante, plataforma
gain, initial bias ~[telecom eng]ganancia por game bag, to be in the ~ (loser)(gam)[sport sci]
polarizacin de rejilla estar muerto
gain, isotropic ~[telecom eng]ganancia game of craps(sport)[sport sci]juego
isotrpica arriesgado
gain, loop ~[telecom eng]ganancia de bucle game of inches(basketb, footb)[sport sci] ganar
gain, matched power ~[telecom o perder por poco
eng]ganancia en potencia de un crculo game port[comp sci]puerto para juegos
adaptado game, offensive ~(badmin)[sport sci]juego
gain, net ~[telecom eng]ganancia neta ofensivo
gain, open-loop ~(electric)[elec eng]ganancia gamma ray log(pet)[min eng]registro de
en circuito abierto radiactividad natural
gain, receive ~[telecom eng]ganancia de gangway(mining)[min eng]galera de
recepcin transporte
gain, relative power ~[telecom eng]ganancia gantry, finish ~(athl)[sport sci]prtico de
relativa en potencia llegada
gain, transducer ~[telecom eng]ganancia de gap(constr)(mech)abertura || [naval eng]
un transductor garganta
gain, transmission ~[telecom eng]ganancia gap fault[geol]falla abierta
de transmisin gap, horn ~(electric)[elec eng]chispero de
gain, video[telecom eng]ganancia de vdeo cuernos
gain, voltage[telecom eng]ganancia de tensin gap, needle ~(electric)[elec eng]chispero de
gallery(mining)[min eng]galera agua
gallery forest[agrofor eng]galera forestal gap, water ~(rivers)[geogr, geol]garganta
gap, wind ~ 338
Glass nose. Photographer: Elsie esq. CC BY 2.0. Glass sheet. Photographer: Petertullett. CC BY 2.5.
341 grandstand play
pared inmediatos
go to the mat for (to)(wrestl)[sport sci] good in the clutch(sport)[sport sci]bueno,
defender una posicin, arriesgar fiable en el juego
go toe-to-toe with someone (to)(box)[sport goose egg (score)(baseb)[sport sci]cero en el
sci]competir duro marcador
go with the flow (to)(sport)[sport sci]ir con la goose foot(mech)[indr eng]pata de ganso
corriente gooseneck(mech)cuello de cisne
goal hunters(sport)[sport sci]cazagoles gopherhole blasting(explos)[min eng] voladura
goal mouth(footb)[sport sci]arco por cmaras
goalkeeper(footb)[sport sci]guardameta gophering(explos)[min eng]voladura de
goalmouth(footb)[sport sci]marco arenas compactas
goaltending(basketb)[sport sci]bloqueo ilegal, gorge, ice ~(hydrol)[agrofor eng, geol]barrera
tapn de hielo, garganta de hielo
go-around manoeuvre[aer eng]maniobra de gothic wing[aer eng]ala gtica
motor y al aire grab(mach, mech)[indr eng]cuchara de gra
gob stink[min eng]olor del carbn en con mandbulas
combustin grab bucket(mach, mech)[indr eng]cucharn
go-devil(pet)[min eng]raspatubos, conejo de quijadas
gold cake(mineralog)[geol/min eng]oro grab sample[geol/min eng]muestra fortuita,
esponjoso muestra sin escoger
gold deposit[min eng]yacimiento aurfero grab, orange-peel ~[min eng]cangiln de
gold foil(mineralog)[geol/min eng]pan de oro gajos
gold sand(mineralog)[geol/min eng]oro en grabber[comp sci]capturador
pajuelas grade level(surv)[civil eng]rasante del suelo
gold specie(mineralog)[geol/min eng]oro gradient post(rwy)[civil eng]poste de cambio
amonedado de rasante
gold-leaf(mineralog)[geol/min eng]pan de oro grain, cruciform ~(mineralog)[geol]grano
gondola[aer eng]cabina o habitculo de un cruciforme
dirigible o globo de aire caliente grain, refined ~(metallur)[min eng]grano
good break(bill)[sport sci]buena suerte afinado
good ground[geol/min eng]roca competente, grained metal(metallur)[min eng]metal de
roca sana, terreno firme, rocas blandas en las grano fino
que una galera se puede avanzar sin soportes grained rock(petrolog)[geol]roca granuda
grain-refining effect(metallur)[min eng] efecto
de afino del grano
grand class passengers[aer eng]pasajeros en
gran clase
grand-daughter plant(botany)[agrofor eng]
hijuelo
grandfather rights[aer eng]derechos
adquiridos por un operador de lineas areas
regulares en un determinado aeropuerto
grandstand (to)(baseb)[sport sci]jugar para
impresionar a la tribuna
grandstand play(baseb)[sport sci]juego para
Glasswool. Photographer: Chimothy27. CC BY 2.5. impresionar
granite paper 342
flotante el aterrizaje
grid, positive ~[comp sci, telecom eng]rejilla ground failure[min eng]derrumbe
positiva ground gained(fenc)[sport sci]terreno ganado
grill (form)[arch]emparrillado ground looping[aer eng]capotaje, caballito
grind true (to)(metallotech)[indr eng] rectificar ground lost(fenc)[sport sci]terreno perdido
con la muela ground mass (matrix)[geol]pasta
grinding mill feeder scroll(metallur)[indr/ ground mat(electric)[elec eng]toma de tierra
min eng]carrusel, caracol, caja de caracol simple
grinding, abrasive belt ~(metallotech)[indr ground noise[telecom eng]ruido residual
eng]afilado por cinta abrasiva ground roll[aer eng]rotacin de aterrizaje
grip (to) (anchor)[naval eng]agarrar ground rules(baseb)[sport sci]reglas del juego
gripe (flight operations)[aer eng]avera en vuelo ground stability[geol/min eng]estabilidad de
griping ship(marit transp)[naval eng]buque macizo rocoso
ardiente ground support[min eng]sostenimiento,
gripping jaw(mech)mordaza de apriete fortificaciones
gripping pad(mech)mordaza de apriete ground water table(hydrogeol)[geol, ing
grizzly chute[min eng]chimenea con criba agrofor]capa fretica
grizzly tapper[min eng]cribonero ground-attack variant[aer eng]variante de
grizzly worked[min eng]operario de parrillas ataque al suelo
groin vault[arch]bveda de crucera, bveda groundhog[min eng]cochino
de arista grounding of the legs(athl)[sport sci] aterrizaje
groined vault[arch]bveda de arista group, trunk ~[telecom eng]grupo de enlace
groove[naval eng]mortaja grout (rocky ground)[civil/geol eng]inyeccin
groove and tongue (to) (woods)(constr)[arch, grout curtain(mining)[min eng]cortina de
naval eng] machihembrar inyecciones || (rocky ground)[civil/geol eng]
grooved drum(mach)[indr eng]tambor cortina de impermeabilizacin
acanalado grouting (rocky ground)[civil/geol eng]
grooved stud(mach, mech)esprrago inyeccin
acanalado grouting shoe(pet)[min eng]zapata de
grooving and tonguing (woods)(constr)[arch] cementacin
machihembrado grown iron(metallur)[min eng]hierro crecido
gross ceiling[aer eng]techo bruto growth(metallur)[min eng]germinacin
ground connection(electric)[elec eng]toma grub hoe(tools)[min eng]azadn, legn
de tierra grudge match(baseb, wrestl)[sport sci]ajuste
ground cushion[aer eng]efecto suelo durante de cuentas
Ground water table. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez. Grouting. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
guard 344
gutterbridge(highw)[civil eng]atarjea
guy(struct)[civil eng]viento (cable de puente)
gynoecium(botany)[agrofor eng]gineceo
346
H
H bar(metallur)[min eng]hierro doble T half-course[min eng]plano inclinado a 45
H iron(metallur)[min eng]hierro doble T half-header[min eng]semicabeceo
habit(crystallog)[geol/min eng]hbito half-pitch crossover(mech)ranura de
cristalino traspaso de media vuelta
habit, intrusive ~(petrolog)[geol]hbito hall, pouring ~(metallur)[min eng]nave de
intrusivo colada
habit, platy ~(mineralog)[geol/min eng] hbito halteres(entom)[agrofor eng]balancines
hojoso, hbito laminoso hammer[anat, sport sci]martillo (odo)
habit, starlike ~(mineralog)[geol/min eng] hammer head(atlh)[sport sci]cabeza de
hbito estrellado martillo
hack (to)[comp sci]piratear hammer pivot(shoot)[sport sci]eje del
hacker[comp sci]pirata informtico martillo
hackling machine[agrofor eng]mquina de hammer rod(shoot)[sport sci]vstago de
peinar martillo
hacky fracture(mineralog)[geol/ min eng] hand(constr, mining)[min eng]empleado ||
fractura astillosa (cards)(gam)[sport sci]mano
hair (stars)(astron)cabellera hand a haymaker (to)(box)[sport sci]asestar
hair crack(constr)[civil eng]grieta capilar || un poderoso golpe al oponente
(materials)[aer eng]fisura extremadamente fina hand feed[aer eng]alimentacin manual
|| (soldering)(metallur)[min eng]pelo hand flying[aer eng]vuelo manual
hair(fibre optics)[telecom eng]pelo hand labour[min eng]obra de mano trabajo
hairline crack(mech)grieta capilar manual
hairpin(constr, matr)[arch]horquilla hand lead[naval eng]sonda de mano chica
hairpin ramp layout[min eng]rampa de hand line(fish)[sport sci]lnea de mano
horquilla hand signal(constr)seal manual
half bat (bricks)(constr)[arch]medio pie hand starter(mech)manivela de arranque
half bloom (puddling)(metallur)[min eng] hand winch(mech)cabria de mano
zamarra hand, by ~[min eng]a brazo, a mano
half bridge(wrestl)[sport sci]medio puente hand, farm ~(agric)[agrofor eng]bracero
half lap(mach)[indr eng]segmento peinador hand, top ~[min eng]gambusino, perito
half moon[min eng]lavamanos semicircular handbook[engs]manual
half set[min eng]marco de un solo pie
347 hard-drawn copper
herringbones(meteor)cirrocmulos vaco
hiatal fabric(petrolog)[geol/min eng]textura high view point (geometry)(technical drawing)
hiatal [arch]proyeccin caballera
hiatal texture(mineralog)[geol/min eng] high voltage[telecom eng]alto voltaje
textura porosa high-angle dip(pet)[min eng]buzamiento de
hierarchy, data ~[comp sci]jerarqua de datos gran ngulo
high and dry, to be left ~(sail)[sport sci] estar highjack[aer eng]desvo de un avin, piratera
varado area
high arc shot(basketb)[sport sci]tiro highly-basic slag(metallur)[min eng]escoria
bombeado || (footb)[sport sci]tiro en campana hiperbsica
high baller[min eng]superhombre, ambicioso highly-enriched element(nucl phys])madre
high brass(metallur)[min eng]aleacin de (reactor nueclear)
cobre (65%) y zinc (35%) high-sea[naval eng]mar gruesa
high definition[comp sci, telecom eng]alta high-speed steel (HSS)(metallur)[min eng]
definicin acero rpido
high explosives(explos)[min eng]altos highway, molecular ~[biotech]autopista
explosivos, dinamitas molecular
high fidelity receiver[telecom eng]receptor high-wing airplane[aer eng]avin de ala alta
de alta fidelidad hi-hi-hi mission[aer eng]misin de
high frequencies[telecom eng]frecuencias penetracin alta, ataque alto, regreso alto
altas hijacking, aerial ~[aer eng]secuestro areo
high frequency band[telecom eng]banda de hi-lo-hi mission profile[aer eng]perfil de
alta frecuencia misin alto-bajo-alto
high ore(mineralog)[geol/ min eng]mineral de hindered settling[min eng]sedimentacin
alta ley, mineral rico retardada
high rise (building)(constr)[arch, civil eng] hindered-settling ratio[min eng]razn de
edificio de altura sedimentacin retardada
high shot(basketb)[sport sci]tiro bombeado hinge jaw(mech)mordaza articulada
high speed bus(electric)[elec eng]bus de alta hinge joint[anat, sport sci]articulacin bisagra
velocidad hinged-body car(transp)[min eng]vagoneta
high technology[telecom eng]tecnologa de volquete
punta hip (roofs)(constr)[arch, civil eng]faldn
high vacuum(food tech)[agrofor eng]alto hip roof[arch]cubierta a cuatro aguas
hipped end(constr)[arch]faldn corto
hipped roof(arch elem)faldn
hiss[telecom eng]silbido
historiated boss(ornament)[arch]clave
adornada
hit a snag (to)(sail)[sport sci]dar con un
obstculo
hit below the belt (to)(box, sport)[sport sci] dar
un golpe bajo, saltarse las reglas del juego justo
hit the bulls-eye (to)(archry)[sport sci]ser
totalmente preciso
Herringbone crevasses. Photographer: Walter Siegmund. CC BY hit the spot (to) (target)(shoot)[sport sci]dar en
2.5 el clavo
353 honey box
hit the wall (to)(athl, cycl)[sport sci]estar holding entry[aer eng]entrada a la espera
clavado || (racing)[sport sci] experimentar fatiga holding in the bridge(wrestl)[sport sci]
severa mantener el puente
hit your stride (to)(racing)[sport sci] encontrar holding level[aer eng]nivel de espera
el ritmo adecuado holding pad[aer eng]raqueta
hitch-kick(athl)[sport sci]salto de tijeras holding path[aer eng]trayectoria de espera
hit-on-the-fly printer[comp sci]impresora holding pattern[aer eng]espera
al vuelo holding point[aer eng]punto de espera
hockey puck (person)(ice hock)[sport sci] holding power (anchors)[naval eng]poder de
inepto, estpido agarre
hog on ice(curl)[sport sci]impotente, intil holding side[aer eng]lado de la espera
hog the ball (to)(footb)[sport sci] holding speed[aer eng]velocidad de espera
emborracharse holding stack[aer eng]columna de espera
hogback[geol/min eng]cresta isoclinal || [geol] hole cluster[agrofor eng]golpe
lomo hole deviation(mining, pet)[min eng]
hoisting cage(mining)[min eng]jaula de desviacin del pozo, desviacin de la perforacin
extraccin hole plug[min eng]tapaagujeros
hoisting eyes(mach)[naval eng]polea hole, black ~[comp sci]agujero negro
hoisting plant(mining)[min eng]maquinaria hole, hot ~(electric)[elec eng]hueco activo
de extraccin hole, pilot ~ (prospecting)[geol/min eng]pozo
hold[aer eng]bodega piloto, sondeo piloto
hold (to)[aer eng]hacer espera || [naval eng] hole, pouring ~(metallur)[min eng]agujero de
chupar || (anchors)(marit transp)[naval eng] colada
agarrar hole, pouring-in ~(metallur)[min eng]agujero
hold a barrage (to)(fenc)[sport sci]arrestar de alimentacin
hold position (to)[aer eng]mantener posicin hole, to be in the ~ (poker)(gam)[sport sci] estar
hold short of runway (to)[aer eng]esperar en en deuda
pista hole, well ~[min eng]boca de pozo
hold the line (to)(footb)[sport sci]resistir, hollow partition(constr)[arch]tabique sordo
defender hollow plunger pump[min eng]bomba de
hold, to break a ~(judo)[sport sci]escapar de pistn hueco
una presa hollow sea[naval eng]mar tendida, mar
hold, baggage ~(aviat)[aer eng]bodega de caba(da)
equipajes home(baseb, gam)casa
hold, to block a ~(judo)[sport sci]escapar de homestretch(sport)[sport sci]recta final
presa honey bird(zool)pjaro melfago
hold, escape from ~(wrestl)[sport sci]huida honey box(boilers) (installat)[indr eng]colector
de la presa de fangos
hold, to break a ~(judo)[sport sci]escapar de A A
I I
una presa HOLDING
R
L
R
L
AREA O
hold, to counter a ~(wrestl)[sport sci]parar
O
C C
K K
4 1
una presa A A
EQUIPMENT
ROOM
A
WORK
AREA
honey pot[min eng]orinal, inodoro porttil con capota, vuelo simulando condiciones de
honey-bag (bees)(zool)primer estmago visibilidad nula
honeycomb (aircraft)[aer eng]panal || hood, valve ~[aer eng]cubierta de vlvula
(smelting)(metallur)[indr/min eng]sopladura hood, warming ~[aer eng]cubierta para
honeycomb (to)(army, shoot)acribillar calentar el motor
honeycomb bag (ruminants stomach)(zool) hook(genet)[biotech]gancho
redecilla hook echo[aer eng]eco de radar
honeycomb coil(mach)bobina tipo panal hook pass(basketb)[sport sci]pase de gancho,
honeycomb ice(hydrol)[geog, geol]hielo gancho
desintegrado con cavidades hook shot(basketb)[sport sci]tiro de gancho
honeycomb metal construction(metalwk) hook, tail ~[aer eng], (mach)[indr eng]gancho
[indr eng]construccin metlica de panal de cola
honeycomb plate(struct)[civil eng]placa hook, to bait the ~ (strategy)(sport)[sport sci]
alveolar picar el anzuelo
honeycomb, aluminium ~(metallur, hook, to get off the ~(sport)[sport sci]salir del
minerallur)[indr/min eng]panal de aluminio atolladero
honeycombed(army, shoot)acribillado || hoot(transp)[indr eng]silbido
(matr)picado (can de fusil), venteada (madera) hop[aer eng]vuelo corto, salto, trayecto
honeycombed receptacle(botany)[agrofor eng] hop, jet ~[aer eng]vuelo corto de reactor
receptculo vesiculoso hop, single ~(electric, electro)[elec/telecom
honeycombing(army, shoot)picado || (matr) eng]salto nico || [comp sci, telecom eng]
[civil eng]hormign segregado || (metallur) trayecto nico
[indr/min eng]formacin de sopladuras || [min hop, test ~(aviat)[aer eng]vuelo de prueba
eng]trazado hopper(constr, mining)[min eng]tolva
honey-dew (plants)(botany)[agrofor eng]miel horizon(pet)[min eng]estrato || [geol/min eng]
exudada horizonte
honey-fungus(botany)[agrofor eng]agrico horizon, soil ~(soil sci)[agrofor eng]horizonte
melado del suelo
honeysuckle(ornament)[arch]antema y horizon, water ~[geol]manto de agua
palmeta horizontal(mining)[min eng]laboreo
hood[aer eng]capota de parabrisas || [geol/ horizontal
geogr]cabo || [naval eng]capacete || (struct)[civil horizontal branch(astron)rama horizontal
eng]cubierta horizontal drive(mining)[min eng]galera
hood (to) (chimneys)[min eng]encapuchar horizontal
hood flying[aer eng]vuelo a ciegas horizontal scanning[aer eng]barrida
hood insulator(electric, electro)[elec eng] horizontal
aislador de caperuza horizontal sweep[telecom eng]barrido
hood, chimney ~(arch elem)campana de horizontal
chimenea horn[aer eng]balancn
hood, cockpit ~[aer eng]capucha de cabina horn gap(electric)[elec eng]chispero de
hood, crosshead ~[min eng]cap de la cruceta cuernos
hood, IFR ~[aer eng]visera de entrenamiento horn-work(classic arch)[arch]bastion
instrumental horse(gam, gym)[sport sci]caballo con arcos
hood, panel ~[aer eng]panel de instrumentos || (metallur)[min eng]lobo || [geol]nervio ||
de la cabina de vuelo (veins)[min eng]inclusin estril
hood, under the ~(aviat)[aer eng]vuelo horse power(mech)[agrofor eng]caballaje,
355 hose whip
More easily understood is the link between tradesmen and horse apparel. Either consciously
or unconsciously, the carpenter, or stone mason named the specific parts of a cathedral
with metaphorical correlation with the horse dressing tools or and a part of this animal.
In architecture constructions, there are words such as saddle bar (baquetilla) (cathedrals),
saddle-back roof (tejado a dos aguas), saddle-bar (junquillo) (windows), roof saddle-stone
(hito), abutment back (cara de estribo), spur (espoln), spur-line (ramal corto), angle brace
(codo de andamio), stall (platea), belt course (hilada de amarre), horseshoe arch (arco de
herradura), tail (cola), comb (cepillo).
By extension, there is the metaphorical correlation between animals and architecture in the
following image metaphors: bulls eye (ojo de buey), dogtooth (ornament) (cabeza de pico),
ox-eye window (ventana de ojo de buey), ox-head (bucranio), butterfly roof (cubierta de
mariposa), wing (cathedral) (alero), zebra crossing (paso de cebra) etc. Classical old animals
such as ox, bull and dog are closed to cathedral art words whereas, butterfly, bird and zebra
are more contemporary words.
Paloma beda-Mansilla
I
I iron(metallur)[indr/min eng]hierro doble T identification friend-foe[aer eng]
ice belt(oceanogr)[naval eng]barra de hielo de identificacin amigo-enemigo
mar idle channel[telecom eng]canal en vaco
ice cap[geol]casquete glacial (o glaciar) idle current(electric)[elec eng]corriente
ice cover(meteor), [geol]capa de hielo enrgica
ice doubling (ships)[naval eng]chapa de idle speed[aer eng]velocidad mnima del
refuerzo del forro para choques con hielos motor
flotantes idle time (telephony)[telecom eng]tiempo de
ice foot (seaside)(oceanogr)[geol, naval eng] inocupacin
cinturn de hielos idle, speed ~[aer eng]velocidad mnima del
ice front(oceanogr)[geol, naval eng]frente del motor
glaciar idler(mach, mech)polea loca, rueda loca ||
ice glass(constr, matr)vidrio escarchado (mech)[civil eng]rodillo gua, rodillo soporte,
ice gorge(hydrol)[agrofor eng, geol]barrera de poln || (mech)[indr eng]engranaje secundario
hielo, garganta de hielo libre
ice guard (aircraft)(aviat)[aer eng]dispositivo idler frequency[telecom eng]frecuencia
antihielo complementaria
ice ingestion[aer eng]ingestin de hielo idler shaft(mech)[indr eng]eje loco
ice jam(hydrol)[agrofor eng, geol]barrera de
hielo, garganta de hielo
ice needles[aer eng]agujas de hielo
ice paper(indr)papel escarchado
ice plant(botany))[agrofor eng]escarchada
ice point(meteor)[aer eng]temperatura 0 C
ice pound[naval eng]paol del hielo
ice rampart (rivers)(hydrol)[agrofor eng, geol]
rampa de hielo
ice-belt[naval eng]zona reforzada de la
flotacin
ice-boat[naval eng]embarcacin de patines
ice-sheet(meteor), [geol]capa de hielo
ideal gas[chem]gas perfecto, gas ideal Ice sheet. Photographer: John Spooner. CC BY 2.5
359 in full cry, to be ~
J
jack[geol/min eng]dique || (arch)(struct)[civil jackrabbit start(sport)[sport sci]aceleracin
eng]arco adintelado repentina
jack body(mach)[indr eng]cuerpo del gato jack-up platform(pet)[min eng]plataforma
jack ladder (ships)[naval eng]escala de gato, autoelevadora
escala para prctico jack-up rig(pet)[min eng]equipo autoelevable
jack leg[min eng]poste extensible jagged(ornament)[arch]dentado
jack timber[min eng]cabio corto jam[comp sci]atasco
jack, casing ~(pet)[min eng]gato levantatubos jam, ice ~(hydrol)[agrofor eng, geol]barrera de
jack, rack~(mach, tools)[indr eng]gato hielo, garganta de hielo
jack, scissors ~(mach)gato de tijera jam, traffic ~(transp) [civil eng]estancamiento
jack, steel ~(mach, mining)[min eng]gato de jammed muscle(sport)[sport sci]agarrotado
acero jamming, intermediate frequency ~(electro)
jack, tension ~[min eng]gato tenso [telecom eng]perturbacin de frecuencias
jacket(mach, motor)[indr eng]camisa intermedias
calefactora || (mech, motor)[indr eng]chaqueta, jamming, passive ~(electro)[elec/telecom eng]
camisa, cubierta || (pet)[min eng]soporte || interferencia pasiva
(cylinders)(mach, motor)[indr eng] camisa jamming, selective ~(electro)[elec/telecom
exterior eng]interferencia selectiva
jacket platform(pet)[min eng]plataforma fija jamming, sweep ~(tv)[telecom eng]
metlica interferencia por barrido
jacket set[min eng]armadura rebajada de jaw chuck(mach, tools)mandril de garra
montaje completo jaw clutch(mech, motor)[indr eng]embrague
jacket wall(arch elem)camisa de fortificacin de mordazas
jacket water(mech, motor)[indr eng]agua de jaw coupler[min eng]enganche de garras
enfriamiento jaw dog(tools)(mach)perno de cojinete
jacket, water ~(mach)[indr eng]camisa de jaw switch(electron)[elec eng]conmutador de
refrigeracin mordaza
jacket-cooling(mach, motor)[indr eng] jaw ticket, open ~(aviat)[aer eng]pasaje
enfriamiento por camisa exterior emitido a un destino final, con regreso distinto al
jackhammer (prospecting)[geol/min eng] punto de partida inicial
trpano jaw trip, open ~(aviat)[aer eng]viaje en
jackleg drill[min eng]barrena drifter herradura
365 joint roughness
K
K truss(constr)[arch]cercha en K key factor[aer eng]factor clave
kamikaze plane[aer eng]avin kamikaze, key head(mech)[naval eng]cabeza de chaveta
avin suicida key horizon[geol]horizonte de comparacin
keel arch[arch]arco conopial key mortar(matr) [civil eng]mortero de agarre
keel knee (wooden vessel)[naval eng]curva coral key pulsing[comp sci]marcacin por teclas
keel moulding(ornament)[arch]moldura de key rock[geol/min eng]roca gua, roca
quilla de barco, gola determinante
keen (cold)(meteor)penetrante key seating(pet)[min eng]desarrollo de un ojo
keen wind(meteor)aire fro penetrante de cerradura
keep alive circuit(electron)[telecom eng] key terrain(army)terreno vital
circuito cebador key-block(arch elem)clave
keep alive electrode(electrotech)[telecom eng] keyboard controller[comp sci]controlador
electrodo de entretenimiento, electrodo cebador del teclado
keep alive oscillator(electron)[telecom eng] keyboard enhancer[comp sci]ampliador de
oscilador de entretenimiento teclado
keep the wind (to)(navig)[naval eng]navegar keyboard port[comp sci]puerto de teclado
de bolina keyhole escutcheon(arch elem)escudete de la
keep-alive arch(arch elem)arco de cerradura
entretenimiento key-brick(arch elem)clave
keeper(sport)[sport sci]buen ejemplar key-console(arch elem)clave base
keepership(forest)[agrofor eng]guardera key-course(arch elem)claves
kelly bushing(mach)buje del vstago
kern(constr)[arch]ncleo de muro o columna
kern butt[geol]escaln de falla
kettle[geol/min eng]marmita
kettle of fish(fish)[sport sci]buen lo
kettle-hole[geol]olla glaciar
kevel head(installat)[naval eng]barraganete
key(rwy)[civil eng]cua || [comp sci]tecla
key (to) (wheels)(mach)calzar
key bed[geol/min eng]capa gua
key click[comp sci]pulsacin de tecla Key. Photographer: Irina Argelles-lvarez. CC BY 2.5
369 knee-shaped twin
L
L network(electric)[elec eng]red en L lacing(cycl)[sport sci]horquillas de la carretera
labelled molecule(biochem)molcula con || (metallur)[min eng]costura || (struct)[civil eng]
trazador isotpico enrejado
labour[naval eng]cuchareo del buque lacing-course[arch]disposicin en hilera
labour a ship (to)(marit transp)[naval eng] lacustrine deposit[geol]depsito lacustre
cucharear el buque lacustrine terrace[geol]terraza lacustre
labyrinth(acoust)[telecom eng]laberinto ladder attenuator(electro)[telecom eng]
labyrinth baffle(acoust)[telecom eng]altavoz atenuador escalonado
de laberinto ladder brick(metallur)[min eng]ladrillo
labyrinth joint(mach)[indr eng]junta de refractario para cucharas
laberinto ladder filter(electro)[telecom eng]filtro en
labyrinth loudspeaker(acoust)[telecom eng] escalones
altavoz de laberinto ladder network(electro)[telecom eng]red en
labyrinth, acoustic ~[aer eng]laberinto escalera
acstico ladder tread (stair steps)(arch elem)huella
lace(cycl)[sport sci]horquillas de la carretera ladder-dredger(mach)[geol/min eng]draga de
lace paper(indr)papel de encaje rosario
lace tooth (saws)(mach, tools)[indr eng]diente ladderway[min eng]pozo de escalas
de lanza ladies quarters(mining, pet)[min eng]cuartel
laced windows[arch]ventana de cuarterones de damas
lacer(struct)[civil eng]cordn ladle (to)(metallur)[min eng]fundir con la
cuchara
Ls
ladle analysis(metallur)[min eng]anlisis en la
cuchara
RS ladle deoxidation(metallur)[min eng]
desoxidacin en la cuchara
Cp RL
ladle nozzle(mach)[min eng]buza de la
cuchara
lagged exhaust manifold(motor)[indr eng]
tubuladora de escape forrada
lagging electromagnet(electro, magn)[telecom
L network. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez eng]electroimn cojo
lagging piece 372
Body: face signal (mando del frente), finger raise (contracielo ramal), gland (casquillo de
manejar), hairline crack (grieta capilar), lifting nipple (niple elevador), leg wire (alambre
del detonador), breasting (labor de frente) cleavage (esquistosidad), cold nosing (ganguear),
pregnant solution (solucin madre).
Death: dead air (aire viciado), dead line (cable muerto), dead work (trabajo preparatorio),
dead-roast (tostacin parcial), dead oil (petrleo sin movilidad).
Joana Pierce-McMahon
377 lifting nipple
loop (to)(aviat)[aer eng]hacer un rizo loose rock[min eng]roca suelta, roca floja,
loop antenna[telecom eng]antena cerrada planchoneo, incohesiva
loop check[telecom eng]prueba en bucle loose shaft(mech)[indr eng]eje loco
loop circuit(electric)[elec eng]circuito de lop sea[naval eng]mar confusa
bucle lose your bearings (to)(sail)[sport sci]
loop climb(aviat)[aer eng]ascenso con rizo desorientarse
loop coupling[telecom eng]acoplamiento de lose your grip (to)(wrestl)[sport sci]perder el
bucle control
loop current(electric)[elec eng]corriente de lose your touch (to)(sport)[sport sci]perder
lazo habilidad
loop dialling(telephony)[telecom eng] loss angle(mach)[indr eng]ngulo muerto
marcacin en bucle loss of returns(pet)[min eng]prdida de
loop filter[telecom eng]filtro de bucle circulacin
loop gain[telecom eng]ganancia de bucle loss, load ~(electric)[elec eng]prdida de carga
loop mount[comp sci]montaje en bucle loss, scanning ~[telecom eng]prdida de
loop resistance(electric)[elec eng]resistencia exploracin
de bucle losser circuit(electro)[telecom eng]circuito
loop scavenge[telecom eng]barrido en bucle, disparador
barrido en U invertida lost circulation(pet)[min eng]prdida de
loop test[telecom eng]prueba en bucle circulacin
loop transfer function (control systems)[comp lost strata, range of ~[geol] hiato estratigrfico
sci]funcin de transferencia del bucle love game (no contest)(tennis)[sport sci]
loop winding(electric)[elec eng]devanado de puntuacin cero, sin competencia
lazo low blow(sport)[sport sci]golpe bajo, accin
loop, arrow ~(arch elem)troneras de derrame injusta
loop, closed ~[comp sci]bucle cerrado low ceiling[aer eng]techo bajo
loop, feedback ~[telecom eng]bucle de low frequency driver[telecom eng]
realimentacin transductor de baja frecuencia
loop, feedback control ~(electro)[elec eng] low frequency propagation[telecom eng]
bucle de control de realimentacin propagacin en baja frecuencia
loop, infinite ~(electric)[elec eng] bucle infinito low frequency signalling[telecom eng]
loop, open ~[comp sci]bucle abierto sealizacin de baja frecuencia
loop, subscriber ~[telecom eng]bucle de low level language (programming) [comp sci]
abonado lenguaje de bajo nivel
loop, voltage ~[aer eng]cresta de tensin low limb (faults)[geol]flanco inferior
looping(aviat)[aer eng]rizo low slump concrete(matr)[arch]hormign
looping mill(metallotech)[indr eng]tren de seco
alambre low steel(metallur)[min eng]acero suave
looping, ground ~[aer eng]capotaje, caballito low wall[geol/min eng]labio inferior
loopway[min eng]desviacin de bucle lower limb(archry)[sport sci]pala inferior
loose area[min eng]zona aflojada lower roll (rolling mill)(mach)[indr eng] cilindro
loose axle(mech)[indr eng]eje loco hembra
loose barrel (cannions)(armam)camisa suelta lowermast hound[naval eng]cuello de un
loose ground(forest)[agrofor eng]terreno palo macho
suelto || [geol/min eng]terreno suelto low-profile haul truck(mining)[min eng]
loose play(fenc)[sport sci]asalto volquete de bajo profil, dmper de bajo perfil
383 lying wall
M
M roof(constr)[arch]cubierta de doble magnetic energy[telecom eng]energa
caballete magntica
machine (body)(sport)[sport sci]mquina magnetic fishing tool(mining, pet)[min eng]
machine address (computers)[comp sci] herramienta de pesca magntica
direccin absoluta magnetic hammer break(electric)[elec eng]
machine feed[aer eng]alimentacin mecnica interruptor a martillo
machine gun nest (military aircraft) [aer eng] magnetic head[aer/telecom eng, comp sci]
nido de ametralladoras cabeza magntica
machine intelligence (military aircraft)[comp magnetic hum(magn)[phys]zumbido
sci]inteligencia de mquina magntico
machine learning[comp sci]aprendizaje de la magnetic leakage[aer eng]dispersin
mquina magntica
machine vision[comp sci]visin artificial magnetic path (operations)[aer eng]lnea de
mackerel sky(meteor)[aer/naval eng]cielo fuerza magntica
encrespado, cielo aborregado magnetic separation(metallur)[min eng]
magazine[min eng] polvorn || (hunt)[sport sci] separacin magntica
cartucho cebador magnetic shell(electric, magn)hoja magntica
magnesium rich alloy(metallur)[min eng] || [aer eng]cinturn magntico || [telecom eng]
aleacin rica en magnesio lmina magntica
magnet limb(mach)[indr eng]brazo del imn magnetic shield[aer eng]blindaje magntico,
|| [aer eng]brazo de electroimn pantalla magntica
magnetic ageing (steel)(metallur)[min eng] magnetic slope (operations)[aer eng]pendiente
envejecimiento magntico, maduracin magntica
magntica magnetic store[comp sci]almacn magntico
magnetic avalanche[phys]fuego magntico magnetic storm[aer eng]perturbacin
magnetic cell[telecom eng]celda magntica magntica
magnetic character[comp sci]carcter magnetic sweeper[aer eng]exploradora
magntico magntica
magnetic deflagration[phys]deflagracin magnetic track(operations)[aer eng]derrota
magntica magntica, ruta magntica
magnetic domain[phys]dominio magntico maiden field[geol/min eng]yacimiento virgen
magnetic drum[aer eng]tambor magntico maiden flight(aviat)[aer eng]vuelo inaugural
385 make the cut (to)
move out onto the wing (to)(sport)[sport sci] multideck sinking platform(mining)[min
abrirse por la banda eng]plataforma de profundizacin mltiple
moving head disk[comp sci]disco de cabeza multi-mesh network[telecom eng]red de
mvil anillos mltiples
moving sidewalk(arch elem)banda multipath effect[telecom eng]imagen eco
deslizante, cinta deslizante multipath propagation[telecom eng]
moving wave[telecom eng]onda migrante propagacin por caminos mltiples
muck out (to)(mining)[min eng]arrancar, multiple trip echo (radars)[aer eng]eco con
descombrar, desaterrar tiempo de recorrido superior al intervalo entre
mud-and-stud frame(constr)[arch]cubierta impulsos
de caizo multiple-deck cage(mining)[min eng]jaula de
mud-bank (rivers)[geol]banco de arena varios pisos
mud bit(mining)[min eng]trpano de aletas multiple-entry system(mining)[min eng]
mud box(pet)[min eng]piscina de lodos sistema de entradas mltiples
mud-cap blast(mining)[min eng]parche, multispan greenhouse(plant prod)[agrofor
cachorro eng]invernadero multicuerpo
mud capping(mining)[min eng]voladura con multispectral scanner[telecom eng]
adobe, voladura sin barreno analizador de barrido
mud engineer(pet)[min eng]lodista multitrack head[comp sci]cabeza multipista
mud filtrate(pet)[min eng]filtrado de lodo mummification[agrofor eng]momificacin
mud flush drilling(mining)[min eng] muscle definition (shape)(sport)[sport sci]
perforacin con inyeccin de lodo definicin del msculo
mud jack(pet)[min eng]inyector de barro, muscle spindle[anat, sport sci]huso muscular
inyector de lodo, gato de lodo muscle, involuntary ~[anat, sport sci] msculo
mud jacking(pet)[min eng]inyeccin de lodo, involuntario
inyeccin de barro muscle, jammed ~(sport)[sport sci] agarrotado
mud log(pet)[min eng]perfil de inyeccin muscular Gothic[arch]Gotico renacentista
mud man(pet)[min eng] lodista mushroom anchor[naval eng]ancla de hongo
mud pit(pet)[min eng]balsa de lodos mushroom head(mach)[naval eng]hongo ||
mud ring(pet)[min eng]colector de lodo (rivets) (mach, tools)cabeza redonda
mud rush(mining)[min eng]deslizamiento mushroom headed screw(mach)[naval eng]
mud seal(pet)[min eng]empaquetadura del tornillo con cabeza gota de sebo
lodo mushroom headed valve(motor)[indr eng]
mud weight(pet)[min eng]densidad del lodo vlvula de cabeza de seta
mudded steel(mining)[min eng]barreno mushroom insulator(electric)[elec eng]
bloqueado en taladro aislador de campana
mule (hydroplanes)[aer eng]carrillo de popa mushroom rock[geol]roca fungiforme
mule train(rwy, transp)[indr eng]tren a lomo mushroom valve(motor)[indr eng]vlvula
multibucket dredge(mach)[geol/min eng] tipo hongo
draga de rosario mushroom ventilator[naval eng]hongo de
multicrank shaft(mech, motor)cigeal de ventilacin
varios brazos muting(pet)[min eng]borrado
multideck cage(mining)[min eng]jaula de muting circuit(electro)[elec eng]circuito
varios pisos silenciador
multideck screen(mining)[min eng]criba de muting switch(electro)[elec eng]conmutador
varios tamices
395 muzzle ring
silenciador
muzzle bore sight(mach, tools)centrador de
boca
muzzle brake (gun)(shoot)[sport sci]freno de
boca
muzzle cylinder (cannions)(armam)cilindro
de boca
muzzle flip (gun)(shoot)[sport sci]salto de
can
muzzle ring(cannions)(armam)anillo de la
boca
396
N
nail, masonry ~(constr)[civil eng]clavo de elemento nativo
mampostera native ore(mineralog)[geol/min eng]mineral
nail, scarf ~(constr)[naval eng]clavo de nativo
escarpe natural bed (rocks)(petrolog)[geol]plano de
nail, soil ~(geotech)[civil eng]barra de anclaje estratificacin
nailhead(tools)cabeza de clavo natural enemy[agrofor eng]enemigo natural
nail-head(ornament)[arch]remache natural gas(pet)[min eng]gas natural
naked (ships)[naval eng]desnudo naturalized strain[agrofor eng]estirpe
naked bud[agrofor eng]yema desnuda integrada
naked DNA[biotech]ADN desnudo NAV warnings[aer eng]ejercicios areos
naked eye[phys]ojo desnudo navel[agrofor eng]ombligo
naked light[min eng]llama desnuda navigate (to)[comp sci]navegar
naked soil[agrofor eng]suelo desnudo navigating bridge[naval eng]puente de
naked strangle(judo)[sport sci]estrangulacin navegacin
naked surface(constr)[arch]superficie plana navigation[aer eng]navegacin || [comp sci]
nanny, net ~[comp sci]niera de la red navegacin
napkin-pattern(classic arch)pliegues navigation bar[comp sci]barra de navegacin
narrow back saw(tools)sierra de costilla navigation head(marit transp)[naval eng]
narrow body[aer eng]fuselaje estrecho punto de transbordo
narrow vein mining[min eng]explotacin de navigator[comp sci]navegador
vetas angostas neat line(constr)[arch], [min eng]lnea de la
native(mineralog)[geol/min eng]nativo estructura
native copper(mineralog)[geol/min eng]cobre nebula(mineralog)[geol/min eng]nube
nativo, cobre virgen neck(cano)[sport sci]manguito || [aer eng] boca
native element(mineralog)[geol/min eng] neck (to)(mech([indr eng]degollar
neck flange[naval eng]brida con cuello ||
(pipes)(installat)brida con cuello
neck of land[geog, geol]lengua de tierra
neck of the oar(raw)[sport sci]caa del remo
neck ring(mach)[indr eng]anillo de garganta
neck spring(gim)[sport sci]paloma de nuca
Narrow back saw. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez neck, blade ~(row)[sport sci]caa del remo
397 network distribution
nupcial
nut arbor (lathes)(mach)[indr eng]mandril
roscado
nut bolt(mach)[indr eng]perno de rosca
nut brace(tools)berbiqu para tuercas
nut coal[min eng]almendrilla
nut coke[min eng]coke en galletas
nut driver(constr)[civil eng]llave de tuercas
nut driver tool kit(tools)juego de llaves para
tuercas
nut eye(mach)[naval eng]ojillo roscado
nut mandrel(tools)mandril para tuercas
nut runner(mach)[indr eng]aprietatuercas
mecnico
nut setter(mach)[indr eng]aprietatuercas
mecnico
nut, thumb ~(installat)[indr/naval eng]tuerca
de aletas
nut, wing ~(constr, woodwk)palomilla
|| (mach, tools)tuerca de orejeta, tuerca de
mariposa, tuerca de palomilla
O
O network[comp sci]red en O que no da la composicin deseada
O ring[aer eng]junta trica off stride, to catch someone ~(racing)[sport
oblique fault[geol]falla oblicua sci]adelantar a alguien que ha perdido el ritmo
obscure cosmic cloud(astrophys)nube off the pace, to be ~(racing)[sport sci]quedar
csmica oscura atrasado en la carrera, perder el ritmo
obscure heat(astrophys)calor oscuro off the wall, to be ~(sport)[sport sci]realizar
obscure rays(astrophys)rayos invisibles una accin impredecible
obscured limits[aer eng]lmites imprecisos off your game, to play ~(sport)[sport sci]no
obscured thunderstorm(meteor)[aer eng] jugar al nivel de rendimiento habitual
tormenta oscurecida off-analysis heat (steel mills)(metallur)[min eng]
obstacle clearance[aer eng]trayecto libre de caldo que no da la composicin deseada
obstculos offensive action(fenc)[sport sci]accin
obstacle clearance limit[aer eng]lmite ofensiva
vertical sobre obstculos offensive air[aer eng]fuerza area ofensiva
occluded gases[min eng]gases ocluidos offensive game(badmin)[sport sci]juego
occult bleeding(hydrau)[civil eng]derrame ofensivo
oculto offensive play(sport)[sport sci]juego ofensivo
occupy (to)(topog)[topog eng]hacer estacin offensive player(badmin)[sport sci]jugador
occurence, insect ~(paleont)[geol/min eng] ofensivo
yacimiento de insectos offensive set(basketb)[sport sci]posicin
occurrence[geol/min eng]formacin, manto atacante
ocean station call sign(pet)[min eng] offensive tactics(volleyb)[sport sci]tctica
indicativo de estacin ocenica ofensiva
octopus[aer eng]amplificador de alta off-lap[geol/min eng]estratificacin regresiva
frecuencia off-line[min eng]desviado
off airway area[aer eng]espacio areo off-load route (OLR)[aer eng]ruta de alivio
navegable fuera de un pasillo areo off-relief valve(mech)[indr eng]vlvula de
off guard, to catch someone ~(sport)[sport desahogo
sci]sorprender offset(geophys)[geol/min eng]afloramiento
off guard, to take someone ~(fenc)[sport sci] || (surv)[civil eng]distancia de desvo nuclear ||
pillar a alguien desprevenido [geol/min eng]salto de falla
off heat (steel mills)(metallur)[min eng]caldo
403 on the roll
The concept of space, around which the phenomena of aeronautics are constructed, is not
an easy concept to be handled by the human mind. From a philosophical approach, space is
an abstract concept that may be considered as an entity itself. In science, however, physical
space can be defined as the boundless three-dimensional extent in which material things and
objects have a position and a direction, thus being a concrete but non sensory concept. Today,
although it is often conceived in three dimensions, modern physics considers it to be part of
a boundless four-dimensional continuum denominated space-time.
Human physical movement usually refers to movement on the ground and involves a
limited linear extent in two dimensions; however, this two dimensional linear approach
is not sufficient to explain the movements in the air. Airspace designs any specific three-
dimensional portion of the atmosphere, or more specifically, the portion of the atmosphere
controlled by a country above its territory. The behaviour of objects and things in both space
and water is determined by fluid mechanics. Although the term fluid includes both liquids
and gases, fluid is often only referred to liquids in common usage. This analogy explains part
of the use of nautical terminology in the language of aeronautics.
Metaphorical realizations are provided to illustrate that airspace is given the name of sky,
which can be open or close, such as open skies and closed skies (cielos abiertos, cielos cerrados).
Furthermore, it is also considered an object that can be penetrated, as in the examples: cleared
for penetration, intruder aircraft, non-threat intruder, hi-lo-hi mission profile, hi-hi-hi
mission profile, lo-lo-lo mission profile, entry gate, final approaching gate and airspace
intrusion. In Spanish, we find similar terms (autorizado para penetracin, avin intruso, avin
intruso no peligroso, misin de penetracin alta, ataque bajo y regreso alto, misin de penetracin alta,
ataque alto y regreso alto, misin de penetracin baja, ataque bajo y regreso bajo, acceso a ruta area,
sector aproximacin final, intrusin del espacio areo). Finally, in this conceptualization, airspace
has a ceiling and lateral limits, which are component parts of any interior space: ceiling,
emergency ceiling, absolute ceiling, service ceiling, zero ceiling, unlimited ceiling,
air border, airspace boundary; in Spanish techo, techo de emergencia, techo absoluto, techo de
servicio, techo cero, techo ilimitado, frontera area, and lmite de espacio areo.
Maria-Mar Robisco-Martn
open working 406
P
P boat[aer eng] hidroavin page(constr)[civil eng]cua de madera
P index[min eng] ndice de coquizacin page feed[comp sci]alimentacin de pgina
P waves (seisms)[geol]ondas de compresin page makeup[comp sci]organizacin de la
pace(constr)[arch]peldao, paso pgina
pacemaker (runner)(athl)[sport sci]liebre pain barrier[sport sci]barrera de dolor
pacesetter (runners)(racing)[sport sci]liebre pallet(mach, tools)[indr eng]lengeta
pack, power ~(electric)[elec eng]bloque de palm[naval eng]ua del ancla
alimentacin palm vaulting[arch]bveda de abanico
package(arch elem)envoltorio || [comp sci] pan(constr)[arch]matriz del muro || [agrofor
paquete eng]suela || (sea)(hydrogeol)[geol]pan de hielo
package, floating point ~[comp sci]rutina de pan conveyor[min eng]trasportador de
coma flotante bandejas
packaged program[comp sci]programa en pan for gold (to)[min eng]lavar con batea,
paquete cribar oro
packer[min eng]prensaestopas pan head(mech) [aer eng]tornillo tipo cabeza
packet (data)[comp sci]paquete gota de cebo
packet radio[telecom eng]radiotransmisin pancake[min eng]torta
de paquetes pancake landing[aer eng]aterrizaje en
packet sorting[comp sci]ordenamiento de desplome
paquetes pane wall(arch elem)antepecho
packing block[comp sci]bloque de pane, post and ~(constr)[arch]construccion
empaquetamiento en marco
packing density[comp sci]densidad de panel(arch elem, constr)[arch]pantalla || [min
almacenamiento eng]paquete
pad(constr)[arch]zapata || (ornament)[arch] panel hood[aer eng]panel de instrumentos de
almohadilla la cabina de vuelo
pad foundation (walls)(constr)[arch] panel mining[min eng]laboreo por cuarteles
cimentacin por zapatas panic button(electric)botn de emergencia
pad, gripping ~(mech)mordaza de apriete panning[min eng]lavado con batea
padded(ornament)[arch]acolchado pan-tile(constr)[arch]teja flamenca
paddle[comp sci]mando paper aircraft[aer eng]aeronave terica
paddock[arch]pequeo espacio verde anexo parachute[min eng]freno de seguridad
parachute canopy 410
Continuing with the metaphor <<ROCKS ARE HUMAN BEINGS>> presented earlier in this
dictionary, we may focus on the social aspects of the metaphor that derive from the humanizing
concept of rocks. A rock is generally defined as a hard mineral substance other than metal of
a small or moderate size, its prominent properties being hardness and size. Considering that
these properties are marked by the elements that make up the rock, meaning transposition
from human life to rocks on the basis of similarity of use, function or other aspects turns to
be highly metaphorical. The properties inherent to human beings as social entities clearly
contrast with rock properties. Nevertheless, geologists have drawn from human and animal
social traits to express concepts that refer to the world of rocks and minerals in relation to
communal and family aspects.
The terms related to communal aspects involved in the sub-metaphor <<ROCKS ARE SOCIAL
ENTITIES>> are population, community, community member, mineral association
member, assemblage, native rock, bedrock, host rock, to host, penetrative rock,
intrusive rock, intrusion, intruder, kindly ground, accompanying mineral, lurking
rock, farewell rock, and allied rock.
To illustrate this conceptual metaphor, let us analyse host rock, which refers to a rock
that contains other rocks or mineral deposits. Its meaning is opposed to the concept of
intrusion and intrusive rock, which have a two-fold meaning: the forcing of molten rock
into an earlier formation and the rock mass produced by an intrusive process. All of them
are based on similar human behaviour. Other illustrative cases are the lexical units dike
swarm, referring to a large group of more or less parallel dikes, and allied rocks, referring to
rocks belonging to related families, ranking between an order and a class, that represent the
opposite concept to intrusive rocks. There are no hard boundaries between allied rocks.
By increasing or decreasing in the proportions of their constituent minerals, allied rocks
might be transformed into one another, merging into a neighbouring rock or becoming a
different one. A similar process applied to rock formation is that of coupling, meaning the
union of two elements that produce new substances.
Other terms related to the concept of family may indeed be considered under this conceptual
metaphor, as they have a social component. Thus, parent(al) rock, parent material, parent
body, mother lode, matrix, mother rock, mother stone, daughter elements, twin
rocks, to twin, coupling, to descend, descendant, ancestral rock, and ancestor all
imply a social genealogical connection.
The social model encompasses concepts related to group and to individual social traits, all of
them included within this conceptual metaphor. Furthermore, terms associated to the social
model as allied rock vs intrusive rock generate a new sub-model of human behaviour
based on friendship and the acceptance or rejection of a new member in the group. Thus,
the concrete physical domain of rocks is conceptualized by means of more complex abstract
domains, including human social traits such as hostility (intrusive rock, intruder),
hospitality (host rock, farewell rock), and friendship (allied rock, kindly ground).
Pilar Durn-Escribano
passified metal 412
pinion, rack and ~(mach, mech)[indr eng] pipe rack(mining, pet)[min eng] guardatuberas
engranaje de cremallera pipe reticulation[min eng]red tubular
pinnacle (cathedrals)(arch element)pinculo pipe string(pet)[min eng]columna de tuberas
pinned in a corner, to be ~(box)[sport sci] pipe thread(installat, mech)rosca de tubera,
quedarse indefenso filete de tubo
pinned key (locks)(tools)llave de espiga pipe tongs(pet)[min eng]agarratubos,
pinned portal(constr)[arch]prtico articulado agarrador de tubo, tenazas para caera
pinning(cano)[sport sci]corbata pipe, full ~(hydrau)[civil eng]tubera forzada
pinpoint(constr)[arch]espiga pipe, sampling ~[geol/min eng]tubo de
pinwheel(mech)rueda de espigas muestreo
pioneer species(ecolog)[environ sci]especie pipe, sand ~[geol]bolsa de erosin
invasora || [agrofor eng]especie colonizadora, pipe, volcanic ~(vulcanol)[geol]diatrema
especie pionera pipelaying barge(pet)[min eng]barcaza para
pioneer tunnel(struct)[civil eng]tnel auxiliar tendido de tuberas
|| (mining)[min eng]galera auxiliar piracy, air ~[aer eng]secuestro de aviones,
pipe(hydrau)[civil eng]tubo, conducto || [geol] piratera area
formacin tubular pirate copy[comp sci]copia pirata
pipe collar[agrofor eng]collar pirate software[comp sci]programa pirateado
pipe coupling(pet)[min eng]cuello piston pin(mach)[naval eng]mun de pie de
pipe deck(pet)[min eng] plataforma de tuberas biela
pipe grip(pet)[min eng]mordaza para tubos piston crown(mach, mech)[indr eng]cabeza
pipe hanger(constr, mining)[min eng] de mbolo
portacao piston eye(mach)[naval eng]ojo del pistn
pipe hook(pet)[min eng]gancho aguantatubos piston head(mach, mech)[indr eng]cabeza de
pipe jack(pet)[min eng]gato alzatubos mbolo
pipe jacking(tunls)[civil eng]hincado de piston rod(mach)[indr eng]vstago del pistn
tubera piston skirt[aer eng]camisa del pistn
pipe jacking system(constr, tunls)[civil eng] piston slip(mach, mech)[indr eng]cabeceo del
sistema de ejecucin de tneles, barrenos, huecos pistn
pipe network(hydrau)[civil eng]red de pit against (to)(sport)[sport sci]medirse con
tuberas alguien
pipe pile(constr, geotech)[civil eng]pilote de pit cage[min eng] jaula de extraccin, chimenea
tubo, tubular pit eye[min eng]boca del pozo
pit-mouth[min eng]boca del pozo, bocamina
pit saw(mach, tools)[indr eng]sierra
abrazadera, sierra cabrilla
pit slope[min eng]talud natural
pit, mud ~(pet)[min eng]balsa de lodos
pitch(tools)paso de los dientes || (aircraft) [aer
eng]cabeceo || (fold)[geol]hundimiento || (roofs)
(constr)[arch, civil eng]faldn || (saws)(mach,
tools)[indr eng]ngulo de los dientes
pitch axis (aircraft)[aer eng]eje de cabeceo
pitch coal[geol/min eng]hulla piciforme
pitch cone(mach, mech)[indr eng]cono
Pipe hook. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez primitivo
pitch-faced stone 418
Pitch-faced stone. Photographer: Quinet. CC BY 2.5 Planetary gear. Dibujo: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
419 pocket, loading ~
pulsing, key ~[comp sci]marcacin por teclas pylon(struct) [civil eng]pila de puente
pump (to)(sail)[sport sci]bombear la vela pyramid[agrofor eng]pirmide
pump feed(mach)[indr eng]alimentacin por pyramid aerial[telecom eng]antena en
bomba pirmide
pump station[min eng]estacin de bombeo pyramid cut[min eng]corte piramidal,
pump, bicycle ~(cycl)[sport sci]bomba de aire franqueo en forma de cono
pumping(sail)[sport sci]abaniqueo pyramid, ecological ~(ecolog)[environ sci]
pumping rate[min eng]tasa de bombeo || (pet) pirmide ecolgica
[min eng]ritmo de agotamiento pyramid, food ~(nutr)[sport sci]pirmide de
pumpjack(pet)[min eng]bomba de balancn la alimentacin
pumpkin dome[arch]bveda gallonada pyramidal training(sport)[sport sci]
pun(matr) [civil eng]apisonar hormign entrenamiento en pirmide
punch(constr)[civil eng]perforadora de metal
punch lock[min eng]aparejo abrazador de
manguera
punched(ornament)[arch]punzn
punching(footb) [sport sci]despeje de puos
punching man(box)[sport sci]hombre saco
punch-out(footb)[sport sci]despeje de puos
pure iron(metallur)[min eng]hierro virgen,
hierro nativo
pure line(genet)[agrofor eng]lnea pura
pure stands[agrofor eng]bosques puros
purge (to)[civil/environ eng]sanear || (gases)
(mach)[naval eng]purgar
purification plant(pet)[min eng]instalacin
de depuracin
purification, data ~[comp sci]depuracin de
datos
purify (to)(hydrogeol[geol]defecar
purity (noble metals)(metallur)[min eng]pureza
purity, spectral ~[telecom eng]pureza
espectral
purple ore(mineralog)[geol/min eng] hematites
purr (engines)(mach)[indr eng]zumbido
pursuit(cycl)[sport sci]caza
push[min eng]impulsin de aire
push and tip shot(swim)[sport sci]tiro sueco
push knees(marit transp)[naval eng]
estructuras en el casco de un remolcador
push ventilation[min eng]ventilacin
soplante
pushbacks (open air)[min eng]expansiones
sucesivas
push-pull (ventilation)[min eng]impulsin,
succin
426
Q
quadrant arch(arch elem)arco de cuadrante quarry-face[geol/min eng]lecho de cantera
quadrantal heading(navig)[naval eng]rumbo quarry-head[geol/min eng]frente de la
al noreste o sureste, rumbo al sureste o noreste cantera
quadrantal spheres(navig)[naval eng] quarter knee (wooden ships)[naval eng]curva
correctores cuadrantales del escudo
quadripartite rib vault(arch elem)bveda de quarterback(rugby)[sport sci]estratega
nervios cuatripartita quarter-hard steel(metallur)[min eng]acero
qualitative character[biotech]carcter semisuave
cualitativo quartering sea[naval eng]mar de aleta
quality acceptance criteria[min eng]criterios quarters, ladies ~(mining, pet)[min eng]
de aceptacin de calidad cuartel de damas
quantitative character[biotech]carcter quartz blow[geol/min eng]afloramiento de
cuantitativo cuarzo
quantum entanglement[phys] quartz claim[min eng]pertenencia con filones
entrelazamiento cuntico de cuarzo
quantum jump[phys]salto cuntico queen bee[agrofor eng]abeja reina
quarantine[comp sci]cuarentena queen cell[agrofor eng]celdilla real
quarry(sport)[sport sci]presa queen closer(constr)[arch]ladrillo pichuln
Queen bee. Photographer: MSVG. CC BY 2.5 Queen cell. Photographer: Maja Dumat. CC BY 2.5
427 quirk round moulding
queen truss(struct) [civil eng]cercha trapecial queue, job ~[comp sci]cola de tareas
de tirante queueing time (on-line)[comp sci]tiempo de
quench ageing[chem]envejecimiento espera
por inmersin || (steel)(metallur)[min eng] queuing[telecom eng]cola
homogenizacin por enfriamiento brusco quick bed[min eng]estrato productivo
quench-ageing(metallur)[min eng] quick break(footb)[sport sci]escapada
envejecimiento por temple quick capital[econ]capital circulante
quench sensitive alloy(metallur)[min eng] quick ground[geol eng]terreno movedizo
aleacin sensible al enfriamiento brusco quick nut(mach, tools)[indr eng]tuerca de
quench tower(metallur)[min eng]torre de ajuste rpido
enfriamiento quick powder(explos)[min eng]plvora viva
quenched and aged(metallur)[min eng] quick speed steel(metallur)[min eng]acero
templado y madurado rpido
quench-hardened steel(metallur)[min eng] quick vein[min eng]filn productivo
acero templado quick-action cam(mach, mech)[indr eng]leva
quenching bath(metallur)[min eng]bao de de perfil brusco
temple quick-break fuse(electric)[elec eng]fusible de
quenching choke(mach)[indr eng]bobina de ruptura brusca
amortiguamiento quick-break switch(electric)[elec eng]
quenching tower(metallur)[min eng]torre de interruptor de ruptura brusca
enfriamiento quicklime[min eng]cal, cal viva
query window[comp sci]ventana de consulta quicksand(geotech)[civil eng]arenas
queue[comp sci]cola de espera || [telecom eng] movedizas
cola quiescent aerial[telecom eng] antena fantasma
queue discipline[comp sci]procedimiento de quiescent carrier (telephony)[telecom eng]
cola de espera portadora suprimida
queue management[comp sci]gestin de la quiescent circuit(electric)[elec eng]circuito
lista de espera inactivo
queue manager[comp sci]gestor de la lista de quiescent current(electric)[elec eng]corriente
espera de reposo
queue up (to)[aer eng]hacer cola quiet battery(electric, electron)[elec eng]
batera silenciosa
quiet channel[telecom eng]canal silencioso
quiet circuit(electric, electron)[elec eng]
circuito silencioso
quiet jet[aer eng]avin a reaccin silencioso
quiet lime(constr)cal magra
quiet seawater(hydrogeol)agua dormida
quiet water(hydrogeol)agua dormida
quiet waters(navig)[naval eng](sail)[sport sci]
aguas tranquilas
quill gear(mech)[indr eng]engranaje tubular
quill shaft[naval eng]eje de vaina
quirk(ornament)[arch]floritura
quirk round moulding[arch]moldura de
Queen truss. Photographer: Paloma beda Mansilla. CC BY 2.5 media caa
428
R
rabbit lights[aer eng]ltigo radar route[aer eng]ruta radar
race, tide ~(hydrogeol, oceanog)aguaje radar shadow[aer eng]sombra de radar
rack(mach, mech)[naval eng]cremallera radar silence[aer eng]silencio radrico
rack and pinion feed(mach, mech)[indr eng] radar-absorbent material[aer eng]material
alimentacin por pin y cremallera absorbente de radar
rack feed(mach, mech)[indr eng]avance por radial head(marit transp)[naval eng]puo de
cremallera escota reforzado
rack hob(mach)fresa matriz para cremallera radiation belt(astrophys)cinturn de
rack jack(mach, tools)gato radiacin
rack saw(mach, tools)sierra de dientes anchos radiation monitoring[min eng]
rack vice(mech)mordaza de cremallera monitorizacin de radiacin
racket blade(tennis)[sport sci]hoja de la radio choke coil(electron)[telecom eng] bobina
raqueta de choque
rack-wheel(mach)[naval eng]rueda dentada radio control[min eng]control remoto por
radar blanket[aer/telecom eng]zona de radio
barrido radio energy[telecom eng]energa
radar blind spot[aer eng]zona ciega del radar radioelctrica
radar cell[telecom eng]clula de radar radio frequency choke coil[telecom eng]
radar clutter[aer eng]seales radar parsitas bobina de choque
radar dish[aer eng]plato de radar radio link[telecom eng]radioenlace
radar fence[aer eng]barrera radrica radio network[telecom eng]red de emisoras
radar handoff[aer eng]transferencia de la radio noise field strength[telecom eng]
informacin de radar de un controlador a otro intensidad de campo del ruido radioelctrico
radar head[aer eng]emisor o receptor del radio noise suppression filter[telecom eng]
radar filtro antiparsitos
radar heading[aer eng]rumbo radar
radar homing[aer eng]deteccin y
seguimiento radar
radar intelligence[telecom eng]informacin
de radar
radar noise[aer eng]parsitos de radar Radio frequency choke coil. Photographer: Irina Argelles-
radar pulse[telecom eng]impulso de radar lvarez. CC BY 2.5
429 rattail file
Ring holes. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez. Ring spanner. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
437 rock blanket
S
(x)-sensitive element[chem]elemento saddle, anchorage ~ (bridges)(struct)[civil eng]
sensible a (x) silleta de anclaje
sack, tuyere ~(metallur)[min eng]manga saddle, boiler ~(mach)[indr/naval eng]cuna
sacklike structure[geol]estructura en de caldera
almohadilla saddleback[geol]lomo
sacrifice throw(kar, judo)[sport sci]derribo saddle-back roof[arch]tejado a dos aguas
de sacrificio saddle-bar (windows)[arch]junquillo
sacrificial layer (concrete)(matr)[civil eng]capa saddle-stone[arch]hito
de refuerzo safe life[aer eng]tolerancia estructural
sacrificial washer(metallur)[min eng] arandela safe-deposit[arch]arcn
sacrificatoria safety cable (mines)(electric, mining)[min eng]
saddle[geol], (struct)[civil eng]silla || (mountain) toma de tierra
[geol]garganta safety cage[min eng]jaula de seguridad
saddle bar (cathedrals)[arch]baquetilla safety fork(mech)[aer eng]horquilla de
saddle bracket(mech, mining)[min eng] frenado
montura, soporte de montaje safety glass(matr, indr)[arch, eng]cristal de
saddle hanger[min eng]silla colgante seguridad
saddle hub[indr eng]silla de campana safety jaw(mech)[indr eng]mordaza de
saddle jib (tower crane)(constr)[civil eng]gua seguridad
de martillo safety net(civil works, constr, mining)red de
seguridad, trampa colgante paracadas
safety post[min eng]poste de seguridad
sag[geol/min eng]asiento || (pet)[min eng]
pandeo
sag bend(pet)[min eng]curvatura de pandeo
sag bolt[min eng]perno de flexin
sag wagon(athl, cycl)[sport sci]coche escoba
sail close-hauled by the wind (to)(marit
transp)[naval eng]ceir
sail dome[arch]bveda vada, bveda de
pauelo
Saddle hanger. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez sail flying[aer eng]vuelo a vela
sail head gore 444
tendn de laminacin
sheathing[naval eng]vaina sheet, work ~[comp sci]hoja de trabajo
shed insulator(electric)[elec eng]aislador de sheet-annealing furnace(metallur)[indr/min
campana eng]horno para recocer chapa fina
shedding, load ~(electric)[elec eng]corte de sheeted granite(petrolog)[geol]granito hojoso
alimentacin sheetflood (rivers) (hydrogeol)[geol]inundacin
shed-roof[arch]techo a un agua de avenida
sheepsfoot roller(constr, mech)rodillo con sheet-glass(constr, matr)[arch]vidrio
patas de carnero || (constr)[civil eng]rodillo con laminado
pata de carnero sheeting[min eng]forrado de tablones ||
sheepshank(sail)[sport sci], (navig)[naval eng] (constr)[civil eng]lminas, placas, paneles
nudo margarita sheeting caps[min eng]cabezas de blindaje
sheepshank knot(constr)margarita sheeting rails(struct)[civil eng]largueros para
sheet(constr, matr)[arch]hoja || [geol]capa, el revestimiento
banco sheeting, open ~(constr)[civil eng]soporte de
sheet (to)[naval eng], (sail)[sport sci]cazar excavacin
sheet anchor[naval eng]ancla de la esperanza shelf[naval eng]durmiente
|| (vessels)(navig)[naval eng]ancla de respeto shelf life[aer eng]vida lmite de los
sheet beam(optics)[phys]haz laminar componentes
sheet erosion[geol]erosin laminar shell(arch elem)cscara || (raw)[sport sci]
sheet flow(hydrogr)[geol], (hydrau)[civil eng] casco || (struct)[civil eng]bveda, carcasa ||
escorrenta laminar [aer eng]carcasa, recubrimiento || [indr eng]
sheet home (to)[naval eng]cazar revestimiento || [phys]capa electrnica ||
sheet jointing(petrolog)[geol]separacin en (form)[arch]cascarn, concha
hojas shell (to)(nucl phys)bombardear
sheet joints(petrolog)[geol]diaclasas shell and core(constr)[civil eng]obra gris
horizontales shell bit(mach, tools)[indr eng]broca de
sheet lead(metallur)[min eng]plomo en cuchara
planchas shell grab(armam)mordaza cogeproyectiles
sheet pile(geotech)[civil eng]pilote de shell mould (to)(metallotech)[indr
tablestacas eng]moldear en cscara
sheet structure(petrolog)[geol]estructura en shell neck(shoot)[sport sci]cuello de la vaina
capas, estructura laminar shell structure(constr)[arch]estructura de
sheet vein[geol/min eng]filn-capa cscara || (concrete) (constr)[arch, civil eng]
sheet water(hydrogr)[geol]agua de capas estructura laminar
sheet, asbestos ~(indr, building)[indr eng]hoja shell transformer[telecom eng] transformador
de amianto blindado
sheet, extrusive ~(vulcanol)[geol]capa de lava shell, auger-nose ~ (boring) (geotech)[civil/
sheet, falling ~ (dams)(hydrau)[civil eng] lmina geol/min eng]trpano de cuchara
vertiente shell, iron ~(metallur)[indr/min eng]envuelto
sheet, glass ~(constr, indr)hoja de vidrio de chapa
sheet, igneous rock ~[geol]capa eruptiva, shell, magnetic ~[aer eng]cinturn magntico
capa volcnica || [telecom eng]lmina magntica || (electric,
sheet, intrusive ~[geol]manto intrusivo magn)hoja magntica
sheet, load ~[aer eng]hoja de carga shell, reinforced ~[aer eng]fuselaje reforzado
sheet, mill ~(metallur)[min eng]hoja historial shell, wing~[aer eng]revestimiento del ala
shelter 452
shelter(sail)[sport sci], [naval eng], (plant prod) shoe, bearing ~(constr)[civil eng], (mech)[indr
[agrofor eng]abrigo eng]zapata de apoyo || [naval eng]rin || (mine
shelter belt[agrofor eng]cortina forestal cages)[min eng]zapata
shelter deck[naval eng]cubierta de abrigo shoe, brake ~(farm mach)[agrofor eng] zapata ||
shelter, rock ~(petrolog)[geol]roca [aer eng/indr]zapata de freno
descolgada, roca en voladizo shoe, casing ~ (wells)(hydrau)[civil/min eng]
shelter, to take ~(cycls)[sport sci]pegarse a la zapata de revestimiento
rueda shoe, cementing ~ (wells)(constr)[civil eng]
shepherding(footb)[sport sci]repliegue zapata de cementacin || (wells)[geol/min eng]
shield(tunls)[civil eng]cilindro protector || zapata de cementacin
[min eng], (sport)[sport sci]escudo shoe, coupling ~(geotech)[civil eng], (mach)
shield volcano(vulcanol)[geol]volcn en (de) [indr eng]zapata de acoplamiento
escudo shoe, drive ~ (drilling) [civil/geol/min eng]
shield, air ~(aviat)[aer eng]abrigo antiareo zapata cortante, zapata encajadora, zapata
shield, magnetic ~[aer eng]blindaje propulsora
magntico, pantalla magntica shoe, grouting ~(pet)[min eng]zapata de
shield, open-face ~(mach, tunls) [civil eng] cementacin
tuneladora de frente abierto shoe, guide ~(hydrau)[civil eng]zapata gua ||
shielded cable(electro)[elec/telecom eng]cable (oil wells) [min eng]zapata gua
armado shoe, pile ~(struct)[civil eng]azuche
shielding (aircraft)[aer eng]refuerzo de zonas shoe, setting ~(constr)[civil eng], (mach, mech)
shift fault[geol]falla de rechazo horizontal [indr eng]zapata de apoyo
shift work(adm, indr)[eng]trabajo por turnos shoe, spudding ~(pet)[min eng]corredera
shifter[min eng]jefe de turno shoe, thrust ~[naval eng]rin
shifters wicket[min eng]mostrador shoes, cage ~[min eng]zapatas de la jaula
shin(rwy)[civil eng]placa de junta shoestrings(mineralog)[geol/min eng]
ship[aer eng]nave yacimiento lenticular
ship, rocket ~(astronaut)[aer eng]avin de shoofly[min eng]declive
propulsin cohtica shoot (to)(footb)[sport sci]fusilar, rematar ||
shipper shaft(mach)[geol/min eng]eje en el (pet)[min eng]torpedear
brazo del cucharn shoot a bad basketball shot (to)(basketb)[sport
shock bump[geol/min eng]zumbido de sci]hacer un pincho de merluza
desmoronamiento de rocas shoot a goal (to)(footb)[sport sci]rematar un
shock cloud[aer eng]nube de choque gol
shock excitation(electric)[elec eng]excitacin shoot at goal (to)(footb)[sport sci]rematar a
por choque puerta
shock tunnel[aer eng]tnel aerodinmico shoot baskets(basketb)[sport sci] entrada y
shock wave[phys]onda dinmica, onda de tiro en bandeja
choque shoot the sun (to)[naval eng]tomar la altura
shock, electric ~(electric)[elec eng]sacudida meridiana
elctrica shoot to the basket (to)(basketb)[sport sci]
shoe(constr)[civil eng]calzo del pilote || [aer entrar a canasta
eng]neumtico del dispositivo anticongelante shooter(sport)[sport sci]tirador
|| [arch]codo final de bajante || [min eng] shooting eye(sport)[sport sci]ojo de tiro
abrazadera, zapata || (scaffolds)[arch]pie shooting foot(basketb)[sport sci]pie de tiro,
shoe anchor(arch elem)anclaje de zapatas
453 shot at the goal
Ships, cars and women are containers that carry a load in themselves and finally deliver it.
Also ships and mothers secure the life of the load. The load is viewed as something precious.
Silvia Molina-Plaza
Soil consists of the upper layers of unconsolidated rock material and decaying organic matter
on the surface of the earth. It contains a great number of organisms below its surface, such
as bacteria, fungi, insects and worms, which play a role in soil formation. In spite of soil not
being a living organism properly, we can talk of soil fertility, which refers to its nutrient
supplying properties which enhance plant growth. But fertility is not the only metaphorical
soil property concerning life. We can also talk about soil age. Age is defined as the lifetime,
the period of existence, or the time that any person, animal or vegetable has lived. However, it
is also metaphorically applied to soils. Soil age can be observed in its profile or cross-section.
The cross-section of soil is composed of horizons or layers that contain soils of different
ages and composition. Although the age or the life of soil cannot be exactly measured, it
can be more or less established by the amount of weathering that it has been exposed to,
or by determining to what extent the parent material from which it originated has been
converted to horizons. Thus, older soils present more and thicker horizons, as well as
being more different from each other, than younger soils. For soils, as for persons, there are
also ways to determine their lifetime in terms of maturity. Accordingly, soils are classified
into mature soils, immature soils, young soils and old soils.
Metaphorical and metonymic terms involved in soil description: soil age (edad del suelo),
soil fertility (fertilidad del suelo), soil horizons (horizontes del suelo), soil profile (perfil del
suelo), mature soils (suelos maduros), immature soils (suelos inmaduros), young soils (suelos
juveniles), and soil skeleton (esqueleto del suelo), which refers to the physical structure of
mineral soils.
Georgina Cuadrado-Esclapez
Sound absorption. Photographer: Irina Argelles-lvarez. CC Sound energy. Photographer: Irina Argelles-lvarez. CC BY
BY 2.5 2.5
463 split second
T
T beam(struct)[arch, civil eng]viga en T table, wear ~(motor)[indr eng]tabla de
T bulb(metallur)[indr/min eng]hierro en T desgaste
con nervio tablestone(constr)[arch]dolmen
T joint(struct)[civil eng]unin en T tabling[naval eng]vaina
T junction(electric)[elec eng]unin en T tack[naval eng]cuello de vela, puo bajo
T network(electric)[elec eng]red en T tactic aspects(sport)[sport sci]aspectos
T pad[telecom eng]atenuador en T tcticos
T-weld(metallotech)[indr eng]soldadura en T tag out[aer eng]bloqueado, frenado, asegurado
table[comp sci]tabla de datos || [arch](classic tagboard[min eng]tabln de etiquetas
arch)friso tabulado tagged molecule(biochem)molcula marcada
table, glacier ~[geol]mesa glaciar tags[min eng]bronces
table, ground water ~(hydrogeol)[geol, ing tail(space)[arch]cola || (aircraft)[aer eng]cola
agrofor]capa fretica || (comet)(astron)cola || (radar pulses)[telecom
table, shaking ~(struct)[civil eng]artesa de eng]cola
sacudidas tails(metallur)[min eng]colas
table, water ~(arch elem)retallo de derrame tail boom[aer eng]larguero de cola, puro de
|| (hydrogeol)[geol]nivel hidrosttico, nivel cola
fretico || [min eng]atracado con agua tail chute[aer eng]paracadas de cola,
(barrenos), tabla de agua || [environ sci]napa paracadas de frenado
fretica || [agrofor eng]capa fretica, nivel tail cone(aircraft)[aer eng]cono de llamas de
fretico la cola, cono de cola, rabadilla
T junction. Photographer: Irina Argelles-lvarez. CC BY 2.5 Tail. Photographer: Irina Argelles-lvarez. CC BY 2.5
tail end shaft 476
take the sun (to)[naval eng]tomar la altura target, to acquire the ~[aer eng]captar el
meridiana blanco
take-up pulley(pet)[min eng]polea de taxi shoulder[aer eng]margen lateral de calle
gravedad de rodaje
taken across the board(games)[sport sci] taxiway(constr)[civil eng]pista de carreteo
valorado por igual taxiway, live ~[aer eng]calle de rodaje en uso
tamp (to)(plant prod)[agrofor eng]atacar team captain(sport)[sport sci]capitn de
tandem(electro)[elec/telecom eng]cascada equipo
tandem cold mill(metallotech)[indr eng]tren tear(enolog) [agrofor eng]lgrima
continuo para laminar en fro tear (to)[naval eng]degollar
tandem connection(electro)[elec/telecom eng] tear fault[geol]falla rasgada
conexin en cascada tear gas[chem]gas lacrimgeno
tandem network[comp sci]red en cascada tear wine(enolog)[agrofor eng]lloro del vino
tangential feeding[aer eng]avance tangencial tears, hot ~(metallur)[min eng]lgrimas de
tangled sea[naval eng]mar confusa acero
tank car(rwy)[indr eng]vagn cuba technical knockout(box)[sport sci]
tank farm[aer eng]zona de las instalaciones eliminacin tcnica
aeroportuarias para los tanques de combustible || tee(metallur)[min eng]hierro en T
(pet)[min eng]patio de tanques tee bulb bar(metallur)[min eng]hierro en T
tank house(metallur)[min eng]nave de con bulbo
electro-obtencin tee joint(installat)unin en T
tank-side knee[naval eng]cartabn de pie de tee tail (aircraft)[aer eng]empenaje en T
cuaderna teeth(mach, mech)[indr eng]dentadura,
tank, spiral flow ~[environ/civil eng] dientes interrumpidos || (mech)dentado
homogeneizador de residuos teeth, digger ~(mach)[geol/min eng]diente
tanker aircraft[aer eng]avin nodriza, avin para cuchara excavadora
cisterna teeth, excavating equipment ~(mach)[indr
tanker, jet ~[aer eng]avin cisterna a eng]dientes para equipos excavadores
reaccin, avin nodriza a reaccin teeth, nicked ~(mach, mech)[indr eng]dientes
tanking system(constr)[civil eng]sistema de con ranuras
cimientos impermeabilizados teethed drum(mach)[indr eng]tambor
tape head[comp sci]cabeza lectora dentado
tape leader(mach)[indr eng]cinta gua telecom net[telecom eng]red de
tapping(tools)(mach)roscadura con macho telecomunicaciones
target(archry)[sport sci]blanco telecommunication network[telecom eng]
target acquisition[aer eng]adquisicin de red de telecomunicaciones
blancos, deteccin de blancos telecommunication system[telecom eng]red
target chamber (radioactivity)(nucl phys) de telecomunicaciones
cmara de bombardeo telecommunication traffic[telecom eng]
target echo[phys]eco de blanco trfico de telecomunicaciones
target loss[aer eng]prdida de blancos telltale(mech)[min eng]indicador
target recognition[aer eng]reconocimiento telltale hole(mining)[min eng]agujero testigo
de blancos temper(agroalim)[agrofor eng]cal de
target sleeve(aviat)[aer eng]manga remolcada defecacin
como blanco temper screw (boring) [geol/min eng]cabeza
target towing[aer eng]remolque de blancos de sonda
temperature sensitivity 478
machihembrar dentellado
tonguing, grooving and ~ (woods)(constr) toothed gearing(mach, mech)[aer eng]tren de
[arch]machihembrado engranajes
tool bit(mach, tools)[indr eng]vstago de toothed ring armature(electric)[naval eng]
herramienta inducido dentado
tool crib(constr, mining, pet)[min eng] toothed wheel(mach, mech)[naval eng]rueda
despensa, paol para herramientas dentada
tool feed(mach, tools)[indr eng]avance de toothing mill(mach, tools)fresa de piones
herramienta toothing-stone(constr)[arch]espign
tool wagon(rwy)[indr eng]vagn taller top dead centre (engines) [aer eng]punto
tool lifetime(tools)[aer eng]duracin de la muerto superior
herramienta top hand[min eng]gambusino, perito
tooth(cycls)[sport sci], (arch elem, form) top heading[min eng]galera de avance
[arch]diente || (mech)[naval eng]diente angular superior
tooth (to)(mach, mech)[indr eng]endentar top hole (wells)[min eng]boca
tooth caliper(mach)[indr eng]calibre para top ring (pistons)(mach, mech)[indr eng]aro de
dientes de engranaje fuego
tooth clutch(mech)garra de embrague top sliding(mining)[min eng]laboreo
tooth tap, interrupted ~(mach)[indr eng] topology, ring ~[comp sci, telecom eng]
macho de roscar de dentadura interrumpida topologa en anillo
tooth, champion ~ (saw)(mach)[indr eng] topology, tree ~[comp sci, telecom eng]
diente doble topologa en rbol
tooth, clutch ~(mach)[indr eng]diente de torpedo(pet)[min eng], (swim)[sport sci]
embrague torpedo, bomba
tooth, gullet ~(mach)[indr eng]diente de lobo torpedo burst(constr)[civil eng]martillo de
tooth, harrow ~[agrofor eng]diente de grada agua
tooth, involute ~(mech)[indr eng]diente de torture chamber (engines)[aer eng]cmara de
perfil de evolvente de crculo pruebas
tooth, lace ~(mach, tools)[indr eng]diente de torture tested (engines)[aer eng]probado en
lanza condiciones extremas
tooth, lance ~ (saw) (mach, tools)[indr eng] total stress(geotech)[civil eng]esfuerzo
diente de lanza externo
tooth, lightning ~(mach, tools)[indr eng]
diente en M
tooth, long-addendum ~ (gear) (mach, mech)
[indr eng]diente saliente || (gear) (mach)[indr
eng]diente saliente
tooth, mill ~(mach, mech)[indr eng]diente
triangular || (saw)(mech, tools)diente triangular
tooth, roughing ~(mach, mech)[indr eng]
diente de desbaste
tooth, waisted ~(mach, mech)[indr eng] diente
entallado
tooth, width of ~(mach, mech)anchura del
diente || (mech, tools)anchura del diente
toothed(mach, tools)[indr eng]serrado, Toothed wheel. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez.
touch-and-go landing 484
traffic flow[comp sci, aer/telecom eng] traffic, air ~[aer eng]circulacin area, trfico
volumen de trfico, flujo de trnsito areo
traffic jam(transp) [civil eng]estancamiento traffic, heavy ~[aer eng]trfico denso, trfico
traffic load[telecom eng]capacidad de trfico intenso
traffic log(telephony)[telecom eng]registro de traffic, inbound ~[aer eng]trfico de entrada
trfico traffic, incoming trunk ~[telecom eng] trfico
traffic register(telephony)[telecom eng] externo de llegada
registro de trfico traffic, internet ~[comp sci]trfico entre
traffic saturation[aer eng]saturacin de redes
trfico, separacin de trfico traffic, telecommunication ~[telecom eng]
traffic volume[telecom eng]volumen de trfico de telecomunicaciones
trfico traffic, terminal ~(telephony)[comp sci,
traffic, to reroute the ~[telecom eng] telecom eng]trfico terminal
reencaminar
traffic, transferred ~ 486
twinned electrodes(electric)(electrotech)[elec
eng]electrodos gemelos
twinning(metallogr)germinacin
twinning plane(crystallog)[geol/min eng]
plano de maclacin
twins(arch elem)gemelos
twist (propellers)[aer eng]paso de la hlice
twist spin(swim)[sport sci]giro tornillo
twist, aerodynamic ~[aer eng]torsin
aerodinmica
twisted wing (aircraft)[aer eng]ala con
curvatura
twisting moment[aer eng]momento de
torsin
two-decker cage(mining)[min eng]jaula de
dos pisos
two-hinged tied arch[arch]arco atirantado de
dos articulaciones
two-lipped cutter(mech)fresa de dos labios
two-point landing (feet)(gym)[sport sci]
completar un ejercicio gimnstico aterrizando
sobre dos puntos
twofold screw axis(crystallog)[geol/min eng]
eje binario helicoidal
tyre footprint[aer eng]superficie de contacto
del neumtico del tren de aterrizaje con la pista
tyre, smooth ~[aer eng]neumtico liso
490
U
U bar(metallotech)[indr eng]hierro en U umbrella aerial[telecom eng]antena en
U beam(struct)[civil eng]viga en artesa paraguas
U-bent pipe(installat, constr)[arch]tubera en umbrella cover(aviat)[aer eng]proteccin
U area
U engine(motor)[indr eng]motor en U umbrella dome[arch]bveda gallonada
U plug(sound)[telecom eng]clavija en U umbrella effect(petrolog)[geol]efecto
ultimate moment(struct) [civil eng]momento paraguas
ltimo umbrella jump(gym)[sport sci]salto del
ultimate pit[min eng]pit final paraguas
ultimate strength(struct) [civil eng] resistencia umbrella wing (aircraft)[aer eng]ala en
ltima parasol
ultimate stress(struct) [civil eng]lmite de umbrella, air ~[aer eng]proteccin area
rotura umpire[min eng]ensayo de arbitraje
ultralight aircraft[aer eng]avin ultraligero umpire assay[min eng]ensayo de arbitraje,
ultralight helicopter[aer eng]helicptero prueba por rbitro
ultraligero unbalanced hole[min eng]barreno
ultrasonic beam[phys]haz de ultrasonidos desequilibrado
umbilical cord (systems)[aer eng]cable unbroken water(navig)[naval eng]mar sin
umbilical rompientes, mar tendida
umbrella(form)[arch]sombrilla || (aviat) unbundling(pet)[min eng]desegregacin
[aer eng]formacin de aviones para ofrecer uncline shaft[min eng]plano inclinado
proteccin uncombined carbon[chem]carbono libre
U beam. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez U plug. Photographer: Irina Argelles-lvarez. CC BY 2.5
491 unkilled steel
V
V beam[telecom eng]haz en V cabeza de vlvula
V-connected(electro)[telecom eng]conectado valve hood[aer eng]cubierta de vlvula
en V valve housing[aer eng]alojamiento de vlvula
V connection[telecom eng]conexin en V valve line[aer eng]cable de vlvula
V-cut[min eng]corte de cua, cuele en cua valve nest[naval eng]piano de vlvulas
V engine(motor)[indr eng]motor en V valve petticoat(mech)[aer eng]fuelle de
V formation[aer eng]formacin en V proteccin de la vlvula
V screen[comp sci]pantalla en V valve seat (powerplant)(mach, motor)[indr eng]
V-shape[anat][sport sci]tipo en V asiento de la vlvula
vacancies, anionic ~(matr)[indr eng]lagunas valve sleeve[aer eng]manguito de vlvula
aninicas valve spindle(mach, tools)vstago de vlvula
vacancies, cationic ~(matr)[indr eng]lagunas valve stem(mach, motor)vstago de vlvula
catinicas valve travel(mech)[aer eng]recorrido de la
vacancy(metallogr)laguna reticular vlvula
vacuum arc(electro)[telecom eng]arco en el van[min eng]ensayo en cubo, pala de cubo
vaco vane[arch]valeta
vacuum chamber[phys, indr eng]cmara de vanilla aircraft[aer eng]aeronave
vaco personalizada
vacuum concrete(matr)[civil eng]hormign vanishing point(drawing)[arch]fuga
deshidratado vapour barrier(constr)[arch]pelcula
vacuum feed tank[aer eng]depsito aspirador impermeable al flujo de vapor
de gasolina vapour path (aircraft)[aer eng]estela de
vacuum fuel feed[aer eng]alimentacin del condensacin
combustible por vaco variable pitch[aer eng]paso variable
value of rest and recovery(sport)[sport sci] variable sweep[aer eng]flecha variable
valor en reposo variable sweep wing[aer eng]ala de
valve chest(pet)[min eng]caja de distribucin geometra variable
valve face (powerplant)[aer eng]cara de apoyo variable-pitch vent fan[min eng]ventilador
de vlvula con labe de paso variable
valve follower (systems)[aer eng]seguidor de vascular bundle(botany)[agrofor eng]haz
vlvula vascular
valve head (powerplant)(mach, motor)[indr eng]
vascular system 494
A number of different terms to describe plant internal structure and plant functions are
explained and designated under the human perspective. Thus, the human tendency to find
an analogy between natural phenomena and their own phenomena is clearly manifested
in the metaphor <<PLANTS ARE HUMAN BEINGS>>, and the sub-mappings <<PLANT
ANATOMY IS HUMAN ANATOMY>> and <<PLANT PHYSIOLOGY IS HUMAN
PHYSIOLOGY>>. These analogies can be based on shape and form (image metaphors), and/
or functions of the human body.
Some of the metaphorical terms included in this conceptual metaphor are heart (cogollo)
(image metaphor based on centrality, and not on importance or relevance), eye (ojo), axil
(axila), root hairs (pelos radiculares), which are very small roots that do most of the water and
nutrient absorption, and also rib and neck (all of them based on shape and form) give evidence
for image metaphors with an imaginative basis. Some other metaphors are based on their
functions. Thus, the epidermis is a layer of cells that cover all primary tissue of plants leaves,
roots and young parts. Finally, the polysemic word head, as a verb means to cut off part of
a shoot or limb rather than removing it completely at a branch point; and as a noun, head
designs the part of a tree from which the main scaffold limbs originate.
Other metaphors used for parts and organs of a plant that are related to the human body
functions are: veins (venas), which are defined as the externally visible vascular bundles
found on leafs, petals and other parts of the plant. The arrangement of veins in a leaf is
called venation (related to the circulatory function). The ovary is the part of a flower
containing ovules that will develop into seeds after fertilization (related to the reproductive
function). Other metaphors based on body functions are included in the following two
processes: respiration, that is the process of converting sugars and starches into energy, and
transpiration, which designates the process of losing water in the form of vapour through
stomata.
Georgina Cuadrado-Esclapez
vibrating feeder 496
VOLTAGE LOOP
VOLTAGE LOOP
Current node
Current node
VOLTAGE LOOP
W
W-beam(struct)[civil eng]perfil bionda walking beam[aer eng]pedaln, pedal de
W engine(motor)[indr eng]motor en W apoyo || [mech eng]balancn
wafer(electro)[elec/telecom eng]chip || walking beam pump(mach, mech)bomba de
(metallur)[min eng]galleta balancn || (pet)[min eng]mquina balancn de
wafer level switch(electro)[elec/ bombeo, balancn
telecom eng]conmutador de sectores de walking tractor(mach, mech)mulilla
acondicionamiento por palanca mecnica
wafer socket(electro)[elec/telecom eng]zcalo walkover(sport)[sport sci]triunfo fcil
de discos walkover, to win in a ~(sport)[sport sci] ganar
waffle floor(struct) [civil eng]piso de forjado fcilmente
reticular walkway(constr, mining)[min eng]pasillo,
waffle slab(struct)[civil eng]forjado reticular corredor
wagon roof[arch]techo abovedado wall[geol]banco de roca natural
wagon vault[arch]bveda de can, bveda wall hook(pet)[min eng]gancho centrador
de medio punto wall knot[naval eng]culo de puerco
wainscot(ing)[naval eng]zcalo wall plate[min eng]larguero, carrera de pared
waist[aer eng]parte central del fuselaje wall rock (mines)[min eng]caja, roca caja, roca
waist gun (military aircraft)[aer eng] del respaldo
ametralladora lateral wall sampler(pet)[min eng]sacancleo de
waisted tooth(mech)[indr eng]diente pared
entallado wall scraper(pet)[min eng]escariador de
waiting line[telecom eng]cola pared de pozo
waiting time[min eng]tiempo de espera wall slash[min eng]corte lateral
wake[aer eng]estela wall tie(constr)[civil eng]tirante de pared
walk booms (to)[aer eng]soltar bombas en wall, defensive ~(handb, sport)[sport sci] muro
rosario defensivo, barrera
walk the quarter deck (to)[naval eng]ser wall, to round the ~(footb)[sport sci]rodear
oficial la pared
walk the rudder (to) (aircraft)(aviat)[aer eng] wall, vein ~[min eng]caja, costero
mover el timn de un lado a otro wander[min eng]desviacin
walk, to win in a ~(sport)[sport sci]ganar war games(sport)[sport sci]juego de guerra
fcilmente warbird[aer eng]pjaro de guerra
499 water yield
whale back[naval eng]toldilla con brusca muy whipping, shock load ~[naval eng]sacudida
pronunciada whipsaw(mach, tools)sierra cabrilla
whalesback[min eng]planchn whipstock(mining, pet)[min eng]guabarrena,
wheel baby[aer eng]baha del tren de guasondas
aterrizaje whirlbird[aer eng]helicptero
wheel bobbing(metallotech)[indr eng]pulido whirling needle (compasses) (magn)[phys]aguja
con muela de abrasivo fino loca
wheel crank(mach, tools)manivela de plato whistler (ionosphere)(meteor)[aer eng] silbato
wheel dresser(metallotech)[indr eng] parsito atmosfrico
rectificador de muelas abrasivas whistler wave[telecom eng]onda silbante
wheel dressing tool(tools)herramienta para white-caps[naval eng]palomas, palomillas
reavivar muelas abrasivas white continent (antarctic)[geogr, geol]
wheel fork (aircraft) [aer eng]horquilla de continente blanco
rueda white dwarf(astron)enana blanca
wheel grit(mach)[indr eng]grano de muela white gold (alloy)[chem, min eng]oro blanco
abrasiva white iron(metallur)[min eng]fundicin
wheel locator(mach)[indr eng]centrador de blanca, hojalata
muela white products(pet)[min eng]blancos
wheel pants (aircraft)[aer eng]carenado de las white water (paper indr)(indr)agua blanca,
ruedas aguas de vertido
wheel pivot(mach)[indr eng]mun de la white wine(enolog)[agrofor eng]vino blanco
rueda whitefrost[agrofor eng]helada blanca
wheel screen(mach)[indr eng]tambor white-hot lava(vulcanol)[geol]lava al rojo
cribador blanco
wheel slide (grinder)(mach)[indr eng]carro wicket(hydrau) [civil eng]portillo
portamuela wide-space hole blasting(explos, mining)[min
wheel spin[aer eng]holgura de las ruedas eng]voladura con barrenos espaciados
wheel spindle(mach)[indr eng]mun de la widespread shower(meteor)[aer eng]
rueda precipitacin continua
wheel well[aer eng]alojamiento de rueda width of tooth(mach, mech)anchura del
wheel wobble[aer eng]bailoteo de ruedas diente || (mech, tools)anchura del diente
delanteras wiggle stick[min eng]varilla de rabdomante
wheel, cup ~(metallotech)[indr eng]muela wild card(footb, sport)[sport sci]comodn,
acoplada, muela de tambor variable desconocida
wheel, electrode ~(electric, electrotech)[elec wild cat drilling[min eng]perforacin de
eng]electrodo de disco exploracin
wheel, head ~[comp sci]rueda de cabezas wild metal(metallur)[min eng]metal agitado
wheel, nose ~[aer eng]rueda de morro wild plant(plant prod)[agrofor eng]bravo
wheel, tail ~[aer eng]rueda de cola wild silk (textile indr)(indr)seda silvestre
wheels bay[aer eng]compartimento del tren wildcat well(pet)[min eng]pozo de cateo || (oil,
wheelspin[aer eng]patinaje de la rueda natural gas)[geol/min eng] pozo de sondeo
whiffletree switch(electro)[elec/telecom eng] wildcatting[min eng]sondeo de investigacin
conmutador de balancn || (pet)[min eng]exploracin || (oil, natural gas)
whip (trees)[agrofor eng]ltigo [geol/min eng] sondeos de exploracin
whip antenna[aer eng]antena flexible, antena win in a walk (to)(sport)[sport sci]ganar
de ltigo || (radio)[telecom eng]antena de ltigo fcilmente
503 wing envelope
Wing nut. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez Wing rib. Drawing: Lara Alegre Rodrguez
505 wrecking expenses
X
X-braced frame(struct, constr)[civil eng, arch]
armadura reforzada en X
X-bracing(constr)[arch]crucetas, riostra en X
X-sensitive element[chem]elemento sensible
a (x)
X-type engine(mach)[indr eng]motor en X
X-wave[phys]onda extraordinaria
X-wind(meteor)vientos cruzados
Xmas tree (oil wells)[min eng]rbol de
conexiones
xylonite treatment(matr)[civil eng]
tratamiento de xilonita
Y
Y connection(electric)[elec eng]conexin en yard, storage ~(constr, mining, pet)[min eng]
estrella patio de reserva
Y joint(struct)[civil eng]unin en Y yards, head ~(installat)[naval eng]vergas de
Y load three phase system(electric)[elec eng] trinquete
carga en estrella yawing couple(aviat)[aer eng]par de derrape,
Y network(electric)[elec eng]red en estrella, par de guiada
red en Y yellow cake(nucl phys)concentrado de uranio,
Y star(electric)[elec eng]estrella en Y torta amarilla
Y-type engine(mach)[indr eng]motor en Y yellow dwarf(astron)enana amarilla
yard[naval eng]astillero, verga yellow earth(matr)almagre, ocre rojo
yard boom[naval eng]puntal de carga fijo que yellow heat[phys]temperatura de 1.100 C
recibe la carga y la deposita en el muelle yellow lead(matr)[chem]maxicote, protxido
yard craft[naval eng]embarcaciones menores de plomo
de un astillero yellow lead ore[geol/min eng]wulfenita
yard crane(mach)[naval eng]gra flotante yellow liquor(matr)[chem]polisulfuros de
yard engine(rwy, transp)[indr eng]locomotora calcio y sodio
de maniobra yellow ore[geol/min eng]calcopirita, cobre
yard locomotive(rwy, transp)[indr eng] piritoso
locomotora de maniobra yellow star(astron)estrella amarilla
yard lumber(forest indr)[agrofor eng]madera yield moment(struct)[civil eng]momento
secada al aire resistente plstico
yard manager[naval eng]jefe de trabajos del yield strength(struct)[civil eng]resistencia
astillero plstica
yard mechanic[naval eng]mecnico del yield stress(struct) [civil eng]esfuerzo
astillero resistente plstico
yard parrell[naval eng]racamento de la verga yield water[agrofor eng]aprovechamiento
yard stain(forest indr)[agrofor eng]coloracin hdrico
de la madera secada al aire, alteracin cromtica yielding floor[min eng]piso que hincha
yard, jigger ~(installat)[naval eng]verga de la yielding, shear ~(struct)[civil eng] deformacin
vela escandalosa en cizallamiento
yard, junk ~[environ sci, indr eng]parque de yield-pillar system[min eng]sistema de
chatarra pilares de apoyo
509 youthful river
yo-yo(unstable)(sport)[sport sci]yo-yo,
deportista inestable
yoke(installat)[naval eng]horquilla, sector
de los guardianes del timn || (mech)garra de
fijacin || (struct)[civil eng]garra de fijacin ||
[aer eng]horquilla
yoke current(electric)[elec eng]corriente de
yugo
yoke joint(mach)articulacin de horquilla
yoke, boat-rudder ~(installat)[naval eng]yugo
del timn de un bote
young river(hydrol)[geol]ro joven
young soil(soil sci)[agrofor eng]suelo juvenil
young star(astron)estrella joven
young wine(enolog)[agrofor eng]vino joven
young, blow ~ (blast furnaces) (metallur)[min
eng]soplado incompleto
youthful river(hydrol)[geol]ro joven
510
Z
Z beam(struct)[arch, civil eng]viga en Z zero-wind(meteor)[aer/naval eng]viento nulo
Z-manoeuvre (vessels)(navig)[naval eng] prueba zero, electrical ~(electric)[elec eng]cero
de capacidad maniobrera elctrico
zebra crossing(urb)[arch]paso cebra zero-in (to)(aviat)[aer eng]conducir a la
zebra roof(constr)bveda en cebra posicin deseada
zed bar(metalwk)[indr eng]hierro en Z zigzag approach(aviat)[aer eng]aproximacin
zee(metalwk)[indr eng]hierro en Z en zigzag
zee bar(metalwk)[indr eng]vigueta zeta zigzag path(aviat)[aer eng]trayectoria en
zenith(surv) [civil eng]cenit zigzag
zenithal rain(meteor)lluvia cenital zigzag ridges[geol]cerros en zigzag
zero ceiling[aer eng]techo cero zinc cake(metallur)[min eng]galpago de zinc
zero hardness (water)[chem]dureza nula zone, dead ~(radar)[telecom eng]zona muerta
zero hour(army)[aer eng]hora de ataque, hora zone, shadow ~(acoust)[telecom eng]zona de
cero en incursiones militares areas sombra
zero-launched aircraft(aviat)[aer eng]avin zoom(aviat)[aer eng]encabritamiento,
lanzado sobre rampa empinada
zero point(nucl phys)epicentro de explosin zoom (to) (aircraft)(aviat)[aer eng]encabritar
nuclear zooming (aircraft)(aviat)[aer eng]encabritado
zero reader(aviat)[aer eng]instrumento de
pilotaje al cero (pilotaje guiado)
zero reading(topog)[geol/topog eng]cota cero
zero water[chem]agua de dureza cero