Quadrupole MS Consists of a set of four parallel metal rods

A combination of constant and varying (radio frequency) voltages

allows the transmission of a narrow band of m/z values along the
axis of the rods.
By varying the voltages with time it is possible to scan across a
range of m/z values, resulting in a mass spectrum.

Benefits :
1. Good reproducibility.
2. relatively small and low cost system.

Limitations:
1. Limited resolution.
2. Peak heights variable as a function of mass (mass
discrimination)
TIme of Flight The two ions shown have slightly different masses.

They start in the extraction region, which is field free at that

point, with little velocity along the flight line. The extraction
region is at a potential rather more positive than the rest of the
spectrometer.
An extraction field is suddenly applied, indicated by the
backplate turning red. This accelerates the ions out of the
extraction region, through a further acceleration region and into
the field-free drift tube at the lower potential.
Both ions acquire approximately the same kinetic energy in this
process, determined by the potential difference between the
extraction and drift regions, but the velocities are different.

The lighter ion travels faster and gradually pulls ahead in the
race to the detector. At the detector two pulses are recorded,
one for the lighter ion, this arrives first and a second for the
heavier ion a little later.
Benefits : Fastest MS analyzer . High ion transmission . Highest
practical mass range of all MS analyzers

Limitations : Requires pulsed ionization method or ion beam

switching (duty cycle is a factor). Limited precursor-ion
selectivity for most MS/MS experiments

Ion Trap MS Use three hyperbolic electrodes to trap ions in a three-

dimensional space using static and radio frequency voltages.

ions are then sequentially ejected from the trap on the basis of
their m/z values to create a mass spectrum.

Alternatively, a specific ion can be isolated in the trap by the

application of an exciting voltage while other ions are ejected.

An inert gas can also be introduced into the trap to induce

fragmentation

An interesting feature of these ion trap analysers is the ability to

fragment and isolate ions several times in succession before the
final mass spectrum is obtained, resulting in so-called MSn
capabilities.
Tandem Tandem mass spectrometry involves multiple steps of mass
Quadrupoles spectrometry selection, with some form of fragmentation
occurring in between the stages.

A tandem mass spectrometer, ions are formed in the ion source

and separated by mass-to-charge ratio in the first stage of mass
spectrometry.

Ions of a particular mass-to-charge ratio (precursor ions) are

selected and fragment ions (product ions) are created by collision-
induced dissociation, ion-molecule reaction, photodissociation, or
other process.
The resulting ions are then separated and detected in a second
stage of mass spectrometry.

ASSIGNMENT 1:
 TYPE OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
DETECTOR

NAME: NADIRAH BINTI

ZAKARIA
ID NUMBER: 2016586557
SUBJECT: CHM510
LECTURER: MDM ROHAIZA
MOHAMAD
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 10TH APRIL 2016