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SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Composites Science and Technology 67 (2007) 34873490
www.elsevier.com/locate/compscitech
Short communication
a
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
b
Department of Material Science, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060, Nishikawatsu-cho,
Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
Received 16 May 2007; received in revised form 27 June 2007; accepted 11 July 2007
Available online 20 July 2007
Abstract
Monodispersed thermochromic VO2 particles were fabricated by VO2 coating onto monodispersed SiO2 nanoparticles with the mod-
ied chemical solution deposition technique using vanadium isopropoxide solution and monodispersed SiO2 particle suspension solution.
The average size of the resultant VO2SiO2 particle was 57 nm and the coating thickness of the VO2 layer was 6 nm. A thermochromic
composite was fabricated using the VO2SiO2 particles and a poly lactose acid polymer as a transparent matrix, and the transmittance of
the composite at a high temperature was 10% less than that at a low temperature.
2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A. Oxides; A. Smart materials; D. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM); E. Solgel methods
*
Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +81 852 32 8893. A suspension of monodispersed ultrane SiO2 particles
E-mail address: miya@riko.shimane-u.ac.jp (H. Miyazaki). was prepared by a previously reported method [14]. The
0266-3538/$ - see front matter 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.07.004
3488 H. Suzuki et al. / Composites Science and Technology 67 (2007) 34873490
Frequency (%)
To evaluate the structure of the resultant VOxSiO2 par-
60 30
ticle, XRD measurements were also carried out for the par-
ticles. Fig. 3 depicts the XRD patterns for the VOxSiO2
40 20
particle. All the diraction peaks can be assigned to a
VO2 of the JCPDS 43-1051. The electron diraction pat- 20 10
tern and the XRD results revealed that VO2SiO2 monodi-
spersed particles could be obtained successfully. 0 0
Guinneton et al. reported the fabrication of VO2 nano- 20 40 60 80
powder by reduction of VO2(B) [10]. Zheng et al. fabricated Particle size (nm)
VO2 nanopowder by pyrolysis of the precursor [NH4]5- Fig. 4. Particle size distribution of precursor SiO2 particles (the dashed
[(VO)6(CO3)4(OH)9] 10H2O [15]. These reported speci- line and the open circles) and the VO2 coated SiO2 particles (the solid line
mens were observed considerable aggregation. These VO2 and the solid circles).
nanopowders were fabricated by reduction or pyrolysis of
a larger precursor powder; hence the precursor materials particle/PLA composite was prepared using the above
were much larger than the resultant specimen. Therefore, noted specimen and PLA; the appearance can be seen in
it assumed that the resultant VO2 nanopowder was consid- a photograph in Fig. 5a. The composite was placed on
erably aggregated in those investigations [10,15]. However,
aggregation was not observed in the present VO2SiO2 par-
ticles. The VO2SiO2 particles were prepared using small
sized precursor VOxSiO2 particles; therefore, it assumed a
that the present VO2SiO2 nanoparticles were obtained
without aggregation.
Size distributions of the monodispersed SiO2 particles
and the resultant VO2SiO2 particles were measured by
electrophoretic light scattering. The results are shown in
Fig. 4. The size of the precursor SiO2 particles was about
45 nm, which was very close to the target of 50 nm. The
average particle size of the VO2SiO2 particles was
57 nm; therefore, a 6 nm thickness of VO2 was coated onto 100
the SiO2 particles. These results agreed well with the result b
Transmittance (%)
80
(101)
60
(211)
Intensity (a.u.)
40
(220)
(202)
(200)
20
(211)
(222)
(101)
(210)
(212)
0
2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5
Wavelength ( m)
10 20 30 40 50 60
2 (deg) Fig. 5. (a) Photograph of a VO2SiO2 particle/PLA composite at room
temperature, and the transmittance in IR range for the VO2SiO2 particle/
Fig. 3. XRD pattern for the VOx coated SiO2 particle. PLA composite (b) at room temperature and (c) at 80 C.
3490 H. Suzuki et al. / Composites Science and Technology 67 (2007) 34873490