B.E.

Eighth Semester (Electrical Engineering (Electronics & Power) / Power Engineering) (Old)
Switchgear and Protection

P. Pages : 2 KNT/KW/16/2419/2538
Time : Three Hours *0196* Max. Marks : 80
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Notes : 1. Answer any three questions from Section A and any three questions from
Section B.
2. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.

SECTION A

1. a) Describe the working principle of reley & classify various releys. 7

b) What do you understand by a zone of protection? Discuss various Zones of protection for 6
a modern power system. Why adjacent zones are made to overlap.

2. a) Explain the terms: selectivity, discrimination, reliability and adequateness with reference 7
to protective relaying.

b) An IDMT overcurrent relay has a current setting of 150% & has a time multiplier setting of 7
0.5. The relay is connected in the circuit through a CT. having ratio 500:5 amp. Calculate
the time of operation of the relay if the circuit carries a fault current of 6000 Amps. The
relay characteristic is shown in the following table.

TSM = 1
PSM 2.5 5 8 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 25
Time in 10 4 3.15 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.15 2.05 2.05
second

3. a) Describe the principle of directional over-current relay. How does it help in discrimination 7
in protection of parallel feeder and ring mains.

b) Write the distinct features of these characteristic with respect to an over-current relay. 6
i) Inverse definite minimum time.
ii) Very inverse
iii) Extremely inverse
iv) Definite time

4. a) Write short note on induction-cup over-current protection. 6

b) What are the requirements of transmission line protection? Explain the working principle 7
of distance relays.

5. a) What do you understand by power swing? How does it affect the performance of distance 7
relays?

b) Illustrate the effect of intermediate in-feed from a Teed line on the distance measurement 6
of transmission line.

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 SECTION B

6. a) How does a percentage differential protection overcome the drawbacks of simple 7

differential protection? Explain.

b) A 10 MVA, 6.6 KV, 3 phase, star connected alternator is protected by Merz-Price 7

circulating current principle. If the ratio of current transformer is 1000/5 Amps, the
minimum operating current for the relay is 0.75 Amp & the neutral point earthing resistance
is 6. Calculate:
i) The percentage of each of the stator winding which is unprotected against earth faults
when the machine is operating at normal voltage.
ii) The minimum resistance to provide protection for 90% of the stator winding.

7. a) What is a Buchholz's relay? Which equipment is protected by it? For what type of faults is 7
it employed? Discuss its working principle with neat sketch.

b) Describe in detail with the help of a neat sketch, the constructional details and operation of 6
HRC fuse.

8. a) State the functions of amplitude comparator & phase comparator. Explain the difference 7
between direct & integrating type amplitude comparators with the help of illustrative
waveforms.

b) Static relays have replaced most of the conventional relays. Give reasons. 6

9. a) A 50Hz, 3 alternator with grounded neutral has inductance of 1.6mH per phase and is 7
connected to a bus bar through a circuit breaker. The capacitance to earth between the
alternator & the circuit breaker is 0.003 micro-farad per phase. The circuit breaker opens
when rms value of current is 7500 Amp. Determine analytically the following.
i) Inductive reactance
ii) Active recovery voltage (peak)
iii) Frequency of natural oscillations
iv) Peak restriking voltage.
v) Average rate of rise of restriking voltage.
vi) Maximum rate of rise of restriking voltage
vii) Time for maximum rate of rise of restriking voltage.
Neglect first pole to clear factor.

b) What is a circuit breaker? Why is it required? Explain its working principle. 6

10. a) Discuss the arc phenomenon in a circuit breaker. Explain various methods of arc extinction 7
in a circuit breaker.

b) Draw a neat sketch of SF6 circuit breaker and explain its working. 6

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