English PFD و P&ID

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PFD-P&ID training course
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PFD-P&ID course
Produced by:Mohammad Behzadi

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Standards
IRANIAN
IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)
IGS (IRANIAN GAS STANDARDS)
ASME (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)

ANSI (AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE)
API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE)
ISO (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION)
GPSA (Gas Process System Association)
ISA (INSTRUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA)
BSI (BRITIHSH STANDARD INSTITUTE)
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EPC
Engineering
Procurement
Construction
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Flowsheets
Basic Design
BFD (BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM)
PFD (PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM)
Detailed Design
P&ID (PROCESS & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM)
UFD (UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAM)
UHD (UTILITY HEADER DIAGRAM)
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Coal carbonization block flowsheet. Quantities are in lb/hr

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www.mblastsavior.blogfa.com
block flowsheet. Quantities are in lb/hr

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PFD
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BL:battery limit
) ((PPM)TRACE:
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NNF:NORMALLY NO FLOW
PFD
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25
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Example
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UTILITY FLOWSHEETS
UFD (UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAM)
UHD (UTILITY HEADER DIAGRAM)
These are P&I diagrams for individual

utilities such as steam, steam
condensate, cooling water, heat transfer
media in general, compressed air, fuel,
refrigerants, and inert blanketing gases,
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P&ID
ENGINEERING FLOWSHEET OR ENGINEERING LINE DIAGRAM
BS1646
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IPS
Process Flow Diagram
These preparation stages describe the
following three main phases which can be
distinguished in every project & include, but
not be limited to:
Phase I: Basic Design Stages (containing
seven Standards)
Phase II: Detailed Design, Engineering and
Procurement Stages (containing two
Standards)
Phase III: Start-Up Sequence and General
Commissioning Procedures (containing two
Standards)
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Phase I: Basic Design Stages
(containing 7 Standards)
STANDARD CODE STANDARD TITLE
I) Manuals of Phase I (Numbers 1 - 7)
IPS-E-PR-150 "Basic Design Package"
IPS-E-PR-170 "Process Flow Diagram"
IPS-E-PR-190 "Layout and Spacing"
IPS-E-PR-200 "Basic Engineering Design Data"
IPS-E-PR-230 "Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs)"
IPS-E-PR-250 "Performance Guarantee"
IPS-E-PR-308 "Numbering System"
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Phase II: Detailed Design, Engineering and Procurement
Stages (containing 2 Standards)
I) Manuals of Phase II (Numbers 8&9)
IPS-
IPS-E-PR-
PR-260 "Detailed Design, Engineering and Procurement"
IPS-
IPS-E-PR-
PR-300 "Plant Technical and Equipment Manuals (Engineering Dossiers)
Dossiers)
Phase III: Start-Up Sequence and General Commissioning Procedures

(containing two Standards)
III) Manuals of Phase III (Numbers10&11)
IPS-
IPS-E-PR-
PR-280 "Start-
"Start-Up Sequence and General Commissioning Procedures"
IPS-
IPS-E-PR-
PR-290 "Plant Operating Manuals"
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Scope
This Standard is also intended to
establish uniform symbols for
equipment, piping and instrumentation
on P&IDs and UDFDs throughout the Oil,
Gas and Petrochemical (OGP) projects.
: 38
Flowsheets
the Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs)
Utility Distribution Flow Diagrams (UDFDs,UHD,UFD)
Process flow diagram(PFD)
: 39
REFERENCES
ASME (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)
ASME Code.
ANSI (AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE)

ANSI B 16.1 "Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class 25, 125, 250
and 800"
1st. Ed., 1989
IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)

IPS-
IPS-E-PR-
PR-200 "Basic Engineering Design Data"
IPS-
IPS-E-PR-
PR-308 "Numbering System"
IPS-
IPS-E-PR-
PR-725 "Process Design of Plant Waste Sewer Systems"
IPS-
IPS-G-IN-
IN-160 "Control Valves"
IPS-
IPS-D-AR-
AR-010 "Abbreviations & Symbols for HVAC&R Drawings"
IPS-
IPS-D-AR-
AR-011 "General Notes for HVAC & R System"
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REFERENCES
ISA (INSTRUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA)
ISA-
ISA-S5.1 "Instrumentation Symbols and Identification" 1st. Ed., 1984
ISA-
ISA-S5.2 "Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations" 2nd. Ed., 1981 (
Reaffirmed 1992 )
ISA-
ISA-S5.3 "Graphic symbols for distributed control / shared display
instrumentation, logic and computer systems Ed.,1983
ISA-
ISA-S5.4 "Instrument Loop Diagrams" Ed., 1991
ISA-
ISA-S5.5 "Graphic Symbols for Process Displays" 1st. Ed., 1985
ISA-
ISA-S18.1 "Annunciator Sequences and Specifications" 1st. Ed., 1979
(Reaffirmed 1992)
ISA-
ISA-S50.1 "Compatibility of analogue signals for electronic industrial process
process
instruments
instruments 1st. Ed., 1975 ( Reaffirmed 1995)
ISA-
ISA-S51.1 "Process Instrumentation Terminology" 1st. Ed., 1979
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REFERENCES
ISO (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION)
ISO 3098: Part 1 "Technical Drawings-
Drawings-Lettering, Part 1: Currently Used Characters"
1st. Ed. 1974
ISO 3511: Part 1 & Part 4 "Process measurement control functions and instrumentation-
instrumentation-symbolic
representation-
representation-Part 1: Basic requirements, 1st.Ed. 1977;Part 4: Basic symbols for
for process computer,
Interface, and shared display/control functions" Ed. 1985
1st. Ed., 1984
ISO 6708 "Pipe component definition of nominal size" Ed., 1995.
API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE)

API Standard 602 "Compact steel gate valves-
valves-flanged, threaded, welding and extended body ends nine
Ed., 1995
GPSA (Gas Process System Analysis)
: 42
TERMINOLOGY:
Company or Employer/Owner :
affiliated companies of the Iranian ministry of
petroleum :
National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC)
National Petrochemical Company (NPC)
: 43
SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS
Drain / Sewer Symbols
n AMN Amine Drains (MEA,MDEA)
n AY Amine Drain Funnel (MEA,MDEA)
n CAU Caustic Sewer(NAOH)
n CDB Concrete Drain Box
n CSW Chemical Sewer
n CY Chemical Drain Pit
n DC Drain Connection
n DWW Desalter Waste Water
n NSW Non Oily Water Sewer
n OPD Open Drain
n OSW Oily Water Sewer
n SSW Sanitary Water Sewer
n SWA Stripped Sour Water
n TY Toxic Drain Funnel
n Y Drain Funnel (General)
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Letters at Individual Valves Designations
n B Monel Valve (grease sealed seat and packing)
n BV Ball Valve
n CAO Close-Automatic-Open
n CC Cable Control
n CO Chain Operated
n CHV Check Valve
n D Drain
n FB Full Bore
n FC Fail Close (closes on minimum signal to valve actuator)
n FO Fail Open (opens on minimum signal to valve actuator)
n FD Flex Disc Valve (Diapheragm Valve)
Monel
Flex
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Letters at Individual Valves Designations
n MOV Motorized Valve
n NC Normally Closed
n NO Normally Open
n NV Needle Valve (Plug valve)
n OV Operating Valve
n PIVA Post Indicator Valve(if it is Closed or open)
n PSE Rupture Disk Assembly (Pressure Safety Equipment)
n PSV Pressure Safety Relief Valve
n P Plugged
n SR Split Range
n SSV Stainless Steel Valve
n T Trap
n V Vent
n WP(J) Jacketed Plug Valve
n XCV Steam Trap with Integral Strainer
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Piping Abbreviations
n CS Carbon Steel
n DN Diameter Nominal
n FF Flat Face
n FS Forged Steel
n LJ Lap Joint
n MI Mallable Iron
n PN Pressure Nominal
n RF Raised Face
n RS Removable Spool
n SF Socket Weld Line Blind with Flexitallic Gaskets
n SB Spectacle Blind
n SO Slip on
n SS Stainless Steel
n ST(H) Steam Trap (Heat Conservation)
n SW Socket Weld
n WN Weld Neck
: 48
Miscellaneous Designations
n AG Above Ground
n BL Battery Limit
n DCS Distributed Control System
n HCB Hydrocarbon
n HCH Hydrocarbon with Hydrogen
n HHLL High High Liquid Level
n HLL High Liquid Level
n LG Level Gage
n LLL Low Liquid Level
n LLLL Low Low Liquid Level
n MW Manway
n NLL Normal Liquid Level
n P Pressure
n PB Push Bottom
n PFD Process Flow Diagram
n PG Pressure Gage
n PI Pressure Indicator
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Miscellaneous Designations
n P&ID Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
n PO Pump Out
n PT Pressure Test Connection
n RES Residue
n RG Refrigerant Gas
n RL Refrigerant Liquid
n RTD Resistance Temperature Detector
n RVP Reid Vapor Pressure
n SC Sample Connection
n SCL Sample Cooler
n SG Sight Glass
n SP Set Point
n SP.GR. Relative Mass Density (Specific Gravity)
n STO Steam Out
n TI Temperature Indicator
n T/T Tangent to Tangent
n UFD Utility Flow Diagram
n UG Under Ground
n VB Vortex Breaker
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Utility Services Abbreviations
n BFW Boiler Feed Water
n CLW Chlorinated Water
n CW Cooling Water
n CWR Cooling Water Return
n CWS Cooling Water Supply
n DMW Demineralized Water
n DSW Desalinated Water
n DWA Drinking Water
n FLG Fuel Gas
n FLR Flare Discharge
n FOR Fuel Oil Return
n FOS Fuel Oil Supply
n FWA Fire Water
n HBW High Pressure Boiler Feed Water
n HPC High Pressure Condensate
n HPS High Pressure Steam
: 51
Utility Services Abbreviations
n ISA Instrument Air
n LLPS Low Low Pressure Steam
n LPC Low Pressure Condensate
n LPS Low Pressure Steam
n MBW Medium Pressure Boiler Feed Water
n MPC Medium Pressure Condensate
n MPS Medium Pressure Steam
n NG Natural Gas
n NIT Nitrogen
n PLA Plant Air
n PWA Plant Water(service water)
n RFO Refinery Fuel Oil
n RFW Refrigerated water
n RWA Raw Water
n SWA Sour Water
n TWA Treated Water
n WAT Water
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power supply
n AS Air Supply
n ISA Instrument Air
n PLA Plant Air
n ES Electric Supply
n GS Gas Supply
n HS Hydraulic Supply(Water)
n NS Nitrogen Supply
n SS Steam Supply
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SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Main process line (arrow of 30indicates

Direction of fluid flow )
Heat traced pipe line

Underground pipeline
Existing line
Future line
Vendor package
Jackated or double containment pipeline
Line crossing (connected)
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n Line crossing (nconnected)
n Lines junction
n Dripe funnel
n Platform
n Removable spoolpice
n Minimum distance
n Indication of point of change:
n a)change in sloop
n b) change in piping class
n c)change in responsibility
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n Outlet to the atmosphere for steam / gas
n Flow / motion in diraction of arrow
n Arrow for inlet or outlet of essential substances
n Slope
n Level reference
n Limit , general
n Contractor/ vendor
n Battery limit
n Hood , general (Furnace)
n Distribution device for fluids , spray nozzle
n Siphon with dip length
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n Open vent
n Syphon drain( seal leg)
n Liquid seal, oen
n Liquid seal ,closed
n Butsting disc
n Sight glass
n Level gage
n Level gage on standpipe (vertical pipe)
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Interlock
logic symbols
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n Butt welded joint
n Flanged joint
n Screwed joint (arrow : 90)
n Socket welded joint
n Socket and spigot joint
n Compression joint
n Swivel joint
n End cap ,but welded
n End flanged and bolted
n End cap ,fillet welded (socket)
n End cap ,screwed (arrow:90)
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Symbols for manually operated and miscellaneous valves and monitors
n Gate valve (basic symbol)

n Globe valve
n Check valve (general)
n Gate valve behind off
n Angle valve
n Ball valve
n Fourway valve
n Gate valve with body bleed

n Butterfly valve
n Hydraulic control (water force)
n Metering cock
n Needle valve
n Plug valve
n S=solenoid valve
n R= Manual reset when indicated
n Diaphragm valve
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Equipment:Tower,
column, vessel and
reactor
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Note:
All tanks and spheres on each flow diagram are
to be shown in Approximate relative size to
each other
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Air coolers
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Pumps
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NOZZLES IDENTIFICATIONS ON VESSELS, REACTORS AND TOWERS
n NOZZLE IDENTIFICATION SYMBOL
n A,A2 Inlets
n B Outlet
n C Condensate
n D Drain or Draw-off
n E*
n F Feed
n G Level gage or gage glass
n H Handhold
n J Pumpout
n K*
n L Level instrument (also LT, LI)
n M Manhole
n N Reboiler connection
n P Pressure connection (also PT, PI)
n R Reflux
n S Steam or sample connection
n T Temperature connection (also TI, TE, TW)
V Vapor or vent
n W Relief valve connection
n (Oversize unless actual size known)
n *Use E or K when non of the other symbols apply. Do not use I, O, Q, U, X, Y, or Z.
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Numbering System
l instrumentation identifications
l equipment abbreviations (codes)
l fluid abbreviations
l painting, insulation and heat tracing designations.
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SCOPE
l numbering for instrument and electrical
equipment, piping line and engineering
documents such as specifications, purchase
orders, and other facilities.
: 78
REFERENCES
l ISA (INSTRUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA)
l S 5.1-1984. Instrumentations Symbol and Identification
Formerly, Ed. 1989
l ISO (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION)

l 6708-1995 (E) "Pipe Components Definition and Selection of
Nominal Size", 2nd. Ed., 1995.
: 79
EQUIPMENT NUMBERING
SYSTEM
Main Equipment & Package Unit
: 81
l Notes:
l 1) Unit number for the equipment shall start from 1 (not from
01). For a typical refinery units see Appendix A.
l 2) Serial number for equipment including mechanical,
machinery, electrical, ancillary facilities, buildings, general
items, etc., shall be from 01 to 99 unless otherwise specified.
The numbering of instruments and control equipment should
be from 001 to 999. For the units with more than one section
(e.g., crude and vacuum distillation unit, etc.), equipment
serial number to be utilized for each section shall be
determined by the Contractor (e.g., from 01 t0 50 and from 50
to 99 to crude distillation and vacuum distillation sections
respectively).
: 82
APPENDIX B EQUIPMENT CATEGORY SYMBOL
l AGITATOR AG
l AIR CONDITIONER AC
l BLENDER BR
l COMPRESSOR C
l CONTINUOUS MIXER, PLASTICS CM
l CONTROL PANEL CPL
l CONVEYOR, MECHANICAL OR PNEUMATIC CV
l COOLING TOWER CT
l CRANE CN
l CRUSHER CR
l CRYSTALLIZER CS
l CUTTER CU
l CYCLONE AND HYDROCLONE CY
l DESALTER DE
l EVAPORATOR EV
l EXCHANGER, SHELL-AND TUBE, DOUBLE PIPE, PLATE, E
l COILS, AIR COOLED, REBOILER, BOX COOLER,
l CASCADE COOLER, SURFACE CONDENSER
l EXTRUDER EX
: 83
APPENDIX B EQUIPMENT CATEGORY SYMBOL
l FAN FA
l FILTER F
l FLARE STACK FST
l HEATER, FIRED H
l LOADING ARM LA
l MILL MI
l PUMP P
l REACTOR R
l SAMPLER SA
l SEPARATOR, ATMOSPHERIC SE
l SPECIALITY MOBILE EQUIPMENT, (FIRE TRUCK, SNOW REMOVAL) SM
l STACK, CHIMNEY S
l STEAM TRAP STP
l STRAINER STR
l SUMP SU
l TANK; API, SILO, HOPPER TK
l VALVE, SLIDE (SEE GATE, SLIDE) SG
l VALVE, ROTARY RV
l VALVE, MOTORIZED MOV
l VESSEL, PRESSURE (COLUMN, ACCUMULATOR, K.O. DRUM SPHERE, BULLET) V
: 84
Appendix A
UNIT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
l for a typical refinery
: 85
: 86
Drivers for Main Equipment
l Drivers for main equipment shall be numbered as follows:
l Note:
l Type of drivers shall be as follows:
l DE : Diesel Engine
l GE : Gas Engine
l GT : Gas Turbine
l HT : Hydraulic Turbine
l M : Electric Motor
l ST : Steam Turbine
l TEX: Turbo Expander.
: 87
PIPING LINE NUMBERING SYSTEM
l Piping lines shall be numbered in the following manner:
l Numbering of All Lines Excluding Steam Tracing Spools
: 88
Notes:
l 1) Piping serial number, in general is started from 0001 and Up except for the units which are
characterized by more than one section such as crude and vacuum distillation unit. In such
cases, split of piping serial numbers to be assigned for each section of the unit shall be
determined by the Contractor.
l Special number 7001 : 9999 shall be used for all drains, relief headers and utility services
including fuel oil and fuel gas for all units except for the units which are producing the subject
utility services.
l For assigning the piping serial number, the following items should be taken into
consideration:
l a) The individual line number shall be held up to the point where the line ends at the inlet of
equipment such as a vessel, exchanger, pump, etc., an other number is required for the line
downstream of the equipment.
l b) All utility headers (systems) shall be numbered with their respective units. All branches
serving a specific unit will be numbered with that unit.
l f) All firewater and sewer branches serving a specific unit shall be numbered.
l 2) Piping class code shall be in accordance with the line classes utilized in project piping
material specification.
l 3) Piping components not identified by instrument or mechanical equipment numbers, etc.,
and not covered by the piping material specification, are identified by a special item number.
l 4) Unit number of the plant shall start from 1 (not from 01). For a typical refinery units see
Appendix A.
: 89
Steam Tracing Spools
l For steam tracing numbering and material

take off, the contractor can use his own
system.
: 90
l APPENDIX I
l FLUID ABBREVIATION SYMBOLS
l a) Air Systems
l ISA Instrument Air
l PLA Plant Air
l b) Blowdown and Pump Out Systems
l BDN Blowdown
l CBD Continuous Blowdown
l IBD Intermittent Blowdown
l c) Condensate Systems
l COC Cold Condensate
l HPC High Pressure Condensate
l LPC Low Pressure Condensate
l MPC Medium Pressure Condensate
l d) Drain (Sewer) Systems
l CDH Closed Drain Header
l CSW Chemical Sewer
l NSW Non Oily Sewer
l OSW Oily Sewer
l SSW Sanitary Sewer
l e) Flare Systems
l FL Flare (Normal)
l HFL High Pressure Flare
l LFL Low Pressure Flare
l f) Fuels
l FLG Fuel Gas
l FLO Fuel Oil
l NG Natural Gas
l RFO Refinery Fuel Oil
: 91
l APPENDIX I
l g) Special Gas Systems
l ACG Acid Gas
l AIR Air (Drying Service)
l CHL Chlorine
l HEL Helium
l HYD Hydrogen
l NIT Nitrogen
l NOX Nitrous Oxide
l OXY Oxygen
l UTA Utility Air
l h) Special Chemical and Solvent Systems
l AMN Amine
l AMO Ammonia
l CAU Caustic Soda
l CHM Chemicals
l DEA di-Ethanol Amine
l DGA di-Glycole Amine
l FS Flushing Solvent
l MEA mono-Ethanol Amine
l MEK Methyl Ethyl Ketone
l
TOL: Toluene 92
l APPENDIX I
l i) Oil Utility Systems
l INO Injection Oil
l LBO Lubricating Oil
l SLO Seal Oil
l j) Steam systems
l DKS Decoking Steam
l DLS Dilution Steam
l HOR Hot Oil Return
l HOS Hot Oil Supply
l HPS High Pressure Steam
l LLS Low Low Pressure Steam
l LPS Low Pressure Steam
l MPS Medium Pressure Steam
l l) Water Systems
l BFW Boiler Feed Water
l CLW Chlorinated Water
l CWR Cooling Water Return
l CWS Cooling Water Supply
l DIW Distilled Water
l HWS Hot Water Supply
l HWR Hot Water Return
l TWR Tempered Water Return
l TWS Tempered Water Supply
l DMW Demineralized Water
l DWA Drinking Water
l FWA Fire Water
l HBW High Pressure Boiler Feed Water
l HCW Hot and Chilled Water
l MBW Medium Pressure Boiler Feed Water
l PHW Phenol Water
l PRW Process Water
l PWA Plant Water
l PTW Potable Water
l QHW Quench Water
l RWA Raw Water
l SWA Sour Water
l TWA Treated Water
l WAT Water
: 93
Appendix I:Process Services
l ACE Acetylene
l ALC Alchohol
l ASP Asphalt
l BZN Benzene
l BUT Butane
l CAT Catalyst
l CRD Crude
l CRG Cracked Gas
l ETA Ethane
l ETN Ethylene
l FOP Fuel Oil Product
l GAS Gas
l GHS Natural Gas with Hydrogen and Steam
l GSL Gasoline
l GSO Gas oil
l HRG Hydrogen Rich Gas
l HCB Hydrocarbon
l HCH Hydrocarbon with Hydrogen
l HSR Heavy Straight Run Naphtha
l HNA Heavy Naphtha
l JP4 Jet Fuel (JP-4)
l JTA Jet A-1
l KER Kerosene
l NGH Natural Gas with Hydrogen
: 94
Appendix I:Process Services
l LNA Light Naphtha
l LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
l MEL Methanol
l MET Methane
l NAP Naphtha
l PNT Pentane
l PRP Propane
l PPN Propylene
l PRA Process Air
l PRO Process Fluid
l RAF Raffinate
l REG Recycle Gas
l RES Residue
l SLG Sludge
l SLP Slop
l SUL Sulfur
: 95
APPENDIX L
DEFINITION OF NOMINAL SIZE
l 1) Definition
l Nominal size (DN): A numerical designation of size which is common to all
components in a piping system other than components designed by
outside diameters or by thread size. It is a convenient round number for
reference purposes and is only loosely related to manufacturing
dimensions.
l Notes:
l 1) It is designated by DN followed by a number.
l 2) It should be noted that not all piping components are designated by
nominal size, for example steel tubes are designated and ordered by
outside diameter and thickness.
l 3) The nominal size DN cannot be subject to measurement and shall not
be used for purposes of calculation.
: 96
: 97
ATM
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: 98
APPENDIX E
PAINTING, INSULATION AND HEAT TRACING DESIGNATION
INSULATION OR HEAT
l TRACING TYPE SERVICE
l ET Electrical Traced and Insulated

l ETT Electrical Traced With Heat Transfer Cement and insulated

l IS Insulation for Personnel Protection
l SJ Steam Jacketed and Insulated
l ST Steam Traced and Insulated
l STS Steam Traced With Spacers and Insulated
l STT Steam Traced with Heat Transfer Cement and Insulated
l TB Trace Body and Insulate
l PT Painting
l NP NO Painting, No Insulation
l UW Underground Wrapping
: 99
Numbering for Structure
l Structure and pipe rack shall be numbered in the following manner:

l Notes:
l 1) Structure Identification
l AT = Antenna Tower
l CPS = Concrete Pipe Sleeper
l MP = Miscellaneous Platform
l PS = Pipe Support
l SL = Stiles
l SS = Steel Structure
l 2) Structure numbering shall be South to North and West to East.
: 100
drawings
Note:
The final (As Built) isometric drawings shall include the material take off
table and should be in A3 size.
: 101
Drawing Scales
l Drawings scales shall be any of the following:
l 1: 10
l 1 : 20
l 1: 25
l 1 : 33-1/3
l 1 : 50
l 1 : 100
l 1 : 250
l 1 : 500
l 1 : 1000
l 1 : 2500 (Overall Plot Plan Only)
: 102
NUMBERING OF PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA SHEETS
l SP - Specification
l DW - Drawings
l PC - Performance Curves
l FS - Fabrication Schedule
l DS - Data Sheets
l PR - Procedures
l CE - Certificates
l WS - Welding Specification
l IR - Inspection Record
l CA - Calculations
l MU - Manuals
l OT - Others
: 103
Engineering Disciplines Coding
l AC Heating, Ventilation, Air conditioning & Refrigeration Engineering
l CI Civil Engineering (General) including Architectural
l EL Electrical Engineering
l GM General Machineries
l GN General
l HM and/or Heat and Mass Transfer Engineering (Thermal Equipment Engineering)
l IN Instrumentation Engineering
l ME Fixed Mechanical Equipment Engineering (Non Rotating Equipment Engineering)
l PI Piping Engineering (General Mechanical and Interconnection Engineering)
l PR Process and Chemicals Engineering
l PV Pressure Vessel Engineering (Generally, Vessels Engineering)
l RE and/or Rotating Equipment and/or (Process Machineries) Engineering
l (PM)
l SF Safety, Fire Fighting & Environmental Control Engineering
l ST Structural Engineering
l TC Telecommunication Engineering
l TP Technical Protection Engineering
: 104
Commodity Account No.:
l - Civil 01
l - Instrumentation 02
l - Electrical 03
l - Machinery 04
l - Heaters 05
l - Heat Exchangers (including reboilers, coolers, double pipe heat exchangers,
coils, plate heat exchangers, etc.) 06
l - Vessels, Towers or Drums 07
l - Tanks and Spheres 08
l - Package Units 09
l - Miscellaneous Mechanical 10
l - Piping 11
l - Management 12
l - Site Construction 13
l - Miscellaneous 14
: 105
Project Sections Coding
l AC Accounting
l CC Cost Control
l CN Construction
l DC www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com Document Center
l FN Finance
l GN General
l PC Project Coordination
l PE Project Engineering
l PN Planning
l PM Project Management
l PQ Procurement
l QA Quality Assurance
l QC Quality Control
: 106
Numbering of Drawings
Notes:
1) Two drawings may have the same serial number but different unit
number.
2) When drawings have same title and function, they shall have the same
serial number and shall be identified by using Sequential No./Total No.
: 107
Numbering of Isometric Drawings
Numbering of Isometric Drawings shall be the same as the piping line number
which is shown on the Isometric Drawing.
: 108
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
l SYMBOL/ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION
l AK Arak
l BD Building
l CRD Crude
l DN Diameter Nominal, in (mm)
l HVAC Heating Ventilation and Cooling
l LG Level Gage
l PDB Distribution Panel Board
l PFD Process Flow Diagram
l P & IDs Piping and Instrument Diagrams
l PO Purchase Order
l PS Pipe Support
l PSV Pressure Safety Valve
l SI System International
l TEL Tetra Ethyl Lead
: 109
DRAWING SERIAL NUMBER
l TYPE OF DRAWING SERIAL NUMBER (4 Digits)

l - PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM 0001 - 0099
l - MECHANICAL FLOW DIAGRAMS (P & IDs) 0100 - 0199
l - UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAM 0200 - 0399
l - PLOT PLAN 0500 - 0599
l - CONCRETE 1000 - 1999
l - STRUCTURAL STEEL 2000 - 2999
l - VESSEL 4000 - 4999
l - PIPING 5000 - 5999
l - ELECTRICAL 6000 - 6999
l - INSTRUMENT 7000 - 7999
l - INSULATION 8000 - 8999
l - MISCELLANEOUS 9000 - 9999
: 110
Special Chemical and Solvent Systems
l AMN www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com
Amine
l AMO Ammonia
l CAU Caustic Soda
l CHM Chemicals
l DEA di-Ethanol Amine
l DGA di-Glycole Amine
l MEA mono-Ethanol Amine
l MEK Methyl Ethyl Ketone
l TOL Toluene
: 111
FLUID ABBREVIATION SYMBOLS
l a) Air Systems
l ISA Instrument Air
l PLA Plant Air
l b) Blowdown and Pump Out Systems
l BDN Blowdown
l CBD Continuous Blowdown
l IBD Intermittent Blowdown
l c) Condensate Systems
l COC Cold Condensate
l HPC High Pressure Condensate
l LPC Low Pressure Condensate
l MPC Medium Pressure Condensate
l d) Drain (Sewer) Systems
l CSW Chemical Sewer
l NSW Non Oily Sewer
l OSW Oily Sewer
SSW
l: Sanitary Sewer 112
l e) Flare Systems
l FL Flare (Normal)
l HFL High Pressure Flare
l LFL Low Pressure Flare
l f) Fuels
l FLG Fuel Gas
l FLO Fuel Oil
l NG Natural Gas
l RFO Refinery Fuel Oil
l g) Special Gas Systems
l ACG Acid Gas
l CHL Chlorine
l HEL Helium
l HYD Hydrogen
l NIT Nitrogen
l OXY Oxygen
l UTA Utility Air
: 113
l i) Oil Utility Systems
l LBO Lubricating Oil
l SLO Seal Oil
l FGO Flushing Oil
l j) Steam systems
l DLS Dilution Steam
l HOR Hot Oil Return
l HOS Hot Oil Supply
l HPS High Pressure Steam
l LLS Low Low Pressure Steam
l LPS Low Pressure Steam
l MPS Medium Pressure Steam
: 114
l l) Water Systems
l BFW Boiler Feed Water
l CLW Chlorinated Water
l CWR Cooling Water Return
l CWS Cooling Water Supply
l DIW Distilled Water
l HWS Hot Water Supply
l HWR Hot Water Return

l TWR Tempered Water Return
l TWS Tempered Water Supply
l DMW Demineralized Water
l DWA Drinking Water
l FWA Fire Water
l HBW High Pressure Boiler Feed Water
l HCW Hot and Chilled Water
l MBW Medium Pressure Boiler Feed Water
l PRW Process Water
l PWA Plant Water
l RWA Raw Water
l SWA Sour Water
l TWA Treated Water
l WAT Water
: 115
l k) Process Services
l ACE Acetylene
l ALC Alchohol
l ASP Asphalt
l BZN Benzene
l BUT Butane
l CAT Catalyst
l ETA Ethane
l ETN Ethylene
l FOP Fuel Oil Product
l GAS Gas
l GSL Gasoline
l GSO Gas oil
l HRG Hydrogen Rich Gas
l HCB Hydrocarbon
l HCH Hydrocarbon with Hydrogen
l JP4 Jet Fuel (JP-
(JP-4)
l JTA Jet A-
A-1
l KER Kerosene
l NGH Natural Gas with Hydrogen
l
RGH: Reformed Gas with Hydrogen 116
l LNA Light Naphtha

l LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
l MEL Methanol
l MET Methane
l NAP Naphtha
l PNT Pentane
l PRP Propane
l PPN Propylene
l PRA Process Air
l PRO Process Fluid
l RAF Raffinate
l REF Reformate
l REG Recycle Gas
l RES Residue
l SLG Sludge
l SLP Slop
: 117
l SUL Sulfur
: 118
: 119
: 120
: 121
: 122
Control Valve:
n Fluid specificatiion
n Type
n Temperature
n Viscosity
n Density
n Max & min flowrate
n Max & min inlet pressure
n Max & min outlet pressure
: 123
Control Valve:
n Equal precentage(of flowrate)

n Linear(increase in stem)
n Quick opening(on-off)(not for regulating)
n Normal:60% openning
n Max:95% openning
n Min:10% openning
: 124
n liquid Flow
n Across a control valve the fluid is accelerated to some
n maximum velocity. At this point the pressure reduces to
n its lowest value. If this pressure is lower than the liquids
n vapor pressure, flashing will produce bubbles or cavities
n of vapor. The pressure will rise or recover downstream
n of the lowest pressure point. If the pressure rises to above
n the vapor pressure. the bubbles or cavities collapse. This
n causes noise, vibration, and physical damage.
n When there is a choice, design for no flashing. When
n there is no choice. locate the valve to flash into a vessel
n if possible. If flashing or cavitation cannot be avoided,
n select hardware that can withstand these severe conditions.
n The downstream line will have to be sized for two
n phase flow.
: 125
: 126
: 127
: 128
: 129
: 130
: 131
: 132
Control Valve:
n Cv(Cg for fisher) (GPM=>dp=1 psi)

q formulas for estimation
q Catalog is better
: 133
: 134
: 135
: 136
: 137
ENGINEERING STANDARD
FOR
LAYOUT AND SPACING
n This Standard Specification covers the basic
requirements of the plant layout and spacing of
oil & gas refineries, petrochemical and similar
chemical plants to ensure safety and fire
prevention together with ease of operation and
maintenance.
: 139
n API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE)
n RP-500 A "Recommended Practice for Classification of Location for Electrical
Installation in Petroleum Refineries", Edition Fourth, Jan. 1982
n API Std. 620 "On Large, Welded, Low Pressure Storage Tanks"
n API Std. 650 "On Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage"
n ASME (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)
n "Boilers and Pressure Vessel Codes":
n - Section I, Power Boilers
n - Section VIII, Pressure Vessels
n ASCE (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS)
n "Minimum Design Loads for Structures"
n IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)
n IPS-C-ME-100 "Atmospheric Above Ground Welded Steel Storage Tanks"
n IPS-E-EL-110 "Electrical Area Classification & Extent"
n IPS-C-ME-110 "Large Welded Low Pressure Storage Tanks"
n IPS-C-ME-120 "Aviation Turbine Fuel Storage Tanks"
n IPS-C-ME-130 "Pressure Storage & Spheres (for LPG)"
n IPS-E-CE-160 "Geometric Design of Roads"
n IPS-G-PI-280 "Pipe Supports"
n IPS-E-PR-360 Process design of liquid & gas transfer & storage
n IPS-E-SF-200 "Fire Fighting Sprinkler Systems"
n IPS-C-SF-550 "Safety Boundary Limits"
n IPS-D-PI-102 "Typical Unit Plot Arrangement & Pipeway Layout"
n IPS-D-PI-103 "Pipeline Spacing"
: www.spowpowerplant.blogfa.com 140
-
n ANSI (AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE)
n ANSI-MSS Standards, "Piping Hanger and Supports", 1969
Edition
n NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION)
n NFPA "Recommendation Codes and Standards" (See Table
A-1 in Appendix A)
n NFPA, 59 "Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied
Petroleum Gases", Ed. 1989
n NFPA, 251 "Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building,
Construction and Materials", Ed. 1985
n IRI (INDUSTRIAL RISK INSURANCE )
n "Requirement on Spacing of Flare"
n TEMA (TUBULAR EXCHANGER MFRS. ASSN.
STANDARD)
n Uniform Building "From International Conference of Building
Office", 1991 Ed.
n Code, (UBC)
: 141
DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
n Dike
Is an earth or concrete wall providing a specified liquid
L1
retention capacity.
n Diversion Wall
Is an earth or concrete wall which directs spills to a safe

disposal area.
n Fire Resistive
Fire resistance rating, as the time in minutes or hours, that

materials or assemblies have withstand a fire exposure
as established in accordance with the test of NFPA 251.
: 143
Slide 143
L1
Lastsavior; 2007/08/23
n High Flash Stock
Are those having a closed up flash point of 55C or over (such as heavy
fuel oil, lubricating oils, etc.).
This category does not include any stock that may be stored at
temperatures above or within 8C of its flash point.
n Low-Flash Stocks
Are those having a closed up flash point under 55C such as gasoline,
kerosene, jet fuels, some heating oils, diesel fuels and any other stock
that may be stored at temperatures above or within 8C of its flash
point.
n Non-Combustible
Material incapable of igniting or supporting combustion.
: 144
n Pipe Rack
The pipe rack is the elevated supporting structure used to
convey piping between equipment. This structure is also
utilized for cable trays associated with electric-power
distribution and for instrument tray.
n Plot Plan
The plot plan is the scaled plan drawing of the processing
facility.
n Sleepers
The sleepers comprise the grade-level supporting structure
for piping between equipment for facilities, e.g., tank farm
or other remote areas.
: 145
n Toe Wall
Is a low earth, concrete, or masonery unit curb without
capacity requirements for the retention of small leaks or
spills.
n Vessel Diameter
Where vessel spacing is expressed in terms of vessel
diameter, the diameter of the largest vessel is used. For
spheroids, the diameter at the maximum equator is used.
n Vessel Spacing
Is the unobstructed distance between vessel shells or
between vessel shells and nearest edge of adjacent
equipment, property lines, or buildings.
: 146
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
BP = Boiling Point
HVAC = Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
IC = Incombustibles
IRI = Industrial Risk Insurance
LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas
NFPA = National Fire Protection Association
OD = Outside Diameter
OGP = Oil, Gas and Petrochemical
OIA = Oil Insurance Association
SIC = Sheathed Incombustible
TEMA = Thermal Exchargers Manufacturers Association
: 147
SOME KEY ISSUES RELATED TO LAYOUT
n Safety and Environment
n Familiarization with pertinent Environmental Regulations, (Local,
National and International), and how they might change is
essential perior to conclusion of pre-project studies.
n Attention shall be given to the pertinent safety regulations,
including health and welfare needs. Hazardous and flammable
materials require special handling, which can take up layout
space.
n If the process fluids are especially toxic, layout is affected by the
need for close chemical sewers and other protection measures.
Security requirements may require special layout design when
the plant produces a high-value product.
n If a plant site is governed by particular building, piping, plumbing,
electrical and other codes, these can affect plant layout. Similar
governing standards and regulation in plant site affects the layout
concept.
: 148
Throughput
n It is important not only to know the initial capacity but also to have a
good feel for how much the plant might be expanded in the future, as
well as how likely the process technology is to be modernized. These
factors indicate how much space should be left for additional
equipment. www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com
n Multiple processing lines (trains), are often required for the plant. Pairs
of trains can either be identical or be mirror images. The former option
is less expensive. But the mirror image approach is sometimes
preferable for layout reasons. Two such reasons are:
n a) For operator access via a central aisle.
n b) The need that the outlet sides of two lines of equipment (pumps, for
instance) point toward each other so that they can be readily hooked to
one common line.
: 149
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
General
The plant layout shall be arranged for:
a) maximization of safety;
b) prevention of the spread of fire and also ease of operation;
c) maintenance consistent with economical design and future expansion.
Blocking
The plant site shall be blocked in consideration of hazards attendant to
plant operation in the area. All blocked areas shall be formed as
square as possible by divided access roads and/or boundary lines.
Location and Weather
The plant layout shall be arranged in consideration of geographic location
and weather in the region of the site.
: 150
Prevailing Wind
Where the prevailing wind is defined, the administration and service
facilities and directly fired equipment, etc., shall be located windward of
process Units and storage tanks, etc.
Layout Indication www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com
The basic requirements to be met in the appropriate diagram when

making a piping and equipment layout are:
All equipment, ladders, structures, shall be indicated.
All instrument shall be located and indicated.
All valving and handwheel orientations shall be indicated.
Drip funnel locations for underground drains shall be indicated.
All electrical switch grears, lighting pannels shall be indicated.
All sample systems shall be indicated
: 151
PLANT LAYOUT
n Area Arrangement
n Classified blocked areas, such as process areas, storage areas, utilities areas, administration and service
areas, and other areas shall be arranged as follows:
n 1) The process area shall be located in the most convenient place for operating the process Unit.
n 2) The storage area shall be located as far as possible from buildings occupied by personnel at the site,
but should be located near the process area for ready operation of the feed stocks and product run-
downs.
n 3) The utilities area shall be located beside the process area for ready supply of utilities.
n 4) Loading and unloading area shall be located on a corner of the site with capable connection to public
road directly, for inland traffics. For marine transportation, the area shall be located on the seaside or
riverside in the plant site.
n 5) The administration and service area shall be located at a safe place on the site in order to protect
personnel from hazards. It shall preferably be located near the main gate alongside the main road of the
plant.
n 6) Flare and burn pit shall be located at the end of the site with sufficient distance to prevent personnel
hazard.
n 7) Waste water treating Unit shall be located near at the lowest point of the site so as to collect all of
effluent streams from the processing Unit.
n 8) The process Unit to which the feed stock is charged first, shall be located on the side near the feed
stock tanks, to minimize the length of the feed line.
n 9) The process Unit from which the final product(s) is (are) withdrawn, shall be located on the side near
the products tanks to minimize the length of the product run-down line.
n 10) Process Units in which large quantities of utilities are consumed, should be preferably located on the
side near the utility center.
: 152
Roadways
n 1) Road and access ways shall offer easy access for

mobile equipment during construction and maintenance,
fire fighting and emergency escape in a fire situation.
n 2) Unless otherwise specified by the Company, the
defined roads shall be made as stated in IPS-E-CE-160,
"Geometric Design of Roads".
n 3) Access roads shall be at least 3 m from processing
equipment between road edges to prevent vehicle
collisions.
: 153
Piperacks and Sleepers
n piperack for process Units and pipe sleeps for the

off-site facilities shall be considered as the
principals support of the pipe way
n Single level pipe racks are preferred, if more than
one level is required, the distance between levels
oriented in the same direction shall be adequate
for maintenance but not less than 1.25 meters
: 154
n Maximum piperack widths shall be 10 m. If widths
larger than 10 m are required, the piperack shall
be designed to be of two stage. Actual widths
shall be 110% of the required widths or the
required widths plus 1m. In cases where air fin
coolers are to be placed on the piperacks, the
piperack widths shall be adjusted based on the
length of the air coolers.
: 155
n Allow ample space for routing instrument lines
and electrical conduit. Provide 25% additional
space for future instrument lines and electrical
n Provide 20% additional space on the pipe rack for
future piping
n Pipe racks outside process areas shall have the
following minimum overhead refinery/plant
clearances: main roadway -5 meters , access
roads -4.5 meters, railroads -6.7 meters above
top of rail.
: 156
n Typical layout of piperack, for process plants depending on the number of
process Units incorporated and the process complexities are given in Figs.
1 through 4 with reference descriptions as follow:
n a) "Single Rack Type" layout, is suitable for small scale process complex
consisting of two-three process Units. It is economical without requiring
any large area.
: 157
n "Comb Type" layout shown in Fig. 2, is recommended for use in process, complex
consisting of three or more process Units. "Single Rack Type" in this case will not
be suitable since separate maintenance and utility administration in normal
operation will be difficult because of the utility and flare line which are placed on
the common rack.
: 158
n "Double Comb Type" layout is an expansion of the "Comb Type" which is
recommended for the use in largescale process complexes where five to ten
process Units are to be arranged. This layout as shown below in Fig. 3, can be
conveniently utilized.
: 159
n "U Type" layout shown in Fig. 4, is recommended to be used in case of process
Units whose maintenance cannot be conducted separately, within the complex.
This type can be regarded as an expansion of the "Single Rack Type". Even
process complexes of this nature, can be regarded as one process Unit in the
planning of their layout.
: 160
n The control room and substation shall be located
from an economical standpoint so as to minimize
the length of electrical and instrument cables
entering and leaving therefrom
n The control room shall be positioned so that the
operator can command a view of the whole
system which is under control. Large buildings, or
equipment shall not be placed in front of the
control room.
: 161
: 162
: 163
: 164

n
n
n
: 166
:
) (
)( :
) (
: 167
: 168

: 169

: 170

)( n
)( n
: 171

: n
)( n
)( n
)( n
: 172

n 3 psi 15 .
n ) (
:
n

n
:
n
n
n
n short circuit
n
n

: 173
I to P

I to P
.
n :
n
n
n )(Auto tuner mode
: 174
DCS plant n
.
DCS plant n

n
. plant .

) (Stand By
) fail( .
: 175

:
. n
.
.
.
: 176

:
n
n
.
.
n : .
.
.
.
n : .
.
: 177
-
. n
.

Robust
.
.
- PID
.
: 178
)(Feed Forward
) Load ( . n

.
.

.
) load ( .
: 179
n
load
: 180
)(Cascade
) (noise n

-- cascade n
.
n
cascade .
. LC
) (master FC ) (slave.
-- cascade
: . 181
n
utility
: 182

-15-17 . ))cascade
. .
cascade
: 183
Disturbance n
measurement or process value n
set point or desired value n
Actuator n
: 184

) (: n
VT=KgW n
: 185

PLANT n
: 186

OPEN LOOP

:

:
CLOSED LOOP FEED BACK

: 187

FEED BACK CLOSED LOOP
OPEN LOOP
: 188

: 189
TRANSMITTER
4 20
3 PSI 15
:

:
)(

: 190
)(
: 191

: ... n
: 192

: 193

: 194

: 195

: 196

: 197
:
Pneu-Booster Relay
0.03 in
: 198
P/E
: 199

m
co
g.
b lo
an
ih
.m
io r
av
sts
b la
w .m
w w
: 200

: 201

n
)V=V0(1+YT q
)L=L0(A+AT q
T1/T2=V1P1/V2P2 q
THERMOWELL q
n
: q
<<<<
: 202
:
T copper-constantantan max:400 c color:cu

J iron-constantantan max:850 c color:--
K chromel(Fe-ni-cr)-alumel(ni-cr) fmax:1100 c color:--
: 203
thermally sensitive resistor :
PTC:Positive Temp Coeff

NTC:Negative Temp Coeff
:
: 204
:RTD
Resistance Bulb

)R=R0(1+AT PLATIN
)R=R0(1+AT+BT2+CT3) OTHERS(NICKEL
: 205
:RTD
)G:Amper meter(Galvanometer
A/(X+2L)=B/S
: 206
: 207
:
ww
w.m
bl a
sts
a vi
or.
m ih
a nb
log
.co
m
208
: )TT(Temperature Transmitter
: 209
:
: 210
:
: 211
:
: 212
:
P=h-d
: 213
:
: 214
)LT(Level Transmitter
: 215
LT(Level Transmitter)
: 216
-
: )LT(Level Transmitter
: 217

: n
: 218

on-off n
P n
-PI n
-- )PID(proportional-integral-Derivative n
: 219
on-off
pressure switch-flow switch-level switch
n
: 220
: 221
: 222
: 223
overshoot

:
undershoot
: 224

:
: 225
)P(Propertional
) (
: 226
P(Propertional)
: 227
)P(Propertional
offset

:
: 228
)PB(Proportional Band

: 200-0 150PB=20 n
170-130: n
: 229
)PB(Proportional Band
: 150-140 n
?SP,PB n
sp=145,PB=10%: n
: 230
)PI (Proportional Integral

: 231
PI (Proportional Integral)
: 232
Derivative
: 233
PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)
: 234

local controllers n
: n
DDC
Direct digital control n

: n

: n

: 235

Degassing n
Surge drum n
Lube oil seperator n
Gas/liquid seperator - n
Reflux accumulator n
Knock out Drum n

Storage Tank n
Slug Catcher n
Dearator n
: 236
Surge drum
www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com n
: n
non-PID n
sp n
: 237
Gas/liquid seperator -
n
n
:split range n
Residence time n
non-PID ) ( n
: : n
: radar )ultrasonic ( n
) :(... differential n
pressure transmitter bubble tube glass gauge
: 238
Knock out Drum
: n
:open loop : n
Dump n
: 239
Knock out Drum
: 240
Knock out Drum
: 241
Slug Catcher
: 242

: n
NPSH inert fuel .
:oxidation: .

: purge .
: n
... .
: 243
: 244
: 245
: 246
: 247
: 248
-
: 249
: 250
PROCESS DESIGN CRITERIA
: 251
: 252

English PFD و P&ID

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Produced by:Mohammad Behzadi

ASME (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)

Coal carbonization block flowsheet. Quantities are in lb/hr

block flowsheet. Quantities are in lb/hr

These are P&I diagrams for individual

Phase III: Start-Up Sequence and General Commissioning Procedures

ANSI (AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE)

IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)

API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE)

GPSA (Gas Process System Analysis)

Main process line (arrow of 30indicates

Heat traced pipe line

Jackated or double containment pipeline

Line crossing (connected)

n Gate valve (basic symbol)

n Gate valve with body bleed

l ISO (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION)

l For steam tracing numbering and material

l TRACING TYPE SERVICE

l ET Electrical Traced and Insulated

l ETT Electrical Traced With Heat Transfer Cement and insulated

l Structure and pipe rack shall be numbered in the following manner:

l TYPE OF DRAWING SERIAL NUMBER (4 Digits)

l HWR Hot Water Return

l LNA Light Naphtha

n Equal precentage(of flowrate)

n Cv(Cg for fisher) (GPM=>dp=1 psi)

Is an earth or concrete wall which directs spills to a safe

Fire resistance rating, as the time in minutes or hours, that

The basic requirements to be met in the appropriate diagram when

n 1) Road and access ways shall offer easy access for

n piperack for process Units and pipe sleeps for the

measurement or process value n

set point or desired value n

CLOSED LOOP FEED BACK

FEED BACK CLOSED LOOP

T copper-constantantan max:400 c color:cu

PTC:Positive Temp Coeff

Direct digital control n

Knock out Drum n

NPSH inert fuel .

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