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Annotated Bibliography

"For young women, gender gap narrows for wages, report says." Newsela. Los Angeles Times,

20 Dec. 2013. Web. 09 Jan. 2017.

This articles original writer, from the Los Angeles Times, offers an alternate

viewpoint on the gender wage gap. Common analyses of the pay differences between

sexes are more often than not from a negative viewpoint, pointing out the deficiencies of

the issue. Rather, this article provides an encouraging viewpoint, that implies there is still

hope for the female workforce to receive parity. Despite the fact that women are getting

closer to achieving wage equality with men, it has come with a significant price to pay.

This factor has become known as, the parenthood penalty. Simply put, female workers

are abstaining from having children because they are fully aware of the financial toll it

could burden. This article demonstrates that entering motherhood can stifle womens

career paths, and greatly trounce their salaries.

Miller, Kevin. "The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap (Fall 2016)." AAUW: Empowering

Women Since 1881. N.p., 2016. Web. 09 Jan. 2017.

The American Association of University Women thoroughly addresses the issues

of the gender wage gap, by surpassing the widely reported seventy-nine percent statistic.

This article illustrates some of the effects of the gap, including the impacts on women of

certain ages, races, and education levels. This report found that, over the past forty years,

the pay gap has been slowly narrowing at a rate of half of a percent per year. The study
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then continues to examine the differing salaries between ethnic groups, and finds that the

gap is the largest for Hispanic and African American women. Moreover, this report found

that the gap increases with age, and typically starts to level out between ages fifty and

sixty. To make matters worse, the study shockingly found that the gap increases with

higher levels of education. Through the use of several statistics, studies, surveys, and

charts, this report presents accurate information on the varying populace of people that

are affected by the wage gap.

Stevenson, Betsey. "Five Facts About the Gender Pay Gap:." The White House. The United

States Government, 14 Apr. 2015. Web. 09 Jan. 2017.

Economist and associate professor of Public Policy, Betsey Stevenson, explains in depth

five shocking facts about the gender pay gap. Firstly, this report notes that the pay gap

goes beyond salaries, and has an even greater impact after retirement. Women are

disproportionately deprived of key items in compensation packages, such as, health

insurance, retirement savings, and paid leave. The report goes on to examine the

experience and education levels of both men and women. It has been empirically proven

that women are equally, if not, more qualified than men in academic standards, and yet

they are still being underpaid. This report offers a theory as to why the gap is so large,

economist Francis Blau conducted a study to answer this very question, and found that

women are more likely to gravitate toward lower-paying occupations and industries.

However, this explanation only accounts for forty-nine percent of the wage gap, and the

remaining forty-one percent still goes unexplained. Although the answer may seem quite
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obvious to some radical feminists, who jump to the conclusion of gender based

discrimination, many put the blame on motherhood. Research shows that not giving

female workers paid leave causes mothers to leave the workforce, and thus causing them

to earn less later in life. This article provides five well supported facts, and is overall a

very interesting report to read.

"What are the causes?" European Commission, 24 Nov. 16. Web. 09 Jan. 2017.

The European Commission of Justice wrote an article that clearly illustrated the causes of

the existence of the gender wage gap. One of the main causes is how women are viewed

compared to men, oftentimes people naturally assume men are more capable to work than

women. Even in cases where men and women are equally qualified for a certain job,

oftentimes the bias is in favor of the male, because males are naturally thought to have a

higher ambition for career progression, opposed to females, because they often take

breaks from work due to motherhood. Many try to blame the gap on segregation in the

labor market, however, although a lot of women tend to flock to lower paying jobs, we

can not neglect the women in male dominated, and more elite jobs. This article so

eloquently demonstrates that stereotypes, and gender roles play a significant factor in the

gender pay gap.

"World Cup champion U.S. women's soccer players demand equal pay." Newsela. Associated

Press, 5 Apr. 2016. Web. 09 Jan. 2017.

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A very controversial issue, that has been ongoing for quite a while, gave rise to the U.S

Womens National Team to take a stance. Shortly after the team brought home the World

Cup championship, five of the teams players filed a complaint with the Equal

Employment Opportunity Commision accusing the U.S. Soccer Federation of wage

discrimination, because they dont believe they have been paid fairly. The USWNT is

currently carrying the leading title in the world in soccer, on the other hand, the U.S.

Mens National Team gets paid more to show up to games than the women do to win

major championships. Despite the fact that they are overwhelmingly more successful than

the mens team, the USWNT dont want to be too greedy, and ask for more pay, even

though they deserve it, they first want to receive equal treatment. This inspiring group of

women realized that there was a problem, so they acted on it rather than letting it go

unaddressed. They are setting a precedent, and standing up for women everywhere, who

may not have the courage to stand up for themselves. This article demonstrates only one

of countless movements taken to end gender based discrimination, and empower women

to demand equal pay for equal work.