SQC Activity

1. Sampling the product (Forms / Check sheets)

Average Range
Subgrou
1 2 3 4 5 for each (Highest-
p number
sampling Lowest)
1 26 25 30 28 30 27.8 5
2 28 29 27 25 24 26.6 5
3 25 26 25 25 24 25 2
4 26 26 24 26 25 25.4 2
5 25 27 29 26 25 26.4 4
6 24 25 28 25 27 25.8 4
7 24 24 25 25 27 25 3
8 24 24 26 25 24 24.6 2
9 25 25 27 24 23 24.8 4
10 25 24 26 24 27 25.2 3
11 30 27 26 25 25 26.6 5
12 27 25 24 25 24 25 3
13 25 25 26 24 28 25.6 4
14 26 25 26 25 25 25.4 1
15 29 24 25 25 25 25.6 5
16 24 24 28 25 28 25.8 4
17 25 26 25 23 27 25.2 4
18 24 24 26 27 24 25 3
19 23 23 27 25 26 24.8 4
20 28 25 24 25 23 25 5
Average (X ) 25.53

Grand Average ( X ) 1.28
Range (R) 3.6

2. Histogram
a. Draw histogram for every piece

Histogram for every Pieces

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1st Reading 2nd reading 3rd reading

4th reading 5th reading

b. Draw histogram for every sampling

Histogram for Every Sampling

29

28

27

26
measurement (mm)
25

24

23

sampling

c. Observe and compare

Between these two histograms, it can be concluded that histogram of every

pieces showed random data and hard to identified which of sampling or data that
contributed high value of defect whilst histogram for every sampling showed the
average value of each sampling taken. It is more understandable compared to
histogram for every pieces. From the average, the normal value of sampling
between 24mm to 25mm length. The value over 26mm indicated abnormality
 which cause by human or other factor. Highest average value is 27.8 where at
beginning of the sampling.

3. Control charts
a. Calculate the standard deviation (sampling)

Using formula:

s=
X )2
( X
(n1)

Subgroup Samples of calculations:

Standard deviation, s
number
1 2.280351 Average
2 2.073644 b. Complete 3 sigma control charts
Subgroup for each
1 2 3 4 5 sampling
3 0.707107 number
4 0.894427
5 1.67332 2 3 27.8
1 X-Bar 25 30 28
6 1.643168 6 Chart 0
7 1.224745
8 0.894427
9
10
11
1.48324
1.30384
2.073644
s=
(27.826)2+ +(27.830)2
(51)

12 Xbar one sigma Upper Limit

1.224745 X + A120.8

13
14
1.516575
Xbar two sigma Upper Limit
0.547723
(Warning Line)
s=

2 4
X + A
3 1
26.22

26.92
15 1.949359
16 Xbar three sigma Upper Limit
2.04939 1
X + A 27.61
17 (Action Line)
1.48324 3 1
18 1.414214
Average 25.53
19 1.788854
Xbar one sigma Lower Limit X A 1 24.84
20 1.870829
s

Average, Xbar two sigma Lower Limit
1.504842 2
X A 24.15
(Warning Line) 3 1
Xbar three sigma Lower Limit 1
X A 23.45
(Action Line) 3 1
 The value of A1 is refer to the reference table below. The values are plot based on the
average value of sampling.

Range Chart
8

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Rbar one sigma Upper Limit X + A2 R

4.938
2
Rbar two sigma Upper Limit (Warning X + A R

Line) 3 2 6.276
1
Rbar three sigma Upper Limit (Action X + A R

Line) 3 2 7.614
Average range 3.6
Rbar one sigma Lower Limit X A 2 R 2.262
2
Rbar two sigma Lower Limit(Warning X A R 0.924
Line) 3 2

The value of A2 is refer to the reference table below. The values are plot based on the
value of range.
 c. What is the condition?

Range chart shows that all the values are still on the specs of due to its
point not exceed the action line and still under control. There should be no issue
on the range of the product produced but the X-bar chart have slightly problem at
the beginning of the sampling value due to its point exceed the action line. These
indicated whether the tools to cut the wire has a problem or the operator mistakes
when measure those wires.

4. Process Capability
a. If the product length specification is 24 to 28 mm, evaluate the process capability.

USL=28
LSL=24
R
R=
d2

d 2=3.326(based on reference table ( n=5 ))

3.6
R= =1.547721
2.326

(USLLSL)
Cp=
6R
(2824)
Cp=
6 x 1.547721
0.4301
USL X X LSL

C pk =
3R 3R
 2825.53 25.5324
C pk =
3 x 1.547721 3 x 1.547721

C pk =0.5320.330

5. Using the cause and effect diagram, discuss the cause of the variations and suggest a
practical improvement can be made.