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REFERENCE TO DHARMAPURI
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Brand awareness is the extent to which a brand is recognized by potential customers, and
market, brand awareness is the primary goal of advertising in the early months or years of a
product's introduction.
BRAND AWARENESS
Brand awareness is the degree of familiarity among consumers about the life and
availability of the product. It is measured as ratio of niche marketing that has former knowledge
of brand. Brand awareness includes both brand recognition as well as brand recall. Brand
recognition is the ability of consumer to recognize prior knowledge of brand when they are
asked question about that brand or when they are shown that specific brand, while brand recall is
the potential of consumer to recover a brand from his memory when the product class/category,
needs satisfied by that category or buying scenario as a signal. In other words, it refers that
consumer should correctly recover brand from the memory when given a clue or he can recall the
specific brand when the product category is mentioned. It is generally easier to recognize a brand
can be reflected by how well the consumers can identify the brand under various conditions.
Brand awareness includes brand recognition and brand recall performance. Brand recognition
refers to the ability of the consumers to correctly differentiate the brand they previously have
been exposed to. This does not necessarily require that the consumers identify the brand name.
Instead, it often means that consumers can response to a certain brand after viewing its visual
packaging images. Brand recall refers to the ability of the consumers to correctly generate and
"Awareness, attitudes, and usage (AAU) metrics relate closely to what has been called the
Hierarchy of Effects, an assumption that customers progress through sequential stages from lack
of awareness, through initial purchase of a product, to brand loyalty." In total, these AAU metrics
During this process, the category need is stimulated first. For example, you need to do food
shopping. You will only write down the food categories, like chocolate, instead of brand names
on your list. You will scan the packages of chocolate on the shelf and recognize different brands.
Such recognition might be based on the knowledge of an acquaintance or friend having used the
product in the past or constant advertisement. In this situation, brand awareness does not require
brand recall because brand awareness may occur along with brand recognition. However, in
Advertising is the activity or profession of producing information for promoting the sale
of commercial products or services. Advertising is used through various media to generate brand
awareness within consumers. They can be aired as radio ads, television commercials, internet etc.
Guerrilla marketing creative campaigns allows every small firm to compete with bigger
firms by carving out narrow but profitable niches. Nowadays, big firms also use guerrilla
marketing to catch consumers attention at low cost. These tactics include extreme specialization,
aiming every effort at favourably impressing the customers, providing service that goes beyond
the customers' expectations, fast response time, quick turnaround of jobs, and working hours that
match the customer's requirements. The term 'Guerrilla Marketing' is a registered trademark of
author Jay Levinson who popularized it through his several 'Guerrilla' books.
studied with great efforts, so that marketers can design the product based on the need of the
CONSUMER PREFERENCES:
utility, of various bundles of goods. They permit the consumer to rank these bundles of goods
according to the level they give the consumer. Note that preferences are independent of income
and prices.Ability to purchase goods doesnot determine a consumers likes or dislikes. This is
used primarily to mean an option that has the greatest anticipated value among a number of
options. Preference and acceptance can in certain circumstances means the same thing but it is
useful to keep the distinction in mind with preference tending to indicate choices among neutral
or more valued option with acceptance indicating a willingness to tolerate the status quo or some
less.
If the customer need were met then the customer may turn as an asset to the company
In this new era of business world, Customers are the real owners. So, each and every
Advantages:
expectations.
Consumer behaviour can be defined as the decision-making process and physical activity
involved in acquiring, evaluating, using and disposing of goods and services. This definition
clearly brings out that it is not just the buying of goods/services that receives acquired or
bought. The study of consumer behaviour is the study of how individual make decisions to
spend their available resources (time, effect, money) on consumption related item. It includes
the study of what they buy it, where they buy it, how often they buy it and how often they use
it. It is important to know how consumer reacts towards different product features, price and
consume things of daily use. We also consume and buy these products according to our
needs, preferences and buying power. In some societies there is a lot of affluence and, these
societies can afford to buy in greater quantities and at shorter interval. In poor societies, the
Today the shampoo market is very congested and competitive and so many companies are
trying to capture the market with their modern technologies. Each product is different by quality,
price, perfume size, packaging and the like. Hence, it becomes very essential to know what
factors influencing the customers much towards a particular brand. So, that the market could be
assessed to know the reasons and situations motivating the consumer for preferring a particular
brand. This study has been undertaken with a view to analyze the consumer preference for
"shampoo" and how consumers select the shampoo and on what basis they are going to select.
satisfaction. So with these problems in mind a study is made to know what the consumer actually
has in their mind and to help to help in our brands. Brand awareness making different developed
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
To study the brand awareness and consumer preference for shampoo products at sivagiri.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
To study on consumer perception towards shampoo products.
To find out the advertisement effectiveness for shampoo products among consumers.
To identity the factors influencing to purchase shampoo products.
To study the level of customer satisfaction towards shampoo products.
To study on attributes of brand preferences in shampoo products among consumer.
RESEARCH DESIGN
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy procedure.
Descriptive Design
Descriptive research design is a type of research method that is used when one wants to
get information on the current status of a person or an object. It is used to describe what is in
existence.
SAMPLING DESIGN
A sampling design specifies for every possible its probability of being drawn
mathematically a sampling design is denoted by function. P(s) which gives the probability of
drawing a sample S.
In statistical a simple random sampling is a subject of individual chosen from a larger set.
Each individual entirely by chance, such that each individual has the same probability.
Sample size
A sample is part of the target population, carefully selected from the universe to
constitute sample.
Sample Size =
C2
Where
P = Percentage q= not picking a choice expressed as decimal (0.5) used for sample size
needed.
Primary Data
Primary data collections are those which are collected in questionnaire method a fresh
collection.
Secondary Data
Secondary data collections are those which have already been collected by someone else.
Percentage analysis
Chi-square test
ANOVA
Correlation
Ranking
Factor analysis
PERCENTAGEANALYSIS
Percentage analysis is the method to represent raw streams of data as a percentage ( a part
The chi-square test is one of the simplest and most widely used non parametric tests in
statistical work. This test is used to find whether the two attributes are associated are not. The
quantity x2 describes the magnitude of the discrepancy between theory and observation.
2
X2 = (Observed value-Expected value)
Expected value
Shampoo products are substantially used to enhance and protect the health and physical
appearance and also the dignity of the people among their counterparts.
The spending on shampoo products especially in the rural areas is showing an increasing
awareness among teenagers of rural areas emulating their counterparts in the urban areas
led to the increased usage of shampoo products particularly beauty & health care
The increase becoming for developed using in the consumer attributed on a level.
The study was conducted in Dharmapuri between July 2017 and November 2017.
value
CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Patel and Prasad (2005), in their paper titled The unique rural identity, conducted a
study to find out rural consumers brand awareness and their behaviour towards various
brands. The study used stimuli like shampoos, soaps, detergents, oral care and cold drinks.
Simple random sampling technique had been used on a sample of 250 rural consumers and
45 retailers. The study highlighted that local brands with core benefits dominated rural
market due to its availability, awareness and endorsement by retailers. The study also
emphasized the need for the use of local dialects as a powerful medium for brand promotion
in the rural markets as rural consumers identified products with local names and local
jargons.
Patro and Varshney (2008), in their study on brand awareness and preference in rural
markets, carried out a study to find out if there is any link between brand awareness building
measures on the quality perceived and its affect on buyers. Altogether seven bathing soap
brands were taken as stimuli on 106 respondents which were selected by stratified sampling.
The study found that brand building measures positively leads to higher sales in the rural
areas and consequently leads to change in the behaviour of consumers. It also found the
presence of direct relation between brand recall, brand liking, perception of brand quality and
usage of a brand.
Gupta and Kaur (2013), in their study related to brand awareness among rural
consumers tried to know the buying behaviour that consumer display on purchase of daily
goods for consumption. The study had 100 consumers who belonged to different age groups
and classification was done on the basis of literacy. The study found an increasing trend of
brand awareness among the identified category of products. The rural consumers had
increasingly became health conscious. The study found that branded products were perceived
by the rural consumers to be of good quality and health friendly. It was also found that rural
consumers had the capacity to pay a high price for branded products which were also treated
as a symbol of status.
reflects a desire to use a particular product or service even when there are equally-priced and
between the demographic factors with the brand preference of respondents towards branded
cosmetics. The respondents are selected by convenient sampling method and data is analyzed
and interpreted with the help of statistical technique. Based on the analyses it is concluded
that Himalaya brand has a very good market and Brand choice. The family size and number
chocolates The main objective was to study the level of consumer satisfaction and brand
awareness among the Cadburys customer. The sample size was 100 the study revealed good
consumer satisfaction towards the product. The consumer were well aware of the imported
chocolates available in the market. He suggested that more flavors are to be added to the
R. Sambathkumar (2003) pointed out in his study that,A majority of consumers Now
a-days are highly enlighten lot. They are concerned with the majority of cases, companies
E. Lirad (2004) clarifies the relative importance of self and ideal self- image to the
purchase intention of customers. He concludes that self-image and ideal self-image tent to be
positively correlated with self-image than the ideal selfimage, whereas in some other
Mr. S. Venkatesh (2005) made A study on Brand preference towards surf excel with
special reference to Erode town. The objective of the study was to know about the
advertisement effect of surf excel and find out the satisfaction level of the consumer out of
100 customers, 50% felt the price is high and the most effective media of advertisement was
found to be television.
Mr. N. Sundar (2006) in his study Brand preference towards TVS fiero with reference
to lotus Agencies, found that more than 70% of the respondents had good satisfaction for the
Many research in academic and business suggest that physical attractiveness is important cue
in individual initial judgment of other person. They suggest the contingency approach to the
Kumar,(2006) conducted a study on Rural Marketing for FMCGs. The most preferred
brands of toothpaste, shampoo and toilet soap in rural areas were identified on the basis of
gender interpretation. The study revealed that quality is the first factor that influences rural
the rural consumers and influence their buying behaviour was made by). He concluded that the
strategies ought to be designed according to the factors influencing the rural consumer behaviour
such as price, opinion leaders, easy 120 Int. Jour. of Business & Inf. Tech.
Madhavi (2007)Among brand preference Colgate plays a vital role among female
respondents whereas male respondents mostly use Pepsodent. Almost half of the respondents do
not use shampoo because they are using conservative products only and among the users 60
percent of them use Clinic Plus. No significant relationship between gender and the use of
shampoo was found. Majority of the respondents using soaps preferred Hamam as their brand of
toilet soap.
brand recall. Brand recognition is the ability of consumer to recognize prior knowledge of brand
when they are asked question about that brand or when they are shown that specific brand, while
class/category, needs satisfied by that category or buying scenario as a signal. In other words, it
refers that consumer should correctly recover brand from the memory when given a clue or he
can recall the specific brand when the product category is mentioned. It is generally easier to
consumers memory and can be reflected by how well the consumers can identify the brand
under various conditions. Brand awareness includes brand recognition and brand recall
performance. Brand recognition refers to the ability of the consumers to correctly differentiate
Micheal Hussey, (2010) Brand awareness plays a major role in a consumers buying
decision-making process. During this process, the category need is stimulated first. For example,
you need to do food shopping. You will only write down the food categories, like chocolate,
instead of brand names on your list. You will scan the packages of chocolate on the shelf and
attributes the product or service, price, place, promotion In this new era of business world,
Customers are the real owners. So, each and every expectation of consumer has to be studied.
Consumer preferences are defined as the subjective (individual) tastes, as measured by utility, of
various bundles of goods. They permit the consumer to rank these bundles of goods according to
the level they give the consumer. Note that preferences are independent of income and prices.
Ability to purchase goods does not determine a consumers likes or dislikes. This is used
primarily to mean an option that has the greatest anticipated value among a number of options.
Hasmanoyi, (2013) Consumer behaviour can be defined as the decision-making process
and physical activity involved in acquiring, evaluating, using and disposing of goods and
services. This definition clearly brings out that it is not just the buying of goods/services that
CHAPTER - III
AN OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA
The shampoo industry in India has evolved extensively since the 1960s, which was then
considered a lifestyle product in urban India. Until 2010, the market was dominated by flagship
companies such as Hindustan Lever Ltd. and Procter and Gamble. But since then the competition
has broadened to include many more multi-national companies and domestic companies such as
Garnier and ITC Ltd. There is high capacity of growth in top and bottom ends of the industry,
which is an advantage for companies since the penetration rates are comparatively low.
As of September 2015, the Indian hair care market was estimated around Rs. 3,800 Crore.
This industry is segmented into smaller categories of shampoos, hair oils, hair serums, hair
conditioners, hair colorants and hair gels. Marico dominates the hair oil category with its flagship
growing at an annual rate of 14% p.a., and the competition is intensifying everyday. Shampoos
Consumer behavior is at crossroads today as it has its roots in both marketing and
behavioral sciences. As it is born from marketing it will be hard to deviate from the needs of
marketing. But given all the concepts and methods learned from the behavioral sciences it will be
impossible to ignore them. The science of consumer behavior will be carried forward with
traditional journals and other conferences. However, new journals, like the Journal of Consumer
Marketing and other associations will provide a stepping stone to conducting research in the field
of marketing.
The target market for shampoos is mainly the upper class, upper middle class, middle
class and particularly, housewives and college goers. However, of late, the bottom of the pyramid
is proving to be profitable owing to the promotion of one-time use sachets. Cavin Kare, an fast
moving consumer goods major created a revolution in the past decade with its experimentation
of Re.1/- Chik Shampoos in rural areas. Ironically, urban India is witnessing a change in
shampoo consumption, since families are moving from one shampoo a family to one shampoo
a family member. This metamorphosis is a strong driver for growth. More and more companies
are entering the shampoo market every day. The existing marketing leaders are forced to
maintain their dominance through aggressive promotion, re-branding efforts and reduction in
prices. Companies are also experimenting with sachet promotion to expand presence in the rural
markets. This competition is expected to further intensify in near future and the determining
cleanliness and hygiene, moisturizing, etc. and they expect their needs to be
satisfied.
o Consumers relate formation of lather to the act of cleansing.
o Even today, many individuals use soap or a combination of soap and shampoo to
proportionally.
o Southern India is predominantly a sachet market, as opposed to North India where
Sachets make upto 40% of the total shampoo sales in the country.HUL dominates
the market with 47% market share, followed by P&G at 23%. The challenges are
Clinic All Clear, Sunsilk and Clinic Plus. P&G follows closely with its highly successful brand,
Pantene, along with Head & Shoulders, the leading Anti-Dandruff brand in India. Other major
Value-added shampoo segment is gaining immense popularity these days, with many
companies launching a myriad of variants to tap market share. Paras was first to launch the hair
potion segment with Livon, pharma companies such as Dabur have launched medicated anti-
By 2015, an estimated 55% of the shampoo consumers will be the under-20 years of age
segment, giving shampoo giants a huge opportunity to experiment in this sector. With increasing
awareness and growing advertising activates, shampoo penetration is likely to multiply threefold
Clinic Plus Health shampoo was launched in India in the year 1987. Hindustan Lever
Limited (HLL) has relaunched Clinic Plus Health Shampoo in the year 2004. It is India's largest
selling shampoo, offering the five most important hair health benefits: strengthens weak hair,
prevents hair breakage, softens rough dry hair, shine for thick and healthy hair, and contains anti-
dandruff ingredient. This is the first time such a five-in-one shampoo has been introduced in
India. Bottles of the new Clinic Plus Health Shampoo with milk proteins are now being made
The relaunch of Clinic Plus Health Shampoo, with its five-in-one benefit formulation and
the new reduced price points, is HLLs second major initiative to offer outstanding consumer
HLL has decided to stretch the equity of its Clinic Plus shampoo into an ayurvedic
variant. The new sub-brand Clinic Plus ayurvedic hair wash is priced on par (Rs 60 for 200
ml) with its existing Clinic Plus Health shampoo with milk proteins. With natural ingredients
such as neem, tulsi and cinnamon leaf oil, the hair wash's dark brown colour is different from the
Clinic Plus is the market leader in the mid price range shampoo segment. Its main
competitor is the Rejoice shampoo from P & G and Chik Shampoo from Cavin Care.
It uses line extension type of branding because it has Clinic as the main brand name and
COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
The niche market in the shampoo industry is shared by companies like Dabur &
Himalaya. Profitable markets for clinic plus are semi urban, urban and rural market. Although its
market challengers Rejoice and Chik shampoo are hitting these markets and posing a threat to
clinic plus, but clinic plus is still doing well because has the price advantage over its competitors.
Clinic plus uses this strategy to defend its position against new entrants. HLLs long
established ties with retailers and ties extensive distribution reach probably acts as a entry
This strategy is usually used against market challengers like Rejoice and Chik
shampoo, recently when P&Gs Rejoice reduced its prices HLL fired a salvo by offering a
As a market leader, HLL believes that it can lead market growth by driving
consumption and frequency of usage. Bottle packs play a significant role in this. And this
was one of the great moves in directing the sachet users to bottles.
In the Rs 1,000 crore shampoo market, HLL is a clear leader hogging 65% of the
market share with clinic plus contributing 31% .HLL enjoys a price advantage over its
competitors. With low prices HLL believes that it can neutralize significant part of cost of
o Product
o Segmentation of the product
o Premium
o Popular
o Economy
Clinic Plus is a Premium product since it is targeted at the existing customers and it is the
market leader. Positioning of the product is done by uses and applications since it has been now
launched with a five in one benefit. The product is differentiated in to two categories. It has
clinic plus which targets the family and a variant which is clinic plus ayurveda which targets the
niche market.
PROMOTION
Reduction in prices:
Hindustan Lever Limited relaunched Clinic Plus with its five in one formula with
reduced price. This reduced price has greatly increased the market share of Clinic Plus because
where other shampoos in the same segment are priced at almost Rs. 39 Clinic Plus is priced at
Rs. 30.
HLL started introduced the scheme of buy one get one free. So you get two bottles for the
price of one. It does not affect the profits of HLL because it has so high volume of production
Bubble Pack:
The bubble pack which is available for Rs. 8 for 30 ml is an innovative way of promoting
the product. Since the sachets are difficult to store and reuse the bubble pack is a welcome relief.
25 ml for Rs. 5:
This bottle of shampoo is introduced to switch the sachet users to the bottle. Where you
get 7.5 ml for Rs. 2 you are now getting 25 ml for Rs. 5
to grow would be expand the market itself. Hence our innovative ideas are concentrated on
1. Hair saloons:
Concept:
Promotion of Clinic Plus in various hair saloons and beauty parlours across India.
Motive:
Idea:
Since people visit hair saloons and beauty parlours very often they tend to get
attracted to the products used in the saloons or parlours , carrying the general impression
that whatever products by the people in saloons are the best for that purpose.
2. Health Clubs:
Concept:
Motive:
Idea:
People are becoming more health conscious these days. Right from HNIs to the
youth to the middle class housewives most of them are regular to health clubs. Hence
promoting the Clinic Plus shampoo at these places with a special mention in the diet chart
by the local nutritionists would lead to greater brand awareness as hair also require
3. Weekly Bazaars:
Concept:
Motive:
Creating brand awareness and converting non shampoo users to shampoo users.
Idea:
promoting Clinic Plus in rural areas by putting up stalls in weekly bazaars setup in most