FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM DAN ALAM SEKITAR

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

GEOMATIC LABORATORY
Subject Code BFC 2111
Practicle Title TACHEOMETRY
Course Code G 03
Date of Practicle 17TH JUNE 2011
No. of Group THIRTEEN ( 13 )
Group Leader
Ahmad Shahrin bin Jamalluddin (CF 100444)
Name of Group Members Mohd. Akimullah bin Yazaid ( CF 100468 )
Nur Farhana binti Mohd . Syams Baskaran . ( AF 090298 )
Rabiatuladawiah binti Mohammed ( AF 090297 )
Nor Shazarina binti Mohd. Noh ( DF 090230 )
Lecturers Name En. Anuar bin Mohd Salleh
En Mohd Khair bin Burhanuddin
En Khairul Nizam bin Mohd. Yunus .
En. Mohamad Hairi bin Osman
Mark Introduction
Objective
Theory
Equipment
Procedure
Data / Table
Data Analysis
Discussion
Plotting / Present
Conclusion / Recommendation
Revision
Mark
Examiners Comment Approval Receive

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Tacheometric survey (tacheometry) is a system of rapid surveying, by which horizontal

and vertical distances of points are obtained by optical measurements avoiding ordinary and

slower process of measurements tape or a separate leveling instrument. There are two methods

that can be apply and use for tachemeotry which are Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM)

and Optic Distance Measurement (ODM).

The ordinary methods of surveying with a total station, chain, and levelling instrument

are fairly satisfactory when the ground is pretty clear of obstructions and not very precipitous,

but it becomes extremely when the ground is covered with bush, or broken up by ravines.

In this practical, we have been using total station we have been using total station which

able to read distance by reflecting off a prism. There are two main steps in tachometric surveys;

running a traversing around the area to be surveyed and locating details and elevations of the

features in the area with reference to the traverse stations.

Otherwise from the horizontal distance, this method also can give the value of the

different height between of the two points. Distance measurement of horizontal and vertical by

optic also known as total station. The distance of horizontal and vertical are measured by using

the suitable formula. The different system also has a different measurement and adjustment
 Precision distance and different height which is obtain by using tachometry method by

comparing with precise distance and different of the height. All the information about the height

was obtain by using traverse and leveling.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

To produce contour and detail site plan.

To produce coordinates for area work and calculations.
Produce the topographic and detail plan of the constructioning site building area by using
SDR Mapping and Auto CAD.

3.0 EQUIPMENTS

Total Station (1 unit Tape ( 1 unit)

Pole (2 quantities) Tripod

Mini prism (2 unit) Pegs
4.0 PROCEDURES

Before starting the survey, we need to perform a TBM near to our STATION 1. This is by

conducting leveling from point 1 to TBM 5 back to point 1.

From the calculation, the RL for TBM=6.571.
Perform leveling again from TBM to all the STN at our area of survey to get the RL of

each STN.
Next set up total station on STN 1 and measure the height of instrument.
Shoot the total station to the pole with a mini prism at STN 2 then set the bearing and

measure the height of pole.

After that, shoot all topography and manmade features inside and within 5m outside the

area.
Then record the bearing, horizontal and vertical distance from total station.
These process are repeated when the instruments are moved to other stations if found

missing or obstruction of the features from the observation points.

If there is some details is hidden or cannot be seen, the reserved station can be set up at

the nearest station.

5.0 DATA AND ANALYSIS

LEVELING
FROM DATUM TO

ADJUSTED
No. BS IS FS Hoc RED. CORRECTION DIST. REMARKS
LEVEL
Rise Fall LEVEL

Error for (BS-FS) =

Error for (Rise Fall) =
Correction =
FROM STATION TO DATUM

No. BS IS FS Hoc RED. CORRECTION ADJUSTED DIST. REMARKS

LEVEL
Rise Fall LEVEL

Error for (BS-FS) =

Error for (Rise Fall) =
Correction =
6.0 DISCUSSION

In tachometry, TBM 5 is used as reference with the value is 9.569m. All of the details in

the involved area which is green chalet should be taken from 5 stations. Automatic level is

using to observe leveling, meanwhile total station is using to obtain reduce level and bearing

from each station. For the reduce level, it was determined by using this equation;

AL ( Reduce Level ) = AL ( station ) + IH ( height of equipment ) HT( height of pole ) +/-

VD ( vertical distance).

Usually in surveying, there are 3 elements which contributing to misclosures. The

elements are human and environmental. The human misclosures, is an error while taking the

angle reading and distance. For equipment misclosures, there are two main reasons that will

cause parallax which is imperfect adjustment and temporary adjustment. Environmental also

effect the surveying, the main factor is weathering and ground surface.

7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Ensure that the total station dan prism are in balance condition with the bubble is in the
center.
2. Make sure leveling of that area from all station before tachometry.
3. Definite bearing must be set for every time start the observation from each station.
4. All the details including topograhpy and man made features must be observe.
5. Finish leveling at the same TBM before start the tacheometry work.

8.0 CONCLUSION
From all data and analysis, we have produce a plan with detailing in that area such as leveling,

contur line, observation on detail and datum location.

9.0 REFFERENCE

1. Ab. Hamid Mohamed 2000

- ASAS UKUR KEJURUTERAAN

2. J. UREN AND W.F.PRICE -1994

- SURVEYING FOR ENGINEERS