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The factors that influence industrial location can be divided into two groups:
1. Geographical Factors
2. Non-geographical Factors
Geographical Factors
I. Availability of Raw Materials
Whether or not raw materials are available is an integral part of an
industrys location. This can involve a high cost of transportation of the
materials, and can even affect the productive value of the raw material
if it is perishable and cannot withstand long periods of travelling. On
the other hand, in industries where raw materials can come from a
wide range of areas, for example watchmaking, the location may
not be a very important factor.
V. Transport Facilities
There are three main modes of transport: water, rail and road. Thus,
industries would tend to be located near a port or have easy access to
railway lines or roads.
VI. Availability of Water
Many industries, such as the iron and steel industry, as well as the
textile and chemical industries need large amount of water for them to
function properly and as such, are located near rivers, lakes or canals.
VII. Site
A large amount of flat land, with easy access to transport is required to
build an industrial plant. In recent times, industries have been formed
in rural areas because of lack of space in the city and high realty prices
VIII. Climate
Harsh climates, for example, those that are extremely cold, hot or dry,
are unsuitable for the development of industries. For instance, the
cotton industrial plants were built mainly in warm humid areas where
the chance of thread breakage was low. Nowadays there are artificial
humidifiers, but these increase the cost of production.
Non-Geographical Factors
I. Availablilty of Capital
Setting up and running an industrial plant requires large amounts of
capital. As a result, many industries can be found in large cities as
these are where capital can be obtained at low interest rates.
2. Hazard Communication
This requires employers to classify information in the form of labels, data
sheets, training programs, etc. of any chemicals the company produces or
imports.
3. Scaffolding
Scaffolding should be able to support its own weight as well as 4 times the
maximum weight specified on it, without failing.
4. Respiratory Protection
In order to prevent occupational illness from inhaling chemical fumes, smoke,
etc. engineering control measures, such as enclosing the operation room(s),
ventilation, must be used.
6. Lockout/ Tagout
There must be adequate control of any hazardous energy that is harmful to
employees that can be unexpectedly released during servicing and
maintenance of machinery.
7. Ladders
Self-supporting ladders should be able to support 4 times the maximum load
intended, with exceptions.
9. Machine Guarding
Machine guards are required to protect the operator of the machine from any
unexpected hazard.