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The
expectations of freedom for blacks in the early abolition of slavery was gone. They still
find discriminations and violence from the whites. Although the blacks had been freed,
the fact that they are still despised and considered as a lower class race by the whites is
still experienced. Racial prejudice as the root of the problem in inter-race relations
between whites and blacks are still embedded in the head of every American, especially
in the south.
The blacks who used to work in the farm as a slave had been farming independently
although most farmer had to rent the land and used sharecropping system. This
condition made the black farmer was in a large debt to the landowner each year. It
forced them to work continuously just to pay the debt that not only paid off, but it
Such conditions led to the great migration of African-American from south to north. This
migration took place from 1910 to 1950. Blacks hoped to have a better life in an
industrial environment in the north. In the south, only 536,000 African-American who
chose not to move to the north. Most of them were farmer and as much as 195,000
farmer were sharecropper. The results of the sale of a farm owned by a black man was
also rated very low when compared with the results of the white-owned farm.
Jim Crow laws are still enforced in the southern states. The qualities of school for
blacks were very far from decent. It causing imbalance on the level of aptness and the
quality of academic graduates between blacks and whites. It led to the lacking of land
jobs for blacks and farming was the only way to make a living.
Beside in the schools, segregation based on the skin color was also applied in the
public space. Public facilities are intentionally provided separately for whites and blacks.
As an example, the public toilets in South America is divided into three, namely to
"Ladies", "Men", and "Colored". This rule seemed to confirm that people of color,
especially blacks, are considered as a thing" else outside of man. If the toilet facilities
for whites differentiated by gender, toilet facilities for color were indifferentiated by the
thought "blacks living wildly, therefore the gender segregation is not required." From the
same reason the toilet "men" placed between "ladies" and "colored" so that blacks
which was considered barbaric was unable to do anything to the white ladies.
The blacks no longer had civil rights. They cannot choose or put himself forward as an
option in any democratic process. So none of African-American who occupy the seats of
bureaucracy. All rules in the terms of economic, political, and social were arranged
without involving any black people. This conditions were advantageous for whites who
Since its establishment in 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) has struggled against discrimination toward colored people.
Racial desegregation and restoration of civil rights for blacks were some of its greatest
mission. The NAACP is the organization that designed the Buss Montgomery Boycott in
Alabama from 1955 to 1956. The action was a protest of the separation of bus facilities
The case of Brown vs. Board occurred in 1954. The Supreme Court stated that school
segregation based on the skin color was illegal and should be abolished. However, the
decision was opposed by many southern states. Throughout the 1950s, racial
segregation still continues to run. It was only in the next decade Jim Crow laws can be